Adaptors Slocombe
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COM 428 4/24/2006 Fred Slocombe Final Presentation Outline
The Manifestation and Changes of Adaptors
Adaptors were identified by Paul Ekman and Wallace Freisen as acts originally learned to “attempt to satisfy body and self needs, to manage and cope with emotions or carry out certain bodily actions.”(Jenkins; Johnson 1977, 38) i Ekman later called them manipulators in his book Telling Lies; “Manipulators include all those movements in which one part of the body grooms, massages, holds, pinches, picks, scratches, or otherwise manipulates another body part.” (Ekman, 1985, pp 109-110) ii
I set out to record adaptors from multiple locations to determine the kinds of adaptors that were likely to manifest themselves under different circumstances, and if possible, to record any changes that may occur as a result of either time or alteration of circumstances. I found that males appear to display the most types and frequency of adaptors, adaptors appear to increase in frequency over time, and that roughly half the people in a given situation are likely to display some form of adaptive behavior. However, the sample size in this study was very small and the results only lend themselves to creating a general direction toward further research.
I.
II.
ADAPTORS a. Self b. Object c. Other SITUATIONS a. Amtrak Train Station waiting room: Chaotic i. Self Adaptors 1. Face (2) 2. Food (2) ii. Object Adaptors 1. Books / Magazines (3) 2. Bag / Purse (1) 3. Cell Phone (1) iii. Other Adaptors 1. Kids (dozens) b. Medical Clinic Waiting Room: Dark, less chaotic than train station. i. Self Adaptors 1. Folding arms (1) 2. shifting in seat(2) 3. Twisting hair (1) 4. Toe tapping in air (1) 5. Arm over head(1) ii. Object Adaptors 1. Cell phone (touching face) (1) 2. Pages through magazine but attention elsewhere (1) iii. Other Adaptors 1. Mother with child’s head in her lap(1) c. Bridge Card Game Tournament: Required strict adherence to rules. i. Self Adaptors 1. Side of head (7) 2. Hands clasped behind head (4) 3. Shifting in seat (3) 4. Leg, nose, and face (3 each) 5. Forehead, hand-rub, food, glasses (1 each) ii. Object Adaptors 1. The playing cards (51) iii. Other Adaptors 1. Against the rules.
16.00
14.00
Springfield Clinic Waiting Room after 5:00 p.m. on a Saturday.
12.00
53% of males and only 12% of females displayed self-adaptors.
10.00
8.00
6.00 4.00 2.00
Females Males
One subject touched his chin with his flipped open cell phone so it was included here as well as the Object Adaptor series.
Arm over head
toe tapping in air
lock of hair
folds arms
glasses
food
handrub
Forehead
Face
nose
leg
shift seat
handclasp behind head
side of head
0.00
14.00
AMTRAK Train Station
12.00
Two people touched their faces and two people ate. Because there were fewer females than males, the percentage for females is higher.
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
e sid
of
sp
d
be
nd hi
he
ad sh
ift
se
at
g le
se no
ce Fa Fo
he re
ad ha
nd
b ru
o fo
d gl
se as
s s ld fo
ar
s m ck lo
of
ha
to
e
ir g in pp ta
in
r ai
Ar
m
o
r ve
a he
d
es al m Fe les a M
cla nd ha
a he
30.00 27.27
Duplicate Contract Bridge Highly structured environment; restricted communication with sanctions for use of nonverbal signals.
25.00
91% of the males and only 17% of females, of the 46 people playing Bridge exhibited at least one self-adaptor.
20.00 18.18
15.00
9.09
4.17
4.55
0.00
e to
ai r
0.00 0.00
Males Females
he ad
k
fo od
gl
ha n
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00
in
0.00
ov er
0.00
Ar m
0.00
4.55 4.17
of ha ir
0.00
Fa ce Fo re he ad ha nd ru b
no se
0.00 le g
he ad sh ift se at
in d be h
dc la sp
si de
of
he ad
0.00
ta pp in g
4.17 0.00
lo c
4.17
9.09
ar m s
5.00
9.09
fo ld s
9.09
as se s
10.00
2.5
Duplicate Contract Bridge: Frequency of Adaptors over a 63 minute period of card
2
1.5
1
0.5
0 1
3
5
7
9
11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63
35.00
Train Station 44% of males and 12.5% of females displayed Object adaptors.
30.00
Many other people were constantly moving in and out between the waiting area and the train "platform."
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00 Females Cell phone reads magazine / book
Males pages thru mag/ looks elsewhere
looking in bag / purse
16.00
Springfield Clinic Waiting Room 14.00
15% of males and 37% of females displayed object adaptors.
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
Females
0.00 Cell phone Males
reads magazine / book pages thru mag/ looks elsewhere
looking in bag / purse
7.00
The overall percentage of self-adaptors observed in a sample of 84 people in three different locations. The observed adaptors as a whole add up to 42.86% of the sample. Glasses were included because they were on the face at the time they were touched. Food was included as a "catch-all."
Face
8.00
side of head
9.00
shift seat
6.00
lock of hair
folds arms
glasses
0.00
5.00
4.50
Cell phone, 4.76 reads magazine / book, 4.76
4.00
3.50
Overall percentage of Object adaptors from a sample of 84 people in three different locations.
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50 looking in bag / purse, 1.19 1.00
0.50
0.00
pages thru mag/ looks elsewhere, 1.19
Arm over head
toe tapping in air
food Forehead
1.00
handrub
2.00
nose
3.00
leg
4.00
handclasp behind head
5.00
i
Jenkins, A. Milton; Johnson, Randall D. 1977 “What the Information Analyst Should Know about Body Language” MIS Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 3. (Sep., 1977), pp. 33-47. ii Ekman, Paul 1985 Telling Lies: Clues to Deceit in the Marketplace, Politics, and Marriage. W. W. Norton & Co.
The Manifestation and Changes of Adaptors
Adaptors were identified by Paul Ekman and Wallace Freisen as acts originally learned to “attempt to satisfy body and self needs, to manage and cope with emotions or carry out certain bodily actions.”(Jenkins; Johnson 1977, 38) i Ekman later called them manipulators in his book Telling Lies; “Manipulators include all those movements in which one part of the body grooms, massages, holds, pinches, picks, scratches, or otherwise manipulates another body part.” (Ekman, 1985, pp 109-110) ii
I set out to record adaptors from multiple locations to determine the kinds of adaptors that were likely to manifest themselves under different circumstances, and if possible, to record any changes that may occur as a result of either time or alteration of circumstances. I found that males appear to display the most types and frequency of adaptors, adaptors appear to increase in frequency over time, and that roughly half the people in a given situation are likely to display some form of adaptive behavior. However, the sample size in this study was very small and the results only lend themselves to creating a general direction toward further research.
I.
II.
ADAPTORS a. Self b. Object c. Other SITUATIONS a. Amtrak Train Station waiting room: Chaotic i. Self Adaptors 1. Face (2) 2. Food (2) ii. Object Adaptors 1. Books / Magazines (3) 2. Bag / Purse (1) 3. Cell Phone (1) iii. Other Adaptors 1. Kids (dozens) b. Medical Clinic Waiting Room: Dark, less chaotic than train station. i. Self Adaptors 1. Folding arms (1) 2. shifting in seat(2) 3. Twisting hair (1) 4. Toe tapping in air (1) 5. Arm over head(1) ii. Object Adaptors 1. Cell phone (touching face) (1) 2. Pages through magazine but attention elsewhere (1) iii. Other Adaptors 1. Mother with child’s head in her lap(1) c. Bridge Card Game Tournament: Required strict adherence to rules. i. Self Adaptors 1. Side of head (7) 2. Hands clasped behind head (4) 3. Shifting in seat (3) 4. Leg, nose, and face (3 each) 5. Forehead, hand-rub, food, glasses (1 each) ii. Object Adaptors 1. The playing cards (51) iii. Other Adaptors 1. Against the rules.
16.00
14.00
Springfield Clinic Waiting Room after 5:00 p.m. on a Saturday.
12.00
53% of males and only 12% of females displayed self-adaptors.
10.00
8.00
6.00 4.00 2.00
Females Males
One subject touched his chin with his flipped open cell phone so it was included here as well as the Object Adaptor series.
Arm over head
toe tapping in air
lock of hair
folds arms
glasses
food
handrub
Forehead
Face
nose
leg
shift seat
handclasp behind head
side of head
0.00
14.00
AMTRAK Train Station
12.00
Two people touched their faces and two people ate. Because there were fewer females than males, the percentage for females is higher.
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
e sid
of
sp
d
be
nd hi
he
ad sh
ift
se
at
g le
se no
ce Fa Fo
he re
ad ha
nd
b ru
o fo
d gl
se as
s s ld fo
ar
s m ck lo
of
ha
to
e
ir g in pp ta
in
r ai
Ar
m
o
r ve
a he
d
es al m Fe les a M
cla nd ha
a he
30.00 27.27
Duplicate Contract Bridge Highly structured environment; restricted communication with sanctions for use of nonverbal signals.
25.00
91% of the males and only 17% of females, of the 46 people playing Bridge exhibited at least one self-adaptor.
20.00 18.18
15.00
9.09
4.17
4.55
0.00
e to
ai r
0.00 0.00
Males Females
he ad
k
fo od
gl
ha n
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00
in
0.00
ov er
0.00
Ar m
0.00
4.55 4.17
of ha ir
0.00
Fa ce Fo re he ad ha nd ru b
no se
0.00 le g
he ad sh ift se at
in d be h
dc la sp
si de
of
he ad
0.00
ta pp in g
4.17 0.00
lo c
4.17
9.09
ar m s
5.00
9.09
fo ld s
9.09
as se s
10.00
2.5
Duplicate Contract Bridge: Frequency of Adaptors over a 63 minute period of card
2
1.5
1
0.5
0 1
3
5
7
9
11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63
35.00
Train Station 44% of males and 12.5% of females displayed Object adaptors.
30.00
Many other people were constantly moving in and out between the waiting area and the train "platform."
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00 Females Cell phone reads magazine / book
Males pages thru mag/ looks elsewhere
looking in bag / purse
16.00
Springfield Clinic Waiting Room 14.00
15% of males and 37% of females displayed object adaptors.
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
Females
0.00 Cell phone Males
reads magazine / book pages thru mag/ looks elsewhere
looking in bag / purse
7.00
The overall percentage of self-adaptors observed in a sample of 84 people in three different locations. The observed adaptors as a whole add up to 42.86% of the sample. Glasses were included because they were on the face at the time they were touched. Food was included as a "catch-all."
Face
8.00
side of head
9.00
shift seat
6.00
lock of hair
folds arms
glasses
0.00
5.00
4.50
Cell phone, 4.76 reads magazine / book, 4.76
4.00
3.50
Overall percentage of Object adaptors from a sample of 84 people in three different locations.
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50 looking in bag / purse, 1.19 1.00
0.50
0.00
pages thru mag/ looks elsewhere, 1.19
Arm over head
toe tapping in air
food Forehead
1.00
handrub
2.00
nose
3.00
leg
4.00
handclasp behind head
5.00
i
Jenkins, A. Milton; Johnson, Randall D. 1977 “What the Information Analyst Should Know about Body Language” MIS Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 3. (Sep., 1977), pp. 33-47. ii Ekman, Paul 1985 Telling Lies: Clues to Deceit in the Marketplace, Politics, and Marriage. W. W. Norton & Co.
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