Acute Renal Failure

Acute Renal Failure (ARF) (Educational Purpose only) By R.G.Patel

Definition / Term explanation It is the sudden loss of the ability of the kidneys to remove waste and concentrate urine without losing electrolytes.

Aetiology/Causes: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) Autoimmune kidney disease Acute pyelonephritis Acute nephritic syndrome Interstitial nephritis Hemorrhage Septic shock Idiopathic thrombocytopenic thrombotic purpura (ITTP) Malignant hypertension Burns Dehydration Scleroderma Septicemia Certain Pregnancy complications Urinary tract obstruction

Sign &Symptoms: • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Generalized Swelling , Swelling of the ankle, feet, and leg swelling Excessive urination at night Oliguria Breath odor Left Ventricular Failure High blood pressure Seizures Slow, sluggish movements Anorexia Coma Muscle cramp Epistaxis Persistent hiccups

•

G.I Hemorrhage

Laboratory Tests: • • • • •

Urinalysis BUN Serum creatinine Serum potassium Creatinine clearance

Kidney Ultrasound :To detect kidney cause Abdominal X-ray, CT scan, MRI - if there is a blockage in the urinary tract. Blood tests: • To reveal the underlying cause of kidney failure. • Blood chemistries may show metabolic acidosis.

Treatment

:

Diet: • High in carbohydrates to decrease catabolism. • Low in protein, salt, and potassium. • •

To restore kidney function and prevent fluid and waste from building up in the body while the kidneys heal. Restricted fluid to volume of urine output.

Diuretics: Dialysis: • •

To save the life if the potassium levels are dangerously high. Used if your mental status changes, stop urinating, develop pericarditis, retain too much fluid, or cannot eliminate nitrogen waste products from your body.

Prognosis: • • •

It is a life-threatening and may require intensive treatment. In some cases, chronic renal failure or end-stage renal disease may develop. Progression of kidney failure also increase the risk of death.