Active Directory - 1
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- Words: 647
- Pages: 21
1
1
IP Addressing
Two Versions of Addressing Scheme IP version 4
32 bit addressing
IP version 6
128 bit addressing
2
2
IP Address Classes
Total IP Addressing Scheme is divided into 5 Classes CLASS A CLASS B
LAN & WAN
CLASS C CLASS D
Multicasting
CLASS E
Research & Development 3
3
Priority Bit Concept
To identify the range of each class a bit called priority bit is used. Priority Bit is the left most bits in the First Octet CLASS A priority bit is
0
CLASS B priority bit is
10
CLASS C priority bit is
110
CLASS D priority bit is
1110
CLASS E priority bit is
1111 4
4
Class Ranges
CLASS A Range 0.0.0.0
- 127.255.255.255
CLASS B Range 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255 CLASS C Range 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255 CLASS D Range 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 CLASS E Range
240.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255
5
5
Octet Format
IP address is divided into Network & Host Portion CLASS A is written as
N.H.H.H
CLASS B is written as
N.N.H.H
CLASS C is written as
N.N.N.H
6
6
Logical Topologies
Workgroup Model or Peer-To-Peer Model
Domain Model or Client/Server Model
7
7
Peer-to-Peer Network Model
Sys1 Os: win XP User: u1
Sys2 Os: win 2k User: u2
Sys3 Os: win 98 User: u3
Sys4 Os: win NT User: u4 8
8
Client/Server Network Model
Client1 U1 U2 U3 U4 Client2
Server
Printer
Client3 9
9
Advantages
Peer-to-peer Network
Client / Server Network
Less expensive to
Provides better security
implement.
Easier to administer
Does not require
when the network is
additional specialized
large because
network administration
administration is
software
centralized.
Does not require a
All data can be backed
dedicated network
up from one central
administrator
location. 10
10
Disadvantages
Peer-to-peer Network
Client / Server Network
If network is large
Requires expensive
administration
more powerful
becomes
hardware for server.
unmanageable.
Requires a professional
Each user must be
administrator
trained to perform
Has a single point of
administrative tasks.
failure. User data is
Less Secure
inaccessible if server is down. 11
11
12
12
What Is Active Directory?
Active Directory is a Directory Service which contains Information of All User Accounts and Shared Resources on a Network. Active Directory is a Centralized Hierarchical Directory Database Active Directory Directory
13
13
What Does Active Directory Do ?
Centralizes control of Network Resources Centralizes & Decentralizes resource management Stores objects securely in a logical structure Optimizes Network traffic
14
14
PURPOSE OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY
Provides User Logon and Authentication Services using Kerberos To organize and manage: User Accounts Computers Groups Network Resources Enables authorized Users to easily locate Network Resources 15
15
FEATURES OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY Fully Integrated Security Easy Administration using Group Policy Scalable to any Size Network Flexible NEW FEATURES IN ACTIVE DIRECTORY 2003 Rename Computer Name and Domain Names Cross-Forest Trust Relationship Site-To-Site Replication is Faster
16
16
How Directory Service Evolved
Earlier we had no DATABASE Standard So ITU (International Telecommunications Union) &ISO (International Organization for Standardization) introduced X.500 Directory System Agent (DSA)
DOP
Directory Info Base (DIB) Directory Info Tree (DIT)
Directory Organization Management Protocol
Backup Server
DAP
Client (Directory User Agent)
Server
17
17
DAP & LDAP
DAP Directory Access Protocol is based on OSI Layers It was first introduced in BANYAN VINES & Database was named as STREET TALK. LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol based on TCP/IP Layer It was first Introduced in NOVELL & Database was named as NDS (Network Directory Services) 18
18
Structure of Active Directory
Logical Structure
Physical Structure
19
19
Logical Structure of Active Directory
Domain TREE Parent/Root Child/Branch Forest
20
20
Domain
Domain is a logical secure administrative boundary Creating the initial domain controller in a network also creates the domain
you cannot have a domain without
at least one domain controller. Each domain in the directory is identified by a DNS domain name.
ZOOM.COM 21
21
1
IP Addressing
Two Versions of Addressing Scheme IP version 4
32 bit addressing
IP version 6
128 bit addressing
2
2
IP Address Classes
Total IP Addressing Scheme is divided into 5 Classes CLASS A CLASS B
LAN & WAN
CLASS C CLASS D
Multicasting
CLASS E
Research & Development 3
3
Priority Bit Concept
To identify the range of each class a bit called priority bit is used. Priority Bit is the left most bits in the First Octet CLASS A priority bit is
0
CLASS B priority bit is
10
CLASS C priority bit is
110
CLASS D priority bit is
1110
CLASS E priority bit is
1111 4
4
Class Ranges
CLASS A Range 0.0.0.0
- 127.255.255.255
CLASS B Range 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255 CLASS C Range 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255 CLASS D Range 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 CLASS E Range
240.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255
5
5
Octet Format
IP address is divided into Network & Host Portion CLASS A is written as
N.H.H.H
CLASS B is written as
N.N.H.H
CLASS C is written as
N.N.N.H
6
6
Logical Topologies
Workgroup Model or Peer-To-Peer Model
Domain Model or Client/Server Model
7
7
Peer-to-Peer Network Model
Sys1 Os: win XP User: u1
Sys2 Os: win 2k User: u2
Sys3 Os: win 98 User: u3
Sys4 Os: win NT User: u4 8
8
Client/Server Network Model
Client1 U1 U2 U3 U4 Client2
Server
Printer
Client3 9
9
Advantages
Peer-to-peer Network
Client / Server Network
Less expensive to
Provides better security
implement.
Easier to administer
Does not require
when the network is
additional specialized
large because
network administration
administration is
software
centralized.
Does not require a
All data can be backed
dedicated network
up from one central
administrator
location. 10
10
Disadvantages
Peer-to-peer Network
Client / Server Network
If network is large
Requires expensive
administration
more powerful
becomes
hardware for server.
unmanageable.
Requires a professional
Each user must be
administrator
trained to perform
Has a single point of
administrative tasks.
failure. User data is
Less Secure
inaccessible if server is down. 11
11
12
12
What Is Active Directory?
Active Directory is a Directory Service which contains Information of All User Accounts and Shared Resources on a Network. Active Directory is a Centralized Hierarchical Directory Database Active Directory Directory
13
13
What Does Active Directory Do ?
Centralizes control of Network Resources Centralizes & Decentralizes resource management Stores objects securely in a logical structure Optimizes Network traffic
14
14
PURPOSE OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY
Provides User Logon and Authentication Services using Kerberos To organize and manage: User Accounts Computers Groups Network Resources Enables authorized Users to easily locate Network Resources 15
15
FEATURES OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY Fully Integrated Security Easy Administration using Group Policy Scalable to any Size Network Flexible NEW FEATURES IN ACTIVE DIRECTORY 2003 Rename Computer Name and Domain Names Cross-Forest Trust Relationship Site-To-Site Replication is Faster
16
16
How Directory Service Evolved
Earlier we had no DATABASE Standard So ITU (International Telecommunications Union) &ISO (International Organization for Standardization) introduced X.500 Directory System Agent (DSA)
DOP
Directory Info Base (DIB) Directory Info Tree (DIT)
Directory Organization Management Protocol
Backup Server
DAP
Client (Directory User Agent)
Server
17
17
DAP & LDAP
DAP Directory Access Protocol is based on OSI Layers It was first introduced in BANYAN VINES & Database was named as STREET TALK. LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol based on TCP/IP Layer It was first Introduced in NOVELL & Database was named as NDS (Network Directory Services) 18
18
Structure of Active Directory
Logical Structure
Physical Structure
19
19
Logical Structure of Active Directory
Domain TREE Parent/Root Child/Branch Forest
20
20
Domain
Domain is a logical secure administrative boundary Creating the initial domain controller in a network also creates the domain
you cannot have a domain without
at least one domain controller. Each domain in the directory is identified by a DNS domain name.
ZOOM.COM 21
21
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