Acid Base Outline For Bb

ACID-BASE BALANCE An acid is:

Formula for carbonic acid is: H2CO3 (can break down into H20 and CO2) CO2 is considered an acid because of its relationship with carbonic acid A base is: Formula for bicarbonate is:

HCO3

pH refers to:

The ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid is:

The pH value range is:

The normal pH range of blood is: Acidosis is Below 6.8 is incompatible with life. Acidosis always causes: Alkalosis is Above 7.8 is incompatible with life. Alkalosis always causes: COMPENSATION is:

2

Partial Compensation exists when: Full Compensation exists when: No Compensation exists when:

ACID-BASE REGULATION: 1. Chemical Buffer System

2. Respiratory Regulation

3. Renal Regulation

ACID-BASE BALANCE MEASUREMENT (ABG) 1. Before performing ABG, the Allen test should be done:

3

2. ABG Normal Values: pH PaCO2 HCO3 PaO2 O2 Saturation Base Excess/ Base Deficit (BE/BD) 3. Method of determining ABG situation

TYPES OF ACID-BASE IMBALANCES: 1. Respiratory Acidosis is always caused by: a. Acute causes of respiratory acidosis

4

b. Chronic causes of respiratory acidosis

c.. Compensation in respiratory acidosis:

d. Assessment findings in respiratory acidosis: 1. Lab

2. Clinical manifestations in respiratory acidosis:

e. Interventions for respiratory acidosis:

2. Respiratory Alkalosis is always caused by: a. Examples of causes of respiratory alkalosis

b. Compensation of respiratory alkalosis

c. Assessment findings in respiratory alkalosis: 1. Labs:

2. Clinical manifestations:

5

3. Interventions for respiratory alkalosis:

3. Metabolic Acidosis is due to either an acid excess or a base deficit a. Etiology 1. Acid excess examples

2. Base deficit examples

b. Compensation in metabolic acidosis

c. Assessment findings of metabolic acidosis: 1. Lab:

6

2. Clinical Manifestations

d. Interventions for Metabolic Acidosis:

4. Metabolic Alkalosis--is due to an acid deficit or base excess) a. Causes:

b. Compensation of metabolic alkalosis

c. Assessment findings of metabolic alkalosis: 1. Lab:

2. Clinical manifestations of metabolic alkalosis:

7

d. Interventions for metabolic alkalosis: