NANOCELLULOSE Prof. M. B. Mandake, Adeeb Parkar, Ashwini Patil, Surekha Kolekar
ABSTRACT With the emergence and development of nanotechnology, cellulose, the most ancient and important natural polymer on earth revives and attracts more attention in the new form of “nanocellulose” to be used as novel and advanced material. Nanocellulose is described as the products or extracts from native cellulose (found in plants, animals, and bacteria) composed of the nanoscaled structure material. Recently, nanocellulose and its applications gain high attraction in both research and industrial areas due to its attractive properties such as excellent mechanical properties of low weight, high strength, high stiffness, and preferred thermal resistance and carbon neutrality, high surface area, rich hydroxyl groups for modification, and natural properties with 100% environmental friendliness. Nanocellulose is broadly classified as: 1. Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) known as Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) 2. Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC or CNC) also called as nanocellulose whisker 3. Bacterial nanocellulose also referred as microbial cellulose The classifications are primarily based on the structure of the nanocellulose. The nanocellulose materials are biodegradable, renewable, recyclable, environmental friendly and abundant availability nearly everywhere in the world which provides better approach to sustainable development and environment conservation. Applying the mechanical or chemical techniques, cellulosic materials are transformed into cellulose nanofibres (CNFs) and even cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). These CNFs and CNCs exhibit excellent capabilities in comparison with native cellulose. Nowadays, nanocellulose is being used in a variety of practical applications such as product packaging, papers as well as paperboard, food sector, healthcare, hygiene products, paints, skin care products and sensors.
Keywords: Cellulose, Nanocellulose, Microfibrillated cellulose, Nanocrystalline cellulose, Microbial cellulose, properties and applications