Abstract-deflouridation Of Ground Water Using Aluminum Impregnated Rice Husk.docx

De fluoridation of Ground Water Using Impregnated Aluminum Muhammad Awais1 1 2 3

Syeda Saman Zehra Zaidi2

Khadija Qureshi3

Department of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering

Abstract:

Groundwater is an important source of drinking water and it is estimated that more

than 200 million people worldwide are drinking groundwater with fluoride concentrations greater than the WHO guideline value of 1.5 mg/L. The majority of these cases occur in the developing world. fluoride has long been found to have a beneficial effect on dental health, although when present in drinking water at concentrations much above the WHO guideline value (and national drinking water limit for most countries) of 1.5 mg/L, long term use can result in development of dental fluorosis or at its worst, crippling skeletal fluorosis. The effects on health depend on a number of factors including dose from other sources of fluoride (toothpastes, food), age, gender and general health status. Adsorption is the bond of molecules species from bulk solution for a surface of of a solid by physical or chemical forces. Adsorption procedures include the water’s entry through a contact bed where fluoride is removed by ion exchange or surface chemical reaction with the solid bed matrix. The most regularly utilized adsorbents are activated alumina and activated carbon. The fluoride removing efficiency of activated alumina gets influenced by hardness, pH and surface loading (the ratio of total fluoride concentration to activated alumina dosage). The adsorption procedure can remove fluoride up to 90% and the treatment is exceptionally practical. Regeneration is needed after at regular intervals of 4–5 months. The point of interest of adsorption are given ease of operation, Adsorption procedure is worthwhile. High productivity for fluoride removal and can remove up to 90% fluoride, produce high quality water, Regeneration is conceivable.

Keywords: fluoride, health, fluorosis, Adsorption Aluminum