Aal Theke Alo

fvi‡ZiQvÎ QvΆdWv‡ikb †dWv‡ikb **hv`ecy hv`ecyii wek¦ wek¦wwe`¨vjq e`¨vjq AvÂwjK AvÂwjK KwgwU KwgwU fvi‡Zi industry agriculture labour land landloser capital market peasant tata salim police service skill production crop sali cultivate mono car welding landless wage bargadar acre suna social mile singur hooghly cpm anashan profit incentive award solatium interest banking hospital automobile wbidc left front revolution complex lexus reform resource poverty earning media state village feed study trade inflation gdp enterprise economy stipulation region construction asia finance sector dynamic replace active nation advantage forestry account aquaculture increase newspaper transparent registration renewal stable developement international textile metro contract lease project cash factory operation housing school ancilliary generation choice field kharagpur cement titan invest power manage committee panchayat province zone bihar difficult resistance settle legal domestic training machine catering stipend consent small industry agriculture labour land landloser capital market peasant tata salim police service skill production crop sali cultivate mono car welding landless wage bargadar acre suna social mile singur hooghly wbidc cpm anashan profit incentive award solatium interest banking hospital automobile left front revolution complex lexus reform resource poverty earning media state village feed study trade inflation gdp enterprise economy stipulation region construction asia finance sector dynamic replace active nation advantage forestry account aquaculture increase newspaper transparent registration renewal stable developement international textile metro contract lease project cash factory operation housing school ancilliary generation choice field kharagpur cement titan invest power manage committee panchayat province zone bihar difficult resistance settle legal domestic training machine catering stipend consent small industry agriculture labour land landloser capital market peasant tata salim police service skill production crop sali cultivate mono car welding landless wage bargadar acre suna social mile singur hooghly cpm anashan profit incentive award solatium interest banking hospital automobile wbidc left front revolution complex lexus reform resource poverty earning media state village feed study trade inflation gdp enterprise economy stipulation region construction asia finance sector dynamic replace active nation advantage forestry account aquaculture increase newspaper transparent

Avj †_‡K Av‡jv K…wl, wkí ... fwel¨r| wKQy fvebv

Avj †_‡K Av‡jv

wZb UvKv

fvi‡Zi QvÎ †dWv‡ikb *hv`ecyi wek¦we`¨vjq AvÂwjK KwgwU

Once

GB

thrown into competition, landed property obeys the laws of competition, like every other commodity subjected to competition. It begins to fluctuate, to decrease or to increase, to fly from one hand to another; and no law can keep it any longer in a few predestined hands. The immediate consequence is the splittingup of the land amongst many hands, and in any case subjection to the power of industrial capitals.

c„w_exi cÖvK…wZK cÖwZeÜKZv‡K AwZµg K‡i hvIqvi jovBUv gvby‡li wPišÍb| cÖ_g †hw`b gvwU wP‡i dmj dwj‡q‡Q gvbyl, ZLb †_‡K ïi“| K¨vwj‡dvwb©qv †_‡K KjKvZv, GLb GK nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq| †MvUv c„w_exB GKUv ÔMÖvgÕ| Avi GB MÖv‡gi gvwU ? fwel¨r ? cÖwZw`b `Lj K‡i wb‡”Q AvR‡Ki mg‡qi wek¦ cyuwRev‡`i wbqš¿K, weivU me K‡c©v‡ikb| †MvUv wek¦gq K…wli Drcv`b, wecYb‡K wbqš¿Y Ki‡Q Giv| c„w_ex Ry‡o hZ Lv`¨km¨ Karl Marx Avg`vwb-ißvwb nq, Zvi 85% wbqš¿Y K‡i 6wU e„nr Economic and Philosophical K‡c©v‡ikb|

Manuscript, 1844

Avj †_‡K Av‡jv

Cargill (USA), Continental (USA), Mitsui / Cook (Japan), Louis Dreyfus (France); Andre / Garnae (Switzerland), Burnge and Born (Brazil).

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fvi‡Zi QvÎ †dWv‡ikb *hv`ecyi wek¦we`¨vjq AvÂwjK KwgwU

project-Gi euva ˆZix Ki‡Z wM‡q RwgPz¨Z n‡q‡Qb 40

j¶ gvbyl| huv‡`i 80%B †Kvb ¶wZc~iY ev cybe©vm‡bi gyL †`‡Lbwb| D`vi A_©bxwZi 15 eQi †cwi‡q Avgv‡`i †`‡ki Lwb, b`x, ebm¤ú`, K…wlRwg meB `Lj K‡i wb‡”Q e„nr cyuwR| SvoL‡Û b`x weµx n‡”Q VvÊv cvbxq ˆZixi †Kv¤úvwbi Kv‡Q| gy¤^vB msjMœ ivBMo †Rjvi wmKwi‡Z wijv‡qÝ †h Rwg wb‡”Q (35,000 GKi) Zvi ¶wZc~iY wn‡m‡e w`‡”Q Rwgi evRvi g~‡j¨i Qq fv‡Mi GK fvM| †mLvbKvi ÔGKwfiv Rwgb euvPvI Av‡›`vj‡biÕ †bZv weµg evM‡f ej‡Qb †h Zuviv 13Uv euva, cy‡b G·‡cÖmI‡q I †c‡Uªvj cvBcjvB‡bi Rb¨ BwZg‡a¨B cÖPzi Rwg w`‡q‡Qb, Avi KZ ? Avi gnviv‡óªi miKvi? bxie `k©K| K…lK‡`i †V‡j w`‡q‡Qb wijv‡qÝ bvgK e„nr cÖwZôv‡bi gy‡L| SvR‡ii K…lKiv PvB‡Q SEZ (Special Economic Zone)-Gi Rb¨ Zuv‡`i Rwg weµx K‡i w`‡Z| KviY Zv‡`i Avw_©K-mvgvwRK wbicËvi wel‡q, K…wl wecYb †_‡K ïi“ K‡i Lv`¨ km¨ msMÖ‡ni cÖ‡kœ miKvi GZUvB D`vmxb †h Zuviv Avi RwgB ivL‡Z PvB‡Qb bv K…wli Rb¨| 2000 mv‡j †K›`ªxq gš¿x gy‡ivmwj gvivb SEZ msµvšÍ †h AvB‡bi cÖ¯Íve iPbv K‡ib (UPA-I cÖv_ wgKfv‡e †mB AvBbB ˆZix K‡iwQj) Zvi `y‡Uv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© w`K D‡j¬­L Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| cÖ_gZ, Zv‡Z ejv nq †h SEZGi Rb¨ Rwg wPwýZ n‡q †M‡j, Zvici ivR¨ miKv‡ii Avi †Kvb f~wgKv _vK‡e bv| A_©vr Rwgi ¶wZc~iY, cybe©vmb †_‡K ïi“ K‡i meB †K›`ªxq gš¿‡Ki Kzw¶MZ n‡e| wØZxqZ, SEZ-i †¶‡Î iv‡R¨i ˆZix Kiv †Kvb AvBbB (cÖavbZ kÖg AvBb) cÖ‡hvR¨ bq| e„nr cyuwRi ¯^v‡_© hy³ivóªxq e¨e¯’v‡K Le© K‡i, kÖwg‡Ki MYZvwš¿K AwaKvi †K‡o wb‡q ˆZix nw”Qj Special Economic Zone msµvšÍ AvBb| †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii cwiPvjbvq Ñ e„nr cyuwRi gybvdvi Rb¨| †MvUv c„w_exi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`, gvbe m¤ú‡`i gvwjK n‡e e„nr cyuwRcwZiv| GB D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡LB cÖPvwiZ n‡qwQj Liberalisation, Privatisation, Globalisation-Gi ZË¡, ejv n‡qwQj G Qvov Avi †Kvb weKí †bB c„w_exi mvg‡b| 3

Avj †_‡K Av‡jv

†mvwf‡qZ ivwkqvi fvOb I c~e© BD‡iv‡ci mgvRZ‡š¿i wech©‡qi NUbv GB ZË¡‡K cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z mnvqK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| AvR †mvwf‡q‡Zi bv _vKvi 15 eQi †cwi‡q wek¦ ivRbxwZi fvimvg¨ GLbI mvgªvR¨ev‡`i w`‡KB Szu‡K Av‡Q| †mvwf‡qZ ivwkqvi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z, AvaywbK Drcv`b e¨e¯’vi weKv‡ki Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖhyw³i †ekxifvMUvB AvšÍR©vwZK cyuwRi Kzw¶MZ _vKvq mgvRZvwš¿K †`k¸‡jv‡ZI we‡`kx cyuwR‡K †W‡K Avb‡Z n‡”Q| mvgwiK kw³i w`K †_‡KI mvgªvR¨ev` eû¸Y kw³kvjx nIqvq Drcv`‡bi AMÖMwZi ¯^v‡_© mgvRZvwš¿K †`k¸‡jv‡K ev‡R‡Ui GKUv eo Ask e¨q Ki‡Z nq mvgwiK I cÖwZi¶v Lv‡Z| †MvUv jvwZb Av‡gwiKv Ry‡o weMZ K‡qK eQ‡i mvgªvR¨ev` we‡ivwaZvi nvZ a‡iB ˆZix n‡q‡Q AmsL¨ evgcš’x miKvi| wKš‘ GUv fy‡j †M‡j Pj‡e bv †h Giv †ekxifvMB Ôms¯‹vicš’xÕ| †f‡bRy‡qjvi D‡Mv mv‡fR †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb †h ÔmgvRZš¿Õ-B Zuvi j¶¨| f~wg ms¯‹v‡ii Kg©m~Px wb‡q‡Qb| †MvUv †f‡bRy‡qjv Ry‡o †h AmsL¨ Rwg `Lj K‡i †i‡LwQj we‡k¦i wewfbœ eûRvwZK ms¯’v, Zuv‡`i Dchy³ `vg w`‡q wK‡b wb‡”Qb †mB Rwg| Rwg ev‡Rqvß Ki‡Qb bv †Kb ? mvgªvR¨ev‡`i mv‡_ mg‡SvZv Ki‡Qb? nu¨v, Ki‡Z n‡”Q| AvšÍR©vwZK I wb‡Ri †`‡ki ivR‰bwZK fvimv‡g¨i K_v gv_vq †i‡LB| Avi Zvi mv‡_ mv‡_ e„nr cyuwRi mv‡_ `iKlvKwli (Bargain) gva¨‡g h_vm¤¢e †Póv Ki‡Qb RbM‡Yi c‡¶i GKUv A_©bxwZ‡K cwiPvwjZ Ki‡Z| GUv wbðq †KDB A¯^xKvi Ki‡eb bv †h wec¬ex Av‡›`vj‡b `iKlvKwl (Bargain) GKUv HwZnvwmKfv‡e ¯^xK…Z cš’v| 1991 mvj †_‡K fviZe‡l©i A_©bxwZ‡KI Ly‡j †`Iqv n‡q‡Q mvgªvR¨ev`x jy‡Vi Kv‡Q| K…wl, wkí, ¯^v¯’¨, wk¶v mg¯Í †¶Î‡KB| K…wl †¶‡Î fZz©wK n«vm †c‡q‡Q| WTO wb‡`©wkZ c‡_B MÖvgxY †¶‡Î e¨v¼¸‡jvi FY `vb K‡g‡Q| AmsL¨ K…wlc‡Y¨i evRvi we‡`kx cyuwRi Kv‡Q Ly‡j †`Iqvq K…lKiv evRv‡i `vg cv‡”Qb bv| 1990 mv‡j MÖvgxY e¨v¼ wQj 58.2%, 2000 mv‡j Zv K‡g `uvovq 48.9%| AmsL¨ 4

fvi‡Zi QvÎ †dWv‡ikb *hv`ecyi wek¦we`¨vjq AvÂwjK KwgwU

†QvU KviLvbv eÜ n‡q‡Q| msKzwPZ n‡q‡Q MYeÈb e¨e¯’v (Public Distribution System)| BALCO-i gZ jvfRbK ms¯’vi †kqvi Zz‡j †`Iqv n‡q‡Q †emiKvix nv‡Z| 90Gi `k‡Ki ïi“ †_‡K GB `k‡Ki cÖ_gva© ch©¨šÍ †eKvix 5.2% †_‡K †e‡o n‡q‡Q 9%| Avi GB Ae¯’vq `uvwo‡q fviZe‡l©i MYAv‡›`vj‡bi, evgcš’x Av‡›`vj‡bi †PnvivUv wK? fviZe‡l©i evgcš’x Av‡›`vj‡bi weKvk †h Amg †mB wel‡q wbðq Kv‡iv †Kvb m‡›`n †bB| fviZe‡l©i †gvU kÖwg‡Ki 10%-GiI Kg †UªW BDwbq‡bi mv‡_ hy³| Avi Gi g‡a¨ GKUv eo Ask GLbI `w¶Ycš’x †UªW BDwbqb Av‡›`vjb K‡ib| GB Ae¯’vq, mvgªvR¨ev‡`i wei“‡× cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Av‡›`vj‡bi A½ wn‡m‡eB mvgªvR¨ev`x cyuwRi mv‡_ `iKlvKwlI (Bargain) evgcš’x Av‡›`vj‡bi Aek¨ KiYxq KZ©e¨| AmsL¨ †UªW BDwbqb, K…lK msMVb, MYmsMVb Zv‡`i cÖwZw`bKvi Av‡›`vj‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡q GB KvR Ki‡Qb| GgbwK msm‡` evgcš’x mvsm`ivI GB cÖwµqvi Askx`vi| SEZ-Gi AvBb msµvšÍ †h `y‡Uv welq Avgiv Av‡M D‡j¬­L K‡iwQ, evgcš’x mvsm`‡`i `vex‡ZB †mB `y‡Uv e³e¨ cwiewZ©Z nq| eZ©gvb AvB‡b SEZ ˆZix Kiv wel‡q †K›`ªxq miKvi‡K ivR¨ miKvi‡K Consult K‡iB G‡Mv‡Z n‡e| wØZxqZ, iv‡R¨i wewfbœ AvBb (kÖg AvBbmn) cÖ‡qvM Kivi AwaKvi _vK‡e| SEZ-i KvVv‡gv wb‡qI we‡iva i‡q‡Q| †K›`ªxq miKvi ej‡Qb SEZ-Gi 25%-G n‡e wkí Avi evKxUv gvwj‡Ki h‡_”Q e¨env‡ii Rb¨ †Q‡o †`Iqv n‡e| Avi evgcš’xiv ej‡Qb 50%-G n‡e wkí 25%-G wk‡íi mnvqK cwiKvVv‡gv Avi evKx 25% gvwj‡Ki B”Qv Abyhvqx e¨eüZ n‡e| we‡`kx cyuwRi AbycÖ‡e‡ki †¶‡Î wZbwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© kZ© evgcš’xiv Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb (Aeva jyɇb cÖe„Ë AvšÍR©vwZK cyuwRi Ici GB kZ© Pvcv‡bvUvB Bargaining)| cÖ_gZ, we‡`kx wewb‡qvM‡K n‡Z n‡e Drcv`bgyLx| GB kZvãxi ïi“‡Z †MvUv c„w_exgq Ny‡i †eov‡bv cyuwRi g‡a¨ 400 wUªwjqb Wjvi n‡”Q Finance Capital| A_©vr GB cyuwR †Kvb 5

Avj †_‡K Av‡jv

Drcv`‡b e¨eüZ nq bv| Avi Drcv`bgyLx AvšÍR©vwZK cyuwRi cwigvY gvÎ 7 wUªwjqb Wjvi| AvšÍR©vwZK cyuwR Avm‡j Drcv`‡bi †_‡KI †kqvi µq-weµq, Bbmy¨‡iÝ, e¨vw¼s-i †¶‡Î wewb‡qv‡M †ekx g‡bv‡hvMx| Lye ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB GB cyuwR Kg©ms¯’vb-Gi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| AvR‡Ki mg‡q `uvwo‡q wek¦vqb‡K ejv n‡”Q GB wek¦vqb Avm‡j ÔKg©Pz¨wZÕi wek¦vqb| mg¯Í Z…Zxq we‡k¦i †`k, hviv wek¦vq‡bi c‡_ nuvU‡Q, cÖej †eKvi mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb| ZvB, evgcš’x‡`i e³e¨, we‡`kx cyuwR‡K Aek¨B Kg©ms¯’vb Ki‡Z n‡e| Ges, †h cyuwR Avm‡e, Zv Avgv‡`i †`‡ki Drcv`bkxjZv‡K e„w× Ki‡e I DbœZ cÖhyw³i Avg`vwb NUv‡e| wek¦ cyuwRev` hLb wdbvÝ gyLx (Drcv`bgyLx bq), hLb wek¦vqb †MvUv c„w_exgq evwo‡q Zzj‡Q †eKvix, hLb c„w_exi mg¯Í cÖhyw³ Kzw¶MZ Ki‡Q mvgªvR¨ev`x kw³, †mB mg‡q `uvwo‡q GB wZb‡U `vexB kÖwgK-K…lK, mvaviY gvby‡li c‡¶i| wek¦vwqZ cyuwR‡K GB `vex gvbv‡Z Pj‡Q mg¯Í evgcš’x kw³i A_©‰bwZK I ivR‰bwZK `y‡Uv †¶‡Îi msMÖvg| wewfbœ A½iv‡R¨ _vKv evgcš’x miKvi¸‡jvI GB msMÖv‡gi evB‡i bq| evgd«›U miKvi¸‡jv GB wZbwU k‡Z©i mv‡c‡¶B cyuwR wewb‡qv‡Mi iv¯Ív wbav©wiZ Ki‡Q| RbM‡Yi c‡¶B|

6

fvi‡Zi QvÎ †dWv‡ikb *hv`ecyi wek¦we`¨vjq AvÂwjK KwgwU

The

indispensable condition for a tolerable situation of the worker is, therefore, the fastest possible growth of productive capital.

cwðge½

`xN©w`b Lv‡`¨ NvUwZ _vKv iv‡R¨i g‡a¨ wQj| †mLvb †_‡K AvR Pvj Drcv`‡b GB ivR¨ DØ„Ë| kvK-mwâ, dj I grm¨ Pv‡l fviZe‡l©i g‡a¨ cÖ_g| GB cwieZ©‡bi †cQ‡b Av‡Q f~wg ms¯‹v‡ii Kg©m~Pxi ev¯Íevqb I K…wl †¶‡Î mnvqZv I cÂv‡q‡Zi gva¨‡g ¶gZvi we‡K›`ªxKiY| 1977 mv‡j evgd«›U miKvi cÖwZwôZ nIqvi ci 13.7 j¶ GKi Rwg AwaM„nxZ nq| Zvi g‡a¨ 10.4 j¶ GKi Rwg K…lK‡`i g‡a¨ weZiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| 25 j¶ f~wgnxb I cÖvwšÍK Pvlxi Karl Marx cwievi GB Rwgi gvwjKvbv †c‡q‡Qb| 4.25 j¶ cvÆv Wage Labour and Capital

Avj †_‡K Av‡jv

wewj Kiv n‡q‡Q †hŠ_ ev ïaygvÎ gwnjv‡`i bv‡g| Ges 15 j¶ eM©v`v‡ii bvg bw_fy³ n‡q‡Q| Zvi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q‡Q ¶gZvi we‡K›`ªxKiY, cÂv‡q‡Zi gva¨‡g| Rwgi gvwjKvbvi GB cwieZ©‡bi d‡j †e‡o‡Q Drcv`b| dmj djv‡Z Drmvn †c‡q‡Q K…lK| †e‡o‡Q Avq| Ges cwðgevsjvi MÖv‡g cÖvq 18 nvRvi †KvwU UvKvi GK weivU evRvi ˆZix n‡q‡Q| weMZ 15 eQi a‡i †K‡›`ªi miKvi¸wj D`vi A_©bxwZi c_ a‡i nuvU‡Q| GB Avw_©K ms¯‹v‡ii Pv‡ci g‡a¨B GZ`~i GwM‡q‡Q GB ivR¨| 1974 mv‡j MÖv‡gi `vwi`¨ªmxgvi bx‡P _vKv †jv‡Ki msL¨v wQj 63.2%| 1997 mv‡j hv K‡g `uvovq 26.3%-G| bqv D`vi A_©bxwZi †`o `kK †cwi‡q AvR cwðgevsjvi MÖvgxY A_©bxwZi mvg‡b bZzb P¨v‡jÄ G‡m‡Q| MÖvgxY RbmsL¨v evo‡Q, wKš‘ Rwg †Zv evo‡Q bv| cÖvq 73 j¶ Pv‡li mv‡_ hy³ gvbyl Av‡Qb, huviv †LZgRyi| Avi G‡`i g‡a¨ weZiY Kivi Rb¨ Rwgi cwigvbI †ekx †bB| 80-i `k‡K Kg©w`em I †LZgRy‡ii gRyix e„w× †c‡jI 90-i `kK †_‡K w¯’Zve¯’v ˆZix n‡q‡Q| Õ99-2001 Gi g‡a¨ 12.3% gvbyl K…wl KvR †Q‡o AK…wl Kv‡Ri mv‡_ hy³ n‡q‡Qb| GgbwK †LZgRy‡ii GKUv eo AskB eQ‡i 180 w`b KvR cvb bv| Pv‡li LiP w`b w`b e„w× cvIqvq, I evRv‡i cÖwZ‡hvwMZv µgvMZ e„w× cvIqvq cÖvwšÍK I gvSvwi K…l‡Ki Avq Kg‡Z eva¨| D`vixKi‡bi bxwZi d‡jB e¨vw¼s e¨e¯’v `ye©j n‡”Q MÖv‡g; mg¯Í e¨v¼B GLb knigyLx| K…wl, KzUxi wkí I ¶z`ª wk‡í FY †`Iqvi cÖKíI cÖwZw`b Kg‡Q| Credit-deposit ratio 1980

30.7%

1990

56.9%

2000

24.0%

8

fvi‡Zi QvÎ †dWv‡ikb *hv`ecyi wek¦we`¨vjq AvÂwjK KwgwU

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of human society is conditioned by the development of material forces, the productive forces.” (V.I. Lenin, Collected Works, Vol. 2, Progress Pusblishers, Moscow, 1963, p. 21)

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10

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In

countries like Russia the working class suffers not so much from capitalism as from the insufficient development of capitalism. The working class is, therefore, most certainly interested in the broadest, freest, and most rapid development of capitalism.

wm½y‡i

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fvi‡Zi QvÎ †dWv‡ikb *hv`ecyi wek¦we`¨vjq AvÂwjK KwgwU

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15

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DËice©

1.

wkívq‡bi Rb¨ eÜ n‡q hvIqv wk‡íi Rwg ev Abvev`x Rwg bv wb‡q Pv‡li Rwg †Kb ?

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fvi‡Zi QvÎ †dWv‡ikb *hv`ecyi wek¦we`¨vjq AvÂwjK KwgwU

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17

Avj †_‡K Av‡jv

2. cÖvB‡fU †m±‡i KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q K…l‡Ki wbivcËv K‡g hv‡e bv ? Pvlxi Pvl K‡i wbe©vn Kiv Rxeb †h `vi“Y wbivc` wQj GgbUv g‡b Kivi †Kvb KviY †bB| Pvlxi Avq KLbIB Zvi Rwg‡Z KZ dmj djj Zvi m‡½ mgvbycvwZK bq| Pvlxi Avq fxlYfv‡eB wbf©i K‡i _v‡K evRv‡i H dm‡ji Pvwn`vi Dci| AvR hw` fviZe‡l©i me Pvj we‡`k †_‡K Av‡m Z‡e G‡`‡ki me avbPvlx cÖPzi djb m‡Ë¡I bv L‡q gviv hv‡e| ZvB GKRb K…lK h‡_ó wbivcËvi Afv‡ei g‡a¨B Rxeb hvcb K‡ib| eis GKRb KviLvbvi kªwgK fviZe‡l©i kªg AvB‡bi AvIZvfy³ nIqvi Kvi‡Y Zvi wbivcËv wKQyUv n‡jI Av‡Q| m‡½ Av‡Q mviv eQi KvR Kivi my‡hvM| GKRb K…lK GLv‡b eQ‡i 130 w`‡bi †ekx KvR cvb bv, †mLv‡b GKRb kªwg‡Ki eQ‡i 365 w`b Kg©ms¯’vb †Zv wbivcËv e„w×iB wb‡`©kK| Zvi †_‡K eo K_v AmsL¨ ivóªvqË¡ ms¯’v hv †K›`ªxq bxwZi d‡j eÜ n‡q †M‡Q Zvi kªwgK-Kg©PvixivI †Zv †f‡ewQ‡jb †h Zv‡`i RxweKv wbwðZ| kªwg‡Ki fwel¨‡Zi wbðqZv Ab¨ A‡bKwKQyi cvkvcvwk Zuvi ivR‰bwZK-mvsMVwbK kw³i Ici wbf©i K‡i| †Kvb A_©‰bwZK Pyw³B GB wbðqZv w`‡Z cv‡i bv|

3. K…wl Rwg wb‡j Lv`¨ msKU n‡e bv †Zv ? wm½y‡i †h cwigvY K…wlRwg †bIqv n‡q‡Q, Zvi g~j Drcv`b wQj avb| Ges avb Drcv`‡b ûMjx †Rjvi Mo cwðge‡½i M‡oi †_‡K †ek wKQyUv Dc‡i| d‡j Lv`¨ msK‡Ui cÖkœ Av‡m bv| wØZxqZ, cwðge‡½ †gvU Pvl‡hvM¨ Rwgi cwigvY cÖvq 3 †KvwU 30 j¶ GKi| †mLv‡b GB Rwgi gvc 997.11 GKi, hvi g‡a¨ 91% Rwg GKdmjx| d‡j Lv`¨ msKU †`Lv 18

fvi‡Zi QvÎ †dWv‡ikb *hv`ecyi wek¦we`¨vjq AvÂwjK KwgwU

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4. UvUv †gvU‡i skilled labour Qvov †KD PvKwi cv‡e bv, Z‡e mvaviY Pvlx‡`i wK n‡e ? Skilled labour gvby‡li †Kvb ÒCk¦icÖ`ËÓ ¶gZv bq, Unskilled labour-ivB cÖwk¶Y cÖvß n‡q skilled labour-

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5. Ab¨vb¨ iv‡R¨i Zzjbvq GLv‡b TATA-†K GZ †ekx Rwg †`Iqv n‡”Q †Kb ? Ab¨vb¨ ivR¨ ej‡Z Avgiv Maruti I Pune-†Z Tata-i `ywU KviLvbvi K_v fve‡Z cvwi| †mB `ywU RvqMv‡ZB †h Rwg †bIqv n‡q‡Q Zvi cy‡ivUv Ry‡oB KviLvbv Ges Pune†Z mvgvb¨ wKQy Kg©Pvix‡`i nvDwms Av‡Q| wKš‘ GLv‡b hv ˆZix n‡”Q, Zv nj ÒAutomobile ComplexÓ| A_©vr ïay Mvwo ˆZix bq, Zvi mg¯Í hš¿vsk I Ab¨vb¨ Abymvix `ªe¨I GLv‡bB ˆZix n‡e Ges Zvi m‡½ m‡½ evwo, nvmcvZvj, ¯‹zj, evRvi mewKQyB GLv‡b ˆZix n‡e, d‡j ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB †ekx cwigvY Rwg jvM‡e|

6. e„nr wk‡íi cvkvcvwk miKvi †QvU wkí‡KI wK mgvb ¸i“Z¡ w`‡”Q ? GUv LyeB mwZ¨ K_v †h, e„nr wk‡íi Zzjbvq cÖPzi msL¨K ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wk‡íi Kg©ms¯’vb Kivi ¶gZv A‡bK †ekx| Ges cwðge½ miKv‡ii `„wó I wkíbxwZi AwfgyLI wQj †mB w`‡KB| 1991 †_‡K 2005 mv‡ji g‡a¨ miKvi 1218wU ¶z`ª wkí I gvSvwi wkí cÖwZôvb M‡o Zz‡j‡Q| hv‡Z LiP n‡q‡Q cÖvq 29,195 †KvwU UvKv| fviZe‡l©i g‡a¨ cwðge½B GKgvÎ ivR¨ †hLv‡b ¶z`ª wkí I gvSvwi wkí‡K ISO ¯^xK…wZ cvIqvi me Li‡Pi m‡½ m‡½ Drcv`‡bi 50% LiPI miKvi enb K‡i, hvi DaŸ©mxgv 5 j¶ UvKv| †hLv‡b ivR¯’vb, ¸RivU, gnvivóª, KY©vUK, AÜ«cÖ‡`k me©ÎB GB DaŸ©mxgv nj 2 j¶ UvKv| d‡j GB Z_¨ †_‡K GUzKz cwi®‹vi n‡q hvq †h cwðge½ miKvi e„nr wk‡íi cvkvcvwk ¶z`ª wk‡íi w`‡KI cÖ‡qvRbxq bRi w`‡Z m‡PZb|

20

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7. †¶ZgRyi hw` cwiPvi‡Ki KvR K‡i Zvn‡j Zvi wK gh©v`v Kg‡e bv ? GKRb †¶ZgRyi Lye †ekx n‡j eQ‡i 130 w`b KvR K‡ib| wbw`©ófv‡e wm½y‡i mswk­ó KviLvbvi Rwg‡Z †¶ZgRyi 1224 Rb (cÖvwšÍK Ask ev` w`‡q) Avi AK…wl gRyi 1034 Rb (huviv mviv eQi KvR cvb bv)| Lye ¯^vfvweK fv‡eB GKRb †¶ZgRyi‡KI eQ‡ii Ab¨vb¨ mg‡q AK…wlKv‡Ri mv‡_ hy³ n‡Z nq| wbw`©ó IB cuvP †gŠRvi 221 Rb gwnjv cwiPvwiKvi KvR K‡ib| KjKvZv kn‡i cÖwZw`b AmsL¨ K…lK cwiev‡ii cyi“l, gwnjviv Av‡mb bvbv ai‡bi KvR Ki‡Z| Zvi g‡a¨ A‡b‡KB cwiPvi‡Ki KvRI K‡ib| Zuv‡`i Kv‡Q RxweKvi cÖkœwUB cÖavb| Avi `yf©vM¨RbK n‡jI mwZ¨ †h GB mgv‡R GLbI A_©‰bwZK DbœwZB mvgvwRK gh©v`v e„w×i Ab¨Zg kZ© n‡q Av‡Q|

8. GK mgq evgcš’xiv ej‡Zb ÔjvOj hvi, Rwg ZviÕ, Avi GLb cyuwRi nv‡Z K…l‡Ki Rwg Zz‡j w`‡”Qb| GUv wK wØPvwiZv bq ? f~wgnxb K…l‡Ki g‡a¨ Rwgi weZib gv‡b Zuv‡K Rwgi gvwjK K‡i †Zvjv| A_©vr f~wg ms¯‹v‡ii Kg©m~PxI Avm‡j cyuwRev`x ms¯‹vi| Gi g‡a¨ mgvRZvwš¿K Dcv`vb Kviv Lyu‡R cvb, Avgv‡`i Rvbv †bB| Ges GLb †h wkívq‡bi K_v cwðge‡½ n‡”Q ZvI Pwi‡Îi w`K †_‡K cyuwRev`x ms¯‹viB| Avm‡j `y‡UvB cyuwRev‡`i weKv‡ki wfbœ `y‡Uv †Pnviv| GLb cÖkœ n‡”Q evgcš’x miKvi †Kb cyuwRev`x ms¯‹vi Ki‡e| eZ©gvb ey‡R©vqvRwg`vi iv‡óªi DrLvZ nIqvi Av‡M ch©šÍ (Ges A‡bK †¶‡Î c‡iI) G ms¯‹vi Kg©m~Px wec¬ex Kg©m~PxiB A½| “Before the victory of the proletariat, reforms are a by-product of revolutionary class struggle. After the victory(while still remaining a by-product on an international scale),

21

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they are, in addition for the country in which victory has been achieved, a necessary & legitimate breathing space when, after the utmost exertion of effort, it becomes obvious that sufficient strength is lacking for the revolutionary accomplishment of some transition or another”. (V. I. Lenin, Collected Works, Vol. 33, p. 116)

9. †KD hw` cÖvß A_© A¯^xKvi K‡i, Rwg w`‡Z bv Pvq ? Rwg w`‡Z bv PvIqvi `yÕ†Uv KviY wePvi Kiv hvq| cÖ_gZ, Rwgi m¤úwËi Ici AwaKv‡ii cÖkœ hvi mv‡_ hy³ Avw_©K wbivcËvI Avi wØZxqwU n‡”Q Rwg I Zvi cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ hy³ Av‡eM| mf¨Zvi weKv‡ki mv‡_ m¤úwËMZ m¤ú‡K©i cwieZ©b NU‡eB, BwZnvm ZvB e‡j| eZ©gvb mg‡q `uvwo‡q †QvU Rwgi gvwjK I Pvlxiv e„nr Rwgi gvwjK I e„nr cyuwRi (wkí) Øviv †kvwlZ| Ges evRvi A_©bxwZi cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi wbq‡gB †QvU Rwg eo Rwg‡Z, †QvU wkí eo wk‡íi Kv‡Q ek¨Zv ¯^xKvi Ki‡Q| Ges mvavibZ Rwgi Ici KZ…©Z¡ Kv‡qg Ki‡Q wkí cyuwR| GB mg‡q `uvwo‡q hw` miKvi D‡`¨vM †bq e„nr cyuwRi AvMÖvmb †_‡K K…lK‡K i¶v Kivi Ges wbw`©ó cwiKíbvi gva¨‡g hw` K…l‡Ki fwel¨r‡K wKQyUv mywbwðZ Kivi D‡`¨vM †bq Zv‡Z Amywe‡a †Kv_vq ? GB cwiw¯’wZ hw` K…lK‡K †evSv‡bv hvq Zvn‡j K…l‡Ki Rwg w`‡Z A¯^xKvi Kivi K_v bq, mvavibZ| Zey we‡ivwaZv _vK‡Z cv‡i| MYZvwš¿K cÖwµqvi gva¨‡gB Zvi mgvavb Kiv m¤¢e| Ges cwðge‡½i †¶‡Î †h‡nZz cÂv‡qZ, MÖvgmfv Aewa GB MYZš¿ cÖmvwiZ ZvB GLv‡b `vwo‡q K…l‡Ki Rwg †`Iqv bv †`Iqvi cÖkœwU MYZvwš¿K cÖwµqvq mgvav Kiv m¤¢e| Avi gvby‡li m¤úwËMZ m¤ú‡K©i fwel¨Z mvgvwRK fv‡eB wba©vwiZ nq| 22

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Rwgi Drcv`bkxjZvq w¯’Zve¯’v †`Lv w`‡j Rwgi gvwjK, Pvlx Ggwb‡ZB DbœZZi Drcv`‡bi ¯^v‡_© I †ekx Av‡qi Rb¨ Rwg †e‡P †`‡e| wØZxq cÖkœwU n‡”Q Rwg I Zvi cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ hy³ gvby‡li Av‡eM| mf¨Zvi DbœwZi mv‡_ mv‡_ c„w_exi Rbweb¨vm cv‡ë‡Q| Avgv‡`i iv‡R¨i †¶‡ÎI Zv cv‡ë‡Q mvsNvwZKfv‡e| MZ K‡qK eQ‡i AmsL¨ †jvK MÖvg †_‡K knigyLx n‡q‡Qb| Ges bZzb cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ gvwb‡q †bIqvi ¶gZvI gvby‡li _v‡K| Zey hš¿Yv _vK‡e| cÖwZUv R‡b¥iB cÖme hš¿Yv _v‡K| Avi R‡b¥i mgq beRvZK I gv, `yR‡biB mgvb hZœ wb‡Z nq| ...GLb, GUvB KvR|

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fvi‡Zi QvÎ †dWv‡ikb *hv`ecyi wek¦we`¨vjq AvÂwjK KwgwU

References 1. Big Business, Poor People : The Impact of Transnational Corporations on the World’s Poor – John Madeley. 2. ‘Rural Resistance’, Cover Story, Frontline, October 20, 2006. ‘Left Impact’, Cover Story, Frontline, October 20, 2006. 3. ‘More Wheat in Private Hands’, by V. Sridhar, Frontline June 30, 2006. 4. ‘Seeds and Protests’, by Vehkitesh Ramakrishnan, Frontline, June 30, 2006. 5. ‘Food Security in Cuba’, Analytical Monthly Review, January, 2004.

6. Pxb, wf‡qZbvg, wKDev, ivwkqvi K…wlfvebv, m¤úv`bv wbg©j Kzgvi P›`ª, NBA, Rvbyqvwi, 2004| 7. Financial Liberalisation and Rural Banking in India, V.K. Ramchandran, The Marxist, Jan-Mar, 2003. 8. The Communist Manifesto, K. Marx and F. Engels, Progress Publishers.

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9. Continuity and Change in Rural West Bengal, C. K. Lieten, Sage Publications. 10. Perilious Passage : Manking and the Global Ascendency of Capital, Amiya K. Bagchi, Oxford University Press. 11. Indian Brand Equity Foundation, www.ibef.org

12. weKí wek¦vqb, RqšÍvbyR e‡›`vcva¨vq, NBA, 2005| 13. cÖwZ‡iv‡ai wek¦gqZv, mvwgi Avwgb Ñ d«v‡muvqv DZvi, NBA| 14. Economic and Philosophical Manuscript, 1844, Karl Marx, NBA. 15. Wage Labour And Capital, Karl Marx, Progress Publishers. 16. Outline of a Critique of Polictical Economy, Frederick Engels, NBA. 17. The German Ideology, K. Marx and F. Engels, Progress Publishers.

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fvi‡Zi QvÎ †dWv‡ikb *hv`ecyi wek¦we`¨vjq AvÂwjK KwgwU

18. Principles of Communism, F. Engels, Progress Publishers. 19. Two Tactics of Social Democracy in the Democratic Revolution, V.I. Lenin, Progress Publishers. 20. Interview with Vietnam Minister of Planning and Investment, www.businessinasia.com. 21. Agrarian Relation in Cotemporary West Bengal and Tasks for the Left, S.K. Misra and V. Rawal, The Marxist, Jul-Dec, 2001. 22. On Correct Handling of the Contradiction Amongst People, Mao Ze Dong, Prajasakti Prakashani. 23. ‘WTO’s Emerging Investment Regime : Way Forward for Doha Ministerial Meeting’. EPW , Aug 18-24, 2001. 24. ‘Challenging neoliberalism’, by Venkitesh Ramakrishnan, Frontline, June 30, 2006. 25. http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/12/09/ stories/2005120903350200.htm

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26. www.tata.com/tata_motors/media/20060519.htm 27. Panchayati Raj and Poverty Alleviation in West Bengal : Summary of Research Findings Pranab Bardhan and Dilip Mookherjee, December, 2005. 28. Agrarian Reform & Land Markets: A Study of Land Transactions in Two Villages of West Bengal, 19771995. Vikas Rawal. 29. Importance of feed resources for livestock production improvement in India, P. S. Pathak . 30. Status Report On Singur, Published by WBIDC.

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Avj †_‡K Av‡jv

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