A Safer World

A Safer World : Safety and Security Case Study : Malaysia Muhamad Fajrin Rasyid (Indonesia) Rachakon Jaruwongpan (Thailand) Azizah Che Omar (Malaysia) Chindavanh Vilivong (Laos)

OUTLINE

• • • • •

Introduction of Malaysia Safety in Malaysia Security problem in Malaysia Cause and solution of the problem Conclusion

Chapter 1

INTROD UCT ION OF MA L AYSI A

Introduction of Malaysia

• A country in South East Asia which consists of thirteen states and three federal territories. • A total landmass of 329,847 square kilometers. • The capital city is Kuala Lumpur and population 25,274,133. • The country is separated into two regions— Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo. • There are main ethnic groups such as Malays, Chinese, and Indian. • Legal system: based on English common law.

Before Indepence

• Malaysia was conquered by Japanese in the Second World War from 1942 to 1945. • Later on Malaysia was colonized and protected by Great Britain during the late 18th and 19th centuries. • During British colonization, they encouraged Chinese and Indian immigration to supply labor needed for tin, rubber and other industries. • They wanted to rise as a world power and wanted to expand their control over Asia.

After Indepence

• Malaysia was independence on August 31, 1957 and was formed on 16 September 1963. • Independence was declared by the first Prime Minister Allahyarham Tunku Abdul Rahman. • Malaysia got its independence from the British in a very peaceful manner through talks. • Since Malaysia became independent, its economic and security has been improve. • Malaysia has also devoted great effort to develop the infrastructure by extensive roads, ports, airport and etc.

Chapter 2

SAF ET Y IN M AL AYSI A

Good Governance

• Malaysian Government is now lead by Prime Minister Dato' Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi who took office following the retirement of Dr. Mahathir on October 31, 2003 • Abdullah Badawi is seen as a more compromising and affable figure as opposed to Tun Dr. Mahathir's more confrontational and direct style • Abdullah Badawi is also known for focusing on Malaysia's internal security after the increase in corruptive practices, such as bribery. • He has promised to clamp down on corruption, thus empowering corruption agencies and providing more avenues for the public to expose corrupt practices.

Good Governance (Cont’d)

• Security and safety become priorities in Malaysian Government as the ability for a nation to function and prosper relies heavily on its level of both aspects • Five main concerns regarding security and safety from Malaysian Government point of view: – National Identity – Crime Prevention – Fire and Rescue – Heath Related Emergency – National Defence

Law Enforcement

• The Internal Security Act 1960 (ISA)

 ISA is a preventive detention law force in Malaysia.  It allows for the arrest of any person without the need of trial in certain defined such as the person who promote feelings of ill and hostility, excite disaffection, cause to fear, terrorism.  Preventive detention was inherited by Malaysia as part of the colonial baggage that the British left behind  Malaysia is one of the few countries in the world whose Constitution allows for preventive detention during peacetime without safeguards that elsewhere are understood to be basic requirements for protecting fundamental human rights

Law Enforcement (Cont’d)

• The Human Rights Commission of Malaysia (SUHAKAM) has recently recommended that the ISA be repealed and replaced by new comprehensive legislation that, while taking a tough stand on threats to national security (including terrorism), does not violate basic human rights

Security Organizations

• Royal Malaysian Police (RMP) or Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM) – Part of the security forces structure in Malaysia which is a centralized organization with responsibilities ranging from traffic control to intelligence gathering • Malaysian Army or Tentera Darat Malaysia (TDM) – The land component of the Malaysian Armed Forces • Royal Malaysian Navy or Tentera Laut DiRaja Malaysia (TLDM) – The naval arm of Malaysia's armed forces

Security Organizations (2)

• Royal Malaysian Air Force or Tentera Udara DiRaja Malaysia (TUDM) – Defence and Dominance of Malaysia's airspace and its territory

Chapter 3

SEC URI T Y P ROBL EM I N MA L AYSI A

Security problem

• Crimes still happened in Malaysia and was reported every day, even though a lot of money had been spent on crime prevention. • Conflict between different parties in Malaysia. • The increase in corruptive practices, such as bribery. • The increase of illegal worker from another country.

Crime Trends

• Chart below shows crime trends in Malaysia:

• Before it was decreasing every year, but it has been increasing lately since the middle of 90's

Crime Trends

• Chart below shows crime trends in Malaysia:

• Comparative Index Crime Rate for 2003 and 2004.

Crime Trends

• Chart below shows crime trends in Malaysia:

• Statistics of Crimes by Foreigners from 1992

Cause of the crime

• Some causes of increase of crime in Malaysia: – Population Increase – Unemployment – Indian problem – Influx of illegal workers – Issue of ‘Lepak’ – Narcotics – Motor Vehicle Theft – Drugs and guns influences

Chapter 4

SOL UT ION OF T HE PROB LEM

Solution

• The government should create more effective strength of laws and regulations to try to stamp it out • Every form of crime should be punished and proportional to the crime. • Prevent illegal worker come to Malaysia and persuade them to return to their country. • Citizens’ attitudes must play an important role to prevent toward crime.

Solution (cont)

• Dismiss the person who break the rules and regulation of Law. • Increase the security by make diplomatic relation with international country. • Administrative and investigative emphases of law enforcement • Policies effective of other components of the criminal justice system (i.e., prosecutorial, judicial, correctional, and probation)

Chapter 5

CONCL US ION

Conclusion

• The government is still in process of increasing the security and safety in Malaysia because everyone should be able to lead peaceful fulfilling lives, free from insecurity and violent conflict. • “Sometimes the prevention is better than the punishment”.

THANK Y OU