8th Pillar: Tourism Infrastructure

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

part2A_profiles.r2

2/26/09

4:01 AM

Page 292

Nicaragua Key indicators Population (millions), 2007..............................................................................5.7 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................130.0 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2007 .................................................5.7 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2007 .............................2,628.6 Real GDP growth (percent), 2007...................................................................3.8 Environmental Performance Index, 2008 (out of 149 countries).....................77

Travel & Tourism indicators Percent of total

T&T industry, 2008 estimates

2009–2018 annual growth (%, forecast)

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................145...................2.4 ....................3.9 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................37...................1.9 ....................3.2

T&T economy, 2008 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................397...................6.5 ....................4.3 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................102...................5.2 ....................3.7 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2008

International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2007......................800 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2007 ..............255 800

292

600

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

400

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

200 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index

Rank (out of 133)

Score (1–7 scale)

2009 Index....................................................................................................103 2008 Index............................................................................................................99 T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................98

3.5 3.5 4.0

Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................97 Environmental sustainability..........................................................................41 Safety and security .........................................................................................56 Health and hygiene .......................................................................................109 Prioritization of Travel & Tourism................................................................109

3.9 4.9 5.3 2.6 3.5

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................101

2.8

Air transport infrastructure ........................................................................103 Ground transport infrastructure..................................................................133 Tourism infrastructure ....................................................................................81 ICT infrastructure ..........................................................................................111 Price competitiveness in the T&T industry.................................................29

2.4 2.0 2.4 1.9 5.2

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................93

3.6

Human resources ............................................................................................91 Education and training ...........................................................................105 Availability of qualified labor...................................................................17 Affinity for Travel & Tourism ..........................................................................86 Natural resources ...........................................................................................53 Cultural resources.........................................................................................101

4.8 3.9 5.8 4.6 3.6 1.6 1

2

3

4

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”

The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2009 © 2009 World Economic Forum

5

6

7

2/26/09

4:01 AM

Page 293

Nicaragua The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail INDICATOR

RANK/133

INDICATOR

1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08

Prevalence of foreign ownership .................................83 ...■ Property rights............................................................119 ...■ Business impact of rules on FDI ..................................88 ...■ Visa requirements* ......................................................18 ...■ Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ............5 ...■ Transparency of government policymaking................115 ...■ Time required to start a business*...............................98 ...■ Cost to start a business* ...........................................118 ...■

2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07

Stringency of environmental regulation .......................73 ...■ Enforcement of environmental regulation....................83 ...■ Sustainability of T&T industry development.................98 ...■ Carbon dioxide emissions* ..........................................25 ...■ Particulate matter concentration* ................................47 ...■ Threatened species* ....................................................29 ...■ Environmental treaty ratification*.................................67 ...■

3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04

Business costs of terrorism .........................................78 ...■ Reliability of police services .........................................56 ...■ Business costs of crime and violence..........................90 ...■ Road traffic accidents*.................................................50 ...■

4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04

Physician density*......................................................104 ...■ Access to improved sanitation* .................................101 ...■ Access to improved drinking water*..........................103 ...■ Hospital beds*............................................................107 ...■

8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure

9th pillar: ICT infrastructure 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05

Extent of business Internet use .................................106 ...■ Internet users* ...........................................................116 ...■ Telephone lines*.........................................................105 ...■ Broadband Internet subscribers* .................................91 ...■ Mobile telephone subscribers* ....................................99 ...■

10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05

Ticket taxes and airport charges*.................................61 ...■ Purchasing power parity*.............................................18 ...■ Extent and effect of taxation........................................85 ...■ Fuel price levels* .........................................................30 ...■ Hotel price index* ........................................................23 ...■

11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10

Primary education enrollment* ....................................88 ...■ Secondary education enrollment*................................99 ...■ Quality of the educational system..............................129 ...■ Local availability of research and training services.....112 ...■ Extent of staff training................................................115 ...■ Hiring and firing practices.............................................24 ...■ Ease of hiring foreign labor ............................................5 ...■ HIV prevalence* ...........................................................49 ...■ Business impact of HIV/AIDS.......................................90 ...■ Life expectancy* ..........................................................76 ...■

10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry

11th pillar: Human resources

5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04

RANK/133

8.01 Hotel rooms*................................................................99 ...■ 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*....................56 ...■ 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards* ........................................94 ...■

3rd pillar: Safety and security

4th pillar: Health and hygiene

■ Competitive Advantage ■ Competitive Disadvantage

12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism

Government prioritization of the T&T industry.............97 ...■ T&T government expenditure* ....................................96 ...■ Effectiveness of marketing and branding.....................87 ...■ T&T fair attendance* ....................................................98 ...■

12.01 Tourism openness* ......................................................44 ...■ 12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors..............99 ...■ 12.03 Extension of business trips recommended ...............118 ...■

6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure

13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04

Number of World Heritage natural sites* ....................74 ...■ Protected areas* ..........................................................42 ...■ Quality of the natural environment...............................63 ...■ Total known species*...................................................36 ...■

14.01 14.02 14.03 14.04

Number of World Heritage cultural sites* ...................65 ...■ Sports stadiums* .........................................................84 ...■ Number of international fairs and exhibitions* ..........107 ...■ Creative industries exports*.......................................101 ...■

13th pillar: Natural resources 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07

Quality of air transport infrastructure ...........................79 ...■ Available seat kilometers, domestic*...........................91 ...■ Available seat kilometers, international* ....................111 ...■ Departures per 1,000 population*..............................119 ...■ Airport density* ............................................................65 ...■ Number of operating airlines*....................................108 ...■ International air transport network ...............................82 ...■

7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05

Quality of roads ..........................................................112 ...■ Quality of railroad infrastructure.................................117 ...■ Quality of port infrastructure ......................................129 ...■ Quality of ground transport network ..........................127 ...■ Road density*...............................................................87 ...■

7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

part2A_profiles.r2

14th pillar: Cultural resources

* Hard data Note: For further details and explanation, please refer to the section “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles” at the beginning of this chapter.

The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2009 © 2009 World Economic Forum

293