7a Cells - Board Works
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- Pages: 54
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Teacher’s Notes A slide contains teacher’s notes wherever this icon is displayed To access these notes go to ‘Notes Page View’ (PowerPoint 97) or ‘Normal View’ (PowerPoint 2000).
Notes Page View
Normal View
Flash Files A flash file has been embedded into the PowerPoint slide wherever this icon is displayed – These files are not editable. © Boardworks Ltd 2003
The 7 signs of life
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Animal and plant cells Here is a picture of a plant cell and an animal cell. Cells are the smallest units of life. Some cells can exist on their own, whilst others are found in groups. Humans are a collection of many billions of cells, all working together.
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
7A What is a cell? While some cells do look different, all cells have three basic features. nucleus cytoplasm cell membrane
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
The Cell - a living factory!
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Role Check
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
7A Do all cells look the same? Most cells have three basic parts. nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
But cells can be different shapes and sizes and also have different functions. This is because they are…
specialised The shape of a cell is related to its function. Where do you see this idea in sport?
CLUE: World Cup!
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
7A Specialised rugby players Why are the players in a rugby union team different shapes and sizes?
Rugby players are different shapes and sizes because they do different jobs for the team.
Like rugby players, cells are different shapes and sizes because they perform different jobs. © Boardworks Ltd 2003
Whose cell is it anyway?
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Plant cells Therefore, if plants and animals are different shapes, they must be made of different shaped cells. Let’s have a look at the shape of a basic plant cell. Cell However, Apart from here theis Membrane Vacuole how shape, the plant the cell cell (contains cell looks differs very from similar the sap) to an animal animal cell. cell. Cytoplasm Chloroplast (contains chlorophyll)
Cell Wall Starch Grains
Nucleus © Boardworks Ltd 2003
Animal, plant or both?
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Cell shapes Now that we know what the basic structure of a plant and animal cell is, we can begin looking at the bigger picture.
Cells are not flat…..
…they are usually three-dimensional The 3D shape of the cell will be determined by its location in the body and the job it does. © Boardworks Ltd 2003
Bring it to life! You can make your own 3D cell using the following equipment. • Plastic bag • Cellulose paste • Cardboard box
You will need to find some small objects to suspend in the cellulose paste. These will represent the internal structures of the cell.
Try to make a model of both the plant and animal cell. Then label these and display them.
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Cell-play A great way to visualize how a cell functions, is to become one! You can get people to stand in a circle, holding hands to represent a cell membrane. Then, get other people to be the nucleus and so on. If you are feeling adventurous, you can even dress up to represent the job of that part of the cell. Make sure you have a cell membrane and a nucleus as a minimum. Then you can choose from the list and role-play cell activity. • Cell Membrane • Glucose • Nucleus • Starch • Cell Wall • Chloroplast • Vacuole • Light • Water • Waste Material © Boardworks Ltd 2003
From Cell to Organism As we know, all life is built of cells. The way we look is the result of the types of cell we are made of and the way those cells are organised. For example, if we look at the cells of the plant and animal, it is no surprise that plants and animals look different…
Plant Animal
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Animal and Plant Cells
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
How is the body organised? To help us understand this, think of how a school is organised.
A school needs to be very organised. Every pupil in the school needs to know where they should be and what they are doing. However... Not all pupils study the same subjects. Not all pupils can work together efficiently. There is not room for all the pupils to be in the same place.
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
How is the body organised? Therefore, a school uses the following system. One pupil Registration groups Subject classes A year group A school
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
How is the body organised? This hierarchy of organisation is also found in living organisms. Each specific cell Is grouped with cells similar in structure and function.
We call this a tissue. © Boardworks Ltd 2003
Examples of Tissues
Animal Tissues
Plant Tissues
Muscle
Mesophyll
Bone
Phloem
Liver
Xylem
Skin Lung Can you think of any more types of tissue?
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
How is the body organised?
CELL
Different tissues link together to carry out a certain job.
Together, they are known as an….
TISSUE
ORGAN
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
How is the body organised? Next, different organs are linked together by tubes/ vessels…..
Organ 1
Organ 3
AnTo organ system become.. Organ 2
Organ 4
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
How is the body organised? The body is then made up of different organ systems working together to carry out all the functions of a living organism. In summary... Cell
Pupil
Tissue
Registration groups
Organ
Subject Classes
Organ system
Year
Organism
School
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
How is the body organised? Well, it allows complex organisms to carry out many different jobs at the same time. For example Grow
Respond to Why are living organisms organised like things this?
Reproduce Excrete
Respire
It also means our bodies don’t waste energy! They are more efficient. © Boardworks Ltd 2003
Activity 11 – Organs
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Where do cells come from? Think of the following situations….. REPRODUCTION... REPAIR... GROWTH... Your body can make sex cells. humans, You your finger. The wound is eventually Yourcut body loses cells and cells In are these cells theHowever, sperm and egg. These healed and are weeks later you can’t even see constantly dying. your skin never cells contain the same genetic information where the cut used todon’t be. disappears and you get smaller. that can be found in other body cells.
This is because you are constantly producing new cells and these new cells are produced from your existing cells.
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Where do cells come from? You will have seen that our bodies produce cells for three main reasons:
REPAIR REPRODUCTION GROWTH New cells are produced from old cells dividing.
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Where do cells come from? Q. Can you think of a problem if one cell splits to produce two cells? A. The two new cells would be smaller than the original cell. Therefore, a cell needs to make new copies of the material inside itself as well as the membrane and nucleus. Just before a cell divides, it will appear to grow slightly as it reproduces everything inside itself. The nucleus must also divide into two equal halves. This only occurs once the nucleus has doubled from its original size. © Boardworks Ltd 2003
Where do cells come from?
Cell division occurs extremely quickly and can happen over and over again.
Produce an enormous number of Grow quickly Repair This iscuts howand it is replace possible dead for the cells body quickly. to ... reproductive cells. © Boardworks Ltd 2003
Cell Division
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Activity – animal cell
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Activity – plant cell
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Summary
Drag the words into the correct places in the sentences.
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Multiple choice questions
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Look at the diagram below. X
V
Y
Z
1. What is V? A
Nucleus
B
Glycogen granules
C
Starch grains
D
Chloroplast
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Look at the diagram below. X
V
Y
Z
2. What is X? A
Nucleus
B
Cytoplasm
C
Cell Membrane
D
Cell wall
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Look at the diagram below. X
V
Y
Z
3. What is Y? A
Nucleus
B
Cytoplasm
C
Cell wall
D
Chloroplast
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Look at the diagram below. X
V
Y
Z
4. What is Z? A
Cell membrane
B
Vacuole
C
Cytoplasm
D
Nucleus
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
5. Which of the following descriptions represents the function of the membrane? A
It is a jelly-like substance in which most of the chemical reactions take place.
B
It controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
C It is the site of photosynthesis. D It controls the activities of the cell .
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
6. Which of the following descriptions represents the function of the nucleus? A It is a jelly-like substance in which most of the chemical reactions take place. B It controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell. C It is the site of photosynthesis. D It controls the activities of the cell.
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
7. Which of the following descriptions represents the function of the cytoplasm? A
It is a jelly-like substance in which most of the chemical reactions take place.
B
It controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
C
It is the site of photosynthesis.
D
It controls the activities of the cell.
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Look at the diagram below.
M N
O R
P Q
8. What is M? A
Cell membrane
B
Cytoplasm
C
Cell coat
D
Cell wall © Boardworks Ltd 2003
Look at the diagram below. M N
O P
R
Q
9. What is N? A
Cytoplasm
B
Vacuole
C
Cell membrane
D
Starch grain © Boardworks Ltd 2003
Look at the diagram below. M N
O R
P Q
10. What is O? A
Nucleus
B
Starch grain
C
Glycogen granule
D
Chloroplast © Boardworks Ltd 2003
Look at the diagram below. M N
O R
P Q
11. What is P? A Nucleus B Starch grain C Glycogen granule D Chloroplast © Boardworks Ltd 2003
Look at the diagram below. M N
O R
P Q
12. What is Q? A Cytoplasm B Vacuole C Nucleus D Chloroplast © Boardworks Ltd 2003
Look at the diagram below. M N
O R
P Q
13. What is R? A Cell wall B Vacuole lining C Cell membrane D Cell coat
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
14. Which of the following descriptions represents the function of the chloroplast? A
storage site
B
site of photosynthesis
C
site of reproduction
D
site of excretion
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
15. Which of the following types of tissue is capable of contracting and causing movement? A
glandular tissue
B
liver tissue
C
muscle tissue
D
brain tissue
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
16. Which of the following types of tissue is capable of making useful substances (e.g. enzymes)?
A
glandular tissue
B
liver tissue
C
muscle tissue
D
brain tissue
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
17. Which of the following describes a group of cells of the same type all doing the same job? A
cell
B
organ
C
organ system
D
tissue
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
18. Which of the following describes a group of tissues working together to do the same job? A
cell
B
organ
C
organ system
D
tissue
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
19. Which of the following describes a group of organs of the same type all doing the same job? A
cell
B
organ
C
organ system
D
tissue
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Teacher’s Notes A slide contains teacher’s notes wherever this icon is displayed To access these notes go to ‘Notes Page View’ (PowerPoint 97) or ‘Normal View’ (PowerPoint 2000).
Notes Page View
Normal View
Flash Files A flash file has been embedded into the PowerPoint slide wherever this icon is displayed – These files are not editable. © Boardworks Ltd 2003
The 7 signs of life
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Animal and plant cells Here is a picture of a plant cell and an animal cell. Cells are the smallest units of life. Some cells can exist on their own, whilst others are found in groups. Humans are a collection of many billions of cells, all working together.
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
7A What is a cell? While some cells do look different, all cells have three basic features. nucleus cytoplasm cell membrane
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
The Cell - a living factory!
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Role Check
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
7A Do all cells look the same? Most cells have three basic parts. nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
But cells can be different shapes and sizes and also have different functions. This is because they are…
specialised The shape of a cell is related to its function. Where do you see this idea in sport?
CLUE: World Cup!
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
7A Specialised rugby players Why are the players in a rugby union team different shapes and sizes?
Rugby players are different shapes and sizes because they do different jobs for the team.
Like rugby players, cells are different shapes and sizes because they perform different jobs. © Boardworks Ltd 2003
Whose cell is it anyway?
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Plant cells Therefore, if plants and animals are different shapes, they must be made of different shaped cells. Let’s have a look at the shape of a basic plant cell. Cell However, Apart from here theis Membrane Vacuole how shape, the plant the cell cell (contains cell looks differs very from similar the sap) to an animal animal cell. cell. Cytoplasm Chloroplast (contains chlorophyll)
Cell Wall Starch Grains
Nucleus © Boardworks Ltd 2003
Animal, plant or both?
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Cell shapes Now that we know what the basic structure of a plant and animal cell is, we can begin looking at the bigger picture.
Cells are not flat…..
…they are usually three-dimensional The 3D shape of the cell will be determined by its location in the body and the job it does. © Boardworks Ltd 2003
Bring it to life! You can make your own 3D cell using the following equipment. • Plastic bag • Cellulose paste • Cardboard box
You will need to find some small objects to suspend in the cellulose paste. These will represent the internal structures of the cell.
Try to make a model of both the plant and animal cell. Then label these and display them.
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Cell-play A great way to visualize how a cell functions, is to become one! You can get people to stand in a circle, holding hands to represent a cell membrane. Then, get other people to be the nucleus and so on. If you are feeling adventurous, you can even dress up to represent the job of that part of the cell. Make sure you have a cell membrane and a nucleus as a minimum. Then you can choose from the list and role-play cell activity. • Cell Membrane • Glucose • Nucleus • Starch • Cell Wall • Chloroplast • Vacuole • Light • Water • Waste Material © Boardworks Ltd 2003
From Cell to Organism As we know, all life is built of cells. The way we look is the result of the types of cell we are made of and the way those cells are organised. For example, if we look at the cells of the plant and animal, it is no surprise that plants and animals look different…
Plant Animal
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Animal and Plant Cells
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
How is the body organised? To help us understand this, think of how a school is organised.
A school needs to be very organised. Every pupil in the school needs to know where they should be and what they are doing. However... Not all pupils study the same subjects. Not all pupils can work together efficiently. There is not room for all the pupils to be in the same place.
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
How is the body organised? Therefore, a school uses the following system. One pupil Registration groups Subject classes A year group A school
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
How is the body organised? This hierarchy of organisation is also found in living organisms. Each specific cell Is grouped with cells similar in structure and function.
We call this a tissue. © Boardworks Ltd 2003
Examples of Tissues
Animal Tissues
Plant Tissues
Muscle
Mesophyll
Bone
Phloem
Liver
Xylem
Skin Lung Can you think of any more types of tissue?
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
How is the body organised?
CELL
Different tissues link together to carry out a certain job.
Together, they are known as an….
TISSUE
ORGAN
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
How is the body organised? Next, different organs are linked together by tubes/ vessels…..
Organ 1
Organ 3
AnTo organ system become.. Organ 2
Organ 4
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
How is the body organised? The body is then made up of different organ systems working together to carry out all the functions of a living organism. In summary... Cell
Pupil
Tissue
Registration groups
Organ
Subject Classes
Organ system
Year
Organism
School
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
How is the body organised? Well, it allows complex organisms to carry out many different jobs at the same time. For example Grow
Respond to Why are living organisms organised like things this?
Reproduce Excrete
Respire
It also means our bodies don’t waste energy! They are more efficient. © Boardworks Ltd 2003
Activity 11 – Organs
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Where do cells come from? Think of the following situations….. REPRODUCTION... REPAIR... GROWTH... Your body can make sex cells. humans, You your finger. The wound is eventually Yourcut body loses cells and cells In are these cells theHowever, sperm and egg. These healed and are weeks later you can’t even see constantly dying. your skin never cells contain the same genetic information where the cut used todon’t be. disappears and you get smaller. that can be found in other body cells.
This is because you are constantly producing new cells and these new cells are produced from your existing cells.
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Where do cells come from? You will have seen that our bodies produce cells for three main reasons:
REPAIR REPRODUCTION GROWTH New cells are produced from old cells dividing.
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Where do cells come from? Q. Can you think of a problem if one cell splits to produce two cells? A. The two new cells would be smaller than the original cell. Therefore, a cell needs to make new copies of the material inside itself as well as the membrane and nucleus. Just before a cell divides, it will appear to grow slightly as it reproduces everything inside itself. The nucleus must also divide into two equal halves. This only occurs once the nucleus has doubled from its original size. © Boardworks Ltd 2003
Where do cells come from?
Cell division occurs extremely quickly and can happen over and over again.
Produce an enormous number of Grow quickly Repair This iscuts howand it is replace possible dead for the cells body quickly. to ... reproductive cells. © Boardworks Ltd 2003
Cell Division
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Activity – animal cell
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Activity – plant cell
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Summary
Drag the words into the correct places in the sentences.
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Multiple choice questions
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Look at the diagram below. X
V
Y
Z
1. What is V? A
Nucleus
B
Glycogen granules
C
Starch grains
D
Chloroplast
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Look at the diagram below. X
V
Y
Z
2. What is X? A
Nucleus
B
Cytoplasm
C
Cell Membrane
D
Cell wall
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Look at the diagram below. X
V
Y
Z
3. What is Y? A
Nucleus
B
Cytoplasm
C
Cell wall
D
Chloroplast
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Look at the diagram below. X
V
Y
Z
4. What is Z? A
Cell membrane
B
Vacuole
C
Cytoplasm
D
Nucleus
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
5. Which of the following descriptions represents the function of the membrane? A
It is a jelly-like substance in which most of the chemical reactions take place.
B
It controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
C It is the site of photosynthesis. D It controls the activities of the cell .
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
6. Which of the following descriptions represents the function of the nucleus? A It is a jelly-like substance in which most of the chemical reactions take place. B It controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell. C It is the site of photosynthesis. D It controls the activities of the cell.
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
7. Which of the following descriptions represents the function of the cytoplasm? A
It is a jelly-like substance in which most of the chemical reactions take place.
B
It controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
C
It is the site of photosynthesis.
D
It controls the activities of the cell.
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Look at the diagram below.
M N
O R
P Q
8. What is M? A
Cell membrane
B
Cytoplasm
C
Cell coat
D
Cell wall © Boardworks Ltd 2003
Look at the diagram below. M N
O P
R
Q
9. What is N? A
Cytoplasm
B
Vacuole
C
Cell membrane
D
Starch grain © Boardworks Ltd 2003
Look at the diagram below. M N
O R
P Q
10. What is O? A
Nucleus
B
Starch grain
C
Glycogen granule
D
Chloroplast © Boardworks Ltd 2003
Look at the diagram below. M N
O R
P Q
11. What is P? A Nucleus B Starch grain C Glycogen granule D Chloroplast © Boardworks Ltd 2003
Look at the diagram below. M N
O R
P Q
12. What is Q? A Cytoplasm B Vacuole C Nucleus D Chloroplast © Boardworks Ltd 2003
Look at the diagram below. M N
O R
P Q
13. What is R? A Cell wall B Vacuole lining C Cell membrane D Cell coat
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
14. Which of the following descriptions represents the function of the chloroplast? A
storage site
B
site of photosynthesis
C
site of reproduction
D
site of excretion
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
15. Which of the following types of tissue is capable of contracting and causing movement? A
glandular tissue
B
liver tissue
C
muscle tissue
D
brain tissue
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
16. Which of the following types of tissue is capable of making useful substances (e.g. enzymes)?
A
glandular tissue
B
liver tissue
C
muscle tissue
D
brain tissue
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
17. Which of the following describes a group of cells of the same type all doing the same job? A
cell
B
organ
C
organ system
D
tissue
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
18. Which of the following describes a group of tissues working together to do the same job? A
cell
B
organ
C
organ system
D
tissue
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
19. Which of the following describes a group of organs of the same type all doing the same job? A
cell
B
organ
C
organ system
D
tissue
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
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