7 Introduction To Gprs

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Introduction Course of

GENERAL PACKET RADIO SERVICES (GPRS)

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GPRS • • • •

WHAT is GPRS? GPRS Network Architecture GPRS Protocol ZXG10-BSS GPRS Introduction

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What’s GPRS? • GPRS: General Packet Radio Service – Providing for subscribers end to end mobile data services based on packet switching and transmission. Especially suitable for long-time, low traffic burst data service. – GPRS ＝ Mobile ＋ IP ， is the combination of GSM wireless access technology and Internet packet switching technology. – Smooth upgrading. Providing general packet radio service with least modification and least cost.

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Wireless Data Transmission • Ordinary CS Data Service – Max. data transmission rate：9.6kb/s – Supporting transparent and non-transparent data transmission – Supporting Fax/data service – Supporting PSTN/ISDN/PDN interconnection

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Wireless Data Transmission • High Speed Circuit-Switched Data（HSCSD） – Multiple slots bundled, at most 4 time slots. – Max. 14.4kb/s per time slot – Mainly by software upgrading. No new network entity is needed.

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Wireless Data Transmission • GPRS – Multiple slots bundled, at most 8 time slots. – CS-1(9.05kb/s), CS-2(13.4kb/s), CS-3(15.6kb/s), CS4(21.4kb/s) – Channel shared by multiple users. – GPRS terminals can keep connections with network for long time and can be “always on line”. – Charged on traffic flow, low expense.

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CS Service vs GPRS Low speed rate (9.6Kb/s) High expense Low utilization rate (dedicated) Long delay(>20s)

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High rate (171.2Kbps) Low expense High utilization rate (shared) Short delay(<1s)

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Evolution of GSM Data Service 2M

384K

171.2K

57.6K 9.6K ZTE University

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GPRS Services • Phase I – PTP – CS-1, CS-2 – SMS over GPRS – Charged on packet traffic • Phase II – PTM – CS-3, CS-4 – Other supplementary services – Network applied services. ZTE University

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GPRS Services • Vehicle tracing • Dynamic traffic managing • Police dispatching • Bank information service

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• Ordering status and alarm monitoring • Fixed and mobile point of selling • Remote measuring (highway traffic), weather forecasting • Remote meters reading • Distributing operation: taxi managing

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GPRS System Structure • • • • •

SGSN：Serving GPRS Supporting Node GGSN：Gateway GPRS Supporting Node PCU：Packet Control Unit GPRS Mobile Station CG：Charging Gateway

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GPRS Network MSC

GMSC

ISDN Voice

GPRS MS BSS

CS service line PS service line

PCU GSN Backbone

TE

Internet X.25

Packet Data

SGSN

GGSN

ZXG10 GPRS System Structure

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GPRS OPERATION – Main Nodes

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SGSN AND GGSN SERVING GPRS SUPPORT NODE GATEWAY GPRS SUPPORT NODE PLMN

GSS IP network 1 GGSN1 SGSN1

IP network 2 IP backbone

IP network 3

GGSN2 SGSN2

IP network 4

IP network 5

GGSN3

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CHARGING GATEWAY (CG)

• Receives CDRs from GSNs via the Ga interface •Saves the CDRs as CDR files after preprocessing including filtering and consolidation •Sends the CDR files to the billing center

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HOME LOCATION REGISTER (HLR)

• Save GPRS subscription data • Provide location/route information for MM and route selection, such as: – Save and update user SGSN number and address – GPRS user location deletion indicator – MS reachable tag

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PACKET CONTROL UNIT (PCU)

BTS

CCU BSC

PCU

SGSN

CCU BSC

BTS CCU

PCU

Gb

SGSN

CCU

Gb

CCU BSC

PCU

CCU Um

Abis

SGSN

CCU = Channel Control Unit PCU = Packet Control Unit

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GPRS MS „ Class A The MS is attached to both GPRS and other GSM services, and the MS supports simultaneous operation of GPRS and other GSM services. „ Class B The MS is attached to both GPRS and other GSM services, but the MS can only operate one set of services at a time. „ Class C The MS is exclusively attached to GPRS services.

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GPRS OPERATION – Main Interfaces

Um

Mobile GPRS

BSS

A

Gs

Gb

SGSN

MSC

SMSGMSC

HLR Gd

Gr

Gc

Gn Sig. + data

SGSN

GGSN

Gi

IP network

Pure Sig.

GPRS network

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GPRS OPERATION

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GPRS OPERATION – Mobile States

o

or etw k

D

n to

O r o

t en hm tac De

ac et

t en hm

"Idle"

t en hm tac At

ut

e m i fT

Out of Time

"Stand-by"

"Ready" Packet Tx or Rx

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GPRS PROTOCOLS and RADIO Interface

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GPRS PROTOCOL STACK STRUCTURE

Application

Application

IP/X25

IP/X25

relay

SNDCP LLC RLC

MAC

MAC

Physical Layer

Physical Layer

MS

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LLC

UDP/TCP

UDP/TCP

(BSSGP) Network service

(BSSGP)

IP

IP

L2

L2

Physical Layer

Physical Layer

Physical Layer

Physical Layer

relay

RLC

Um

GTP

GTP

SNDCP

IP/X25

BSS

Network service

Gb

SGSN

Gn

L2 (MAC)

Physical Layer

GGSN

Gi

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TRANSMISSION PROTOCOL PLATFORM • SNDCP （ Sub Network Dependent Convergence Protocol): Network layer protocol. The main functions include: PDPs multiplexing；Compressing and decompressing user data and control information; divide network PDU（N-PDU） into logic link PDU（LL-PDU, or vice versa.

• LLC (Logic Link Control): A very reliable, independent and scrambled logic link, so as to modify the network with the least when another GPRS solution is introduced.

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TRANSMISSION PROTOCOL PLATFORM • RLC/MAC： Provides transfer service for layers over physical layer. RLC is the radio link control protocol between MS and BTS. The main functions include: Um interface data block error detection; error data block selecting and retransmission. MAC controls the access signaling processing ,makes judgment when a lot of MSs access the network. Maps the LLC frames onto GSM physical channels. • GSM RF

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RADIO BLOCK STRUCTURE Packet (PDU)

PH

User data

Network layer SNDCP layer

Segment

Segment

...

SNDCP layer

FH

Info

LLC frame

FCS

LLC layer LLC layer

Segment

Segment

BH

Info

Segment

...

RLC / MAC layer

RLC block

BCS Tail

RLC / MAC layer

456 bits

Coding and interleaving 114

bits

Burst PH : Packet Header FH : Frame Header

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114

bits

Burst

114

bits

Burst

114

Physical layer bits

Burst

Normal Burst

BH : Block Header FCS : Frame Check Sequence BCS : Block Check Sequence

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TRANSMISSION PROTOCOL PLATFORM • Relay： To relay LLC PDU between Um and Gb interfaces in BSS and relay PDP PDU between Gb and Gn in SGSN. • BSSGP（BSS GPRS Protocol): This layer transfers route-related and QoS related information between BSS and SGSN. No error correction is implemented. • NS (Network Service): This layer transfers BSSGP PDU. • L1bis、L1、L2: Not regulated in GPRS regulations. ZTE University

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TRANSMISSION PROTOCOL PLATFORM • GTP（GPRS Tunnel Protocol): This protocol supports data and signaling transmission among nodes of GPRS backbone network. All PTP PDU PDP are packed with GTP. • UDP/TCP： TCP carries GTP PDU that needs reliable data link, X.25 for example, in GPRS backbone.UDP carries GTP PDU that does not need reliable data link, IP for example, in GPRS backbone. TCP provides traffic control and protects GTP PDU from losing and damaging.UDP protects GTP PDU from damaging. • IP： GPRS backbone protocol used for routing user data and control signaling. Currently based on IPv4, finally IPv6.

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RADIO BLOCKS 1 TDMA frame

fi

0

1

2

3

4

5

TDMA1 6

TDMA51

7

multiframe (52)

0 to 3

47 to 50

TS0

51

Block0

Block11

PDCH0 8 physical channels PDCH7

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PACKET PHYSICAL CHANNELS PACKET DATA CHANNELS (PDCH) – physical channels that are assigned for use by GPRS System 2 TYPES OF PDCH 1. Dedicated PDCHs – allocated and released by operator command and are considered a permanent GPRS resource in the cell. No GSM traffic can use these channels. 2. On-demand PDCHs – serve as temporary dynamic GPRS resources and are allocated and released depending on GPRS (and GSM) traffic demand BCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

PDCH

PDCH

PDCH

On-demand

Dedicated

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PDCH

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PACKET LOGICAL CHANNELS GPRS logical channels Packet control channels PCCH

Packet traffic channels

PBCCH

PDTCH

PACCH

PTCCH

DL

UL/ DL

UL/ DL

UL/ DL

PRACH

PPCH

PAGCH

PNCH

UL

DL

DL

DL

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PACKET TRAFFIC CHANNELS – (PTCH)

• PDTCH – Packet Data Traffic Channel - logical channel allocated for user data transfer.

• PTCCH/ U – Packet Timing Advance Control Channel/ Uplink - used to transmit random access burst to allow estimation of the timing advance for one MS in packet transfer mode. • PTCCH/ D – Packet Timing Advance Control Channel/ Downlink - used to transmit timing advance information updates to MS. ZTE University

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PACKET TRAFFIC CHANNELS – (PTCH)

• PACCH – Packet Associated Control Channel - conveys signaling information related to a given MS on both the uplink and the downlink.eg:power control and confirm

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PACKET BROADCAST CHANNEL – (PBCH)

• PBCCH – Packet Broadcast Control Channel - broadcasts packet data specific System information. - If there is no PBCCH allocation, packet-data-specific system information is broadcasted via BCCH

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PACKET COMMON CONTROL CHANNELS – (PPCH) • PPCH – Packet Paging Channel - is used to page an MS prior to downlink packet transfer. - can be used also for circuit-switched data services • PRACH – Packet Random Access Channel - is used by MS to initiate uplink transfer for sending data or signaling information. • PAGCH – Packet Access Grant Channel - is used in the packet transfer establishment phase to resource assignment to an MS prior to packet transfer. ZTE University

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CHANNEL COMBINATION

i.

PBCCH + PCCCH + PDTCH + PACCH + PTCCH

ii. PCCCH + PDTCH + PACCH + PTCCH

iii. PDTCH + PACCH +PTCCH

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GPRS MULTIFRAME STRUCTURE

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MAPPING OF PTCCH/ U

• While MS is assigned a PDTCH, it will be assigned a PTCCH/U on the same PDTCH.

• PTCCH/U’s period is 8*52 multiple frames and include 16 PTCCH/U sub-channels(0…15).

• Each MS’s PTCCH/U sub-channel is determined by TAI(Timing Advance Index).

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MAPPING OF PTCCH/ U

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DATA TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION

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Abis Allocation for CS1 and CS2

CS－1 and CS－2 occupy 16kb/s of link

BTS Support CS－1 and CS－2

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E1

BSC （PCU）

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Abis Allocation for CS3 and CS4

CS-3 and CS-4 occupy 2*16kb/s links BTS Support CS-3 and CS-4

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E1

BSC （PCU）

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