6_the Integrated Science Process Skills
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THE INTEGRATED SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS KDPM & KPLI LECTURE NOTES
THE INTEGRATED PROCESSES • • • • •
IDENTIFYING AND CONTROLLING VARIABLES FORMULATING AND TESTING HYPOTHESES DEFINING OPERATIONALLY EXPERIMENTING INTERPRETING DATA
HOW THE SKILLS ARE RELATED?
A FEW POINTS TO NOTE….. • CHILDREN REQUIRE DEVELOPMENT IN THE BASIC SKILLS BEFORE THEY ARE READY TO WORK WITH THE INTEGRATED SKILLS. • MAKE SURE THAT ACTIVITIES ARE COGNITIVELY APPROPRIATE • READINESS CAN BE ESTABLISHED THROUGH THE PIAGETIAN CONSERVATION TASKS.
ACTIVITY : THE PENDULUM • FORM GROUPS (3 MEMBERS EACH) • YOU WILL NEED – A PENCIL – A PIECE OF STRING (2 – 21/2 FEET LONG) – 8 – 10 METAL WASHERS OF THE SAME SIZE
SETTING UP THE APPARATUS
WHAT WILL MAKE THE PENDULUM MOVE FASTER OR SLOWER? • BRAINSTORM AS A CLASS RESPONSES:
RESPONSES:
1. LENGTH OF STRING
9.
2. WEIGHT
10.
3. ANGLE OF SWING
11.
4. GRAVITY
12.
5. AIR FRICTION
13.
6. WIND
14.
7. TYPE OF STRING
15.
8. COLOR OF STRING
16.
THESE ARE CALLED VARIABLES IN BRAINSTORMING, YOU HAVE IDENTIFIED VARIABLES
HOW TO CHANGE THE VALUES OF EACH VARIABLE? RESPONSES: 1. LENGTH OF STRING – SHORTEH THE STRING 2. WEIGHT – INCREASE WIGHT 3. ANGLE OF SWING -PROTRACTOR 4. GRAVITY - SPACE 5. AIR FRICTION - VACUUM 6. WIND – WOODEN BARRIERS 7. TYPE OF STRING – COTTON, NYLON, ETC 8. COLOR OF STRING – RED WHITE
IDENTIFY THE EFFECT OF EACH VARIABLE ON THE SPEED OF THE PENDULUM
• FASTER? SLOWER? DON’T KNOW? DISAGREEMENT? • YOUR STATEMENT OF WHAT YOU THINK WILL HAPPEN TO THE PENDULUM’S SPEED WHEN YOU CHANGE A GIVEN VARIABLE IS CALLED A HYPOTHESIS. • IT TAKES THE FORM OF A STATEMENT THAT SAYS, “IF I (DO THIS TO THE PENDULUM), IT WILL (SPEED UP / SLOW DOWN)”
HOW TO MEASURE THE SPEED OF THE PENDULUM? • SPEED = DISTANCE / TIME. MEASURING DISTANCE IS DIFFICULT. • THE TIME A PENDULUM TAKES TO COMPLETE ONE FULL SWING – BACK AND FORTH – IS CALLED ITS PERIOD. • THE PERIOD CAN BE MEASURED USING A STOPWATCH • LET US USE THE NUMBER OF SWINGS IN 15 SECONDS AS THE INDICATION OF THE SPEED. THIS IS CALLED DEFINING OPERATIONALLY (OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF ‘SPEED OF THE PENDULUM’)
PLAN YOUR EXPERIMENT • AS A CLASS, SELECT 3 VARIABLES TO TEST • REMEMBER!!!! – WHILE EXPERIMENTING WITH ONE VARIABLE, YOU KEEP ALL THE OTHERS CONSTANT.
• WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF YOU DID NOT KEEP THE VARIABLES CONSTANT? • HOW MANY DIFFERENT VALUES OF THE VARIABLES WILL YOU NEED TO TEST? • HOW MANY TIMES WILL YOU NEED TO TRY THE SAME VALUE OF THE VARIABLES? WHY? AVERAGE • IDENTIFY: MANIPULATED (INDEPENDENT) VARIABLE AND RESPONDING (DEPENDENT) VARIABLE, CONSTANT VARIABLES
COLLECT AND RECORD DATA RV
COLUMN FOR THE MANIPULATED VARIABLE
COLUMN FOR RESPONDING VARIABLE
MV
COLLECT AND RECORD DATA PENDULUM DATA TABLE VARIABLE
VALUE OF VARIABLE 10
WEIGHT (g)
20 30 40
NUMBER OF SWINGS IN 15 SECONDS TRIAL 1
TRIAL 2
TRIAL 3
AVERAGE
CONSOLIDATED DATA FOR PENDULUM SWING INVESTIGATION VARIABLE
WEIGHT (g)
VALUE OF VARIABLE
AVERAGE NUMBER OF SWINGS IN 15 SECONDS GROUP 1
GROUP 2
GROUP 3
GROUP 4
GROUP 5
GROUP 6
GROUP 7
10
9
8
10
10
10
9
10
20
10
9
10
10
10
9
10
30
10
9
10
10
10
9
10.5
40
10
10
10
10
10
9
11
INTERPRETING DATA AND CONCLUSION • BASED ON THE DATA, WHAT CAN YOU CONCLUDE? ACCEPT OR REJECT HYPOTHESIS?
REFLECTION • DID YOU OR DID YOU NOT USE THE INTEGRATED SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS? • IF YES, WHEN?
WHAT DID YOU DO? IDENTIFIED VARIABLES
IDENTIFES ALL VARIABLES THAT AFFECT THE SWING OF THE PENDULUM
CONTROLLING VARIABLES
CONTROLLED (KEEP CONSTANT) ALL THE VARIABLES EXCEPT THE ONE YOU’RE EXPLORING
FORMULATED HYPOTHESES FOR EACH VARIABLE
EG. “IF I INCREASE THE HEIGHT OF THE DROP, THE PENDULUM WILL SWING FASTER”
TESTED THE HYPOTHESES
CHANGING THE VALUE OF THE VARIABLE AND COLLECTING DATA FROM AT LEAST 3 SEPARATE TRIALS
DEFINING OPERATIONALLY
SPEED OF THE PENDULUM IN TERMS OF THE NUMBER OF SWINGS IT MAKES IN 15 SECONDS
PLANNING EXPERIMENT
• HOW TO SET UP APPARATUS • HOW TO INVESTIGATE ALL THE VARIABLES • HOW TO COLLECT DATA
INTERPRETING DATA
LOOKING AT THE RESULTS TO SEE IF THE VARIABLES HAD ANY EFFECT
PEKA UPSR
ACTIVITY CODE *Based on the Science Curriculum Specification (KBSR), the activity code refers to: Year/Theme/Learning Objective/Learning Outcomes eg. 3/1/1.2/1
Instrumen Pemantauan (Senarai Semak) Pentaksiran Berasaskan SekolaH 1
Jawatankuasa Pentaksiran Berasaskan_Sekolah
8
Kes-kes khas
9
a) calon menumpang b) calon pindah c) calon sakit berpanjangan d) kes disiplin e) lain-lain Status kelengkapan
a) Carta Organisasi b) Surat Perlantikan c) Minit mesyuarat disediakan & diedarkan d) Jadual kerja pentaksiran 2
Dokumen Kurikulum & Pentaksiran a) Pekeliling PBS b) Surat perlantikan pentaksir c) Sukatan Pelajaran d) Huraian Sukatan Pelajaran
3
Jadual Kerja Pentaksiran
4
a) disediakan b) diedarkan c) dipamerkan Pelaksanaan Pentaksiran
a) saiz / kelulusan yg sesuai b) utiliti (bekalan elektrik / air) tersedia c) keselamatan d) susun atur e) pengurusan & kebersihan f) kelengkapan perabot g) alat tangan h) mesin mudah alih i) mesin pegun j) stok & inventori k) bahan pentaksiran l) stor bahan / alatan m) tempat penyimpanan eviden 10 Taklimat & Pemakluman
6
a) Taklimat kepada murid b) Taklimat kepada ibubapa c) Surat pemberitahuan Pentaksiran Berasaskan Sekolah Fail Pentaksir
7
a) borang skor individu b) borang gred induk c) disimpan dgn selamat Fail Penyelarasan
a) Semasa pengajaran & pembelajaran b) di luar waktu pengajaran & pembelajaran 5
Portfolio murid a) rekod penyerahan eviden b) borang pergerakan eviden c) borang skor individu d) evidens (produk, artifak,, rakaman)
a) Borang maklumat pentaksir & penyelaras b) Borang penyelarasan skor c) Laporan penyelarasan
THE INTEGRATED PROCESSES • • • • •
IDENTIFYING AND CONTROLLING VARIABLES FORMULATING AND TESTING HYPOTHESES DEFINING OPERATIONALLY EXPERIMENTING INTERPRETING DATA
HOW THE SKILLS ARE RELATED?
A FEW POINTS TO NOTE….. • CHILDREN REQUIRE DEVELOPMENT IN THE BASIC SKILLS BEFORE THEY ARE READY TO WORK WITH THE INTEGRATED SKILLS. • MAKE SURE THAT ACTIVITIES ARE COGNITIVELY APPROPRIATE • READINESS CAN BE ESTABLISHED THROUGH THE PIAGETIAN CONSERVATION TASKS.
ACTIVITY : THE PENDULUM • FORM GROUPS (3 MEMBERS EACH) • YOU WILL NEED – A PENCIL – A PIECE OF STRING (2 – 21/2 FEET LONG) – 8 – 10 METAL WASHERS OF THE SAME SIZE
SETTING UP THE APPARATUS
WHAT WILL MAKE THE PENDULUM MOVE FASTER OR SLOWER? • BRAINSTORM AS A CLASS RESPONSES:
RESPONSES:
1. LENGTH OF STRING
9.
2. WEIGHT
10.
3. ANGLE OF SWING
11.
4. GRAVITY
12.
5. AIR FRICTION
13.
6. WIND
14.
7. TYPE OF STRING
15.
8. COLOR OF STRING
16.
THESE ARE CALLED VARIABLES IN BRAINSTORMING, YOU HAVE IDENTIFIED VARIABLES
HOW TO CHANGE THE VALUES OF EACH VARIABLE? RESPONSES: 1. LENGTH OF STRING – SHORTEH THE STRING 2. WEIGHT – INCREASE WIGHT 3. ANGLE OF SWING -PROTRACTOR 4. GRAVITY - SPACE 5. AIR FRICTION - VACUUM 6. WIND – WOODEN BARRIERS 7. TYPE OF STRING – COTTON, NYLON, ETC 8. COLOR OF STRING – RED WHITE
IDENTIFY THE EFFECT OF EACH VARIABLE ON THE SPEED OF THE PENDULUM
• FASTER? SLOWER? DON’T KNOW? DISAGREEMENT? • YOUR STATEMENT OF WHAT YOU THINK WILL HAPPEN TO THE PENDULUM’S SPEED WHEN YOU CHANGE A GIVEN VARIABLE IS CALLED A HYPOTHESIS. • IT TAKES THE FORM OF A STATEMENT THAT SAYS, “IF I (DO THIS TO THE PENDULUM), IT WILL (SPEED UP / SLOW DOWN)”
HOW TO MEASURE THE SPEED OF THE PENDULUM? • SPEED = DISTANCE / TIME. MEASURING DISTANCE IS DIFFICULT. • THE TIME A PENDULUM TAKES TO COMPLETE ONE FULL SWING – BACK AND FORTH – IS CALLED ITS PERIOD. • THE PERIOD CAN BE MEASURED USING A STOPWATCH • LET US USE THE NUMBER OF SWINGS IN 15 SECONDS AS THE INDICATION OF THE SPEED. THIS IS CALLED DEFINING OPERATIONALLY (OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF ‘SPEED OF THE PENDULUM’)
PLAN YOUR EXPERIMENT • AS A CLASS, SELECT 3 VARIABLES TO TEST • REMEMBER!!!! – WHILE EXPERIMENTING WITH ONE VARIABLE, YOU KEEP ALL THE OTHERS CONSTANT.
• WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF YOU DID NOT KEEP THE VARIABLES CONSTANT? • HOW MANY DIFFERENT VALUES OF THE VARIABLES WILL YOU NEED TO TEST? • HOW MANY TIMES WILL YOU NEED TO TRY THE SAME VALUE OF THE VARIABLES? WHY? AVERAGE • IDENTIFY: MANIPULATED (INDEPENDENT) VARIABLE AND RESPONDING (DEPENDENT) VARIABLE, CONSTANT VARIABLES
COLLECT AND RECORD DATA RV
COLUMN FOR THE MANIPULATED VARIABLE
COLUMN FOR RESPONDING VARIABLE
MV
COLLECT AND RECORD DATA PENDULUM DATA TABLE VARIABLE
VALUE OF VARIABLE 10
WEIGHT (g)
20 30 40
NUMBER OF SWINGS IN 15 SECONDS TRIAL 1
TRIAL 2
TRIAL 3
AVERAGE
CONSOLIDATED DATA FOR PENDULUM SWING INVESTIGATION VARIABLE
WEIGHT (g)
VALUE OF VARIABLE
AVERAGE NUMBER OF SWINGS IN 15 SECONDS GROUP 1
GROUP 2
GROUP 3
GROUP 4
GROUP 5
GROUP 6
GROUP 7
10
9
8
10
10
10
9
10
20
10
9
10
10
10
9
10
30
10
9
10
10
10
9
10.5
40
10
10
10
10
10
9
11
INTERPRETING DATA AND CONCLUSION • BASED ON THE DATA, WHAT CAN YOU CONCLUDE? ACCEPT OR REJECT HYPOTHESIS?
REFLECTION • DID YOU OR DID YOU NOT USE THE INTEGRATED SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS? • IF YES, WHEN?
WHAT DID YOU DO? IDENTIFIED VARIABLES
IDENTIFES ALL VARIABLES THAT AFFECT THE SWING OF THE PENDULUM
CONTROLLING VARIABLES
CONTROLLED (KEEP CONSTANT) ALL THE VARIABLES EXCEPT THE ONE YOU’RE EXPLORING
FORMULATED HYPOTHESES FOR EACH VARIABLE
EG. “IF I INCREASE THE HEIGHT OF THE DROP, THE PENDULUM WILL SWING FASTER”
TESTED THE HYPOTHESES
CHANGING THE VALUE OF THE VARIABLE AND COLLECTING DATA FROM AT LEAST 3 SEPARATE TRIALS
DEFINING OPERATIONALLY
SPEED OF THE PENDULUM IN TERMS OF THE NUMBER OF SWINGS IT MAKES IN 15 SECONDS
PLANNING EXPERIMENT
• HOW TO SET UP APPARATUS • HOW TO INVESTIGATE ALL THE VARIABLES • HOW TO COLLECT DATA
INTERPRETING DATA
LOOKING AT THE RESULTS TO SEE IF THE VARIABLES HAD ANY EFFECT
PEKA UPSR
ACTIVITY CODE *Based on the Science Curriculum Specification (KBSR), the activity code refers to: Year/Theme/Learning Objective/Learning Outcomes eg. 3/1/1.2/1
Instrumen Pemantauan (Senarai Semak) Pentaksiran Berasaskan SekolaH 1
Jawatankuasa Pentaksiran Berasaskan_Sekolah
8
Kes-kes khas
9
a) calon menumpang b) calon pindah c) calon sakit berpanjangan d) kes disiplin e) lain-lain Status kelengkapan
a) Carta Organisasi b) Surat Perlantikan c) Minit mesyuarat disediakan & diedarkan d) Jadual kerja pentaksiran 2
Dokumen Kurikulum & Pentaksiran a) Pekeliling PBS b) Surat perlantikan pentaksir c) Sukatan Pelajaran d) Huraian Sukatan Pelajaran
3
Jadual Kerja Pentaksiran
4
a) disediakan b) diedarkan c) dipamerkan Pelaksanaan Pentaksiran
a) saiz / kelulusan yg sesuai b) utiliti (bekalan elektrik / air) tersedia c) keselamatan d) susun atur e) pengurusan & kebersihan f) kelengkapan perabot g) alat tangan h) mesin mudah alih i) mesin pegun j) stok & inventori k) bahan pentaksiran l) stor bahan / alatan m) tempat penyimpanan eviden 10 Taklimat & Pemakluman
6
a) Taklimat kepada murid b) Taklimat kepada ibubapa c) Surat pemberitahuan Pentaksiran Berasaskan Sekolah Fail Pentaksir
7
a) borang skor individu b) borang gred induk c) disimpan dgn selamat Fail Penyelarasan
a) Semasa pengajaran & pembelajaran b) di luar waktu pengajaran & pembelajaran 5
Portfolio murid a) rekod penyerahan eviden b) borang pergerakan eviden c) borang skor individu d) evidens (produk, artifak,, rakaman)
a) Borang maklumat pentaksir & penyelaras b) Borang penyelarasan skor c) Laporan penyelarasan
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