5. The Quran
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- Pages: 16
The Qur’‹an
The unmediated word of God
revealed over 22 years Meccan-Madinan phases 114 S‹uras, not chapters not arranged in the order in which it was revealed traditionally thought to have been collected under ‘Uthman Today’s text based on the 1924 Egyptian edition
The asb‹ab al-nuz‹ul • 624 8.1-17, 41-44 Battle of Badr • 625 3.120-175 Battle of Uhud 59.2-17 Expulsion of Ban‹u al-Na∂ir • 627 33.9-25 Yathrib besieged 33.26f. Expulsion of Ban‹u Quray÷a • 628 48.18-27 Treaty of al-˘udaybiyah • 629 9.25f. Battle of ˘unayn 9.42-48, 81-3 Expedition to Tab‹uk 9.107-110 Mosque of Dissension destroyed
The Qur’‹an and the Prophet Glory to (Allah), Who did take His Servant For a Journey by night From the Sacred Mosque To the Farthest Mosque, Whose precincts We did Bless – in order that We Might show him some Of Our Signs: for He Is the One Who heareth And seeth (all things). (S‹urat al-Najm, 1)
The Qur’‹an and Aisha Those who brought forward The lie are a body Among yourselves: think it not To be an evil to you; On the contrary it is good For you: to every man Among them (will come The punishment) of the sin That he earned, and to him Who took on himself the lead Among them, will be A Penalty grievous. (S‹urat al-N‹ur, 11)
The Qur’‹an and translation Proclaim! (or Read!) In the name Of thy Lord and Cherisher, Who created Created man, out of A (mere) clot Of congealed blood: Proclaim! And thy Lord Is Most Bountiful He who taught (The use of) the Pen Taught man that Which he knew not. (S‹urat al-’Alaq, 1-5)
The main Themes: God’s Unity Say: He is Allah, The One and Only; Allah, the Eternal, Absolute; He begetteth not, Nor is He begotton; And there is none Like unto Him. S‹urat al-Ikhl‹aß, 1-4
What is God like? God is the Light of the heavens and the earth; the likeness of His Light is a niche wherein is a lamp (the lamp in a glass, the glass as it were a glittering star) kindled from a Blessed Tree, an olive that is neither of the East nor of the West, whose oil well nigh would shine, even if no fire touched
Belief True piety is this: to believe in God, and the Last Day, the angels, the Book, and the Prophets, to give of one’s substance, however cherished, to kinsmen, and orphans, the needy, the traveller, beggars, and to ransom the slave, to perform the prayer, to pay the alms. (S‹urat al-Baqara, 177)
Structural overview of S‹urat alBaqara’s five parts
• Prologue: revelation and the story of Adam, vv.1-39 • Address to the Jews: vv.40-121 • Final appeal to the Jews: vv.12215 • Legal provisions: vv.153-242 • Importance of striving for Allah: vv.243-283 • Epilogue: vv.284-6
The doctrine of abrogation (1) And from the fruit of the date palm and the vine, Ye get out wholesome drink and food . . .(16.67) They ask thee concerning wine and gambling. Say: “In them is great sin, and some benefit, for men. But the sin in them is greater than the benefit.” (2.219) Approach not prayers when you are intoxicated until ye can understand all that ye say (4.43) O Ye who believe! Intoxicants and gambling, idols and divining by arrows are an abomination and some of Satan’s work. So avoid it so that you may prosper. Satan
Abrogation (2) The woman and the man guilty of adultery or fornication - flog each of them with a hundred stripes. (24.2) The mature man and the mature woman, when they commit sexual immorality stone them outright. (Not in the Qur’‹an; ‘Umar remembered it being in the Qur’‹an).
The Manuscript Tradition
The Qur’‹an as a work of Art
The Qur’‹an in architecture
The unmediated word of God
revealed over 22 years Meccan-Madinan phases 114 S‹uras, not chapters not arranged in the order in which it was revealed traditionally thought to have been collected under ‘Uthman Today’s text based on the 1924 Egyptian edition
The asb‹ab al-nuz‹ul • 624 8.1-17, 41-44 Battle of Badr • 625 3.120-175 Battle of Uhud 59.2-17 Expulsion of Ban‹u al-Na∂ir • 627 33.9-25 Yathrib besieged 33.26f. Expulsion of Ban‹u Quray÷a • 628 48.18-27 Treaty of al-˘udaybiyah • 629 9.25f. Battle of ˘unayn 9.42-48, 81-3 Expedition to Tab‹uk 9.107-110 Mosque of Dissension destroyed
The Qur’‹an and the Prophet Glory to (Allah), Who did take His Servant For a Journey by night From the Sacred Mosque To the Farthest Mosque, Whose precincts We did Bless – in order that We Might show him some Of Our Signs: for He Is the One Who heareth And seeth (all things). (S‹urat al-Najm, 1)
The Qur’‹an and Aisha Those who brought forward The lie are a body Among yourselves: think it not To be an evil to you; On the contrary it is good For you: to every man Among them (will come The punishment) of the sin That he earned, and to him Who took on himself the lead Among them, will be A Penalty grievous. (S‹urat al-N‹ur, 11)
The Qur’‹an and translation Proclaim! (or Read!) In the name Of thy Lord and Cherisher, Who created Created man, out of A (mere) clot Of congealed blood: Proclaim! And thy Lord Is Most Bountiful He who taught (The use of) the Pen Taught man that Which he knew not. (S‹urat al-’Alaq, 1-5)
The main Themes: God’s Unity Say: He is Allah, The One and Only; Allah, the Eternal, Absolute; He begetteth not, Nor is He begotton; And there is none Like unto Him. S‹urat al-Ikhl‹aß, 1-4
What is God like? God is the Light of the heavens and the earth; the likeness of His Light is a niche wherein is a lamp (the lamp in a glass, the glass as it were a glittering star) kindled from a Blessed Tree, an olive that is neither of the East nor of the West, whose oil well nigh would shine, even if no fire touched
Belief True piety is this: to believe in God, and the Last Day, the angels, the Book, and the Prophets, to give of one’s substance, however cherished, to kinsmen, and orphans, the needy, the traveller, beggars, and to ransom the slave, to perform the prayer, to pay the alms. (S‹urat al-Baqara, 177)
Structural overview of S‹urat alBaqara’s five parts
• Prologue: revelation and the story of Adam, vv.1-39 • Address to the Jews: vv.40-121 • Final appeal to the Jews: vv.12215 • Legal provisions: vv.153-242 • Importance of striving for Allah: vv.243-283 • Epilogue: vv.284-6
The doctrine of abrogation (1) And from the fruit of the date palm and the vine, Ye get out wholesome drink and food . . .(16.67) They ask thee concerning wine and gambling. Say: “In them is great sin, and some benefit, for men. But the sin in them is greater than the benefit.” (2.219) Approach not prayers when you are intoxicated until ye can understand all that ye say (4.43) O Ye who believe! Intoxicants and gambling, idols and divining by arrows are an abomination and some of Satan’s work. So avoid it so that you may prosper. Satan
Abrogation (2) The woman and the man guilty of adultery or fornication - flog each of them with a hundred stripes. (24.2) The mature man and the mature woman, when they commit sexual immorality stone them outright. (Not in the Qur’‹an; ‘Umar remembered it being in the Qur’‹an).
The Manuscript Tradition
The Qur’‹an as a work of Art
The Qur’‹an in architecture
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