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LTE Radio Network Planning Introduction www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Huawei Confidential
Agenda 1
LTE RNP Overview
2
LTE RNP Dimensioning
3
LTE Co-location Solution
4
LTE Deployment Strategy
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Page 2
Huawei LTE Radio Network Planning Main Steps Dimensioning
Preplanning
Inputs: Coverage, Capacity & Service Requirement Outputs: eNodeB coverage radius and site numbers based on capacity calculation
Inputs: Calculated coverage radius, digital
Detailed Planning
map and subscriber distribution information
Outputs: Preliminary eNodeB numbers
Inputs: Coverage target and site survey result Outputs: Actual site location and engineering parameters
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Page 3
Detail LTE Radio Network Planning Preparation
Agreement achieved by the operator and Huawei
n Coverage area (Dense urban, Urban, Suburban ) n Quality objective (QoS criteria) n Capacity requirement (Subscriber, traffic model) n Link budget parameters (Penetration loss, Propagation model)
Huawei deliver nBackground Interference Test (optional) n Propagation model tuning (optional)
n Site location/ RF parameters configurations n Search ring specifications n prediction & Simulation n Cluster definition for project management
Detailed Planning
n Link budget n Capacity dimensioning n Site numbers/configuration n Cell radius in each morphology n Network development solution
Nominal Planning
n Site survey/candidate site search n Neighbor cell configuration nCell parameters configuration n Algorithm configuration
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The output of dimensioning is important criteria to assess RNP solution
The operator provides: Naming conventions Existing sites information
Network Deployment
Page 4
LTE RNP Output Overview Input
Output Site Type
Coverage Requirement -- Coverage Area -- Polygon Definition
Power/Channel
-- Cell Edge Throughput -- Coverage Probability …
eNodeB Number
Capacity Requirement Active Users
-- Frequency bandwidth -- Subscriber forecast -- Traffic Model …
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S1&X2 Throughput
Huawei Confidential
Page 5
Agenda 1
LTE RNP Overview
2
LTE RNP Dimensioning Coverage Dimensioning Capacity Dimensioning Active User Dimensioning S1&X2 Dimensioning
3
LTE Co-location Solution
4
LTE Deployment Strategy
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Page 6
LTE Radio Network Dimensioning Flow Start Coverage Requirement
Link Budget Cell Radius
Capacity Requirement
Capacity Dimensioning
Satisfy Capacity Requirement?
No
Adjust eNodeB Number
Yes Active User/S1&X2 Dimensioning eNodeB Amount&Configuration End
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Page 7
Agenda 1
LTE RNP Overview
2
LTE RNP Dimensioning Coverage Dimensioning Capacity Dimensioning Active User Dimensioning S1&X2 Dimensioning
3
LTE Co-location Solution
4
LTE Deployment Strategy
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Page 8
LTE Coverage Dimensioning Flow n Aim of coverage dimensioning - to obtain the cell radius - to estimate eNodeB number for coverage requirement Start Link Budget Propagation Model
Cell Radius eNodeB Coverage Area
Total Coverage Area/ eNodeB Coverage Area
eNodeB Number End HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
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Page 9
LTE Link Budget Procedure – Uplink Tx Power
Other Gain
Slow fading margin
UE Antenna Gain
Gain Margin
Interference margin
Loss
Body Loss
Penetration Loss
Power level
Max. Allowed Path Loss
EIRP
Path Loss Cable Loss BTS Ant Gain
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Page 10
Rx Sensitivity
LTE Link Budget Procedure – Downlink
Other Gain
Gain
Slow fading margin
Margin Cable Loss
Loss
Interference margin BTS Ant Gain
EIRP Power level
Max. Allowed Path Loss
Tx Power
Objective: Max. Path Loss
Allowed Path Loss
Penetration Loss
Body Loss
UE Ant Gain
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Page 11
Rx Sensitivity
Coverage Comparison b/w HSPA+ and LTE Downlink Cell Edge Throughput Comparison
Cell Edge Throughput(kbps)
8000
n
LTE 2.6G has much better coverage in DL than HSPA+ 2.1G; But HSPA+ 2.1G has better coverage in UL than LTE 2.6G.
n
LTE can reuse existing 3G sites, no additional LTE alone sites are required at the beginning of LTE deployment.
7056
7000 6000 5000 3634
4000 2690
3000
2528 1397
2000 1000
256
643
512
1024
Uplink Cell Radius Comparison
HSPA+2.1G@5MHz 0 LTE2.6G@5MHz
0.56(km)
0.7
0.36(km)
Cell Radius
0.67 0.59
0.6
Cell Radius(km)
LTE2.6G@20MHz
0.90(km)
0.5
0.49
0.46 0.46
0.41 0.41 0.35 0.35
0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1
HSPA+2.1G@5MHz 0 LTE2.6G@5MHz LTE2.6G@20MHz
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128kbps
256kbps
Cell Edge Throughput
Page 12
512kbps
Agenda 1
LTE RNP Overview
2
LTE RNP Dimensioning Coverage Dimensioning Capacity Dimensioning Active User Dimensioning S1&X2 Dimensioning
3
LTE Co-location Solution
4
LTE Deployment Strategy
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Page 13
LTE Capacity Dimensioning Flow Start Configuration Analysis
Cell Average Throughput Calculation
Traffic Model Analysis
Subscribers Supported per Cell eNodeB Number (initialized by Coverage Dimensioning)
Total Subscribers
Satisfy Capacity Requirement?
No
Yes eNodeB Number
End
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Page 14
Adjust eNodeB Number
LTE Cell Average Throughput Calculation Input
Output
Scenario Parameters
－ Morphology － Sectorization － Bandwidth …
MC Parameters － snapshot numbers － Schedule Strategy …
Cell Parameters
Cell Average Throughput
MonteCarlo Simulation
－ Carrier Frequency － Carrier power …
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Page 15
LTE Cell Average Throughput n LTE 2600MHz Cell Average Throughput with different bandwidth Frequency
Bandwidth
5MHz
10MHz 2600MHz 15MHz
20MHz
Scenario
Cell Average Throughput Peak Throughput（Multi-users） DL(Mbps)
UL(Mbps)
DL(Mbps)
UL(Mbps)
Urban
8.173
4.715
43
39
Suburban
6.266
3.342
43
39
Urban
16.918
9.761
86
55
Suburban
12.971
6.918
86
55
Urban
25.546
14.739
129
126
Suburban
19.587
10.446
129
126
Urban
34.344
19.814
172
165
Suburban
26.332
14.044
172
165
n Capacity comparison with different frequency band LTE Cell Average Throughput (Urban) Frequency Band (MHz)
Bandwidth (MHz)
DL (Mbps)
UL (Mbps)
2600
20
34.344
19.814
1800
20
34.719
21.675
800
20
35.218
24.704
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Page 16
Capacity Comparison b/w HSPA+ and LTE UL Cell Average Throughput(Mbps) 20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 HSUPA 10ms
HSUPA 2ms
HSUPA 16QAM
LTE 5 MHz
LTE 10MHz
LTE 20MHz
DL Cell Average Throughput(Mbps) LTE 20MHz 35.00 30.00 25.00 HSPA+ (64QAM)
20.00 15.00 10.00
HSPA (16QAM)
HSPA+ (MIMO+64QAM) HSPA+ (MIMO)
LTE 10MHz
HSPA+ (DC+64QAM)
HSPA+ (DC+16QAM)
LTE 5MHz
5.00 0.00
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Page 17
Traffic Model Analysis UL Traffic Parameters
DL
Bearer Rate (Kbps)
PPP Session Time(s)
PPP Session Duty Ratio
BLER
Bearer Rate (Kbps)
PPP Session Time(s)
PPP Session Duty Ratio
BLER
VoIP
26.90
108
0.6
1%
26.90
108
0.6
1%
Video Phone
62.53
36
1
1%
62.53
36
1
1%
Video Conference
62.53
1800
1
1%
62.53
1800
1
1%
IMS Signalling
15.63
7
0.2
1%
15.63
7
0.2
1%
Web Browsing
62.53
1800
0.05
1%
250.11
1800
0.05
1%
File Transfer
140.69
600
1
1%
750.34
600
1
1%
P2P file sharing
250.11
1200
1
1%
750.34
1200
1
1%
User Behavior
Traffic Penetration Ratio
BHSA
Video Conference
0.00%
IMS Signalling
Busy Hour Throughput Per User (bps) UL
DL
0.2
6316
6316
0.00%
5
31
31
Web Browsing
100.00%
0.4
632
2526
File Transfer
20.00%
0.2
4737
25264
Email
10.00%
0.2
395
632
P2P file sharing
20.00%
0.4
33685
101055
-
-
8355
27853
Total
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Page 18
Traffic Model Comparison b/w LTE and UMTS Standard UMTS Traffic Model
Standard LTE Traffic Model
Service type
Unit
UL Throughput
DL Throughput
Unit
Value
Voice
Erl/BH
0.0400
0.0400
VOIP
mErl/BH
40
CS64
Erl/BH
0.000320
0.000320
Video Phone
mErl/BH
10
PS64
Kbit/BH
460.80
69.12
Other PS Traffic
Kbps
50
PS128
Kbit/BH
0.00
1105.92
Total UL Traffic
Kbps
11.27
PS384
Kbit/BH
0.00
207.36
Total DL Traffic
Kbps
41.27
CS over HSPA
Erl/BH
0.0000
0.0000
VoIP over HSPA
Erl/BH
0.0000
0.0000
HSPA
Kbit/BH
5299.20
15897.60
n UMTS traffic model is much more complex than that of LTE because there are many
kinds of CS and PS services in UMTS. n There are only PS services (even VOIP and Video Phone) in LTE so that LTE traffic model can be very simple;
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Page 19
LTE Capacity Dimensioning Case Study Step 1
DL Cell Average Capacity
a 34.344Mbps/cell
Step 2
Designed DL Cell Loading
b 50% Cell loading assumed
Step 3
Designed DL Cell Capacity
c = a x b =17.127Mpbs
Step 4
Peak to Average Ratio
Step 5
Average DL BH Throughput/sub.
e 20kbps
Step 6
Sector number per site
f 3 sectors
Step 7
Subscribers supported in a site
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Assumptions: • S111 • 20MHz • 20kbps per user in DL • Peak to Average Ratio 20% in BH
d 20%
g = c * f / (1+d)/e = 2140 subscribers
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Page 20
Agenda 1
LTE RNP Overview
2
LTE RNP Dimensioning Coverage Dimensioning Capacity Dimensioning Active User Dimensioning S1&X2 Dimensioning
3
LTE Co-location Solution
4
LTE Deployment Strategy
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Page 21
Active User Dimensioning Active User Definition §
Active users is also called RRC-Connected Users which refer to the users having a RRC connection with the network
§
Directly influences eNodeB quotation and controlled by software license
PPP Session Data call (session) WWW
Data call (session) WWW
•
BHCA: Busy Hour Session Attempt
•
PPP Time: Duration of PPP Session
•
Ratio of RRC to PPP: Percentage of RRC during one PPP session
•
Number of User: Number of users using service i
time RRC_Connected (Active User)
RRC
RRC1
RRC2
RRC3 RRC_Idle
Packets
time
Packet2 Packet1
Packet3
time
Number _ ActiveUser _ i = BHSA * PPP _ Session _ Time * RatRrcToPPP * Number _ User / 3600 Total _ Number _ ActiveUser = ∑ Number _ ActiveUser _ i * Percentage _ Service _ i i
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Page 22
Active User Dimensioning Case Study User Parameter
scene
Dense Urban
Urban
DL
UL
Percenta ge
RatRrcT oPPP
RatPack ToRrc
Ave data rate in packet( kbps)
RatRrcT oPPP
RatPack ToRrc
Ave data rate in packet(k bps)
UE Type
BHCA
PPPTime (s)
Handset
1.4
300
70%
1
0.4
128
1
0.4
128
Data Card
2.5
300
20%
0.8
0.8
500
0.8
0.5
100
Wireless DSL
1
2400
10%
0.9
0.8
300
0.9
0.3
100
Handset
1.3
80
50%
1
0.4
50
1
0.4
50
Data Card
2
300
30%
0.8
0.8
220
0.4
0.8
100
Wireless DSL
0.8
1800
20%
0.6
0.7
300
0.3
0.7
100
Dense Urban Parameter Throughput/User/BH (kbps)
Urban
DL
UL
DL
UL
31.9
7.6
17.4
3.6
number of subscribers in one Site
398
800
Num Active User
70
82
0.18
0.10
Active Ratio Ave data rate /Active User (kbps)
181.5
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169.8
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=Min (Total number of Subscribers / Total number of eNodeBs, maximum subscribers supported considering traffic requirement)
34.8
Page 23
Active User Dimensioning Case Study User Behavior
Traffic Penetration Ratio
BHSA
PPP Session Time(s)
RatRrcToP PP
Active Time
VoIP
100.00%
1
108
1
108.00
Video Phone
100.00%
1
36
1
36.00
Video Conference
0.00%
0.2
1800
1
0.00
Real Time Gaming
0.00%
0.2
1800
0.8
0.00
Streaming Media
0.00%
0.2
3600
0.8
0.00
IMS Signalling
0.00%
5
7
0.8
0.00
Web Browsing
100.00%
0.4
1800
0.8
576.00
File Transfer
20.00%
0.2
600
0.8
19.20
Email
10.00%
0.2
50
0.8
0.80
P2P File Sharing
20.00%
0.4
1200
0.8
76.80
Active Time per Subscriber
-
-
-
-
816.80
Active Factor per Subscriber
-
-
-
-
0.23
Max. Subscriber Number Supported per Site
-
-
-
-
860.00
Actual Subscriber Number per Site
-
-
-
-
135.00
Active User Number per Site
-
-
-
-
30.63
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Page 24
Agenda 1
LTE RNP Overview
2
LTE RNP Dimensioning Coverage Dimensioning Capacity Dimensioning Active User Dimensioning S1&X2 Dimensioning
3
LTE Co-location Solution
4
LTE Deployment Strategy
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Page 25
S1&X2 Interface of LTE 2G/3G: Legacy Architecture
LTE: Flat Architecture
MSC/SGSN/GGSN
BSC
BTS
BTS
RNC
NodeB
NodeB
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Page 26
S1&X2 Dimensioning Case Study (1) Traffic TrafficRatio RatioofofUL UL== 1/(1+4) = 20%
Traffic TrafficRatio RatioofofDL DL== 4/(1+4) = 80%
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1) Uplink and downlink busy hour data BH Data Data Traffic/Subs. Traffic/Subs. (UL) (UL) Data Traffic/Subs. (UL) ==Data Traffic of all QCI ** Data Traffic of all QCItype/Subs. type/Subs. = BH Data Traffic/Sub.*Traffic Ratio of UL Traffic TrafficRatio RatioofofUL UL = 25kbps * 20% =5kbps
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traffic volume per subscriber is 25kbps
BH Data Data Traffic/Subs. Traffic/Subs. (DL) (DL) Data Traffic/Subs. (DL) ==Data Traffic of all QCI * Data Traffic of all QCItype/Subs. type/Subs. =BH Data Traffic/Subs.*Traffic Ratio *of DL Traffic TrafficRatio RatioofofDL DL = 25kbps * 80% = 20kbps
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2) Traffic data ratio for uplink and downlink is 1:4 3) Peak to average traffic ratio is 1.2 4) Number of subscribers per eNodeB
Data Traffic Throughput/Subs. In Mac layer = Data Traffic/Subs *ER = 5 * 1.37 = 6.85(UL)
is 1000 5) Assuming IPV4 and IPsec with
Traffic Peak Ratio = 1.2 T_UL_Data Traffic/Subs. = 6.85*1.2 = 8.22kbps
tunnel mode is used for IP over Ethernet transmission 6) Assuming the packet size is 300
Data Traffic Throughput/Subs. In Mac layer = Data Traffic/Subs *ER = 20 * 1.37 = 27.4kbps(DL)
T_DL_Data Traffic/Subs. = 27.4*1.2 = 32.88kbps
Subs/Site = 1000 T_UL_user plane/site = T_UL_Data Traffic/Subs. * Subs/site = 8.22 * 1000 = 8.22Mbps
T_DL_user plane/site = T_DL_Data Traffic/Subs. * Subs/site = 32.88 * 1000 = 32.88Mbps
bytes which means the ER is 1.37
T_Total_user plane/site = T_UL_user plane/site + T_DL_user plane/site = 8.22 + 32.88 = 41.1Mbps
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Page 27
S1&X2 Dimensioning Case Study (2) Control Plane T _ control plane = T _ Total _ user _ Plane / Site * 2 = 41.1* 2% = 0.82Mbps
S1 Bandwidth T _ S1 / Site = T _ control _ Plane / Site + T _ Total _ user _ plane / Site = 0.82 + 41.1 = 41.92 Mbps
X2 Bandwidth T _ X 2 / Site = T _ S1 / Site * 3% = 41.92 * 3% = 1.26Mbps
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Page 28
Comparison between Iub and S1 Bandwidth Iub Bandwidth Input Subscribers Subs per NodeB
Iub Dimensioning
S1 Bandwidth Output
Input
Iub Bandwidth
Uplink and downlink data Traffic per subs.
Voice Traffic VP Traffic
GoS Requirements
Output
CS Iub Bandwidth
PS Iub Bandwidth
CS Traffic
S1 User Plane Dimensioning
HSPA Iub Bandwidth
Throughput at Mac layer/Subs.
S1 user Plane Throughput
Extension Ratio (ER)
PS Traffic PS64 Throughput PS128 Throughput PS384 Throughput
Bandwidth for Traffic
Peak to Average Ratio
PS Retransmission
HSPA Traffic
Peak Throughput at Mac layer/Subs.
Common Channel Bandwidth
Subscribers Per eNodeB
Signalling Bandwidth
Peak Throughput at Mac layer/Site
O&M Bandwidth
IubTotal = Max [ IubCS _ Peak , ( IubPS + IubCS _ Average + IubHSPA )] + IubSignalling + IubCCH + IubO& M
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S 1 = T _ user plane + T _ control plane = (1 + 2%) * T _ user plane
Page 29
Agenda 1
LTE RNP Overview
2
LTE RNP Dimensioning
3
LTE Co-location Solution
4
LTE Deployment Strategy
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Page 30
LTE Co-location General Consideration Ø Co-existing Systems Interference Guard band & isolation requirement
Ø Installation Space Ø Tower Load Ø Impact on existing network Coverage performance, optimization
Ø Civil Work & Maintenance Ø Cost Reuse & replacing
Ø etc…
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Page 31
Typical Co-location Scenario - Separate Antenna & Feeder Just taking wide-band for example
Single-band 2600 (K80010541)
Advantages ü No impact on the performance of existing network. ü Independent tilt and azimuth, independent network planning and optimization.
Disadvantages ü Require more installation space for both antenna and feeder. ü Require higher tower load. ü Too many antennas, causing vision pollution.
Recommendation ü The highest priority of 2G/3G
2G/3G
LTE 2600
consideration
Existing equipments
Existing 2G/3G
2G/3G + LTE
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New equipments
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Typical Co-location Scenario - Separate Antenna, Shared Feeder Advantages Single-band 2600 (K80010541)
ü Reusing existing feeder, no need additional space for new feeder. ü Independent tilt and azimuth, independent network planning and optimization.
Disadvantages ü Require more antenna installation Combiner is required.
space and higher tower load. ü Additional diplexer cost. ü Additional diplexer loss, negative impact on existing network ü Too many antennas, causing vision pollution.
Recommendation 2G/3G
ü Applicable to impossible 2G/3G
LTE
additional feeder Existing equipments
Existing 2G/3G
2G/3G + LTE
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Typical Co-location Scenario - Shared Antenna, Separate Feeder Multi-band without interior combiner (K80010544/ K80010622)
Advantages ü No need additional space for new antenna . ü No or Small impact on performance of existing network.
Disadvantages ü Require more feeder installation space. ü Replacing new antenna. ü Independent tilt but same azimuth, partly independent network planning and optimization.
Recommendation ü New antenna should keep same beam width and gain for least 2G/3G
2G/3G
LTE
negative impact on existing network. Existing equipments
Existing 2G/3G
2G/3G + LTE
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Typical Co-location Scenario - Shared Antenna & Feeder (1) Multi-band without interior combiner (K80010544/ K80010622)
Advantages ü No need additional space for new antenna and feeder. ü Reusing existing feeder.
Disadvantages ü Replacing new antenna. ü Independent tilt but same azimuth, partly independent network planning Combiner is required.
and optimization. ü Additional diplexer cost and loss, negative impact on existing network.
Recommendation ü New antenna should keep same beam width for least negative impact on existing network. 2G/3G
ü RRU installed near the antenna. 2G/3G
LTE
ü Thicker feeder (optional). Existing equipments
Existing 2G/3G
2G/3G + LTE
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Typical Co-location Scenario - Shared Antenna & Feeder (2) Advantages Wide-band (K80010621)
ü No need additional space for new antenna and feeder. ü Reusing existing feeder.
Disadvantages ü Replacing new antenna or existing antenna is wide band. Combiner is required.
ü Same tilt & azimuth, impossible independent network planning and optimization. ü Additional diplexer cost and loss, negative impact on existing network.
Recommendation ü New antenna should keep same beam width for least negative impact on existing network. 2G/3G
2G/3G
LTE
ü It ‘s not recommended if other solution is applicable. Existing equipments
Existing 2G/3G
2G/3G + LTE
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Agenda 1
LTE RNP Overview
2
LTE RNP Dimensioning
3
LTE Co-location Solution
4
LTE Deployment Strategy
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Page 37
LTE Multi-band Deployment Strategy Throughput
High frequency for capacity enhancement Low frequency for nation wide coverage
Area
Urban/Hot Spot l l l
GSM900, GSM1800 UMTS2100 LTE2600, LTE1800
Suburban l l l
GSM900, GSM1800 UMTS2100 LTE1800
Rural/Remote l l l
GSM900, GSM1800 UMTS2100 LTE900
Initiate LTE 2600, refarm GL1800/900 from urban to rural
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LTE Multi-band Deployment Strategy Shifting Voice Traffic to LTE
Shifting Voice Traffic to UMTS
Shifting DATA Traffic to LTE
Year X
Year X+1
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LTE Deployment Strategy Case Phase
Year X
Year Y
Year Z
Deployment Strategy
Description
Continuously cover Dense Urban area and some hotspots in Urban area such as CBD, malls, resorts, VIP area, Rich area and so on.
Number of Sites
a
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Extend to all Suburban area and Continuously cover all cities in Rural/Desert populated spots, as Urban area. Perform optimization well as highway to cover whole and introduce indoor DAS based country. Continue optimization on existing coverage area. and indoor DAS coverage.
b
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Page 40
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LTE Radio Network Planning Introduction www.huawei.com
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Agenda 1
LTE RNP Overview
2
LTE RNP Dimensioning
3
LTE Co-location Solution
4
LTE Deployment Strategy
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Page 2
Huawei LTE Radio Network Planning Main Steps Dimensioning
Preplanning
Inputs: Coverage, Capacity & Service Requirement Outputs: eNodeB coverage radius and site numbers based on capacity calculation
Inputs: Calculated coverage radius, digital
Detailed Planning
map and subscriber distribution information
Outputs: Preliminary eNodeB numbers
Inputs: Coverage target and site survey result Outputs: Actual site location and engineering parameters
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Detail LTE Radio Network Planning Preparation
Agreement achieved by the operator and Huawei
n Coverage area (Dense urban, Urban, Suburban ) n Quality objective (QoS criteria) n Capacity requirement (Subscriber, traffic model) n Link budget parameters (Penetration loss, Propagation model)
Huawei deliver nBackground Interference Test (optional) n Propagation model tuning (optional)
n Site location/ RF parameters configurations n Search ring specifications n prediction & Simulation n Cluster definition for project management
Detailed Planning
n Link budget n Capacity dimensioning n Site numbers/configuration n Cell radius in each morphology n Network development solution
Nominal Planning
n Site survey/candidate site search n Neighbor cell configuration nCell parameters configuration n Algorithm configuration
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The output of dimensioning is important criteria to assess RNP solution
The operator provides: Naming conventions Existing sites information
Network Deployment
Page 4
LTE RNP Output Overview Input
Output Site Type
Coverage Requirement -- Coverage Area -- Polygon Definition
Power/Channel
-- Cell Edge Throughput -- Coverage Probability …
eNodeB Number
Capacity Requirement Active Users
-- Frequency bandwidth -- Subscriber forecast -- Traffic Model …
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S1&X2 Throughput
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Page 5
Agenda 1
LTE RNP Overview
2
LTE RNP Dimensioning Coverage Dimensioning Capacity Dimensioning Active User Dimensioning S1&X2 Dimensioning
3
LTE Co-location Solution
4
LTE Deployment Strategy
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Page 6
LTE Radio Network Dimensioning Flow Start Coverage Requirement
Link Budget Cell Radius
Capacity Requirement
Capacity Dimensioning
Satisfy Capacity Requirement?
No
Adjust eNodeB Number
Yes Active User/S1&X2 Dimensioning eNodeB Amount&Configuration End
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Agenda 1
LTE RNP Overview
2
LTE RNP Dimensioning Coverage Dimensioning Capacity Dimensioning Active User Dimensioning S1&X2 Dimensioning
3
LTE Co-location Solution
4
LTE Deployment Strategy
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Page 8
LTE Coverage Dimensioning Flow n Aim of coverage dimensioning - to obtain the cell radius - to estimate eNodeB number for coverage requirement Start Link Budget Propagation Model
Cell Radius eNodeB Coverage Area
Total Coverage Area/ eNodeB Coverage Area
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Page 9
LTE Link Budget Procedure – Uplink Tx Power
Other Gain
Slow fading margin
UE Antenna Gain
Gain Margin
Interference margin
Loss
Body Loss
Penetration Loss
Power level
Max. Allowed Path Loss
EIRP
Path Loss Cable Loss BTS Ant Gain
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Page 10
Rx Sensitivity
LTE Link Budget Procedure – Downlink
Other Gain
Gain
Slow fading margin
Margin Cable Loss
Loss
Interference margin BTS Ant Gain
EIRP Power level
Max. Allowed Path Loss
Tx Power
Objective: Max. Path Loss
Allowed Path Loss
Penetration Loss
Body Loss
UE Ant Gain
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Page 11
Rx Sensitivity
Coverage Comparison b/w HSPA+ and LTE Downlink Cell Edge Throughput Comparison
Cell Edge Throughput(kbps)
8000
n
LTE 2.6G has much better coverage in DL than HSPA+ 2.1G; But HSPA+ 2.1G has better coverage in UL than LTE 2.6G.
n
LTE can reuse existing 3G sites, no additional LTE alone sites are required at the beginning of LTE deployment.
7056
7000 6000 5000 3634
4000 2690
3000
2528 1397
2000 1000
256
643
512
1024
Uplink Cell Radius Comparison
HSPA+2.1G@5MHz 0 LTE2.6G@5MHz
0.56(km)
0.7
0.36(km)
Cell Radius
0.67 0.59
0.6
Cell Radius(km)
LTE2.6G@20MHz
0.90(km)
0.5
0.49
0.46 0.46
0.41 0.41 0.35 0.35
0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1
HSPA+2.1G@5MHz 0 LTE2.6G@5MHz LTE2.6G@20MHz
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128kbps
256kbps
Cell Edge Throughput
Page 12
512kbps
Agenda 1
LTE RNP Overview
2
LTE RNP Dimensioning Coverage Dimensioning Capacity Dimensioning Active User Dimensioning S1&X2 Dimensioning
3
LTE Co-location Solution
4
LTE Deployment Strategy
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Page 13
LTE Capacity Dimensioning Flow Start Configuration Analysis
Cell Average Throughput Calculation
Traffic Model Analysis
Subscribers Supported per Cell eNodeB Number (initialized by Coverage Dimensioning)
Total Subscribers
Satisfy Capacity Requirement?
No
Yes eNodeB Number
End
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Page 14
Adjust eNodeB Number
LTE Cell Average Throughput Calculation Input
Output
Scenario Parameters
－ Morphology － Sectorization － Bandwidth …
MC Parameters － snapshot numbers － Schedule Strategy …
Cell Parameters
Cell Average Throughput
MonteCarlo Simulation
－ Carrier Frequency － Carrier power …
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Page 15
LTE Cell Average Throughput n LTE 2600MHz Cell Average Throughput with different bandwidth Frequency
Bandwidth
5MHz
10MHz 2600MHz 15MHz
20MHz
Scenario
Cell Average Throughput Peak Throughput（Multi-users） DL(Mbps)
UL(Mbps)
DL(Mbps)
UL(Mbps)
Urban
8.173
4.715
43
39
Suburban
6.266
3.342
43
39
Urban
16.918
9.761
86
55
Suburban
12.971
6.918
86
55
Urban
25.546
14.739
129
126
Suburban
19.587
10.446
129
126
Urban
34.344
19.814
172
165
Suburban
26.332
14.044
172
165
n Capacity comparison with different frequency band LTE Cell Average Throughput (Urban) Frequency Band (MHz)
Bandwidth (MHz)
DL (Mbps)
UL (Mbps)
2600
20
34.344
19.814
1800
20
34.719
21.675
800
20
35.218
24.704
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Page 16
Capacity Comparison b/w HSPA+ and LTE UL Cell Average Throughput(Mbps) 20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 HSUPA 10ms
HSUPA 2ms
HSUPA 16QAM
LTE 5 MHz
LTE 10MHz
LTE 20MHz
DL Cell Average Throughput(Mbps) LTE 20MHz 35.00 30.00 25.00 HSPA+ (64QAM)
20.00 15.00 10.00
HSPA (16QAM)
HSPA+ (MIMO+64QAM) HSPA+ (MIMO)
LTE 10MHz
HSPA+ (DC+64QAM)
HSPA+ (DC+16QAM)
LTE 5MHz
5.00 0.00
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Page 17
Traffic Model Analysis UL Traffic Parameters
DL
Bearer Rate (Kbps)
PPP Session Time(s)
PPP Session Duty Ratio
BLER
Bearer Rate (Kbps)
PPP Session Time(s)
PPP Session Duty Ratio
BLER
VoIP
26.90
108
0.6
1%
26.90
108
0.6
1%
Video Phone
62.53
36
1
1%
62.53
36
1
1%
Video Conference
62.53
1800
1
1%
62.53
1800
1
1%
IMS Signalling
15.63
7
0.2
1%
15.63
7
0.2
1%
Web Browsing
62.53
1800
0.05
1%
250.11
1800
0.05
1%
File Transfer
140.69
600
1
1%
750.34
600
1
1%
P2P file sharing
250.11
1200
1
1%
750.34
1200
1
1%
User Behavior
Traffic Penetration Ratio
BHSA
Video Conference
0.00%
IMS Signalling
Busy Hour Throughput Per User (bps) UL
DL
0.2
6316
6316
0.00%
5
31
31
Web Browsing
100.00%
0.4
632
2526
File Transfer
20.00%
0.2
4737
25264
10.00%
0.2
395
632
P2P file sharing
20.00%
0.4
33685
101055
-
-
8355
27853
Total
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Page 18
Traffic Model Comparison b/w LTE and UMTS Standard UMTS Traffic Model
Standard LTE Traffic Model
Service type
Unit
UL Throughput
DL Throughput
Unit
Value
Voice
Erl/BH
0.0400
0.0400
VOIP
mErl/BH
40
CS64
Erl/BH
0.000320
0.000320
Video Phone
mErl/BH
10
PS64
Kbit/BH
460.80
69.12
Other PS Traffic
Kbps
50
PS128
Kbit/BH
0.00
1105.92
Total UL Traffic
Kbps
11.27
PS384
Kbit/BH
0.00
207.36
Total DL Traffic
Kbps
41.27
CS over HSPA
Erl/BH
0.0000
0.0000
VoIP over HSPA
Erl/BH
0.0000
0.0000
HSPA
Kbit/BH
5299.20
15897.60
n UMTS traffic model is much more complex than that of LTE because there are many
kinds of CS and PS services in UMTS. n There are only PS services (even VOIP and Video Phone) in LTE so that LTE traffic model can be very simple;
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Page 19
LTE Capacity Dimensioning Case Study Step 1
DL Cell Average Capacity
a 34.344Mbps/cell
Step 2
Designed DL Cell Loading
b 50% Cell loading assumed
Step 3
Designed DL Cell Capacity
c = a x b =17.127Mpbs
Step 4
Peak to Average Ratio
Step 5
Average DL BH Throughput/sub.
e 20kbps
Step 6
Sector number per site
f 3 sectors
Step 7
Subscribers supported in a site
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Assumptions: • S111 • 20MHz • 20kbps per user in DL • Peak to Average Ratio 20% in BH
d 20%
g = c * f / (1+d)/e = 2140 subscribers
Huawei Confidential
Page 20
Agenda 1
LTE RNP Overview
2
LTE RNP Dimensioning Coverage Dimensioning Capacity Dimensioning Active User Dimensioning S1&X2 Dimensioning
3
LTE Co-location Solution
4
LTE Deployment Strategy
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Page 21
Active User Dimensioning Active User Definition §
Active users is also called RRC-Connected Users which refer to the users having a RRC connection with the network
§
Directly influences eNodeB quotation and controlled by software license
PPP Session Data call (session) WWW
Data call (session) WWW
•
BHCA: Busy Hour Session Attempt
•
PPP Time: Duration of PPP Session
•
Ratio of RRC to PPP: Percentage of RRC during one PPP session
•
Number of User: Number of users using service i
time RRC_Connected (Active User)
RRC
RRC1
RRC2
RRC3 RRC_Idle
Packets
time
Packet2 Packet1
Packet3
time
Number _ ActiveUser _ i = BHSA * PPP _ Session _ Time * RatRrcToPPP * Number _ User / 3600 Total _ Number _ ActiveUser = ∑ Number _ ActiveUser _ i * Percentage _ Service _ i i
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Active User Dimensioning Case Study User Parameter
scene
Dense Urban
Urban
DL
UL
Percenta ge
RatRrcT oPPP
RatPack ToRrc
Ave data rate in packet( kbps)
RatRrcT oPPP
RatPack ToRrc
Ave data rate in packet(k bps)
UE Type
BHCA
PPPTime (s)
Handset
1.4
300
70%
1
0.4
128
1
0.4
128
Data Card
2.5
300
20%
0.8
0.8
500
0.8
0.5
100
Wireless DSL
1
2400
10%
0.9
0.8
300
0.9
0.3
100
Handset
1.3
80
50%
1
0.4
50
1
0.4
50
Data Card
2
300
30%
0.8
0.8
220
0.4
0.8
100
Wireless DSL
0.8
1800
20%
0.6
0.7
300
0.3
0.7
100
Dense Urban Parameter Throughput/User/BH (kbps)
Urban
DL
UL
DL
UL
31.9
7.6
17.4
3.6
number of subscribers in one Site
398
800
Num Active User
70
82
0.18
0.10
Active Ratio Ave data rate /Active User (kbps)
181.5
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169.8
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=Min (Total number of Subscribers / Total number of eNodeBs, maximum subscribers supported considering traffic requirement)
34.8
Page 23
Active User Dimensioning Case Study User Behavior
Traffic Penetration Ratio
BHSA
PPP Session Time(s)
RatRrcToP PP
Active Time
VoIP
100.00%
1
108
1
108.00
Video Phone
100.00%
1
36
1
36.00
Video Conference
0.00%
0.2
1800
1
0.00
Real Time Gaming
0.00%
0.2
1800
0.8
0.00
Streaming Media
0.00%
0.2
3600
0.8
0.00
IMS Signalling
0.00%
5
7
0.8
0.00
Web Browsing
100.00%
0.4
1800
0.8
576.00
File Transfer
20.00%
0.2
600
0.8
19.20
10.00%
0.2
50
0.8
0.80
P2P File Sharing
20.00%
0.4
1200
0.8
76.80
Active Time per Subscriber
-
-
-
-
816.80
Active Factor per Subscriber
-
-
-
-
0.23
Max. Subscriber Number Supported per Site
-
-
-
-
860.00
Actual Subscriber Number per Site
-
-
-
-
135.00
Active User Number per Site
-
-
-
-
30.63
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Page 24
Agenda 1
LTE RNP Overview
2
LTE RNP Dimensioning Coverage Dimensioning Capacity Dimensioning Active User Dimensioning S1&X2 Dimensioning
3
LTE Co-location Solution
4
LTE Deployment Strategy
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Page 25
S1&X2 Interface of LTE 2G/3G: Legacy Architecture
LTE: Flat Architecture
MSC/SGSN/GGSN
BSC
BTS
BTS
RNC
NodeB
NodeB
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S1&X2 Dimensioning Case Study (1) Traffic TrafficRatio RatioofofUL UL== 1/(1+4) = 20%
Traffic TrafficRatio RatioofofDL DL== 4/(1+4) = 80%
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1) Uplink and downlink busy hour data BH Data Data Traffic/Subs. Traffic/Subs. (UL) (UL) Data Traffic/Subs. (UL) ==Data Traffic of all QCI ** Data Traffic of all QCItype/Subs. type/Subs. = BH Data Traffic/Sub.*Traffic Ratio of UL Traffic TrafficRatio RatioofofUL UL = 25kbps * 20% =5kbps
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traffic volume per subscriber is 25kbps
BH Data Data Traffic/Subs. Traffic/Subs. (DL) (DL) Data Traffic/Subs. (DL) ==Data Traffic of all QCI * Data Traffic of all QCItype/Subs. type/Subs. =BH Data Traffic/Subs.*Traffic Ratio *of DL Traffic TrafficRatio RatioofofDL DL = 25kbps * 80% = 20kbps
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2) Traffic data ratio for uplink and downlink is 1:4 3) Peak to average traffic ratio is 1.2 4) Number of subscribers per eNodeB
Data Traffic Throughput/Subs. In Mac layer = Data Traffic/Subs *ER = 5 * 1.37 = 6.85(UL)
is 1000 5) Assuming IPV4 and IPsec with
Traffic Peak Ratio = 1.2 T_UL_Data Traffic/Subs. = 6.85*1.2 = 8.22kbps
tunnel mode is used for IP over Ethernet transmission 6) Assuming the packet size is 300
Data Traffic Throughput/Subs. In Mac layer = Data Traffic/Subs *ER = 20 * 1.37 = 27.4kbps(DL)
T_DL_Data Traffic/Subs. = 27.4*1.2 = 32.88kbps
Subs/Site = 1000 T_UL_user plane/site = T_UL_Data Traffic/Subs. * Subs/site = 8.22 * 1000 = 8.22Mbps
T_DL_user plane/site = T_DL_Data Traffic/Subs. * Subs/site = 32.88 * 1000 = 32.88Mbps
bytes which means the ER is 1.37
T_Total_user plane/site = T_UL_user plane/site + T_DL_user plane/site = 8.22 + 32.88 = 41.1Mbps
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Page 27
S1&X2 Dimensioning Case Study (2) Control Plane T _ control plane = T _ Total _ user _ Plane / Site * 2 = 41.1* 2% = 0.82Mbps
S1 Bandwidth T _ S1 / Site = T _ control _ Plane / Site + T _ Total _ user _ plane / Site = 0.82 + 41.1 = 41.92 Mbps
X2 Bandwidth T _ X 2 / Site = T _ S1 / Site * 3% = 41.92 * 3% = 1.26Mbps
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Page 28
Comparison between Iub and S1 Bandwidth Iub Bandwidth Input Subscribers Subs per NodeB
Iub Dimensioning
S1 Bandwidth Output
Input
Iub Bandwidth
Uplink and downlink data Traffic per subs.
Voice Traffic VP Traffic
GoS Requirements
Output
CS Iub Bandwidth
PS Iub Bandwidth
CS Traffic
S1 User Plane Dimensioning
HSPA Iub Bandwidth
Throughput at Mac layer/Subs.
S1 user Plane Throughput
Extension Ratio (ER)
PS Traffic PS64 Throughput PS128 Throughput PS384 Throughput
Bandwidth for Traffic
Peak to Average Ratio
PS Retransmission
HSPA Traffic
Peak Throughput at Mac layer/Subs.
Common Channel Bandwidth
Subscribers Per eNodeB
Signalling Bandwidth
Peak Throughput at Mac layer/Site
O&M Bandwidth
IubTotal = Max [ IubCS _ Peak , ( IubPS + IubCS _ Average + IubHSPA )] + IubSignalling + IubCCH + IubO& M
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S 1 = T _ user plane + T _ control plane = (1 + 2%) * T _ user plane
Page 29
Agenda 1
LTE RNP Overview
2
LTE RNP Dimensioning
3
LTE Co-location Solution
4
LTE Deployment Strategy
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Page 30
LTE Co-location General Consideration Ø Co-existing Systems Interference Guard band & isolation requirement
Ø Installation Space Ø Tower Load Ø Impact on existing network Coverage performance, optimization
Ø Civil Work & Maintenance Ø Cost Reuse & replacing
Ø etc…
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Typical Co-location Scenario - Separate Antenna & Feeder Just taking wide-band for example
Single-band 2600 (K80010541)
Advantages ü No impact on the performance of existing network. ü Independent tilt and azimuth, independent network planning and optimization.
Disadvantages ü Require more installation space for both antenna and feeder. ü Require higher tower load. ü Too many antennas, causing vision pollution.
Recommendation ü The highest priority of 2G/3G
2G/3G
LTE 2600
consideration
Existing equipments
Existing 2G/3G
2G/3G + LTE
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Typical Co-location Scenario - Separate Antenna, Shared Feeder Advantages Single-band 2600 (K80010541)
ü Reusing existing feeder, no need additional space for new feeder. ü Independent tilt and azimuth, independent network planning and optimization.
Disadvantages ü Require more antenna installation Combiner is required.
space and higher tower load. ü Additional diplexer cost. ü Additional diplexer loss, negative impact on existing network ü Too many antennas, causing vision pollution.
Recommendation 2G/3G
ü Applicable to impossible 2G/3G
LTE
additional feeder Existing equipments
Existing 2G/3G
2G/3G + LTE
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Typical Co-location Scenario - Shared Antenna, Separate Feeder Multi-band without interior combiner (K80010544/ K80010622)
Advantages ü No need additional space for new antenna . ü No or Small impact on performance of existing network.
Disadvantages ü Require more feeder installation space. ü Replacing new antenna. ü Independent tilt but same azimuth, partly independent network planning and optimization.
Recommendation ü New antenna should keep same beam width and gain for least 2G/3G
2G/3G
LTE
negative impact on existing network. Existing equipments
Existing 2G/3G
2G/3G + LTE
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Typical Co-location Scenario - Shared Antenna & Feeder (1) Multi-band without interior combiner (K80010544/ K80010622)
Advantages ü No need additional space for new antenna and feeder. ü Reusing existing feeder.
Disadvantages ü Replacing new antenna. ü Independent tilt but same azimuth, partly independent network planning Combiner is required.
and optimization. ü Additional diplexer cost and loss, negative impact on existing network.
Recommendation ü New antenna should keep same beam width for least negative impact on existing network. 2G/3G
ü RRU installed near the antenna. 2G/3G
LTE
ü Thicker feeder (optional). Existing equipments
Existing 2G/3G
2G/3G + LTE
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Typical Co-location Scenario - Shared Antenna & Feeder (2) Advantages Wide-band (K80010621)
ü No need additional space for new antenna and feeder. ü Reusing existing feeder.
Disadvantages ü Replacing new antenna or existing antenna is wide band. Combiner is required.
ü Same tilt & azimuth, impossible independent network planning and optimization. ü Additional diplexer cost and loss, negative impact on existing network.
Recommendation ü New antenna should keep same beam width for least negative impact on existing network. 2G/3G
2G/3G
LTE
ü It ‘s not recommended if other solution is applicable. Existing equipments
Existing 2G/3G
2G/3G + LTE
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Agenda 1
LTE RNP Overview
2
LTE RNP Dimensioning
3
LTE Co-location Solution
4
LTE Deployment Strategy
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LTE Multi-band Deployment Strategy Throughput
High frequency for capacity enhancement Low frequency for nation wide coverage
Area
Urban/Hot Spot l l l
GSM900, GSM1800 UMTS2100 LTE2600, LTE1800
Suburban l l l
GSM900, GSM1800 UMTS2100 LTE1800
Rural/Remote l l l
GSM900, GSM1800 UMTS2100 LTE900
Initiate LTE 2600, refarm GL1800/900 from urban to rural
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LTE Multi-band Deployment Strategy Shifting Voice Traffic to LTE
Shifting Voice Traffic to UMTS
Shifting DATA Traffic to LTE
Year X
Year X+1
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LTE Deployment Strategy Case Phase
Year X
Year Y
Year Z
Deployment Strategy
Description
Continuously cover Dense Urban area and some hotspots in Urban area such as CBD, malls, resorts, VIP area, Rich area and so on.
Number of Sites
a
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Extend to all Suburban area and Continuously cover all cities in Rural/Desert populated spots, as Urban area. Perform optimization well as highway to cover whole and introduce indoor DAS based country. Continue optimization on existing coverage area. and indoor DAS coverage.
b
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c
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