4 2 Notes

The Middle Colonies Chapter 4 Section 2 New Netherland becomes New York

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Fur Traders

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Farmers granted large plots of land (miles long)

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Patroons- owners of huge estates. Powerful

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New Amsterdam was major trading center

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Slaves made up more than ¼ of the population

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Protestants, but tolerated other religions

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1664 English/Dutch rivalry peaked and English took over renaming it New York

New Jersey Separates from New York

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Duke of York decided New York was too big Gave some land to friends who set up New Jersey Proprietary Colony- land given for a yearly payment Fertile farmland 1702- New Jersey becomes a royal colony (under direct control of the English crown) Religious freedom & right to an assembly

The Founding of Pennsylvania •

William Penn- founder 1681

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Quakers –

Most despised religion in England

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All people were equal in God’s eyes

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Spoke out against war and refused to join the army

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Persecuted

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King Charles II named it after Penn and issued the royal charter

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A Policy of Fairness

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A model of religious freedom, peace, Christian living

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Many different types of religions flocked to Pennsylvania

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English officials soon banned Catholics & Jews

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Penn spoke out about the treatment of Indians

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Settlers must pay Indians for the land

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Indians like Penn, peace prevailed

The Colonies Grow –

Penn sends pamphlets back to Europe inviting people to come to Pennsylvania

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1730-1750- 1/3 of the population was slaves

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Philadelphia became the capitol, described as

“most noble, well built city ever seen” •

Delaware –

Pennsylvania Lower Countries complained it was too far to Philadelphia

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1701 Penn allows the creation of a new assembly

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1704- Penn allows them to break off and form Delaware

Life in the Middle Colonies •

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A Thriving Economy in the Eastern Counties –

Great Farmland – large farms

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Cash Crops- crops sold at a market for money

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Wheat, Barley, and Rye, (Breadbasket Colonies)

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Cattle and Pigs

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Skilled artisans- clocks, paper, glass, guns

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Region rich in Iron Ore

Middle Colony Homes –

Towns less important, villages became important centers for government

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Swedish brought log cabins

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Dutch brought brick narrow tall housing

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German brought wood burning stoves

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Families made or caught everything they needed

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The Backcountry –

1700’s German and Irish settlers moved into Appalachian Mountain region

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Moved along old Iroquois trails known as the Great Wagon Road

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Farming this region was challenging

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Made everything from the cleared forests

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Light weight rifle developed by Germans

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Indians not excited to see the new settlers

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Occasional violence and disputes broke out