2soft Tissue Injuries
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SOFT TISSUE INJURIES Tears, Sprains, Contusions Ligament: A band of strong connective tissue that connects bones and holds organs in place.
Tendon: The fibrous band of tissue that connects muscle to bone.
Can be acute (occurring suddenly, e.g. sprain) or chronic (prolonged)
What are soft-tissue injuries? Many activities can lead to soft-tissue damage of muscles, ligaments, and tendons. The result can be pain, swelling, bruising, and damage. Soft-tissue injuries are classified as the following: * contusions (bruises) * sprains * strains Athletes and non-athletes share many similar softtissue injuries. What is a contusion? A contusion (bruise) is an injury to the soft tissue often produced by a blunt force such as a kick, fall, or blow. The result will be pain, swelling, and discoloration. Treatment for contusions includes Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation (R.I.C.E.R). More serious contusions may need to be examined by a physician.
What is a sprain? Illustration demonstrating the involved in ankle sprains/strains
three
ligaments
A sprain is an injury to a ligament and is often caused by a wrench or twist. Sprains often affect the ankles, knees, or wrists. The treatment for a sprain includes Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation (R.I.C.E.R). If the ligament is torn, surgical repair may be necessary.
What is a strain? A strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon, and is often caused by overuse, force, or stretching. The treatment for a strain is Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation (R.I.C.E.R). If a tear in the muscle occurs, surgical repair may be necessary.
Tears, Sprains and Contusions * Tear: tissue is excessively stretched or severed, two types: o Sprain: from the stretching/tearing of ligaments, movement causes sharp pain. Classified according to severity, in three degrees o Strain: when a muscle/tendon is stretched or torn. Ligaments are strong, rigid and heal slowly * Contusion: a bruise, caused by a sudden blow to the body o Interrupt blood flow to surrounding tissue o A haematoma (blood tumour) forms as the blood clots
Inflammatory Response * the healing response when tissue is injured * May last for 3-4 days * Phase one: acute inflammatory stage, pain, redness, swelling and ^ blood flow * Phase two: repair and regenerative stage, 3 days > 6 weeks, new fibres form and scar tissue is produced
* Phase three: remodelling stage, 6 weeks > several months, replacement and scar issue
Skin abrasions, lacerations, blisters, calluses * Abrasions: the outer layer of skin is removed, shallow bleeding and often embedded with foreign objects
* Lacerations: an irregular tear in the flesh (if > 1 cm, see doctor)
* Blisters: collection of blood/fluid below/within the epidermal (surface) layer of the skin, result from friction
o Rest + dress
* Calluses: increased thickness of the skin caused by a build up of dead skin
o Caused by constant pressure from external surfaces o Prevention: correct clothing + equipment o Effect: loss of elasticity and blood supply
Tendon: The fibrous band of tissue that connects muscle to bone.
Can be acute (occurring suddenly, e.g. sprain) or chronic (prolonged)
What are soft-tissue injuries? Many activities can lead to soft-tissue damage of muscles, ligaments, and tendons. The result can be pain, swelling, bruising, and damage. Soft-tissue injuries are classified as the following: * contusions (bruises) * sprains * strains Athletes and non-athletes share many similar softtissue injuries. What is a contusion? A contusion (bruise) is an injury to the soft tissue often produced by a blunt force such as a kick, fall, or blow. The result will be pain, swelling, and discoloration. Treatment for contusions includes Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation (R.I.C.E.R). More serious contusions may need to be examined by a physician.
What is a sprain? Illustration demonstrating the involved in ankle sprains/strains
three
ligaments
A sprain is an injury to a ligament and is often caused by a wrench or twist. Sprains often affect the ankles, knees, or wrists. The treatment for a sprain includes Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation (R.I.C.E.R). If the ligament is torn, surgical repair may be necessary.
What is a strain? A strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon, and is often caused by overuse, force, or stretching. The treatment for a strain is Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation (R.I.C.E.R). If a tear in the muscle occurs, surgical repair may be necessary.
Tears, Sprains and Contusions * Tear: tissue is excessively stretched or severed, two types: o Sprain: from the stretching/tearing of ligaments, movement causes sharp pain. Classified according to severity, in three degrees o Strain: when a muscle/tendon is stretched or torn. Ligaments are strong, rigid and heal slowly * Contusion: a bruise, caused by a sudden blow to the body o Interrupt blood flow to surrounding tissue o A haematoma (blood tumour) forms as the blood clots
Inflammatory Response * the healing response when tissue is injured * May last for 3-4 days * Phase one: acute inflammatory stage, pain, redness, swelling and ^ blood flow * Phase two: repair and regenerative stage, 3 days > 6 weeks, new fibres form and scar tissue is produced
* Phase three: remodelling stage, 6 weeks > several months, replacement and scar issue
Skin abrasions, lacerations, blisters, calluses * Abrasions: the outer layer of skin is removed, shallow bleeding and often embedded with foreign objects
* Lacerations: an irregular tear in the flesh (if > 1 cm, see doctor)
* Blisters: collection of blood/fluid below/within the epidermal (surface) layer of the skin, result from friction
o Rest + dress
* Calluses: increased thickness of the skin caused by a build up of dead skin
o Caused by constant pressure from external surfaces o Prevention: correct clothing + equipment o Effect: loss of elasticity and blood supply
