2D-ECHO REASON FOR VISIT • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Heart attack Ischemic heart disease Heart failure Cardiomegaly Cardiomiopathy Mitral regurgitation Aortic regurgitation Mitral stenosis Pulmonary stenosis Ventricular septal defect Atrial septal defect Coronary heart disease Endocarditis Cardiac tumor Pericarditis Aortic aneurysm Transposition of the great vessels Tricuspid atresia
RISK ASSESEMENT •
None
ANESTHESIA None POSITION OF THE PATEINT Left lateral position THE PROCEDURE
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Patient was undressed up to waist with patient lying on left lateral position ECG leads were attached to the chest The echo images compared to the EKG tracing during and after the procedure.
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Gel was applied on the chest. The transducer was positioned on the chest and using a small amount of pressure to images were taken With moving the transducer around the chest all areas and structures of heart were observed. ECG readings and echo images were compared Transducer was removed The electrodes were removed Gel was wiped
FINDINGS
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Regional wall motion abnormalities identified Regional LV / RV wall motion abnormality due to AMI / traumatic myocardial injury was revealed. LV /RV wall are normal Cardiac tamponade manifests as diffuse / loculated pericardial effusion / atrial collapse / diastolic RV collapse was present Ruptured papillary muscle is appeared as a mobile echo density prolapsing into the left atrium during systole / as a flail mitral leaflet A tear is identified in one of the papillary muscle heads. VSD present in _____ place, with size of ________ Aneurysm/Pseudo aneurysm was present in _________ aorta. Right ventricular infarction was present with right ventricular dilatation/ abnormal right ventricular wall motion/ paradoxical motion of the interventricular septum/ and tricuspid regurgitation Echocardiogram is detected shunting through a patent foramen ovale. Right/left ventricular infarction is noted ASD present in ____ place, with size of ______ Enlargement of the right atrium/ right ventricle/ pulmonary arteries/ single papillary muscle / left ventricular hypoplasia /aortic coarctation is noted Anomalies of systemic venous connection is present Mitral valve prolapse /a double-orifice mitral valve is present
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Assessment of pulmonary venous connections was done they are normal / ________ anomaly is found A tricuspid regurgitant jet is present Hypertrophic/ Constrictive cardiac myopathy is noted A small LV cavity may be present secondary to marked hypertrophy Reduced septal motion and thickening during systole is found Abnormal contractile function is noted The motion of the posterior wall is normal / increased. The rate of closure of the mitral valve in mid diastole is_____ Partial systolic closure / coarse systolic fluttering of the aortic valve is noted Abnormalities in diastolic function is noted Abnormal systolic anterior leaflet motion of the mitral valve, LV hypertrophy is noted Left atrial enlargement is observed Small ventricular chamber size is identified Septal hypertrophy with septal-to-free wall ratio greater than ____ Mitral valve prolapse /mitral regurgitation is noted Decreased mid aortic flow, and partial systolic closure of the aortic valve in mid systole. Diffuse hypokinesis Diastolic dysfunction Wall thickening is noted in ______ Pericardial effusion Fulminant and acute myocarditis Pericardial tamponade is present Myocarditis / purulent pericarditis is present Echo-free space is noted in the posterolateral left ventricle /lateral and posteriorly to left atrium Acute papillary muscle rupture valvular vegetation with resulting acute severe mitral, aortic regurgitation The study was somewhat technically limited and hence subtle abnormalities could be missed from the study.
COMPLICATIONS None