(28) Ov. Neoplasms

‫بسم ال الرحمن الرحيم‬

OVARIAN NEOPLASMS

CLASSIFICATION OF OVARIAN NEOPLASMS 

HISTOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION Histologically, ovarian tumours can arise from any of the three elements constituting the ovary (surface epithelium, germ cell apparatus, and ovarian stroma).

1. Epithelial Tumours 2. Germ cell tumours 3. Sex cord stromal tumours

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CLINICAL CLASSIFICATION Clinically, ovarian tumours can be divided into:

1. Benign or malignant tumours 2. Cystic or solid tumours N.B.: Benign ovarian tumours are usually cystic while malignant tumours are usually solid. N.B.: Malignant ovarian tumours are usually primary, but may be rarely metastatic.

HISTOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION 1. EPITHELIAL TUMOURS OF THE OVARY a. b. c. d.

Serous Cystadenoma Mucinous cystadenoma Endometrioid tumours Brenner tumour

2. GERM CELL TUMOURS a. b. c. d.

Teratoma Dysgerminoma Endodermal sinus tumour Choriocarcinoma

3. SEX CORD STROMAL TUMOURS a.

Ovarian Fibroma

b. c d.

Thecoma Granulosa cell tumour Androblastoma (Sertoli-leydig cell

1. EPITHELIAL TUMOURS OF THE OVARY 

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The commonest neoplasms arising in the ovary. They are essentially benign, but could be either border line, or malignant tumours. Tumours originate from the surface epithelium (derived embryologically into Mullerian and Wolffian epithelium), which can differentiate into serous,

2. GERM CELL TUMOURS 

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Amongst the commonest ovarian tumours seen in women <30 years of age. Essentially benign, less than 2-3% may be malignant. Tumours arise from totipotential germ cells, and may therefore contain elements of all three germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm, and

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Germ cell tumour could be either: Differentiated  

Embryonic tissue (teratoma) Extra-embryonic tissue: Yolk sac: Endodermal sinus tumour  Trophoblast: choriocarcinoma 

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Undifferentiated 

No evidence of differentiation into embryonic or extra-embryonic tissue (Dysgerminoma)

3. SEX CORD STROMAL TUMOURS 

The least commonly encountered tumours representing <4% of all ovarian neoplasms.

Originate from two elements in the gonad: 

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The primitive sex cord; which developmentally gives origin to granulosa cells in the ovary, or Sertoli cells in the testicle. The stroma of the gonad; which differentiate into theca cells in the ovary or Leydig cells in the testicle.

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