2009 Gsa Geologic Time Scale

2009 GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE MESOZOIC

5B C5B 5C C5C 5D C5D

20

5E 6

C5E C6

SERRAVALLIAN M

16.0

E

20.4 23.0

30

11 12

13

35

C11 C12

C13

OLIGOCENE

C9

L

L

23

C21

C22 C23

M

E

180

190

LUTETIAN

48.6

24

C25

26 C26

60 27 28

65

29

C27 C28 C29

30 C30

PALEOCENE

55

55.8

L

THANETIAN

M

SELANDIAN

58.7

61.7

E

220

230

240

DANIAN 65.5

250

83.5 85.8 89.3

280

93.5 99.6

300

320

APTIAN EARLY

125

BARREMIAN

VALANGINIAN BERRIASIAN TITHONIAN

M22

LATE

KIMMERIDGIAN OXFORDIAN

MIDDLE

CALLOVIAN BATHONIAN BAJOCIAN AALENIAN

340

130 136 140

360

380

156 161 165

400

420

183 EARLY

SINEMURIAN HETTANGIAN

190

440

197 201.6

460

204

480 LATE

NORIAN 500 228

CARNIAN MIDDLE

LADINIAN ANISIAN

EARLY

OLENEKIAN INDUAN

235

520

241 245 250 251.0

WORDIAN ROADIAN KUNGURIAN

E

PENNSYLVANIAN

SAKMARIAN ASSELIAN GZELIAN KASIMOVIAN MOSCOVIAN

BASHKIRIAN SERPUKHOVIAN

MISSISSIPPIAN

ERA

251 254

PERIOD

260 266 268 271 276 284 297 299.0 304 306 312

TOURNAISIAN L

GIVETIAN EIFELIAN EMSIAN PRAGHIAN

540

L M E

PRIDOLIAN LUDFORDIAN GORSTIAN HOMERIAN SHEINWOODIAN TELYCHIAN AERONIAN RHUDDANIAN

HIRNANTIAN

L

KATIAN SANDBIAN

M

DARRIWILIAN DAPINGIAN

FLOIAN

E Furongian Series 3 Series 2 Terreneuvian

TREMADOCIAN STAGE 10 STAGE 9 PAIBIAN GUZHANGIAN DRUMIAN STAGE 5 STAGE 4 STAGE 3 STAGE 2 FORTUNIAN

398 407 411 416 419 421 423 426 428 436 439 444 446

1250

1500

1750

1000

1200

MESOPROTEROZOIC

1400

1600

STATHERIAN 1800

OROSIRIAN PALEOPROTEROZOIC

488 492 496 501 503 507 510 517 521 535 542

2050

RHYACIAN 2250

2300

SIDERIAN 2500

2500

NEOARCHEAN 2750 2800

3000

468 472 479

ECTASIAN

CALYMMIAN

2000

455 461

850

STENIAN

385 392

CRYOGENIAN

1000

345

374

542

TONIAN

318 326

BDY. AGES (Ma)

630

NEOPROTEROZOIC

750

FAMENNIAN FRASNIAN

M

EDIACARAN

VISEAN

LOCKHOVIAN

TOARCIAN PLIENSBACHIAN

CAPITANIAN

ARTINSKIAN

E

168 172 176

M

CHANGHSINGIAN WUCHIAPINGIAN

359

145.5 151

PERMIAN

L 260

112

RHAETIAN 210

YPRESIAN

70.6

ALBIAN

200

C24

25

TURONIAN

CENOMANIAN

M12 M14 M16 M18 M20

M29

170

SANTONIAN CONIACIAN

HAUTERIVIAN

160

PRIABONIAN

40.4

EOCENE

C20

M0r M1 M3 M5

M25

37.2

PALEOGENE

22

150

BARTONIAN

45 21

130

140

RUPELIAN

C17

19 C19

50

CHATTIAN

C18

20

120

28.4

E

18

40

110

LATE

EON

65.5

CAMPANIAN

M10

33.9

15 C15 16 C16 17

100

AQUITANIAN

TERTIARY

9

13.8

34 C34

LANGHIAN

6C C6C

10 C10

90

11.6

6B C6B

7 C7 7A C7A 8 C8

80

BURDIGALIAN

6A C6A

25

C33

AGE (Ma)

PROTEROZOIC

C5A

33

7.2

TORTONIAN

MAASTRICHTIAN

32 C32

AGE

PRECAMBRIAN PICKS (Ma)

3250

3500

ARCHEAN

5A

15

C5

30 C30 31 C31

CARBONIFEROUS

5

L

MIOCENE

10

C4 C4A

NEOGENE

4A

5.3

70

AGE PERIOD EPOCH (Ma)

DEVONIAN

MESSINIAN

3A C3A 4

ZANCLEAN

0.01 1.8 2.6 3.6

AGE

PALEOZOIC PICKS (Ma)

ORDOVICIAN SILURIAN

PLIOCENE

C3

GELASIAN PIACENZIAN

CRETACEOUS

3

CALABRIAN

PERIOD EPOCH

JURASSIC

2A C2A

5

HOLOCENE

CHRON.

PLEISTOCENE

HIST.

QUATERNARY

AGE

MAGNETIC POLARITY

TRIASSIC

C1 C2

EPOCH

AGE (Ma)

RAPID POLARITY CHANGES

1 2

PERIOD

PICKS (Ma)

ANOM.

CHRON.

HIST.

ANOM.

MAGNETIC POLARITY

CAMBRIAN*

CENOZOIC AGE (Ma)

MESOARCHEAN 3200

PALEOARCHEAN 3600

3750

EOARCHEAN 3850

HADEAN

*International ages have not been fully established. These are current names as reported by the International Commission on Stratigraphy. Walker, J.D., and Geissman, J.W., compilers, 2009, Geologic Time Scale: Geological Society of America, doi: 10.1130/2009.CTS004R2C. ©2009 The Geological Society of America. Sources for nomenclature and ages are primarily from Gradstein, F., Ogg, J., Smith, A., et al., 2004, A Geologic Time Scale 2004: Cambridge University Press, 589 p. Modifications to the Triassic after: Furin, S., Preto, N., Rigo, M., Roghi, G., Gianolla, P., Crowley, J.L., and Bowring, S.A., 2006, High-precision U-Pb zircon age from the Triassic of Italy: Implications for the Triassic time scale and the Carnian origin of calcareous nannoplankton and dinosaurs: Geology, v. 34, p. 1009–1012, doi: 10.1130/G22967A.1; and Kent, D.V., and Olsen, P.E., 2008, Early Jurassic magnetostratigraphy and paleolatitudes from the Hartford continental rift basin (eastern North America): Testing for polarity bias and abrupt polar wander in association with the central Atlantic magmatic province: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 113, B06105, doi: 10.1029/2007JB005407.