2003romanticism Art Museum

• Time Period: 1809 • The name Nazarene was adopted by a group of early nineteenth century German Romantic painters who aimed to revive honesty and spirituality in Christian art. The name Nazarene came from a term of derision used against them for their affectation of a biblical manner of clothing and hair style.

Historically speaking.. • It is the time when: Napoleon • 1809 Napoleon, in response to his excommunication, has pope Pius VII arrested and kept in captivity in northern Italy and then France • 1809 Napoleon enters Vienna and defeats the Austrians in a battle at nearby Wagram

Founders • Overbeck, Friedrich(b Lübeck, 3 July 1789; d Rome, 12 Nov 1869). German painter. He was a leading member of the NAZARENES (Lukasbrüder) especially noted for the strictness of his views on the religious mission of art.

• Franz Pforr, He received his earliest training from his father, the painter Johann Georg Pforr (1745–98), and his uncle, the art professor and first inspector of the painting gallery in Kassel, Johann Heinrich Tischbein the younger (1742– 1808). In 1805 he became a student at the Akademie der Bildenden Künste in Vienna, which was dominated by the severe Neo-classicism of its director, Heinrich Füger; he was taught by Hubert Maurer (1738–1818), Franz Cauzig (1762– 1828) and Johann Martin Fischer. During the war with France in 1805, Pforr volunteered as a guard in the Vienna militia. He suffered a nervous breakdown, brought on by the conflict between his passionate longing for a contemplative life and a desire to see military action

• . He probably turned to religion to help sustain his mental equilibrium. In 1806 he resumed his academic studies and, believing himself destined to become a battle painter, made numerous drawings of historical battles, for example his still schoolish and baroquely composed Wallenstein in the Battle of Lützen . However, it was not until 1807, with Drawing with Twelve Travel Sketches.that he first began to overcome his beginner’s style and to develop his own. This resulted in reduced detail, simplified continuous contours, a structuring by means of planar rather than illusionistic criteria, a new clarity of vision and a chastened balance between nature and artistic conception.  

• Maria and Elizabeth with baby Jesus

• Vittoria Caldoni

Julius Schnorr Von Carolsfeld

• The Annunciation

Peter Von Cornelius

Joseph interpreting Pharoah’s Dream

Leo Von Klenze

Napoleon in Portoferraio

Johann Heinrich Ferdinand Von Olivier

• Elijah in the Wilderness

Philipp Veit

• Germania

Legacy • The artistic achievement of the Nazarenes is difficult to evaluate; their finished paintings appear less impressive with the perspective of history than they did to their contemporaries. Awkward composition, weak colouring and derivative themes detract from the challenge of their work in its time. However, the programme of the Nazarenes—the adoption of honest expression in art and the inspiration of artists before Raphael—was to exert considerable influence in Germany, and in England upon the Pre-Raphaelite movement. In their abandonment of the academy and their rejection of much official and salon art, the Nazarenes can be seen as partaking in the same anti-scholastic impulse that would lead to the avant-garde in the later nineteenth century.

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Pforr Italia Franz and Germania OVERBECK, Friedrich

Shulamit Friedrich and Mary OVERBECK, Franz Pforr

German Romanticism

• What is Classical is healthy; what is Romantic is sick." – Johann Von Goethe • In the philosophy, art, and culture of German-speaking countries, German Romanticism was the dominant movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. German Romanticism developed relatively late compared to its English counterpart. In contrast to the seriousness of English Romanticism, the German variety is notable for valuing humor and wit as well as beauty, although there is also a dark strain of romanticism, called Schwarze Romantik.

Composers and Music Icons • • • • •

Franz Schubert Robert Schumann Franz Liszt Johannes Brahms Ludwig van Beethoven