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Name: ____________________________ "Chicken scratches written in clay yield their secrets" by Marion Steinmann TEST
(Total Points - 100)
A. OPEN QUESTIONS 1. Complete the Table below by filling in the important events in the study of Sumerian writing. (5 x 4 = 20) DATE
EVENT
3200 BC 3100 BC 2200 BC 1984
2. In addition to writing, what other contributions did the Sumerians make to civilization? (3 x 4 = 12) a)
________________________________________________________________________
b)
________________________________________________________________________
c)
________________________________________________________________________
d)
________________________________________________________________________
3. Name two reasons why scribes had to be well-educated. (4 x 2 = 8) a)
________________________________________________________________________
b)
________________________________________________________________________
4. Explain how knowledge of Old Persian and Akkadian have been essential in understanding Sumerian.
(4)
_________________________________________________________________________
B. TRUE/FALSE STATEMENTS Explain the reason for your answer or quote from the text. 1.
(5 x 5 = 25)
TRUE or FALSE It is believed that a need for writing arose to keep records of such things as agricultural production and taxes. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
2.
TRUE or FALSE Cuneiform writing was not imitated in the Near East because it was cumbersome and difficult. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
3.
TRUE or FALSE Ake Sjoberg excavated thousands of cuneiform tablets in the Sumerian city of Nippur. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
4.
TRUE or FALSE The University of Pennsylvania is important both for its large collection of tablets and its scholars. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
5.
TRUE or FALSE The 800 cuneiform signs are combinations of 3 basic wedge-shaped marks. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
C. MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 1.
(4 x 5 = 20)
When was the Sumerian language first deciphered in modern times? a. in the early 1600s. b. in the 19th century. c. in the 20th century. d. only when the dictionary is complete.
2.
What does the title refer to? a. discoveries made recently in the Royal Cemetery at Sumer. b. new information about Sumerian agriculture. c. the inscriptions on cuneiform tablets. d. implements used in writing cuneiform letters.
3.
What made it especially difficult to decode cuneiform writing? a. tablets were written in unknown languages. b. some scribes wrote very badly on the tablets. c. invaders had wiped out all traces of Sumerian cities. d. scholars lacked enough tablets and inscriptions.
4.
The team's method of compiling the dictionary is to write down all usages of the word and a. compare the usage in similar ancient languages. b. translate the usages into three other languages. c. sort the usages into alphabetical order. d. look for other Sumerian tablets using the word.
D. GUIDED SUMMARY COMPLETION Fill in words to complete the meaning according to the text.
(12)
Steinmann's article appeared in the Smithsonian in 1988. The article aims to describe (1) __________________________________ . Publication of further volumes will result in deeper knowledge of (2) ___________________________ and greater understanding about (3) ______________________________________________________ . Further Sumerian scholarship is expected to continue the explosion of Sumerian scholarship.
(Total Points - 100)
A. OPEN QUESTIONS 1. Complete the Table below by filling in the important events in the study of Sumerian writing. (5 x 4 = 20) DATE
EVENT
3200 BC 3100 BC 2200 BC 1984
2. In addition to writing, what other contributions did the Sumerians make to civilization? (3 x 4 = 12) a)
________________________________________________________________________
b)
________________________________________________________________________
c)
________________________________________________________________________
d)
________________________________________________________________________
3. Name two reasons why scribes had to be well-educated. (4 x 2 = 8) a)
________________________________________________________________________
b)
________________________________________________________________________
4. Explain how knowledge of Old Persian and Akkadian have been essential in understanding Sumerian.
(4)
_________________________________________________________________________
B. TRUE/FALSE STATEMENTS Explain the reason for your answer or quote from the text. 1.
(5 x 5 = 25)
TRUE or FALSE It is believed that a need for writing arose to keep records of such things as agricultural production and taxes. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
2.
TRUE or FALSE Cuneiform writing was not imitated in the Near East because it was cumbersome and difficult. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
3.
TRUE or FALSE Ake Sjoberg excavated thousands of cuneiform tablets in the Sumerian city of Nippur. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
4.
TRUE or FALSE The University of Pennsylvania is important both for its large collection of tablets and its scholars. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
5.
TRUE or FALSE The 800 cuneiform signs are combinations of 3 basic wedge-shaped marks. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
C. MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 1.
(4 x 5 = 20)
When was the Sumerian language first deciphered in modern times? a. in the early 1600s. b. in the 19th century. c. in the 20th century. d. only when the dictionary is complete.
2.
What does the title refer to? a. discoveries made recently in the Royal Cemetery at Sumer. b. new information about Sumerian agriculture. c. the inscriptions on cuneiform tablets. d. implements used in writing cuneiform letters.
3.
What made it especially difficult to decode cuneiform writing? a. tablets were written in unknown languages. b. some scribes wrote very badly on the tablets. c. invaders had wiped out all traces of Sumerian cities. d. scholars lacked enough tablets and inscriptions.
4.
The team's method of compiling the dictionary is to write down all usages of the word and a. compare the usage in similar ancient languages. b. translate the usages into three other languages. c. sort the usages into alphabetical order. d. look for other Sumerian tablets using the word.
D. GUIDED SUMMARY COMPLETION Fill in words to complete the meaning according to the text.
(12)
Steinmann's article appeared in the Smithsonian in 1988. The article aims to describe (1) __________________________________ . Publication of further volumes will result in deeper knowledge of (2) ___________________________ and greater understanding about (3) ______________________________________________________ . Further Sumerian scholarship is expected to continue the explosion of Sumerian scholarship.
