1985 Notes

1985 SHOUT! SHOUT ! LET IT ALL OUT ! 1985 is what it’s all about! Not only did 1985 bring us New Coke, Tube Skirts and Frosted lipstick… 1985 can officially boast of being the year of Madonna. Her marriage to Sean Penn and her film debut in Desperately Seeking Susan solidified her place in pop culture history. Madonna wasn’t the only thing buzzing that year. Foreigner asked us to dig deep for the meaning of love and Dead or Alive had us dizzy spinning round and round. Thanks to Weird Science we now know how to create the ultimate woman…as in Kelly LeBrock. John Cusack in Better Off Dead gave us French lessons and more importantly turned the slightly awkward-alternative-video playing nerd into the boy girls are REALLY dreaming about. 1985 also brought us the cutest werewolf ever. How could you not fall in love with Teen Wolf? And in case you might be thinking 1985 is too gooshy and sweet in the movie section… Rambo First Blood Part II will whip you into a machine gun frenzy and introduce the ultimate warrior…no pain gain!! http://movies2.nytimes.com/gst/movies/trailer.html?v_id=40204 Television brought us Judge Wapner, who taught us valuable lessons in Law who say’s you can’t sue over spilt milk? Inspector Gadget, Voltron & Jem taught us to appreciate cutting edge drama and if that isn’t enough to keep you tuned inhttp://www.videodetective.com/default.aspx?PublishedID=670584&VideoKbRate=1 &AltID=&CustomerID=14817&WM=False&Ads=True&Play=True&Shorten=False Robin Leach teased us with the Lifestyles of the Rich & Famous. Who wouldn’t want champagne wishes and caviar dreams in the comfort of our own living rooms night after night? Reagan takes the oath of office for his second term. Rock Hudson dies of AIDS. The Lakers beat the Celtics in six. Madonna embarks on her Virgin tour. Coca-Cola introduces “new Coke,” with disastrous results. San Francisco knocks off Miami in Super Bowl XIX. A first-class stamp costs 20 cents. The French government sinks Greenpeace’s Rainbow Warrior. Oklahoma goes 11-1 for the NCAA football championship. The Live Aid concerts take place in Philadelphia and London. The Cosby Show is television’s most-watched program. Mikhail Gorbachev becomes the leader of the Soviet Union. World News Mikhail Gorbachev, 54 (March 11). Under the slogans of glasnost and Perestroika, Gorbachev initiates a broad program of reform and liberalization. On March 11, 1985, after the death of Secretary General Cherenenko, Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev was named the new leader of the Soviet Union. Gorbachev represented a younger generation of Soviet leaders, and began a series of reforms

aimed at invigorating the communist system in the Soviet Union, while at the same time improving relations with the West. The changes he began soon developed a momentum of their own. A reformer, Mikhail Gorbachev, rose to power in the Soviet Union in 1985. To confront the Soviet Union's serious economic problems, Gorbachev implemented bold new policies for openness and reform called glasnost and perestroika. General Nimeiri was ousted in the Sudan after serving as head of government since 1969. Nimeiri fought to suppress a rebellion in the non-Muslim south. He imposed Islamic law, but lost almost all support. In April, a military revolt, led by Defense Minister Abdel Raham Siwar el-Dahab, removed Nimeiri from power. The Rainbow Warrior, owned by Greenpeace, was sunk in the Auckland harbor. The ship was preparing to protest French nuclear tests. The French government admitted blowing up the ship. The French defense minister was forced to resign. Two Shi'ite Muslim gunmen capture TWA airliner with 133 aboard, 104 of them Americans (June 14); 39 remaining hostages freed in Beirut (June 30). Flight TWA 847- TWA Boeing 727 was hijacked by two Shi'ite terrorist; 153 people were held hostage. Women, children and the elderly were released. One American hostage was killed, and his body thrown out of the plane. The remaining passengers were held in various parts of Beirut. After Israel released 31 of its Shi'ite prisoners, the hostages were released Beginning in the late 1970s and into the 1980s, Americans in the Middle East were the repeated targets of terrorist attacks and other forms of violence, usually at the hands of Islamic fundamentalists based in such countries as Lebanon and Iran. PLO terrorists hijack Achille Lauro, Italian cruise ship, with 80 passengers, plus crew (Oct. 7); American, Leon Klinghoffer, killed (Oct. 8); Italian government toppled by political crisis over hijacking (Oct. 16). Palestinian terrorists seized the cruise ship the Achille Lauro. The terrorists killed an American tourist, Leon Klinghoffer, and threw his body off the ship. The terrorists agreed to surrender to Egyptian authorities that promised them safe passage. When they were flown out of Egypt, the US intercepted the plane and forced it to land in Italy, where they were put on trial. Reagan and Gorbachev meet at summit (Nov. 19); agree to step up arms control talks and renew cultural contacts (Nov. 21). Background: nuclear disarmament Columbian Terrorists execute 100- Including 11 judges: Colombian terrorists of the M-19 group stormed the Palace of Justice in Bogotá. There they held two dozen Justices, as well as over a hundred other hostages. When the army stormed the building, the M-19 killed all the hostages. September 19 - An 8.1 Richter scale earthquake strikes Mexico City. More than 9,000 people are killed, 30,000 injured, and 95,000 left homeless. US News/Politics Ronald Reagan, 73, takes oath for second term as 40th President (Jan. 20).

Reagan's second term was markedly different from his first, particularly in foreign policy. Reagan had never even met with a Soviet leader before his first meeting with Mikhail Gorbachev in 1985. But soon after, he bucked his administration's hardliners (including people like Richard Perle) by agreeing to arms-reduction pacts with the Soviet Union, and he even agreed in principle to the abolition of nuclear weapons, until Gorbachev predicated that deal on the abandonment of SDI. As he began his second term as president, Ronald Reagan summarized his basic philosophy: less government—including lower taxes and fewer regulations—was better; individualism—especially in the form of an entrepreneur—was a positive force in society; and the United States—the greatest country on earth—would eventually triumph over the Soviet Union. Reagan's characteristic idealism and optimism, obvious in this excerpt, earned him the nickname "The Great Communicator." Iran-Contra affair January 20: Reagan is sworn in for a second term. At 73 years of age, he is the oldest president ever to be sworn in. In surprise announcement he says he will meet with Konstantin Chernenko. General Westmoreland settles libel action against CBS (Feb. 18). Westmoreland's 1985 libel suit against CBS News; although it was dropped before it went to jury, the general, as a result of the case, commanded greater popular respect than at any time in his career. The United States has become a debtor nation for the first time since 1914, the Department of Commerce announces September 16. After years of deficits in the balance of payments, the nation has relied on foreign buying of U.S. Treasury bonds and notes instead of on taxation. President Reagan unveiled a new tax program that would simplify tax laws and lower America's tax rates. The new laws would lower the maximum personal income tax rate of 35.5 and would decrease the number of rates from 11 to 3. It also lowered corporate rates. Popular American film and television actor Rock Hudson dies of AIDS at age 59. He's the first major star to fall victim to the disease. October 2: Rock Hudson, a friend of the Reagans, dies of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Since the virus was first identified in 1983, Reagan has largely ignored the growing epidemic. After Hudson's death, Reagan called AIDS research a "top priority" for his administration; however, he immediately proposed spending levels that would cut funds for this research. Religion Rev. Jerry Falwell http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,959697,00.html http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19850902,00.html Rev. Jerry Falwell was the founder of Moral Majority, an organization of conservative Americans who lobby for such causes as school prayer and antiabortion legislation. This national political movement mixed Christian fundamentalism with conservative

politics. During 1985 Falwell made it onto the cover of Time Magazine, but today he is considered “the foremost champion of the creation of a brutally homophobic, misogynistic Christian theocracy in America.” The U.S. Supreme Court rules that a 1981 Alabama law mandating 1 minute of silent prayer in schools violates the Establishment Clause in the First Amendment. June 4, 1985, an Alabama law requiring that each school day begin with a one minute period of "silent meditation or voluntary prayer" was decided to be unconstitutional. This decision emphasized the close attention to detail the Supreme Court uses when looking at the constitutionality of government actions. (see 1963). The 6-to-3 decision in Wallace v. Jaffree does not sit well with Chief Justice Warren Burger, Justice Rehnquist, and Justice White, who dissent. Federal authorities in Oregon arrest controversial Indian guru Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh October 28. He was known for inspiring the Osho movement, a controversial spiritual and philosophical movement. He had been in the middle of scandals that included wiretapping, murder schemes, and 55 million dollars of debt. His longtime personal secretary Ma Anand Sheela has left in September along with 14 other top members of his movement, and he has charged September 16 that she led a "gang of fascists" in a plot against him last year, wiretapping him and members of his commune, hatching at least five murder schemes, and leaving the ashram $55 million in debt. Rajneesh has declared an end to the religion of Rajneeshism and ordered his followers to burn some 5,000 copies of the Book of Rajneeshism, which they have done September 30. Science/Discoveries The scanning tunneling microscope developed by IBM researchers at Zürich makes it possible to obtain atomic resolution pictures of surfaces of materials. Work by Gerd Binnig, 38, and Heidrich Rohrer, 52, to image individual atoms will have wide applications in scientific research. The third form of the carbon atom (Carbon 60) discovered by University of Sussex physical chemist Harold W. (Walter) Kroto, 46, raises speculations that it may be used for improved lubricants, rocket fuel, superconductors, even an anti-H.I.V. drug. Unlike the other two forms of the atom (diamonds and graphite), Carbon 60 is shaped like a soccer ball, scientists call it the buckyball after the geodesic domes designed by R. Buckminster Fuller. Kroto's finding is confirmed by Texas-born Rice University scientists Robert F. (Floyd) Curl Jr., 52, and his Ohio-born colleague Richard E. (Errett) Smalley, 42, but the potential of the buckyball will not be realized in this century. First .com name was registered Sports Super Bowl San Francisco d. Miami (38-16)

NBA Championship LA Lakers d. Boston (4-2) NCAA Basketball Championship Villanova d. Georgetown (66-64) http://www.hbo.com/scripts/video/vidplayer_set.html?movie=/av/sports/documentari es/perfectupset/doc_perfect_upset+section=sports+num=1110226013216+title=P erfect%20Upset%3A%20The%201985%20Vilanova%20vs.%20Georgetown%20NCA A%20Championship+tunein=# Kansas City Kings to Sacramento Cincinnati Reds first baseman Pete Rose passes Ty Cobb's record of 4,191 career hits September 11. February 23, 1985: Indiana basketball coach Bobby Knight throws a chair during a game Music Madonna launches her first road show, the Virgin Tour. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OLX-IToQUGQ Dozens of top-name musicians and bands perform at the Live Aid concerts in Philadelphia and London. The shows benefit African famine victims. Record of the Year: "We Are the World" ... USA for Africa Song of the Year: "We Are the World" ... Michael Jackson & Lionel Richie Best Album: "No Jacket Required" ... P Male Vocalist: Phil Collins ... "No Jacket Required" Female Vocalist: Whitney Houston ... "Saving All My Love for You" Discoveries British scientists report the opening of an enormous hole in the earth's ozone layer over Antarctica. Background: Environment & Nature British scientists report in March that a giant "hole" in the earth's ozone layer is opening each spring over Antarctica However, the stunning discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole in 1985 proved the skeptics wrong. Human-generated CFCs were indeed destroying Earth's protective ozone layer. Coca-Cola attempts to change its 99-year-old formula in an effort to attract younger drinkers. "New" Coke is poorly received, and the company soon reintroduces the original, "Classic" beverage. Background: carbonated beverages http://edition.cnn.com/resources/video.almanac/1985/coke/new.coke.50sec.lg.mov Best Best Best Best

Film Picture: "Out of Africa" Director: Sydney Pollack ... "Out of Africa" Actor: William Hurt ... "Kiss of the Spider Woman" Actress: Geraldine Page ... "The Trip to Bountiful"

1. Back to the Future 2. Beverly Hills Cop 3. Cocoon 4. Fletch 5. The Goonies 6. The Jewel of the Nile 7. National Lampoon's European Vacation 8. Pale Rider 9. Police Academy 2: Their First Assignment 10. Rambo: First Blood, Part II Literature Robert Bly, Loving a Woman in Two Worlds Keri Hulme, The Bone People Larry McMurtry, Lonesome Dove Fiction 1. "The Mammoth Hunters" by Jean Auel 2. "Texas" by James Michener 3. "Lake Wobegon Days" by Garrison Keillor 4. "If Tomorrow Comes" by Sidney Sheldon 5. "Skeleton Crew" by Stephen King Nonfiction 1. "Iacocca: An Autobiography" by Lee Iacocca 2. "Yeager: An Autobiography" by Chuck Yeager 3. "Elvis and Me" by Priscilla Presley 4. "Fit for Life" by Harvey and Marilyn Diamond 5. "The Be- Happy Attitudes" by Robert Schuller Television 1. The Cosby Show (NBC) 2. Family Ties (NBC) 3. Murder, She Wrote (CBS) 4. 60 Minutes (CBS) 5. Cheers (NBC) 6. Dallas (CBS) 7. Dynasty (ABC) 8. The Golden Girls (NBC) 9. Miami Vice (NBC) 10. Who's the Boss? (ABC) Awards Nobel Prizes Chemistry The prize was awarded jointly to: HAUPTMAN, HERBERT A., U.S.A., The Medical Foundation of Buffalo, Buffalo,

NY, b. 1917; and KARLE, JEROME, U.S.A., US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, b. 1918: "for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures" •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •• Literature SIMON, CLAUDE, France, b. 1913: "who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition" •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •• Peace INTERNATIONAL PHYSICIANS FOR THE PREVENTION OF NUCLEAR WAR Boston, MA, U.S.A. •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •• Physiology or Medicine The prize was awarded jointly to: BROWN, MICHAEL S., U.S.A., University of Texas Health Science Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, b. 1941; and GOLDSTEIN, JOSEPH L., U.S.A., University of Texas Health Science Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, b. 1940: "for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism" •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •• Physics VON KLITZING, KLAUS, Federal Republic of Germany, Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, b. 1943: "for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect" http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/1985.html Fads/Trends 1985 was remembered as the year the video game mogul Nintendo came to power in the wake of the Video Game Crash of 1983. It was remembered as the year in the toy industry when the Care Bears, after the surprise success of its own movie and TV series became a hot toy like that of the Cabbage Patch Kids. Also, in the summer of that year, many people both in the outdoor concerts and on TV were touched and generous as a result of the Live Aid concerts in Philadelphia and London 1985 brought about fads that are still fadulous. Nintendo came to power as Mario and company made video games popular. Kids loved to play with toys like the Care Bears, which became hot after the surprise success of their movie and hit Tv series.

Other franchises like Calvin and Hobbes, Jolt Cola, VH-1, and Back to the Future grew in fame. People loved to wear acid wash jeans and Jheri curlz Acid wash jeans Calvin and Hobbes (1985 – 1995±; 2005) Care Bears (1985 – 1989±; 2002 – present) Jolt Cola (1985 – 1992±;) Kidsongs (1985 – 2001±) Live Aid (1985; 2005 as Live 8) Madballs (1985 – 1988±) Max Headroom (1985 – 1990±) Nintendo Entertainment System (1985 – 1991±) Super Mario Brothers (1985± – Present) Teddy Ruxpin (1985 – 1988±) The De Lorean and the Back to the Future Series (1985 – 1990) VH-1 (1985 – present Mario video games (1985 - Present)