82 ;
"
!
18
/$
(
0-* .1 "
!* (
()
*& +
" "!
",
( &" -
( .
(
!* (
." " 2 3 " 4 5*
" / *
6
!7* 2 ( :
, E F;
/ ( .2! ! * .
5*
/
( &" -
/
! ",
"?
@ A :; ! 0@
"
!7* 1 " > 5 " >
. "C *
) >6!; )L M ( 2 "! .) ;P M )
,
2 "! . ::
.:
; &! @
D
:
: M
;&
;(
0-* 2D
( :
D I J 3 " K 0;
Q8 C( R
;( G: 7* & "
8 ;"
. ! H 5* !* ) ( " !; ,
;( B
2 "8
"
; G8 "
!7*
: UF * " " M
>K $ " ;
/, ;( :"!
; (
/&
>* “ *
"
"?
! ;” : /
2 "! ” ;
-* I J
0
!7*
!* "!
"H *
!* H; ” / , ;
K!*
"!J F 2 "!
] /< ,
&" -
!
"-
(
"!
( VW; &" XY
P: 8 , ,
G Z
( >* "
[*
(
2" \:/ / ( VW; &" -
! 6 " 7 6 HR 0; !6
/
" !3B
Z ",
M ) " @
, - $ " % (SIMA )
&
B S
*
( " !; A :; , : ;( P
...
;D
( " !; , M
;
" " ! C(!;D .& >
/" ; 2 ;
; E >* !3:
"M *
/$
:B : !8 ; - ;
@ & +:
8"
> !* -
3 !3B C(!;D -
( " !; ,
1&
"!
/ $ 1 " K 0; < . ::
;
"
;<
(
TG /" C(!;D 2 ;
" "!
, 5*
3 !3B C(!;D -
. /" ; & 3
.
:
( -
H ?; " ( :B / .
"!
6 J &" -
: "
19
"# `K )
a[ " !; 2!: * P % &" (
& ` "`
)
" !; B b
8
"
" " ! E >*
" "!
+D
?M !* (!:/ .)
" !` E` >* % `c;
.G :
$`
`"
` :B " `
2D
0 - >* G !* ; ;
/$
0-*
!* ” ( ) , 5 (1999 2 3 "
."! &" -
>K Y; P
!* ;
. ;( &" [; Hc; " `:
!7* GR
`; s @
G` : " `
>;
@!*
"! &" " P
;<
2!` ; / -` E `L!* I ! * . : ` .:
P` "
4 5*
;<
0`-* " 8
)` " `
; "6
& :0 ! &" -
: !* p J , 0Z ( `: D M ` $ `3:/
`@*
` !* : `:
"1"
` `
`
"
"P
@
;( \:/ M
::
)
; H G/
& "?
; /
P " : F ; "!5
M /
; :
M "
" "!
;
::
;
/"
: " &
G &" D ) "
; 0-*
/
.)
$
1"
2 !
"
5(
`; P ` G 0`/ TG (
!
" (1993)
&
`; E >* !3: M 8.
:>; < 2" D R E >*
" "! !7*
/H
." 8 ; ! $ *
7`*
(
`:>; 1 "
,
;< ,
%?
H [* H;
`
*
7`* ,
"!
/ ;(
/, ; )
: 6h
/
`/ `: D M !` ( 7`
u* ! 0@
;
* ;.
8
>; 1 "
.) ,` `
i M )0* $ 0; )
` !3B G` /" C(!;D $" ; `"8;
`*
` :+ /
"! ;
:`
; >; 1 "
; 3:/
? %?
` Vj* ` -* \`:/ M
* ::
2
G
) Z(
:; 6 "!J
J:
" " ! C(!;D 8 ; ",
" k "
" !
G /" ; C(!;D ."! / !J Q8
&
3 " s :; !7* L : "!@
!; p J
:>;
:S
&(!; . :
;"
/ &l
:
;
DA @
& :: & / ; /m "
"!J l 2 :; :/ `
, Z ( &" -
'
/
` 3`
`
0: * . / `::
( )*
: * 6 " !; &(!; ( "( ? IJ
3 & J h [;
; .2 Z
./n: 20 ./ "
`; `
; &o p J ) K >M < .) 2 6 J
< ) !J " ( 2 (!;D P " ( q>
D<
/ 2
!7*
G /" ; X @ * G /"
`
`/ P
; "
2 ! . ::
1&
/ :/) >K Y; : !8 ; 2!
:B
!7* G / -; ( &" -
*
. `"
" :
6
/ C( C(!;D
8" B "
DP "
/ " !J(
`/ $ ` `; ` D . "
`
!3B "
M
./ 2:
* % >M ( ( ”
$ %
`;
:B I J
"!J 2 !
2
@!* s @ tQ@ . ::
"
.: F
/
* ; . : 0/ F 3
2 8 !:
" !;
, "
-* C(!;D 2
.G /"
;
Q8
; &" 08 , [-L % @ . / "! I J
K!; M * /" ; b( @ ;
`; " `
7*
: /) “ /
(1986 * : ) “ Z
." D ; "!@ ` G: 5 * "(
` ` @
"" 6 ,
> ) ( ; , -*
t
*
/ & !J (
?
F *
. :/m ` & / `;
/
A
; 2 Xi 6
* ;
!* ; / : D M & + , k
:/m !7* :
"!`5
" "!
"
- $ " % (SIMA )
!
]/ "
? ? ."
&/ ; ;
* 2 " 2 " :/
"-
* ; qM h
:
"
F "!5 ,r @s * )6" * :
20
+ , " !; ) :
-
/
56 )0
, u 5* "
!7*
&" -
!7*
, " " ! &(
/ $ ( / 2 Q8 )
/ - , !L " /
2
/
G:
." 8 ;
8 !:
k
; ;
6 &" -
u* 2
8 !: . ::
)% ` * ; " !` ( C(!`;D )M !`
`
2
) ) / RZ
` u* < 2" Q8 ( ) , 5 C(!;D .
&" -
`/ PK B 2
8 :B
&: 3 M
!* ;
!7*
; ) "!@!; " H;
/ o*
8 . * u 5*
!/
(
F
K
i
* u 5* &l `
"
;" D h [; < " Vj* 2 !
2 !
" G : &" -
` * ; ` ( G` &" $ 2 "(
-*” )
*
!7* " ! < 2 !:
* ; :: H
` . `:
7`*
`; &" -
" `
T B
* ;( ; 8 Lx@ “"!
&
; 0 ?;
; ...
:/" ; X @ * $
&
; ( SD
2 ` K" " " ; X @ *
/ 8
2 (!;D P " %91
: ") "
6% ; ""
X@ *
http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~mbolin/donaldson-zanin-yost.html
- $ " % (SIMA )
!
"-
:+ /
"!
"! &" "
* k
0@ ,
"!
0 2 ! 3
/ 8 ."!
:
* ? ?[*
D(
."! w!
"
!
2 (!;D P " (
% `@ 2 " " * &" 2 !J " * 2 D ( ) , 5
G:
/ 2 !:
3 , [-L .% @ &
!7* * u 5* 8 &" -
/ [-L
* u 5* 8
* 2 D * u 5* 8 $
. :: &" . "" X @ *
< 2 8 :0 !
)0 K 2D ( " E F;
!7`* * `u 5* 8
D ; k
" h`?M ,
1&
:
. &" ( SD F
.:
"
"!J Hu *
!* ;
" 2 `* [ @ * & ` " & ` " * ? ?[* &l / 8 (2
. D `; n! `;
/& @ / 8 (
. (/
.2"! ( ; "!@
" " !; " . R &" -
C(!`;D `Z
/ " ! s0 2 !
F
5J ,
)
H [*
. : 0/ .
) `
"!J F
"
. ( `; `>; @
` . ` Q3 P
;
" ( %9 "!
! [-L <