1 Perspective

Organization Perspective & Policy Document of WIDE ANGLE

Wide Angle Keishampat C.C.Pur .Parking Imphal Manipur Tele.no. 0385 2222801 E-mail – [email protected] 1

1. Introduction and Executive summary: Introduction:

Wide Angle, Manipur is a non-political non-sectarian State level voluntary organization established on 5 January 1984 under the Manipur Societies Act of 1860 by a group of young dynamic Youths. The Organisation works without discrimination against religion, creed, race, gender or language and works in collaboration with Youth clubs, student’s union and like minded NGOs and has the experience of working in issues related with Youths for more than one decade. Manipur which has an area of 22,327 Sq. Km. Lies in the North Eastern state of India. It was an independent Nation for thousands of years and it was only in 1891 that it surrendered its independence to the British rulers that also in a most befitting and honorable manner. It had, however, been able to protect and preserve its identity and territorial integrity even during the British regime. The British rulers did not make any attempt whatsoever to disturb the age old tradition, culture and racial identity, etc. of the people. Though deprived of its independence, the state and its people could enjoy a peaceful life. There was complete security of life property of all sections of people. In short, people could live in an atmosphere of mutual respect, trust and brotherly spirit. But during the last 10 years there have been a lot of tensions among the minds of the people from various reasons. Ethnic clashes, violence and amenity among the various groups of people have been developed. Killing of people by people have been a regular phenomenon in the state of Manipur and this has ultimately threatened the peace loving people of the region. Very often, there is serious experience of targeting women in this cross action of violence (rape and exploitation) and the masses have been facing serious political unrest due to various ethnic conflicts. Prior to British occupation and during British rule Manipur was economically selfsufficient and self-reliant and the people lived on agriculture and minor forests produces for the last 5 decades. On the contrary, the self sufficiency of food and economy has been reduced to purely captive economy; peoples have to now depend on external food supply for their livelihood. Since the People’s power of production has been decreased, self-sufficiency of food grain, vegetables, pulses etc. are vanishing or non-existent. Undesirable political arrangement and non-pro-people development programmes are becoming visible. People are deprived of their basic needs and rights which resulting to marginalization of people's voice. It is clear that the previous efforts have been insufficient. The people feel that they have been socially and economically deprived. The process of economic reform in the country is also reshaping the indigenous system of economic structure where people are driven out or pulled away from their sustainable livelihood systems. The state is managing its services on credit borrowed mainly from International financial Institutions. Women are coming across domestic violence and non-entitlement to property inheritance, lack of involvement in decisionmaking and democratic processes, sexual exploitation etc. Therefore, a serious effort is called for to build gender perspective in individuals, families, communities and the state as well. Manipur, with an open border of 351 Km. with Myanmar. Most of the drugs especially Heroin is considered a spill-over from the Golden triangle ( Myanmar ) entering through the vast open border and passing through this region to the rest of other countries in the world. So, this easily availability of drug through illegal trafficking across the borders becomes one of the factors for extensive drug abuse in

2

the region. Due to incessant using of drugs, our youths are being affected by HIV and AIDS. The consumption and injecting of illicit drug is increasing around the world bringing with it related social and health related consequences. Drug use has been in existence for centuries in Manipur, particularly Alcohol as it is traditionally brewed by various tribes and castes, Ganja (Cannabis) is also a traditional intoxicant taken during the religious rites like Shiv Puja. Heroin locally known as No.4 is believed to have been introduced in the state in the last part of 70s, earlier its abuse was confined to small group of young people but by the middle of the 80s their presence was felt in most parts of the state. Young people in Manipur are at greatest risk of HIV transmission due to Injecting drug practice and sharing of injecting equipment. Youth are also at risk of sexual transmission of HIV as many studies have revealed that a large proportion of young people engage in pre-marital sex, with the majority of sexual acts unprotected. A number of young widows & orphan have emerged due to IDUs who got married transmitting the infection to their wives and from their wives to their children. Because of this complex political process and other development and health issues, young people, women and children get more marginalised. From the other angles, we, the NGOs also need to build our capacity as to how to strategies our development processes in order to create a collective people's response towards injustice, violence, AIDS, poverty and drug abuse. Vision Wide Angle envisages to the creation of productive youths through righteous reasons, inspired thoughts and responds to Justice. Rational: 1. Ethnic Conflict 2. Unemployment 3. Lack of market economy 4. Gender bias 5. Political instability 6. Impact of HIV/AIDS 7. Child exploitation in the area of rehabilitation, sex trafficking and child labour 8. Unequal share of resources and power between the majority and the minorities has created disparities among different ethnic groups and men and women 9. Route for drug traffickers through Golden Triangle. 10. Social and political turmoil. 11. Lack of ethnic unification. 12. Education system has no job oriented.

Mission Reinforce the capacity of youth in an organised structure manner and building alliances with other groups through non-violence under a democratic framework.

3

Objectives 1. To develop strategies and policy programme to reinforce the youths in an organised manner and building alliance with other organisation through nonviolence under democratic framework. 2. To develop appropriate model, health centres and youth friendly service. 3. To bring gender equality and equity in Manipur. 4. To improve health care for marginalized women. 5. To improve socio-economic conditions of the poor and marginalized people in the state. 6. To propagate fulfillment of responsibility towards different ethnic groups from the perspective of peaceful co-existence. 7. To develop strategies and policy to minimize the impact of globalisation. 8. To strengthened advocacy towards enhancement of public health, reduce detrimental effect of development works and improve economic conditions and sense of peaceful co-existence. Goal Enhanced health, socio-economic condition, minimize and resolve the conflict situation among of Youths with dignity and decision making power without giving hazard to the humanity and the environment within a period of 10 years. Focus Youths

Democracy

Gender

Capacitate local body

Socio-Economic Health

Conflict Children

4

SWOT- Analysis Strength I) II)

Good rapport with students, youths and CBOs. The organisation has committed and well-experienced core members from key communities like drug-user (recovering), HIV+ groups and Activities, human right activities, Development and health related workers. III) It is an initiative of local Youths. IV) The core group has a human resource (trainer) on Outreach and harm reduction, gender, sex and sexuality, human rights etc. V) Our organisation members have good rapport with state Govts. Especially state AIDS control societies. VI) Secretariat (Manipur Network for Continuum of Care) VII) Technical support (CSD, MACS, Local sponsored), counselor, accountant, management. VIII) Establishing alliances to the network body like Indian Network of NGOs in HIV/AIDS etc. Weakness: I) II) III) IV)

Lack of developing system, criteria, charters, technical plan and structure. Lack of skill of policy analysis, research and documentation. Lack of sufficient human resources. Lack of strategic model pilot project for advocacy and influence to govt. for replication and scaling up.

Opportunity: I) Existence of good spirit and committed NGOs even though they lack capacity. II) Committed long experience individual group are ready to provide technical assistance. III) New-liked minded NGOs IV) National and international network Threat: I) II) III) IV)

Frequent break down of state governments. Unpredictable law and order situation. Aggressive responses of law enforcement agencies to risk population. Drop out of trained staff of NGOs.

State priorities problem: a)Unemployment b)Ethnic Conflict c)Injecting Drug Users. d)Lack of market economy e)Gender f)Child exploitation in the area of rehabilitation, sex 5

trafficking and child labour g)Drug traffickers. h)Social and political turmoil. i)Education system. j)People living with HIV/AIDS. k)Adolescent sexual health.

FUNDAMENTAL GUIDING PRINCIPLE OF WIDE ANGLE: 1. Member should respect on the opinion or words of other members. 2. There should not be any misunderstanding among members. 3. Any resolution should be resolved by consensus. 4. Any conflict arises among the members should be resolved by clarification or voting mechanism. 5. All the decision in relation to the activities should be make available to the members for transparency. 6. The organisation should be guided and lead by its vision and mission and objectives. APPROACH: The organisation will insure the strategic approaches which are well planned, gender based and youth friendly. Further, it should be participatory meaning the entire stakeholder including the community should be involved from planning itself to decision making for owning the process which will help to sustain the challenges. Right and Gender will be the cross cutting approach in all the program and activities of the organisation. STRATEGIC SUB-ISSUES: Capacity building on - Youth Empowerment - Sexuality and HIV/AIDS. - Gender equity - Care and support (Women and child, community mobilization). - Community outreach. - Human Rights - Ethics and legal. - Project designing including monitoring and evaluation. - Documentation. - Exchange visit (Intra/region and outside). - Connectivity. To develop/strengthen policies - Youth Policy - Manipur State AIDS Policy - Manipur State Policy on Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention

6

-

Economic support. Standardization of services. Advocacy training. Development of advocacy kit.

Appropriate intervention design - Youth friendly services - Stigmatization and discrimination. - Women centered approach with male participation. - Adolescent sexuality. - Corrective intervention, dropouts among young IDUs, multiple partners. - Child labour - Issues for capacity building STRATEGIC PRIORITIES ISSUES: a)Youth b)Gender. c)Human Rights (Law and Ethics). d)Drug (substance) use and Harm reduction. e)Health care and support. STRATEGY: a) To launch a common platform of youths. b) To develop and implement socio-economic programmes for the youths and marginalized people in the state. c) To develop and implement health improvement program. d) To empower and capacitate youths for sense of commitment, scientific temperant, sense of peaceful co-existence and life skills. e) To capacitate CBOs, ethnic groups for strong advocacy. f) To empower youths for mitigating gender inequalities. g) To empower and capacitate youths for sense of responsibility, loyalty, commitment, morality, advocacy towards enhancement for well being of the society. h) To conduct or take up operational as well as scientific researches. i) To capacitate and establish advocacy / networking with CBOs, NGOs, and Government & non Government donors. j) To framework sustainable planning and policy for a peaceful society. k) To cultivate an optimum use of human potential and resource among youths. l) Capacity building of the NGOs and Government. ANALYSIS OF MANIPUR : Demographic profile Manipur state (22327 sq. km area) has 1837119 population with sex ratio of 1000:961. The literacy rate is 61% and 82 sq. km population density in 9 districts. The Present Socio-economic and Political situation:

7

After 50 years of independence, the people of Manipur have started grumbling and questioning. Are we really free? Are we really enjoying the democratic rights as enshrined in the constitution? It is needless to say that Manipur is part and parcel of the Indian Union. With the merger of the state, the Manipuri has had the pious impression and sincere hopes that this backward, land locked state, and its people would be able to breathe the sweet air of freedom and enjoy the democratic rights as guaranteed under the constitution of India. Quite contrary to our expectations and high ideals of the constitution, the hopes and aspirations of the people have been miserably shattered. This has resulted from the seriously inexcusable lapses on the part of the governments at both the centre and the state. The inaction and misrule of the government led to a fact-deteriorating situation of law and order culminating in the daily occurrence of rock less killing and unprovoked intimidation and complete absence of security of life and property. In fact, people have to live in an atmosphere of extreme insecurity, fear and mutual distrust. The unfettered exercise of power by the armed forces under the Armed Forces Special Powers Act 1958 on the pretext of controlling and containing the burgeoning insurgency has tantamount to the negation of our democratic rights and values to which we are committed. Political freedom has lost its meaning in as much as all our democratic rights have been trampled. Over an above this, power and money have played a dominant role in our politics. In other words, politics has become a means for accumulating money. This has resulted in constant political freedom thereby seriously affecting the stability of the government and hampering the other developmental works. To cite and instance, during the period from 1967 till date the state government changed several times and the life of the government was hardly one year. The elected representatives of the people have their implicit loyalty to the bosses at Delhi only not to the people of the state. Hence, the people do not at all times fine any avenue for ventilating their genuine grievances. This state of affairs has remained unaltered even today. Any change effected in the government in the state, in the last few decades is just old wine in a new bottle. The prevailing economic conditions in the state have completely belied the hopes and aspirations of the people. The majority of the people are not getting adequately the basic needs of life. Nearly 65% of the populations are below the poverty line. The gap between the rich and the poor is widening in an increasing manner. The complete stagnancy in our economy coupled with ever increasing prices of essential commodities and the increasing number of unemployed and under employed persons has deprived the common people of the basic requirements of life. With this very limited scope for employment, it will be surprising to know that the prices of essential commodities are the highest in India. In this state of ours where more than 80% of the population still depend on agriculture and its allied subjects, agriculture is still in the primitive stage with very little effort made for development. There is no clear cut industrial policy of the state and as such the available human and materials resources have not been fully utilized. Equally alarming is the rampant corruption which has reached its climax. The state of Manipur has, in fact, earned the notoriety of being the most corrupt state in India. It has therefore very rightly been said that Manipuri’s number one public enemy is corruption.

8

In fact, corruption, favoritisms and nepotism coupled with inefficient administration has hampered all development works in the state. All accepted norms have been violated in matter of appointments, transfers postings of government servants and even in matter pertaining to the selection of students for higher education in engineering, medical sciences etc. Efficiency and merits are seldom counted and overwhelming importance is being attached to the prices offered. The state of Manipur today, stands on the verge of complete political and economic decadence and is consequently facing a rare phenomenon and a challenging situation which demands the rare benefit of political sagacity and acumen to meet the rising expectations of the masses whose untold miseries are beyond description and at the same time to scuttle the vicious circle of political monopoly, economic injustice and deprivation. The people of Manipur cut of extreme frustration have come to the conclusion that independence has brought only chaos in our political, economic and social life. The air of progress and happiness of the old days has gone, security of life and property is absent and there is practically no scope for development of local talents. In the midst of the challenging situation, the people of the state are to redouble their efforts to assert their legitimate right and privileges as citizens of a free and democratic country. While doing so they have to make a choice between Public interest and Private comfort between progress and dynamism and decline and decadence, between determined dedication and creeping mediocrity and between the regional and national parties. Before annexation of Manipur to India, it was a separate kingdom. From the people's experiences, the democratic process in the region is a new phenomenon where a large number of the population does not know their political rights. The region is largely influenced by political ideology of Indian National congress. The later half of the 1980 witnessed the dramatic changes in the political landscape of India; single party governance the main feature of Indian politics for most of the post independence period has given way to coalition politics. Caste-based and regional parties have come to the forefront. This has resulted in the emergence of mass-based leadership from lower castes that have, to an extent, broken the monopoly of upper castes in political leadership. It must be noted, however, that despite the presence of leaders, who are themselves from the backward castes, these parties have not attempted any structural change in resource distribution nor have they introduced any radical social transformation. In such a political changes there is an alarming feature in rise of caste base and fundamentalist political parties which is seen by mainly as threat of the secular fabric. In other words, the political tensions to protect the identity of the various ethnic groups have emerged due to the political fanaticism of the ruling government. Such political complex has also contributes in continuing of the arms political struggle of various outfits in the region for rising their political demand. The government has also given the human rights commission and the Minorities commission a major role as watchdogs to challenge the government when needed. The judiciary has continued to take a mere proactive role in enforcing laws and providing pro-poor interpretation of the laws enacted by the legislature, despite accusations of judicial activism by those who would prefer a more conservative mode of judicial functions. Pioneering experiments in several parts of the country have shown how with

9

conscientious, ordinary people can be made aware of their rights and responsibilities, and how the elected leaders can be made accountable to the people, NGOs involved in this process of awareness raising and education are convinced that a more sustained and strategic intervention in this mater would result in stronger, assertive and representative leadership among more vulnerable sections. If the NGOs and the civil society jointly do not ensure this, the end result will be worse than the present situation. Problems of increasing unemployment:Manipur as compared with other states of India has a fairly high percentage of literacy. But the state has very limited scope for employment as no employment promotion programme has been effectively implemented. Even after the completion of the 6th Five Year Plan the economic condition remains more or less static with little work done in the field of agriculture and industry. The state, in fact, does not have a clear-cut economic policy to accelerate the tempo of development. The available records reveal that there are nearly 8 Lakhs of educated unemployed persons out of a population of nearly 24 Lakhs. The employment promotion programmes have not brought any tangible change in the present predicament as most of the funds earmarked for such programmes do not reach the most needy persons. To the contrary these are being used for promotion of political interest of the ruling party and for self-aggrandizement of those in power. The weaker section in the state cannot touch even the fringe of the benefits to the accrued. The hope pinned on the Loktak Project for availability of adequate power to meet the needs for our industrial advancement has proved futile. Even after commissioning of the project the position continues to be as it was before. Due to constant failure of power supply and its inadequacy, even the existing industrial units which are mostly of small scale fail to have optimum output and frequency stop working to the great detriment of the units as well as the workers. The solution of the employment problem vis-à-vis the state economy will ultimately depended on the rapid industrialization of the state’s industrial policy. Gender roles and the status of women Men and women must be granted the freedom, beyond all gender stereo-type, to develop their abilities and play an active role in setting political and social life, Gender, Conflict and HIV/AIDS: Overall, efforts to promote equal access to choices and opportunities are greatly undermined. It is only too easy to fall back on blaming women for promiscuous behaviour, as well as making undesirable choices and entering commercial sex industry, when in fact their freedom to make choices is rather limited, and they are likely to be victims of domestic violence, rape and abuse. The experiences of internal and external conflict have become daily realities of men women and children in Manipur. Communal tension, religious and national conflicts and wars, to domestic violence, which is a continuum of escalating violence against women engulfing their lives. A gender perspective on armed conflict and violence provokes a serious of introspection over the construction of ‘masculinity’ and ‘femininity’. Women and men’s roles are being recast beyond the neat categories of ’women as victims and men as perpetrators of violence’. It is evident that women

10

experience victimization and disempowerment during armed conflicts and war. However, they may also experience their agency (being active agents) and empowerment as they are being pushed into and appropriating new roles and responsibilities in violent conflicts. Likewise, men are confronted with new experiences (such as militarism, displacement and unemployment) that will have an impact on their identities. Conceptual clarity is required to make the explicit connection between gender and other identities (such as nationality, class, ethnicity, religion, age, etc) within the context of the political, economic and social dimensions of armed conflict and violence. Gender sensitive development strategies also have to be critically reviewed within the context of armed conflict, peace building and social reconstruction. This also required that the international and national economic and political interests are critically assessed for their role in perpetuating armed conflicts. It is imperative to see linkages between increasing militarization and impoverishment of the poor especially women are seriously affected by shifts in social policies and programmes. Health: Despite a relatively high ratio of doctors per head of population, 3.6 million out of the 26 million children born each year die before the age of five. Poverty and malnutrition, lack of safe drinking water and poor sanitation in rural villages and overcrowded urban poor localities, all these issues deprive millions of healthy life. Government health provision seriously fails to reach remote areas as well as it is inadequate and insufficiently people-centred. Further, its policy after independence to give primacy to western-based curative medicine has resulted in a skewed distribution of health facilities in favour of urban centres and the rich. the result is high infant and maternal mortality rates. An integrated approach to health programmes is required, with strong health education components, empowering people to take responsibility for their own well being. Structural adjustment processes are forcing governments to cut expenditure in health services, resulting in high incidences of public health problems such as cholera, malaria and tuberculosis, largely affecting the marginalized both in rural and urban areas. This led to an increase in privately-run hospitals that began in the midseventies, from 14% of the total in 1974 to 58% in 1993 (Report of the Independent Commission, and the Independent Health Commission Report (VIIAI/1997) alleges that India has the largest private health sector in the world is completely unregulated. A response to the lack of health care available to the poor and vulnerable, especially in rural areas and urban poor, has been community based health services run by charities and non-governmental organisations. Such health services normally have trained health workers and mid-wives who are from amongst the community, and doctors who volunteer their time and assistance a few hours a week. Communitybased health services now provide health care ranging from treatment for simple illnesses to post-natal care and diagnosis of gynecological problems, and use a mix of traditional and western medicine. For those who do not have access to government clinics or health care facilities, community health services become a lifeline for them. HIV/AIDS

11

Manipur Scenario HIV/AIDS positive case was first reported in Feb. 1990 among the injecting drug users and the HIV seroprevalence rate in one year was increase to almost 1% to 50%. There were mass arrests of drug addicts with the view to reduce further spread of HIV infection. In places like Churachanpur some organisations established private jail where the drug addicts were chained with iron shackles for two to three years. HIV/AIDS has taken a new dimension in recent year. A number of young widows and orphan have emerged due to IDUs who get married transmitting the infection to their wives and from their wives to their children. If we want our children and young girls to be free from this epidemic. We need young people including those using drugs to be free from this epidemic and for that we need to understand youths, their behaviour and services that are friendly to them.

Manipur: Out of 49149 samples 6194 cases of HIV found, 301 AIDS and 94 death also reported. Regarding STD, in 1986 only 96 cases, 1997, 961 cases and 3000 cases. For T.B 1113 cases found in 1992 subsequently increasing trend of HIV among T.B patients. In Manipur the epidemic continues to have a major impact upon the large population of IDUs, estimated to be approximate 30,000, ninety percent of whom are Youths (Ausaid report 2002 ) and according to Rapid Situation Assessment (RSA) of drug user conducted in Imphal by SHARAN & Kripa society, it has been estimated that there are about 14,000/- (appx.) drug users in Imphal city alone out of which 70% are young people further the Epidemiological Analysis of HIV/AIDS in Manipur ( July 2003) by Manipur State AIDS Control Society shows that out of 15,584 HIV positive cases 7303 lies at the age group of 11 – 30 needless to say that these number are underestimated.At present Manipur, according to UNAIDS/NACO has some 40,000/- or more PLWHA. In the last few years due to drive by Law enforcement agencies there was a scarcity as well as increase in price of Heroin and also failing to produce the desired effect in the drug due to increasing tolerance or due to decreasing purity of street level heroin resulting in switching to drugs like Spasmo Proxyvon, Lobain etc. which were available easily in the pharmacies. When HIV/AIDS emerged in the 1980s, few could have predicted its devastating global impact and with the birth of a new century HIV/AIDS in India has the potential to become one of the biggest development challenges faced for generations. HIV/AIDS is not merely a health issue and its impact goes beyond the tragedy of its sufferers, their families and communities. It also has the potential to erode economic, social and human development across the full spectrum of development gains; this affords is a particular priority. HIV/AIDS disproportionately affects the poor and disadvantaged. While it is not in itself a disease of poverty, poverty significantly increases a person's susceptibility to the disease. Therefore, the impact of HIV/AIDS is most severely felt by the poorest and, in particular, by vulnerable groups such as women and children.

The increasing levels of HIV/AIDS in women and the subsequent rise of prenatal

12

transmission highlights the importance of incorporating a strong gender perspective into any strategy to address HIV/AIDS. Women's ability to negotiate their sexual relations is rooted in their social and economic status. High dependency on male partners and low education standards limits women's choices to determine their sexual relations even when faces with high risk and potentially dangers situation. The choice to practice safe sex is still very much the preserve of the male who may be reluctant to used condoms, particularly with regular partners. Because of this potentially devastating impact, HIV/AIDS is increasingly becoming a major concerned of health professional and NGOs in India. However, awareness of HIV/AIDS through out the country remains very low. In 1997 UNAIDS estimated that there were between 4.1 million people in the age group of 18-40 infected with HIV/AIDS. Youth Friendly Information & Consultation Centre The Youth Friendly Information cum Consultation Center is a center initiated by the Youth Friendly Network, a nonprofitable community base self help group of recovering addicts. The centre was inaugurated on the 26th of April 2003 by N. Saratchandra Singh, President, Indian AIDS Consortium; Dr. N. Giridhari Singh, Senior Librarian, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences and Shri. Nobokishore Singh, Secretary, Centre for Social Development. Youth Friendly Center There are special reasons why youths are specially exposed to infection with what is above all a sexually transmitted virus and through sharing of contaminated injecting equipment among Drug users. Adolescence and Youth are times of discovery, emerging feeling and the exploration of new behavior and relationships. They are confronted with media image of sex, smoking and drinking as glamorous and risk free. They are told to be abstinent but are exposed to barrage of advertisement using sex to sell goods. Youth friendly information that keeps the realities of young people in mind is often lacking. Even through there is government health services and other NGOs working in this field, young people have less access to Government health centers than Adults do. Youths are more reluctant to seek treatment for fear of being found out, or because the services are unwelcoming and unattractive. Counseling is rarely available and primary health centers are viewed by young people to be restricted to married women and couple. Even when health care providers are willing to receive them, youths are reluctant to talk openly either out of embarrassment or because they fear that confidentiality will not be respected. The absence of youth friendly centre is an obstacle to the challenge in the Global HIV/AIDS & Drugs programme. 13

‘WIDE ANGLE’ Youth friendly Center is the linkage, where they can discuss question related to sexual health or sexuality or drug use or obtain condom and other protective devices, it provides them trained Reception function of Bill & Melinda Gates health-care professionals and counselors who foundation Representatives by – Youth Friendly Network understand their problem and provide youth friendly, gender-sensitive sexual & reproductive health services. A number of techniques were employed to help reduce risky practices of Youths especially IDUs and prevent further spread to their spouses and general population. But with no previous experience doing this type of work, many of the methods were not effective. Initially much emphasis was placed on having former addicts visit current users to educate them about HIV/AIDS. However, former addicts were not particularly motivated to do this, for they did not want others to know that they had used drugs, they did not want reminders of their old situation. In many cases, the former addicts got relapsed. So, a mixed outreach team was developed consisting of both ex-user and non-users in Reception of Dr. Sadhana Rout and Dr. equal ratio and the service provided by this Shokat- NACO mixed team was found very effective. Under the capacity building process, the team has received training on conducting needs assessment, counseling, management, monitoring and evaluation, sex & sexuality and gender issue but the best education they acquire is by learning from its own experience. Recognizing this, the group met weekly initially to discuss their experience, what they learned and how to modify future activities. With more new strategies based on lessons learned and changes in the HIV/AIDS epidemic, the Youth friendly Center is still continuing to provide service with additional backup from Rapid Intervention and Care (RIAC) supported by the Manipur State AIDS Control Society. Objective:i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi)

To impart the knowledge of HIV/AIDS and Drug related harm. To develop negotiation skills for youths to enable them for safe sexual behaviour. To minimise the spread of HIV infection from Youths to their Sex Partners through condom promotion, education and counselling, clean Needles & Syringes. To provide counselling and referral services to voluntary HIV antibody testing centres and drug treatment centres. To monitor, document & evaluate the change in the Attitude & behavioural pattern of Youths. To help and support the people living with HIV/AIDS in forming their own ‘self support groups’ and to empower them in decision making.

14

vii) viii)

To ensure effective linkage between Youths and health services through formation of Youth core group. To create a venue for Youths at risk, where they can spend their spare time in recreational activities so as to avoid peer pressure.

Activities:1. To conduct knowledge, Attitude & behaviour survey on youths so as to understand the present trend for smooth implementation of the programme. 2. Formation of Youth friendly Network. 3. Development of youth friendly IEC materials and resource directory 4. Adolescent health, sexual and reproductive health education for young girls & boys. 5.

Counseling :a) Imparting basic information on HIV/AIDS. b) Voluntary blood testing (pre & post test). c) Crisis management & empowering negotiating skills for safer sex. d) Counseling for emotional and other psychosocial needs. 6. The Youth friendly Center will network with various NGOs, health service centers to inform them of the programme undertaken so as to make the service more friendly. 7. Publication of newsletter & journals. 8. Collaboration and coordination among service providers 9. To provide library facilities so as to develop a reading habit and to upgrade their knowledge and current affairs. 10. To provide T.V., indoor games, musical instruments for their recreation. 11. To provide employment news. 12. To organised Networking and focus group meeting.

Rapid Intervention & Care (RIAC) The organization is at present implementing Rapid Intervention and Care Project which is based on the concept and principles of Harm Reduction initiated by the Manipur State AIDS Control Society in sixteen villages under Naoriya pakhanglakpa & Patsoi Assembly constituency of Imphal District. The overall concept & philosophy of the project is based on harm reduction and is been implemented in all the districts of Manipur by different partner NGOs. The organisation conducted a base line survey in which main drug using sites were identified through ethnographic observations, questionnaires, focus group discussion among drug users and in-depth interviews with IDUs .Community leaders, Youths, and Student leaders, NGOs, Health practitioners, Police officers, Chemists /Pharmacies, Local clubs and Meira paibies were some of the key informants 15

.Secondary data was also collected and analysed and was estimated that there are one thousand one hundred and sixty Drug users out of which six hundred and fifty were Injecting drug users. The total number of clients being given services by the organisation in its one-year period is 339 with 65 spouses and 22 children. The objectives of the project was to reduce further spread of HIV infection among IDUs and their sexual partner, to monitor and evaluate behavioural change of IDUs, to achieve complete abstinence from drugs in the long run and to minimise spread of HIV infection to the female spouses of IDUs. Despite the continuous efforts by Government and NGOs in prevention of HIV/ AIDS, IDUs still remains as the highest risk group for HIV infection with 58.98 % in Manipur. HIV infection is no longer confined to the IDUs but has population through sexual transmission and peri-natal transmission, in spread to the general order to ensure prevention of HIV transmission from mother to child, there is a need to prevent HIV transmission from IDUs to their female sex partners. The control of spread of HIV infection among IDUs is, therefore, very critical to the efforts to control spread of infection in the general population. Objectives:Main Objective

1. To prevent transmission of HIV amongst Injecting Drug Users based on Harm Reduction approach and I.E.C. campaign. Specific Objectives 1. To minimise the spread of HIV infection among Injecting Drug Users by providing free access to clean Needles, Syringes, Counselling, Capacity Building, Referral, IEC and Networking to drug treatment and social supports. 2. To minimise the spread of HIV infection from IDUs to their Sex Partners through condom promotion, education and counselling. 3. To provide counselling and voluntary HIV antibody testing services to those who need it. 4. To monitor and evaluate the change in the behavioural pattern of IDUs. 5. To provide medical, nursing and social care at home for those living with HIV/AIDS with referral system between home and hospital. 6. To help and support the people with HIV/AIDS in forming their own ‘ selfhelp group’ and to empower them in decision making. 7. To assess the needs of the people with HIV/AIDS and to initiate community mobilisation so that the families and community can take responsibility for care of people with HIV/AIDS. 8. To ensure effective linkage between community and hospital through formation of ‘Thoudang Marups’ ( community action group ) at the community level and “ Peer Educator’s & Outreach workers training

16

Layengshangi Marup’ ( hospital action groups ) at the hospital / community health centers/primary health centers. Activities -

Baseline study and Identification. Group session and client enrollment. NSEP and Condom promotion. Community meeting. Peer Education Training. Community Leaders Training. Referral + Networking. Free health check-up IDUs spouses and their children. Care, support and procuring medicines. Field visit and follow-up. Community sensitization meeting Developing I.E.C. materials and its distribution. Poster campaign. Formation of self help groups. Focus group meeting. Observation of any special events involving HIV/AIDS.

-

Constraints Administration

• • • • • •

Limited resources and high demand of services. High expectations of financial and medical assistance especially care clients. Fast changing trends of issues related to HIV/AIDS. Irregular flow of fund. No on going capacity building trainings, exposure etc. Unavailability of proper counseling place outside the office.

NSEP

• • • • • • • •

Difficult to follow-up NSEP clients due to frequent change of shooting place. Unable to form Self-Help-Group of current IDUs due to their drugging behaviors. Harassment of NSEP clients by underground personals. Rejection of the programme by the community people due to misunderstanding of encouraging drug abuse. Dishonesty of the clients. Difficult to monitor the clients due their constant change of shooting place and joints. Difficult to follow-up the clients since they usually do not stay at their homes and also they do not have a proper meeting place due to the fear of police. Demand of service by other clients who are out of the project area.

Care

17

-

More stigmatization and ill treatment of infected/affected spouses and widows of IDUs who died of AIDS. Denial of families about the care client at the initial stage. Misconception by families on medicines and funds towards RIAC. Difficulties of counseling a client who is bed-ridden since he may not accept or understand. Denial of the clients during the initial stage. High expectation about the sponsoring of medicines. Denial of the clients HIV status when improving of health begins. Unavailability of required drugs.

Needs

-

Adequate and timely provisions of resources and services. Adequate provision of medicines at subsidized rate & developing a policy on them. Teaching AID for illiterate clients. Integrated HIV/AIDS services cell in the existing community settings (Clubs, Meira Paibis, CBOs etc.). Ongoing capacity building for RIAC staffs. Review of Care Component of RIAC (Needs a full time Doctor and inclusion of policies meant for spouses of IDUs and their children). Programmes needs to be more focused on adolescents’ sexual health. To develop a concrete policy for women & children who are infected and affected by HIV/AIDS. More out reach worker required. T.A. for out reach services. DIC improvement (Infrastructure & material). Need for monthly intense monitoring by MACS. Need for substitution therapy. Need to include home detox services. Need to develop IEC for specific target groups ( research )

Women Empowerment Centre (WEC) Recently at the beginning of the year 2004, our organisation jointly opened the Women Empowerment Centre at Uripok Imphal which is a joint initiative of three NGOs namely Wide Angle, Echema and Continuum of Care Project (COCP) for supporting the widows self help groups affected by HIV/AIDS in income generating programme. Our organisation is in charge of the training and marketing

18 WEC at Uripok Imphal

section, Echema has supported the infrastructure and office management and COCP has taken the responsibility of supply of raw materials and sponsored six tailoring machine. Till date there are 125 widows enrolled in the centre and various training programme and workshop have been organised for capacitating the group. Planet Kids – Child Friendly Day Care Centre Planet Kids - a child friendly day care centre, is a centre initiated by ‘WIDE ANGLE’, a State level voluntary organization on the 1st May 2004 and aims at providing education, which instills values, enables children to explore their surroundings and learn through fun and play. It is designed to ensure that the child adds value to its growth - each moment, each day. The centre offers appropriate programs dedicated to the care and development of children. The emphasis is on all-round development, which encompasses emotional and social development, gross and fine motor skills, language development and academic skills. Planet Kids care takers are a friend, confidante, guide and counsellor to each of the kids. The centre is staffed by trained, caring professionals whose primary concern is the welfare and development of children. An experienced and educated Head Mistress manages Planet Kid’s Centre and is dedicated to providing quality child care services for families in the state of Manipur for creation of productive Drug & HIV/AIDS free youths in the future. Facilities are designed to emphasize safety and to encourage learning through play way methods. Planet Kids provides nutritious hot snacks for children everyday. It is choice provided to the children for the best in child friendly day care and developmental services. Project Leisemba – A child friendly community Initiative Introduction: Children the image God of are often regarded as the future of a country. When they are well cared, well educated and well fed are considered as the future pillars of a society. Yet, in this world some section of children whose parents are affected by HIV/AIDS, are deprived of their basic Human Rights. Such children born by drug addicts or HIV positive parents are the most unlucky and worst affected victims of AIDS pandemic, for no faults of theirs. Their proportions have already reached an alarming rate. Hence a need has arisen for us to remain alert for protecting the

19

uninfected and vis-à-vis, to show compassion, give love and care and enliven these children who are the outcomes of the dreaded epidemic. Illness or death of parents or guardians robs a child of emotional and physical support. Young children, who are already infected when their mother die, have a higher mortality too. The society stigma associated with AIDS leaves affected children especially disadvantaged in term of school enrolment and malnutrition. They are denied of love, affection, care, education, and help and support of any kind as the earner adults left them, most often they have to earn for themselves. The general populations forget their existence and there is no specific government programme to look after their health and well being. They suffer so, for ‘their destiny to ponder on the riddle of existence’. Globally, 3.2 million children have been infected by HIV/AIDS by the end of Dec. 2002 as reported by UNAIDS. Out of 27.9 million deaths since the beginning of the epidemic up to Dec. 2002; 5.5 million were children below 15 years of age. Approximately 13.4 million children have lost one or both parents to AIDS. USAIDS has estimated that by the year 2010, there will be a total of 41 million orphans who have last their mother or both parents due to AIDS worldwide (UNAIDS, 1998). According to epidemiological analysis of HIV/AIDS in Manipur up to April 2004 (provided by Manipur State AIDS control society), there are 294 male, 214 female between the age group 0 to 10, resulting to a total of 508 positive children i.e. 3.99% of the total positive population of Manipur. The initiative envisages in creating a resource pool from various section of the community for providing educational support to the orphan children infected and affected by HIV/AIDS. The support resource base will be managed by a committee comprised of all members of the resource support group, which will also be subjected to consistent review of all support structure, process and other emerging requirements etc. All successful outcomes and limitations identified during the initial implementation will impact the planning and expansion of the support process, including increase in member of children and further expansion in other district of Manipur. The organization will be responsible for monitoring the progress of each child in school and will offer counselling and advice wherever necessary. The project with the help of community, individual sponsor and personal donation will meet the cost of school fees, uniforms, books and maintenance of each child up to the High School level. To oversee the implementation of the project, a working committee has been formed which is headed by Shri Montu Ahanthem the secretary - Wide Angle on the 31st July 2004.

20

Objectives: -

Visit of Child Relief and You (CRY)

1. To provide equal access for children living with HIV/AIDS to quality oriented education for their empowerment for minimizing stigma & discrimination. 2. To sensitize and involve all sections of the community to minimize the impact of HIV/AIDS among the children. Justification: The care of children in education, nutrition and health is one of the most important concerns of families as well as society today. The global community consistently reaffirms that the survival, protection, growth and development in good health of children are the essential foundation of sustainable human development. No children are born with HIV/AIDS, but they are the most unlucky and worst affected victims of AIDS epidemic. It gives ill effect to children usually in education, health and social status. Children who are affected by HIV/AIDS are neglected and denied of love, affection, care, education and help & support of any kind, as a result they do any kind of things that are considered anti-social and anti-establishment. They may become victims of drug peddling, drug addiction, alcoholism, crimes, sexual abuse, juvenile delinquency, prostitution, etc. The success of any social service intervention depends primarily on the level of community involvement and the community acknowledgement of the gravity of the menace. The initiative envisage effective community involvement, initially through direct support to victims of HIV/AIDS and in the process, coming into terms with the magnitude of the menace and in particular the socio-economic, health and other special need of people living with HIV/AIDS. This strengthening of community capacities in providing a supportive environment for orphans and girls and boys infected and affected by HIV/AIDS is crucial in removing discriminations directed by members of communities towards these children. The initiative will also encourage active involvement of community from both sexes that can challenge gender stereotypes and attitudes in relation to HIV/AIDS. Selection of Beneficiary: In the initial phase, ten (10) numbers of children, from Imphal West District, infected/affected by HIV/AIDS, who are within the age group 4(four) to 10(ten) years were identified for the care & support programme. Children from both sexes, belonging to any of the Indigenous community of Manipur, who have economically unsound family will be considered. The selection of the children will be done considering the facts from the following findings: 1. Case study of the client.

21

2. Consultation with various sections of community such as Meira Paibis, NGOs, Pradhan, local clubs and traders. 3. Direct interaction with the children. 4. Children who lacks economic support from family members. Methodology of implementation: The initiative envisage creating a resource pool from various section of community, in particular, Women’s organization, Children’s organization, CBOs, Individuals, Youth Clubs, etc. Ten children fulfilling the criteria established will be identified for support for their education, till the high school level. Orphaned children will be accorded special consideration. The resource base will be managed by a committee comprised of all members of the resource support group, which will also be subjected to consistent review of all support structure and process, other emerging response requirement, etc. All successful outcome and limitations identified in review during the initial one-year implementation will affect the planning and expansion of the support process, including increasing number of service facilities of children for support and to encourage others to introduce such kind of initiatives in other district of Manipur Activities to be undertaken: The following activities will be undertaken during the care and support programme:  To sponsor admission and tuition fees from class nursery to class-X. (Including school uniform and prescribed books)  To organise competitions including painting, song, sports event, etc.  Annual prize distribution to the outstanding students.  To organize healths check up camps.  To provide annual audited report to our sponsorer.  To organize children program in AIR from time to time.  To organize/conduct recreational programmes such as picnic, mela shows, etc. Expected outcomes: Some of the outcomes expected after the successful implementation of the program are: 1. Stigma and discrimination will be minimized from the community by 40%. 2. Fundamental rights of the children will be safeguarded. 3. Community involvement for sponsoring such initiatives will increase.

MECHANISM FOR GOVERNANCE OF THE ORGANISATION

22

RULES AND REGULATIONS (Under provisions of Manipur Societies Registration Act, 1989) 1.

In the interpretation of these articles unless there is anything repugnant in the subject of context: a) b) c) d) e) f) g)

2.

“ACT” means the “Manipur Registration of Societies Act, 1989” “Society” means an Association of persons united by a common aim, interest and principle and registered or deemed to have been registered under the Act. Words imparting the masculine gender shall include the feminine gender. “Words in the singular” shall include the plural and vice versa. “Year” means the period commencing from the 1st April and ending on the 31st of March of the year. “Committee” means the “Managing Committee” of the Society. “Sub-Committee” means the committee appointed by the Society.

MEMBERSHIP: Any person male or female who is fully qualified for membership and agrees to abide by the Regulations of the Society and who is desirous for striving for the attainment of the objectives of the Society may be admitted as members.

3.

QUALIFICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP : Any person for his/her illegibility to be a member of the Society-a) Should be above 18 years of age. b) Should not be one who is incompetent to law to enter into contractual obligations. c) Should be one willing to work for the attainment of the aims and the objects of the association.

4.

CLASSIFICATION OF MEMBERSHIPS: Every person who shall pay to the society a subscription of Rs. 500 (Rupees Five hundred) only in one year should be a member of the association. There will be no classification or category of membership so that all members shall have the same status.

5.

MODE OF ADMISSION FOR MEMBERSHIP:

23

a) b) c)

6.

Person desirous of becoming member of the Society shall sign the application form prescribed for the purpose or may apply in their own handwriting and pay the amount prescribed for membership. The application shall be submitted to the Secretary of the Society. The Secretary shall place the application before the Managing Committee whose decision on the admission of the member shall be final.

CEASATION AND REMOVAL OF MEMBERSHIP: A person shall cease to be member of the society:a) On his/her death. b) On his/her being mentally disable or incompetent to enter into contractual obligations. c) On his/her resignation in writing and acceptance of the same by the Managing Committee. d) On his/her failure to pay the subscription within the due date. e) Any person whose activities are considered detrimental to the interest of the society can be removed from the membership of society by the decision of a simple majority of the members present and voting at the meeting of the General Body of the Society specially convened for the purpose, after giving him/her an opportunity of being heard by the Committee which will recommend the removal.

7.

RESIGNATION FROM THE MEMBERSHIP: Any member who is resigning from the membership shall apply in writing to the Chairman. The application shall be discussed in a Managing Committee. The effects of resignation shall take from the date of acceptance by the Managing Committee.

8.

MAINTENANCE OF MEMBERS’ REGISTER: The Society shall maintain at its registered office a register of each member and shall enter there in, the following, among others: a) The full name and address of each members. b) The date on which the member was admitted. c) The date on which the member ceases to such a member.

9.

COMPOSITION OF THE GENERAL BODY: The General Body of the Society shall consist of all the categories of members mentioned in Rule 4 of the Rules and Regulations.

10.

POWERS & FUNCTIONS OF THE GENERAL BODY:

24

The ultimate authority in all matters shall lie with the General Body. The General Body shall not, however, interfere with the actions taken by the Managing Committee in accordance with the Act, the Rules and Regulations of the Society. Among others, the powers of the General Body shall be the following: a) Election of the Managing Committee members. b) Consideration and adoption of the Annual report and audited annual statement of accounts and balance sheet of the society. c) Amendment of the memorandum and the regulations. d) Such other reports and statements as may be required from time to time or as may be prescribed in the Act and Rules. e) Annual budget. f) Transaction of any business concerning the Society fro which due notice has been given within the prescribed time. 11.

ANNUAL GENERAL BODY MEETING: The annual general meeting of the General Body shall be called within one month from the closing of the financial year and the following business items shall be transacted in such a meeting: a) To discuss the annual report of the Managing Committee. b) To receive and adopt the audited statement of accounts, balance sheet and auditor’s report. c) Election of the new members of the Managing Committee. d) To adopt and approve the annual budget. e) To appoint an internal auditor for the ensuing year.

12.

QUORUM OF THE ANNUAL GENERAL BODY MEETING: Two thirds of the members entitled to vote in the up-to-date members Register shall form the Quorum of such a meeting. In case quorum is not formed, the meeting shall be adjourned. For such an adjourned meeting quorum is not necessary. If the business in the agenda cannot be completed on the date of meeting, it may be postponed to another date which however should not be later than 15 days of the date of such meeting.

13.

SPECIAL GENERAL BODY MEETING: a) The Managing Committee at its own motion or in compliance of a directive from the Registrar of Society may call a special General Body Meeting any time. b) A special General Body Meeting may also be called on receipt of a requisition made in writing addressed to the President by one third of the members of 15 members whichever is less. c) For a Special General Body Meeting (b) above on receipt of the resolution, the Managing Committee shall forthwith proceed to convene the General Body Meeting within a fortnight. On the refusal of the Secretary to call the

25

meeting, the President shall call the meeting. If the President also refuses to call the meeting, the requisition themselves shall convene the meeting. 14.

COMPOSITION OF THE ELECTION OF MEMBERS:

MANAGING

COMMITTEE

AND

The management of the Society shall vest to the Managing Committee to be elected by the General Body. The following shall be the composition of the Managing Committee: a) The Managing Committee shall consist of members of the Society. b) The members of the Managing Committee shall elect from among themselves one Chairman, one Vice-Chairman, one Member Secretary, one Treasurer and one Executive Member. c) The election of the Managing Committee members and the office bearers may be done either by secret ballot or show of hands according to the convenience of the Society unless otherwise provided in the Act and Rules. d) Casual vacancies of the committee to filled up by co-option from the members by the Committee. e) Any person elected by the committee to fill a casual vacancy on the committee shall hold office only when the charge is handed over. f) Any retired member of committee shall be eligible fro re-election. g) The service of the members of the Managing Committee shall be gratuitous. 15.

POWER & FUNCTION OF THE MANAGING COMMITTEE: a)

The Managing Committee shall exercise all the powers except those reserved for the General Body to which the committee is answerable. The entire Administration and management of the Society shall vest in the Managing Committee. The Managing Committee shall exercise all such powers and take such proceedings and do such acts as are necessary for the proper management of the affairs of the Society and for carrying out the objectives subject to the Society framed there under. In this word, the Managing Committee shall have full power and authority to do all acts, matters, things and deeds which may be necessary or expenditure for the purpose of the Society and more particularly the followings: •

To look after management and supervise the management of the Society, its properties and to extend money required for the purpose.

•

To prepare and submit to the annual General Meeting an audited statement of account and report of the previous year.

•

To pay all rates, rents, taxes, salaries and remuneration of employees of the Society.

26

b)

•

To invite and accept donations and subscriptions with or without any conditions.

•

To do all such acts and things as are incidental or conductive to the attainment of the objects specified in the memorandum or Association.

•

To frame bye-laws and Rules of business in conformity with the Act, Rules and Regulations fro the conduct of the Society. The Managing Committee may appoint Sub-Committee (consisting of wholly or partly) of members of their own body as they may think fit and may delegate their powers to them and prescribe their function and the procedures to be followed.

c) Two thirds of the members of the Managing Committee shall form a quorum. The Chairman or the Member Secretary shall, upon the request of five members of the committee summon a meeting of the committee. 16.

THE POWERS AND FUNCTION OF THE PRESIDENT: The following shall be the powers and functions of the President: a) b) c) d) e) f) g)

17.

The President shall exercise powers of general supervision of the affairs of the Society. He/she shall preside over meeting of the General Body and the Managing Committee. He/she also preside over the meetings of other committee or subcommittee constituted under his/her President Ship. He/she shall sign the proceedings of all meeting preside over by him/her. In case of tie on any resolution, the President shall have a casting vote. He/she may delegate any of his/her powers to the Vice-President. He/she may sue or be sued on behalf of the Organisation.

THE VICE-PRESIDENT

The Vice-President can exercise all the powers and functions of the President during the absence of the latter. He/she can exercise the following powers also: a) b)

18.

He/she shall assist the President for the smooth discharge of the latter’s power and functions. He/she shall discharge powers delegated to him/her by the President.

THE SECRETARY

27

The Secretary shall be the overall officer-in-charge of the Organisation in the day to day affairs and shall be responsible to the Managing Committee. The powers and functions of the Member Secretary shall be as under: a) To look after the affairs of the Society under the direction of Managing Committee and shall convene whichever necessary meeting of the Society. b) To keep proper minutes of the proceedings of the General Meetings and the Managing Committee meetings. He/she shall execute every necessary action to implement the resolution passed in the meetings. c) To ensure proper maintenance of the account of the Organisation. d) To sanction day to day payments and expenditures. e) To countersign the entries in the case book. f) To cause timely audit of accounts of the Organisation and submit the balance sheets, auditor’s report etc. to all concerned. g) To appoint, suspend, dismiss, terminate or punish the employees subject to the proper approval of the Managing Committee. He/she shall have general control over the staff. 19.

THE JOINT SECRETARY

The Joint Secretary shall exercise the powers of the Secretary during the latter’s absence. The secretary may also delegate his/her powers to the Joint Secretary. The Joint Secretary may assist the Secretary in discharging the latter’s duties and functions. 20.

THE TREASURER a) b) c)

21.

The Treasurer shall be responsible for all the financial affairs of the Society. He/she shall not keep more than Rs.500/- (Rupees Five hundred) only with him/her, the excess is to be deposited with such bank as may be approved by the committee. He/she shall prepare statements, returns, etc. connected with the accounts of the Society.

REGISTERS AND BOOK OF ACCOUNTS

Proper books of accounts, registers and other documents shall be maintained as may be prescribed by the Manipur Societies Registration Act, 1989 and rules or by the Registrar of Societies. In case there is no such prescription the Society shall maintain the following books of accounts: a) b)

Cash books showing daily receipts and expenditures and the balance at the end of each day. Receipt books in duplicate forms one of which is to be issued with details of money received by the Society and the other to serve as counterfoil.

28

c) d) e) f) 23.

Voucher file containing all vouchers for contingency and other expenditure incurred by the Society and numbered serially. Ledgers showing consolidated and separate accounts of all items of receipt and expenditure. Registers of receipts and disbursements. Any other books of accounts if, required.

AUDIT

The Society shall close its accounts to be audited at least once a year by a chartered accountant or any other qualified auditor or an auditor of the Department of Cooperative, Govt. of Manipur. The Society shall pay such amount as audit fee in the manner and at the rate fixed by the appropriate authority of the audit. The Managing Committee shall arrange for proper internal audit and supervision.

24.

DISSOLUTION

Subject to the provisions of the Act and Rules for any reason whatever if the activities of the Society come to a standstill or if the Society is otherwise to be wound up, the Managing Committee by a resolution shall recommend this to the General Body, which in turn at a meeting specially convene for the purpose resolve by vote of at least 1/5th of the members present may determine that the Society shall be dissolve after giving 15 days notice of the meeting with specified justification for the purpose thereof. 25.

DISPOSAL OF PROPERTIES

In case of the dissolution of the Society, property whatsoever shall not be distributed among the members but shall be given to some other Societies or Institutions having similar objectives as those of the Society. 26.

FUNDS

The funds of the Society may be raised by receiving donation, grant, subscription, etc. from public or private, Government, VOs, NGOs and any other National & International funding agencies. 27.

AMENDMENTS

Any alternation, addition, omission in the rules and regulations of the Society shall be effected by a resolution of two thirds of the members present entitled to vote at a General Meeting to be held after interval of one month of the former meeting. Managing Committee

29

The Management of the affairs if the Society is entrusted to a Managing committee in accordance with Rules and Regulation of the Society which the first members are: Sl. No. 1.

Name

Address

Haobam Lembi Devi

Singjamei Parking

2.

L. Somochandra

3.

Montu Ahanthem

4.

Haobam Baby Devi

5.

Ch. Jiten Singh

6.

S. Kumar Singh

7.

L. Somojit

Kwakeithel laisram Leikai. Keisamthong, Ahanthem Leikai Uripok, Haobam Dewan Leikai Singjamei, Thokchom Leikai Khagempali panthak Lourembam leikai

Occupation

Designation

Social Worker Social Worker Social Worker Social Worker Social Worker Social Worker Social Worker

President Vice President Secretary Treasurer Member Member Member

Secretary

30

We, the undersigned being three of the members of the General Body of the Wide Angle Social Development Organisation, certified that the above is a correct copy of the Rules and Regulations of the said Society. Managing Committee We the several persons whose Name, Address, Age, Occupation are subscribe below and desire of forming a society in Society in pursuance of the aforesaid memorandum of the Association and have the Memorandum in the presence of the witness shown below: Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Name Haobam Lembi Devi Arambam Surjakumar Montu Ahanthem

Father’s/Mother’s Name Haobam Yaima

Address

Age

Occupation

Singjamei Parking

56

Social Worker

A. Arunkumar

Tera, Lukram Leirak

34

Social Worker

A. Hemchand

Keisamthong Ahanthem Leikai Uripok, Haobam Dewan Leikai Singjamei Thokchom Leikai Uripok

27

Social Worker

26

Social Worker

34

Social Worker

24

Social Worker

26

Social Worker

35

Social Worker

25

Social Worker

27

Social Worker

H. Sanatombi

5.

Haobam Baby Devi Ch. Jiten Singh

6.

Haobam Agu

Haobam Ibohal

7.

Bikramjit Elangbam Mary Hemchand

E.Sukumar

M. Mani

10.

Mairembam Sangeeta M.Indrakumar

M.Ibobi

Elangbam Leikai, Keisamthong Keisamthong Ahanthem Leikai Moirang, Mairembam Leikai Moirang Purel

11.

L.Somojit

(L) L.Mani

Lourembam Leikai

28

Social Worker

12.

H. Sanatombi

Tera, Lukram Leirak

34

Social Worker

13.

Haobam Manileima Aribam Mukesh

A.Mamudor

25

Social Worker

14.

W.Basanta

W.Meghachandra

27

Social Worker

15.

L.Somochandra

L.Brojen

29

Social Worker

16.

S.Kumar

S.Ibotombi

29

Social Worker

17.

L.Jayanta

L.Ningthou

Keisamthong Ahanthem Leikai Hiyanglam, Awang Leikai Kwakeithel Laishram Leikai Khagempalli Panthak Babupara

33

Social Worker

18.

Y.Yaima

Yairipok

24

Social Worker

19.

Yambem Pramila Devi A.Vikramjit

A.Hemchand

32

Social Worker

20.

Ch.Tjoibi Devi

Ch.Sanatombi

Keisamthong Ahanthem Leikai Thokchom Leikai

31

Social Worker

8. 9.

Ch.Tomba

A.Hemchand

31