1-4 Nonmetals And Metal Lo Ids

Nonmetals and Metalloids Chapter 1, Section 4

What is a Nonmetal? Nonmetals- elements that lack most of the properties of metals  Positioned to the right of the zigzag line in the periodic table  Common elements and extremely important to all living things 

Nonmetals Physical Properties   

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Many are gases at room temp. low boiling point Physical properties of nonmetals are opposite to those of metalsdull, brittle, not malleable, not ductile Low density Poor conductors

Chemical Properties 

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Most nonmetals readily form compounds Group 18 elements rarely form bonds with other atoms

Compounds of Nonmetals 

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When nonmetals and metals react, electrons move from the metal atom to the nonmetal atoms Diatomic moleculesmolecules that contain only two atoms

Families of Nonmetals The Carbon Family Group 14- the carbon family  Carbon is only nonmetal in group  All living things contain carbon compounds 

Nitrogen Family Group 15, the Nitrogen Family  Air almost 80% Nitrogen 

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What form of Nitrogen is unreactive?

The Oxygen Family Group 16, the oxygen family  Oxygen gas is a diatomic molecule  Oxygen can be a triatomic molecule (ozone)  O2 is very reactive  Sulfur also a nonmetal 

Halogen Family Group 17: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine  Nearly all are nonmetals  All halogen are very reactive, most dangerous 

Noble Gases Group 18: Noble gases  Do not ordinarily form compounds with other elements  Chemically very stable and unreactive  Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon 

hydrogen Simplest element- contains 1 proton and one electron  Not grouped in a family 

Metalloids Seven elements between metals and nonmetals  Varying ability to conduct electricity depending on temperature, light, and small impurities  Semiconductors- substances that under some conditions can conduct electricity while 