1-1 The Properties Of Matter

The Properties of Matter Chapter 1

Matter and Changes in Matter Section 1

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Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter • Physical and chemical properties of matter are used to classify and describe a particular substance • Physical properties- a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into something else – Includes things like color, density hardness, melting point, and boiling point

• Chemical properties- a characteristic of a substance observed when a substance changes into a different substance – Includes things like burning, rusting 2

When are a substance’s chemical properties Sodium (Na)

Iron (Fe)

Tungsten ( W)

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Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures Elements • Element- substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means • Examples- Oxygen, Helium, Gold, Silver

• Element Gold(Au)

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Compounds • Compound- a substance made of two or more elements that are chemically bound together in a set ratio – Water (H20); Rust (FeO); Salt (NaCl)

• Formula- shows the ratio of elements in a compound • Properties of a compound 5

Mixture s

• Mixture- consists of two or more substances in the same place that are not chemically combined – May be mixed so well it is hard to tell them apart

• Each substance of the mixture has its own properties

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Changes in Matter Physical Changes •alters the form or appearance of a material but does not convert the material into new substances

Chemical Changes • a change in matter that forms one or more new substances •production of new materials are chemically different from the

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Reading Chemical Equations • Chemical Equation- a short, simple way to describe a chemical reaction, using symbols and formulas instead of words. C + O2 CO2 • Carbon reacts with Oxygen gas to form carbon dioxide • Reactants- substances you start with in a chemical reaction ( C & O) • Products- substances you end with in a reaction (CO2) 8

Chemical Reactions on a Small Scale • Atom- smallest particle of an element • All atoms of an element have the same chemical properties • Atoms of different elements have different properties • Atoms are unbelievably small • Molecule- particle made of two or more atoms • Some molecules are made of like atoms

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