trSwf(4)? atmufwdkbmv 2009 ckeSpf
tvif;&eH@ *sme,f
pDtikd af t tar$Z,m;ESihf tif'ekd ;D &Sm;armf',f &JE, G rf ;dk urBmhZmwfckHrSm tif'kdeD;&Sm;&JŒ wrlxl;wJh tajymif;tvJ tcsKd;tauG@awGukd armf',fwpfrsK;d vk@d ,lq=uygw,f? t"dutcsuu f tm%m&SiEf idk if rH sm; ajcrukid rf d vuf rukdifrdeJ@ xGufaygufydwfvmwJhtcg tif'kdeD;&Sm;ykHpHukd avhvmovkdvkd/ twkckd;&rvkdvkd? aemufa=umif; c%jyefvkduf=u&atmif? tif'kdeD;&Sm;ukd 'kwd,urBmppf t+yD; upvkd@ orwqlumEkdu OD;aqmifygw,f? wkdif;jynftusKd;pD;yGm; umuG,fvGef;vkd@ qlumEkdeJ@ csrf;omwJhEkdifiH}uD;rsm; vkH;0rwnfha&;cs rwnfh? EkdifiHykdifodrf;+yD; qif;&Jom; awGukd "ejyefcGJa0zkd@ óud;pm;wJh ‘a&mfbif[k’pwkdif qkd&S,fvpfpepf? EkdifiHwumaiGa=u; &efykHaiGtzGJ@ tkdiftrftufzfeJ@ urBmhb%fwkd@ukd taemuftusKd;pD;yGm;vufa0cHawGvkd@ ypfypfESpfESpfpGyfpGJ jiif;y,fxm;ol? qlumEkd[m rsKd;cspftrsKd;om;a&;0g'Dwpfa,mufyg? uGefjrLepfr[kwfayr,fh wufºuGoltzGJ@0ifokH;oef;ausmf&SdwJh uGefjrLepfygwDeJ@ wGJtvkyfvkyfaeol? 'Dawmh tar&duefeJ@ +Adwdo#tpkd;&awGu qlumEkdtkyfcsKyfa&; tqkH;owfypfzkd@ qkH;jzwfxm;yg+yD? tajctaetcGifhtvrf; om&ifomovkd qlumEkdukd udpPwkH;atmif okwfoifypfzkd@ pDtkdifatukd txufyk*~Kdvfrsm;u !$ef=um;xm;+yDaygh? tpOD; vky}f uHz@dk óud;pm;r_awGu tk;d eif;cGuef if; trSm;rSm;t,Gi;f ,Gi;f eJ@? 1965 ckESpf atmufwkdbmrSmawmh wu,fhtcGifhtvrf;u ay:vm+yD? pDtkdifatóud;ukdifxm;wJh AkdvfcsKyf}uD;ql[mwkdu tm%modrf;zkd@ pvkyf+yD; vuf0Jtkyfpkukd tjywf&Sif;ypfzkd@ 'kH;qkdif; xGufvmygw,f? t"duuswJh vuf0Jacgif;aqmifrsm;pm&if;ukd pDtkdifatu v#KdŒ0Sufzkdif ðypk+yD;/ ql[mwkdvufxJ tyfvkdufygw,f? aemufyifw*Gef ppfXmecsKyfuae vkdtyfwJh vufeufeJ@ qufoG,fa&;puf tv#Hty,f ‘atm’ ay;xm;wmrkd@ tif'kdeD;&Sm;ppfwyf[m a0;vHvGef;wJhu|ef;awG uawmif vSrf;qufoG,fEkdifygw,f? ql[mwkdu woa0rwdrf; pDtkdifatckdif;wJhtwkdif; ‘ajzmifypfa&;pm&if;yg’ vuf0Jav;ig;axmifukd ol@ppfwyfapv$wf+yD; '&=urf; awmeif; vkdufygw,f? 53
tvif;&eH@ *sme,f
trSwf(4)? atmufwdkbmv 2009 ckeSpf
tar&duefoH±kH;u ql[mwkdeJ@tzGJ@&JŒ ykHrSefwkd;wufr_tpD&ifcHcsufawG &ae ygw,f? owif;awG 0ifvm&if olwkd@vkdcsifwJh vlemrnfpm&if;ay: rSifeD=uufajccwf vkdufa&m? tif'kdeD;&Sm;wpfEkdifiHvkH; pdwfóudufokwfoifcs,fvS,faewmrkd@ pDtkdifat twGuf auseyfp&m}uD;aygh? atmfya&;&SifrSmygcJholwpfa,mufjzpfwJh *smumwm&Sd tar&duefoH±kH;rS ‘a&mbwfa*srmwef’ qkdolu aemufESpfq,fhig;ESpft=umrSm *sme,fvpfwpfa,mufukd ajymjyw,f? “ql[mwkd ppfwyfukd t}uD;tus,f ykHatmulnDay;cJhwm? olwkd@uvnf; vltrsm;}uD; owfay;w,f? b,fol@ xyfvkdcsifao;ovJomajym? usKyfvufawGrSm awmif aoG;awG ayusHvmovkdrsKd;yJ pm&if;awGu? pDtkdifattwGuf trSwfawGaygh?” ajzmifypf&r,fhpm&if;twkdif;ru óuH&musyef; av#mufypfowfwmuvnf; pDtkdifattwGuf tqpfygyJ? ql[mwkdu bmoma&;ausmif;om;awGukd tokH;cs+yD; wm0efawG ay;vmw,f? bmoma&;ausmif;u vli,fawGudk ppfwyfu x&deef if armif; ay;+yD; aus;±Gma'otoD;oD;u uGefjrLepfawGukd wHrsufvSnf;odrf;zkd@ !$ef=um;csufeJ@ v$wfvkdufw,f? wkid ;f rfr*~Zif; owif;axmufwpfa,mufa&;wmu “bmoma&;ausmif;om; awG[m taysmv f ;Hk awGe@J aemufvu dk af emufygawG pkac:=uw,f? "g;awGv, G /f ajcmufv;Hk jyL; cg;csdwf/ ykckH;ay: wif;ykwfwif+yD; ay;tyfwJhwm0ef}uD;tay: tpGrf;ukef ausyGef=u w,f? wpfvtwGif; oef;wpf0uf aooGm;w,f? vlwpfaxmifu vlwpfoef;ausmfukd tcsdefwkdwkdtwGif; &uf&ufpufpuf owfjzwf=uygw,f? tif'kdeD;&Sm;uGefjrLepfawmawG tajymif&Sif;ypf=uw,f? jrpfawGacsmif;awGrSm tavmif;awGay:avmeJ@ ydwfqkd@aevkd@ a&a=umif;c&D;oGm;vmr_awG &yfxm;&w,f”vkd@ azmfjyygw,f? tif'kdeD;&Sm;&JŒjzpf&yfukd wpfurBmvkH;u apmifh=unfhaecsdefyg? pdwf0ifpm;p&mu ql[mwkd&JŒ &ufpufr_wifrubl;? tar&duefjynfaxmifpk bmuav®rŒ u,fvDazmeD; ,m; wuUokdvfu arG;xkwfvkdufwJh tif'kdeD;&Sm;pD;yGm;a&;ynm&Siftkyfpk&JŒ xl;jcm;qef; us,fwJh u¾ukdvnf; 0kdif;=unfhae=u&w,f? ql[mwkdu vuf0JawG okwfoifz,f&Sm;&mrSm vufoHajymif xda&mufw,f? ok@d aomf wbufrmS ukv d b H , D m wuUov dk q f if; pD;yGm;a&;ynm&Sit f yk pf u k dk ae&may;vku d f w,f ? ol w k d @ uk d Ek d i f i H w umu ‘bmuav rmzD ; ,m;’vk d @ trnf a y;xm;w,f ? bmuavjyef vli,ftkyfpku wkdif;jynftem*wftwGuf pD;yGm;a&;tpDtpOfopfawG jyifqif a&;qGJygawmhw,f? bmuavrmzD;,m;tkyfpk[m zkd'fhazgifa';&Sif;taxmuftyHheJ@ 1956 ckESpfrSm p+yD; tar&durSm ynmEkd@pkd@cJh=uwm? olwkd@jyefa&mufawmh tif'kdeD;&Sm;wuUokdvf&JŒ 54
trSwf(4)? atmufwdkbmv 2009 ckeSpf
tvif;&eH@ *sme,f
pD;yGm;a&;ynmXmerSm taemufwkdif;pwkdif abm*aA'ynmawG twk,l xlaxmif=u w,f? okawoepmwrf;awGvnf; yvlysH xGufvmygw,f? aemuf zkd'fhazgifa';&Sif;u *smumwmrSm ausmif;wpfausmif; wnfaxmifzkd@ ya&mzufqmawG apv$wfvkdufygw,f? azgifa';&Sif;&JŒ &nf±G,fcsufu qlumEkd ðywfus oGm;+yD;aemuf tif'kdeD;&Sm;ukd OD;aqmifr,fh vli,fawGukd x&defeifay;zkd@ygyJ? qlumEkdukd ðzwfcswkef;u yg0ifcJhwJhvli,fawGu zkd'fhazgifa';&Sif;&JŒ axmufyHhr_& ausmif;om;awG jzpfvm+yD; ausmif;y&0%frSmvnf; acgif;aqmifawGaygh? bmuavrmzD;,m;tkypf u k ql[mwk&d ŒJ ppfwyfe@J eD;eD;uyfuyf yl;aygi;f tvkyf vkyf=uw,f? uGefjrLepfawG acgif;raxmifEkdifatmifeJ@ tm%modrf;tpkd;&opftwGuf tpDtpOfopfawG a&;qGJay;ygw,f? bmuavrmzD;,m;wkd@u abm*aA'ta=umif; euef;wpfvkH;rodwJh AkdvfcsKyf}uD;ql[mwkdtay: trsm;}uD;=oZmv$rf;rkd;xm;Ekdifygw,f? vli,fynm&Sifrsm;u abm*aA'oifcef;pmawGukd ql[mwkd tdrfrSm em; axmifzkd@ wdwfacGeJ@ toHzrf; óud;pm;&Sif;jyay;w,f? olwkd@xJu wpfa,mufu *k%f,l pGm eJ@ “orRwql[mwkd[m usaemfwkd@tzGJ@awGeJ@awG@&if em;axmif±kHrubl;/ rSwfpkawG csa&;w,f? ppfwyfacgif;aqmifykdif;ukdvnf; usaemfwkd@u vuf&SdpD;yGm;a&; EkdifiHa&; tcif;tusi;f awG &Si;f jy&w,f? a&SŒoGm;oifw h hJ vrf;a=umif;awG csjy&w,f? aemufawmh ql[mwku d , dk w f idk u f ol@uufbed ufrmS bmuavjyefynm&Sit f yk pf u k dk b¾ma&;0ef}uD;/ ukefoG,fa&;0ef}uD;/ pD;yGm;a&;t}uHay;/ tar&duefoHtrwfpwmawG cef@xm;vkduf ygw,f? bmuavrmzD;,m;tkyfpku tkdif'Dtkdavmf*sDykdif;ukd t&rf;E_duf avhvmcJhol rsm; r[kwfyg? 'ga=umifh tpGef;a&muf yÉdyuQawGeJ@ EkdifiHawmfykefuefvkdpdwfawG t±Sdef owfEkdifcJh+yD; vufawG@tvkyfjzpfr,fh vrf;a=umif;qD av#mufEkdifcJh=uw,fvkd@ qkdygw,f? 0g'a&;&mawGtwGuf tcsed u f ek cf rH aetm;? aps;uGut f &if;&Sipf epfudk olw@dk avhvmawmh tpkd;&0ifrpGufzufa&;qkdwJh oabmw&m; olwkd@jrif=u&w,f? okd@ayr,fh tif'kdeD;&Sm; jynfwiG ;f pD;yGm;a&; pDrcH ef@c&JG mrSm tpk;d &u¾ ta&;}uD;w,fv@dk olw@dk ,k=H unfxm;w,f? bmuavjyeftkyfpku EkdifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr‡KyfESHolawGtay: tvGefoabm oum, aumif;aewmawmh r[kwyf g? tar&dueforwepfqifajymzl;wJh “ta&SŒawmif tm&S t}uD;rm;qkH; owWKwGif;eJ@ a&eHokduf&Sd&m tif'kdeD;&Sm;”ukd rkdif;wl;/ a&eHpkyfcsifol awGu irf;irf;wuf? &if;ESD;jr‡KyfESHr_qkdif&mOya'awG taocsmjyXmef;+yD;rSom EkdifiHjcm;ukr`%DawGukd 0ifcGifhðyygw,f? trsKd;om;t&if;&SifawGtwGuf tumtuG,fay;xm;ygw,f? a=u;eD/ eDu,f/ opfrm/ &mbm/ a&eHapwJh tif'edk ;D &Sm;&JŒ obm0"eawGudk urBmah &eHurk % ` aD wGe@J 55
tvif;&eH@ *sme,f
trSwf(4)? atmufwdkbmv 2009 ckeSpf
rkdif;ukr`%D}uD;awG=um; Oya'eJ@tnD cGJa0vkyfukdifcGifhðyygw,f? okd@aomf wbufrSm ql[mwkdu ykefuefxºuGr,fholukd wifóudvufOD;r_,l+yD; zdESdyfygw,f? ºuGr,fhvlawGukd OD;ESdrfcsKd;ypfwm[m tcif;t}uD;tus,fjzpfrvmatmif umuG,fwm;qD;enf;yJvkd@ oabmykduf+yD; &uf&ufpufpufygyJ? ol@ESdyfuGyfr_u t=uif emrJh a=umufp&maumif;vGef;vkd@ b,folrS ql[mwkdeJ@ ol@vufr±GHŒom;awGukd armf r=unfh0Hhygbl;? tif'kdeD;&Sm;armf',fu &uf&ufpufpuf okwfoifzdESdyfxm;&if; aps;uGuf wHcg;ukdzGifhwmyg? tqkd;xJuae cspfp&maumif;wJh oifcef;pmwpfck &Ekdifygw,f? tm%m&Sif ql[mwkdeJ@ bmuavrmzD;,m;t=um; yl;wGJtvkyfvkyfEkdifr_yJ? &vm'fu tpkd;& opfxJrSm ynmwwf technocratic awG &mxl;&vm+yD;/ ‘om;owform;ql[mwkd’ukd urBmhZmwfckHay:rSm vl&m0ifqef@atmif ajymif;vJay;Ekdifjcif;ygyJ? tm%modrf;r_u rsufuef;rsKd;cspfxufausmfvGef+yD; a&SŒvmr,fh tajymif;tvJrsm;twGuf taxmuftyHh vkd@yif qkd&avrvm;? ql[mwk&d ŒJ wufuEkcd &uftpk;d &opfu tif'edk ;D &Sm;ukd urBmrh mvfwaD e&Sief ,f ywf0ef;usifxJ pD;aysmf0ifapEkdifcJhygw,f? pifumyl0g&ifh acgif;aqmif}uD; vDuGrf,luawmh ol@rdwfaqG}uD; ql[mwkdta=umif;ukd t+rJav;av;pm;pm; ajymygw,f? vD eJ@ ql[mwkd [m uGefjrLepfukd wl;wl;cg;cg; rkef;wmcsif;wlorkd@ tmpD,Htoif;}uD;ukd uGefjrLepfwap> &efu umuG,fzkd@ xlaxmifcJh=uygw,f? vDajymwmu “ql[mwkd[m wu,fht&nftcsif;&SdwJh vl±kd;vlaumif;}uD;? ol@tm;enf;csufu om;orD;awGukd tvkdvkdufvGef;+yD; om;orD;raumif; zatacgif; qkdovkd ig;yg;arSmufoGm;cJh&w,f? aqGrsKd;nmwum aumif;pm;a&;0g'ajrmif;xJ xkd; pkdufqif;oGm;w,f”vkd@ qkdygw,f? ql[mwkd wkd@jzwfoef;aewJh ppfat;acwf tar&duefay:vpDwpfckuvnf; rSwfom;p&myg? orwepfqifwkd@/ *|efqifwkd@&JŒ aemufuG,fpum;u ‘acG;rom;awmh acG;rom; igwkd@acG;rom;’ ygwJh? (He may be a son of a bitch, but our son of a bitch)? ql[mwkd/ yDEkdacs;/ rm;ukd@pf/ q'rf[lpdefwkd@[m uGefjrLepfukd &Sif;ay;r,fh tar&d u ef a cG ; rom;awG y gyJ ? csD v D / b&mZD ; / bk d v D A D ; ,m;/ tm*sif w D ; em;wk d @ rS m om;owform;tm%m&SifawGu twkduftcHukd tjrpfðzwf&if; aps;uGuft&if;&Sif xlaxmif=uykHu tHzG,fwpfyg;yg? 'ga=umifh ql[mwkd&JŒ tif'kdeD;&Sm;[m ajymprSwfðyp&m armf',fwpfckvkd jzpf oGm;ygw,f? pDtkdifattygt0if óud;ukdifwJh t=uifemrJh tpkvkduftòyHvkduf owfjzwfr_ eJ@ aps;uGuzf iG w hf phJ epf? vuf,mtm%m&Siu f dk a¹r‡mufay;&if; wjznf;jznf;csi;f t&if;&Sif 56
trSwf(4)? atmufwdkbmv 2009 ckeSpf
tvif;&eH@ *sme,f
pepf a&mufatmifoGm;wJhpepf? csDvDu yDEkdacs; uGefjrLepftvGefrkef;+yD; tar&duef pD;yGm;a&;ynm&SifawGeJ@ vkH;cJhwmrsKd;yg? b,fvkdyJjzpfjzpf ql[mwkdwkd@/ yDEkdacs;wkd@ 'kuQywfvnf0kdif;+yD; tm%mu qif;oGm;cJh&+yD;wJhaemuf/ ,ae@ olwkd@ukd qufcHolawGvufatmufrSm EkdifiHawG tawmf ukd ‘vef;’ aeyg+yD? orw,m'f[, dk Edk &dk ŒJ tif'edk ;D &Sm;[m ta&SŒawmiftm&SrmS 'Dru dk a&pD pef;yGifhaeorkd@ vl±kdao&Sif±kdaoygyJ? tif'kdeD;&Sm;armf',ftwGuf twkduftcHawGukd ESdyfuGyfowfjzwfr_u ppfat; acwfrSm jzpfygw,f? tck (21)&mpkrSm aps;uGuft&if;&SifpepfeJ@ 'Drkdua&pDoGm;zkd@ tJ'Dvkd owfjzwfzkd@ vkdtyfygovm;? jzpfaumjzpfEkdifygŒrvm;? aemuf&&SdwJh oifcef;pmwpfcku tar&dueftpkd;&rsm;[m olwkd@tusKd;pD;yGm;twGufqkd tm%m&Sifrsm;eJ@ tcsdefra±G; vuf0g;±kdufzkd@tqifoifh/ vkdtyf&if olwkd@ukd opPmcHolukdawmif xkd;au|;okwfoifypfzkd@ toifhygyJcifAsm;?
&JE, G rf ;dk Ref:
The Shock Doctrine by Naomi Klein Free to choose by Milton Friedman
ÐÐÐÐÐ
tvif;&eHŒ*sme,foŒkd 'Dru kd a&pDavhvma&;/ Edik if w H nfaqmufa&;qdik &f mavhvma&;ESihf ywfoufaom pmrlrsm;udk atmufyg vdypf mtwdik ;f pmwdu k rf w S qifah omfvnf;aumif;/ tD;ar;vfjzifah omfvnf;aumif; ay;ydŒk Edik yf gonf? ay;ydŒk &mwGif pma&;ol. trnf&if;ESihf qufo, G &f ef vdypf mtjynft h pHu k kd wygwnf; xnfo h iG ;f ay;apvdyk gonf? wm0efcHt,f'Dwm P.O Box (294), CMU P.O, Chiang Mai 50202, Thailand E-mail:
57