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*vdb k ,fvu kd af Z;&Si;f ukd pdyjf zm-unfjh cif; 0if;jrifah rmif 1980 rwkdifrDuyif urBmvkH;csDjzpfwnfr_ESifhywfoufaom “urBmjyef@jzpfpOf” tkid 'f , D mrsm;ukad jymqkrd r_ sm; us,u f s,jf yef@jyef@jzpfvmcJo h nf? ynm&yfe,fy,fomru/ pme,fZif;avmu/ Ekid if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;e,fy,f/ tEkynmtokid ;f t0kid ;f ESihf a=umfjimwk@d wiG f wef;0ifpum;&yf jzpfvmcJhonf? t*Fvdyfbmompum;tokH;ESifhtwl w¶kwf/ tDwvD/ ¶k¶Sm;/ b*F gvD ponfh bmompum;wkd@jzifh tòydifay:vmcJhonf? “urBmjyef@aps;uGuf”/ urBmjyef@qufoG,fa&;/ urBmjyef@uGefz&ifh/ urBmjyef@ +cdrf;ajcmufr_ ponfh ponfh pum;&yfrsm; wGifus,fvmonf? 20 &mpk aESmif;ykdif;wGifrl urBmjyef@tkyfcsKyfpDrHr_/ urBmjyef@0ef;usiftajymif;tvJ/ urBmjyef@usm;-rqufqHa&;/ urBmjyef@EkdifiHa&;abm*aA' ponfh pum;&yfrsm;tay: 20 &mpkaESmif;ykdif;umvwGif ynm&Sirf sm; ykI d aqG;aEG;ajymqkv d m=uonf? ajym&v#if 1980 rwkid rf D urBmjyef@rj_ zpfpOf tkdif'D,mwkd@ jzef@usufae+yD[kqkd&ygrnf? okd@aomf 1960 vGefESpfrsm;uwnf;u urBmjyef@jzpfpOf. ta&;ygaom tajymif;tvJjzpfvm+yD; urBmjyef@jzpfpOfpum;onfyg ¶kyfvkH;ºuGvmcJhonf? yx0De,fedrdwf tqufrsm; jywfawmuf+yD; azgufxGufvmonfh vlr_qufqH a&;b0onf jzpfpOfwpfckukdjzwfoef;&if; ae&mwpfckwnf;twGif; qufqHwkef@jyefvm onfh vlom;b0rsm; jzpfvm=uonf? urBmjyef@jzpfpOfonf (yx0De,fedrdwfrsm; aysmufum) ae&mwpfckwnf;twGif; qufpyfwnf¶Sdaom vlr_b0rsdK;ukd zefwD;vkduf onf? ‚if;t,ltqukd ynm&SiftrsKd;rsKd;u ukd,fykdifpum;vkH;wkd@jzifh jc,fr_ef;jy=uonf? *vdkb,fvdkufaZ;&Sif; Globalization pum;&yfrokH;rD xifxif¶Sm;¶Sm; okH;cJh aom pum;vkH;rSm tifwme,fvdkufaZ;&Sif; Internationalization jzpfonf? wpfjynf ESifhwpfjynf trSDo[Jðy+yD; e,fpyfjzwfausmfI tjyeftvSefxJxJ0if0if qufqHa&;ukd qkdygonf? e,fedrdwf jcm;em;aeonfh=um;u eufeuf±_dif;±_dif; EG,f,Sufaeonfh qufqHa&;b0ukd xlaxmifjcif;jzpfonf? 4

trSw( f 2)? azaz:0g7Dv 2009 ckep S f

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ckawmh urBm}uD;wGif wkdif;jynfwpfck. wnfae&mESifh EkdifiHtcsif;csif;t=um; e,fedrdwfpnf;wkd@onf vlr_b0qufqHa&;Y t"duae&mwGif r&Sdawmh? E_dif;,SOfcsuft& qd&k v#if urBm}uD;wGif e,fpnf;rJv h rl b _ 0jzpfpOfonf t&Sed jf zifh qufwu dk af jymif;vJvsuf &Sdonf? urBmjyef@jzpfpOfrSm “e,fpnf;aysmufuGef,uf urBmjyef@ vlaer_taqmuf ttkH” jzpf+yD;/ tjynfjynfqkdif&m vlr_&yf0ef;rSm e,fpnf;jcm;xm;aom wkdif;jynfrsm;. ‘pyfxnf’ 'DZkdif;jzpfonf? tjynfjynfqkdif&mtquftpyfjzifh ukefpnfwpfckukd ta&mif;t0,fvkyf&if; um,uH&SifESpfOD;t=um; vkHavmufaom tcsdefwpfck,l&+yD; tuGmta0; twkdif;twmwpfckukd tcsdef,l jzwf&rnfjzpfonf? urBmjyef@qufoG,f a&;url (ò*dvfwkqufoG,fa&;pepfa=umifh) tuGmta0;twm;tqD; ðywfxGufoGm;+yD; “umv” abmifaysmufoGm;um “csufcsif;” jzpfvmonf? e,fpnf;aysmuf O'[kdayguf oGm;vmEkdifonfh *k%fowWday:vmonf? okd@aomf tjynfjynfqkdif&mqufqHa&;b0ESifh urBmjyef@jzpfpOfwkd@onf ,SOfwGJ aeEkdifonf? acwfòydifurBm}uD;ukd,fwdkifuyif xkdqufqHa&;b0 ESpfckvkH;ukd ukd,fpm;ðy xm;onf?

urBmjyef@jzpfpOf. xl;jcm;csuf qufoG,fa&;u¾tm;jzifh - uGefysLwmuGef,ufrsm; tDvufx¶Gef;epfokH; vlxkrD'D,m/ w,fvDzkef;qufoG,fa&;pepfwkd@ }uD;xGm;vm&mu urBmjyef@jzpfpOf jzpfay:vm&jcif; jzpfonf? enf;ynmwkd;wufr_a=umifh/ a'o/ e,fpnf;ykdif;jcm; eH&Hòydus+yD;/ wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; csufcsif;qufoG,fvmEkdifonf? tzGJ@tpnf;qkdif&mudpPrSm - e,fjcm;rJh tifwmeufuGef,ufrsm;rSwqifh pDrHxdef;ausmif;vkyfief; at*sifpD/ toif;tzGJ@ukr`%Dwkd@ tcsif;csif; qufoG,f aqmif¶Gufvmonf? vkyfief;}uD;xGm;us,fjyef@vmjcif;rSwqifh urBmjyef@jzpfpOfu wkef@jyefqufqHa&;cGif csJŒvmonf? }uD;xGm;vmonfh aumfykda&;&Sif;rsm;/ toif;tzGJ@ rsm;u urBmwpfckvkH;ukd usifvnfusufpm;&mtjzpf v_yf&Sm;vm+yD;/ vlom;tm;vkH;ukd trSeftuefpm;okH;ol (okd@) tvm;tvm&Sdaom pm;okH;oltjzpf rSwf,lum qGJaqmif odrf;oGif;vmonf? a*[pepft& - wurBmvkH;twkdif;wmESifh Owk&moDajymif;vJjcif; (urBmw0Srf; tyl&Sdefjrifhwufvmjcif;/ tkdZkH;v$maygufjyJvmjcif;/ ZD0rsKd;uGJrsm; rsdK;yGm;r_ 5

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trSw( f 2)? azaz:0g7Dv 2009 ckep S f

usqif;vmjcif; ponfh) tjzpftysufrsm;u urBm&yf0ef;wpfckvkH;ukd wpfqufwnf; usa&mufaeonf? oD;jcm;uGufI usa&mufonf[lI r&Sdawmhay? ypPnf;xkwfvkyf&mwGifvnf; - wpfEkdifiHwnf; wpfae&mwnf;u ypPnf; wpfckukd tptqkH; rxkwfawmh/ tpdwftykdif;vkduf urBmwcGif jzef@=uufaeonfh puf¶kH rsm;wGif jzef@cGJ xkwfvkyfvmonf? armfawmfum;/ tao;pm;tDvufx¶Gef;epfypPnf; xkwfvkyf&mwGif XmecGJtvkduf/ vkyfief;tqifhqifhtvkduf cGJum okawoeESifh zGH@òzd;a&;/ ukef=urf;tqifhqifhrS ukefacsmxkwfvkyfjcif;/ tpdwftykdif;tvkdufypPnf;rsm;ukd jyifqif xkwfvkyfjcif;/ tpdwftykdif;tvkdufrS wpfckvkH;jzpfatmifwyfqifjcif;/ tacsmowf vkyfukdifjcif;/ t&nftaoG;pHxdef;jcif; ponfhXmersm;ukd jynfyEkdifiHrsm;wGif cGJxkwf vkyfukdifjcif;/ EkdifiHtrsm;tjym;wGif vkyfief;cGJvkyfukdifcsdwfquf+yD; um;wpfpD;tjynfhtpkH xkwfvkyfa&;vkyfief;pOfukd jzef@usuf xkwfvkyfvmonf? wpfòydifeufwnf;wGif aiGa=u;ESifhb¾ma&;Y urBmtESHtjym; pawmhESifh bGef; aps;uGufrsm;ay:vmum (24)em&D vnfywfvsuf&Sdonf? taºuG;u'fukd urBmwcGif okH;cGifhðyvmjcif;/ a':vm/ ,ef;/ ,l&SdaiG ponfwkd@ urBmokH;aiGjzpfvmjcif; wkd@onf urBmjyef@jzpfpOf. vuQ%m&yfrsm;jzpfonf? ppfa&;wGifvnf; wkdufcsif;ypf'kH;ysHrsm;/ olv#dò*dvfwkrsm;rSm urBmvkH;csD ppfr[mAsL[mvuQ%m aqmifvmonf? 1990 - 91 tD&wfESifh ul0dwf ppfyGJa=umihf yifv,fauG@ppfyGJwkduf&mY - ò*dvfwkrS tm¶kHcHpepfjzifh owif;&,ljcif;/ toHxufjref av,mOfokH; AkH;}uJwkdufckdufr_/ a¶S@wef;ppfqifa&;twGuf aiGa=u;axmufyHh&mwGif uGefysLwm tDvufx¶Gef;epfpepfokH;I xkwfay;jcif;/ urBmjyef@vlxkrD'D,mokH;I 0g'jzef@jcif;/ urBmjyef@jzpfpOfyg !Gef@aygif;tzGJ@zGJ@um buf*'uftpkd;&ukd qef@usif+yD; urBmjyef@tkyfcsKyfr_ at*sifpD (UN) rSwpfqifh Oya'abmif0ifatmifvkyfjcif;wkd@onf urBmjyef@jzpfpOfvuQ%m&yfrsm; jzpfonf? wavmuvkH;qkdif&m vl@tcGifhta&;rsm;/ enf;ynm ‘pH’ rsm; tygt0if b0pHE_ef;rsm;ukd urBmjyef@jzpfpOfu pkpnf;ykHaz:ay;onf? tqufrjywfwkd;yGm;vmaom pnf;urf;Oya'rsm;u wpfEkdifiHcsif; tuef@towfvuQ%mxuf/ e,fedrdwfpnf;rsm;ukd azmufxGufum tvkH;pkHoabmaqmifvmonf? 21 &mpk vlom;rsm;. awG;ac:ykH ajymif;vmonf? (,cifrsK;d qufu r&Scd ahJ om) e,fjcm;uef@owfxm;aom urBmtjzpf rjrifawmhyJ/ wqufwpyfwnf; ul;vl;qufqH wkef@jyefae&onfh vlr_b0tjzpf ¶_jrif wkef@jyefvmonf? a'otuGmta0; usKH@oGm;+yD;/ 6

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trSw( f 2)? azaz:0g7Dv 2009 ckep S f

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8

trSw( f 2)? azaz:0g7Dv 2009 ckep S f

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The Globalization of World Politics By John Baylis & Steve Smith

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