مدخل للمحادثات الانجليزية

‫المدخل إلى المحادثة النكليزية‬ ‫‪Introduction to English Conversation‬‬ ‫الباب الول ‪Section One‬‬ ‫ترجمة وإعداد ‪ /‬قحطـان فؤاد الخطيب‬

‫تبنى المحادثة النكليزية على عنصرين وهما‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫) السؤال ‪ (Question‬و ) الجواب ‪(Answer‬‬ ‫ولكي ن ُ ّ‬ ‫كون سؤال نتبع إحدى الطريقتين‬ ‫التاليتين ‪:‬‬ ‫)أ( تكوين سؤال باستعمال أحد الفعال المساعدة ‪Helping) .‬‬ ‫‪(Verbs‬‬ ‫)ب( استعمال إحدى الكلمات الستفهامية ‪(Question Words) .‬‬ ‫)أ( تكوين سؤال باستعمال أحد الفعال المساعدة التالية ‪:‬‬ ‫ملحظة ‪ -:‬إذا بدأت الجملة بأحد هذه الفعال المساعدة يكون الجواب‬ ‫إما مثبتا أو منفيا حسب أصل الجملة ‪ .‬نبدأ بـ )‪ (,Yes‬إذا كان الجواب‬ ‫مثبتا ثم ضمير الفاعل ثم نفس الفعل المساعد ‪ .‬كما نبدأ بـ )‪ (,No‬إذا‬ ‫كان الجواب منفيا ثم ضمير الفاعل ثم نفس الفعل المساعد في حالة‬ ‫النفي المختصر ‪.‬‬

‫‪couldn’t‬‬ ‫‪wouldn’t‬‬ ‫‪shouldn’t‬‬ ‫‪might not‬‬

‫‪ : is, am, are, was, were‬أفعال الكينونة ‪a. Verb to Be‬‬ ‫‪ : has, have, had‬أفعال التملك ‪b. Verb to Have‬‬ ‫‪ : do, does, did‬أفعال العمل ‪c. Verb to Do‬‬ ‫الفعال الناقصة ‪d. Defective Verbs‬‬ ‫‪can‬‬ ‫‪could‬‬ ‫‪can’t‬‬ ‫‪will‬‬ ‫‪would‬‬ ‫‪won’t‬‬ ‫‪shall‬‬ ‫‪should‬‬ ‫‪shan’t‬‬ ‫‪may‬‬ ‫‪might‬‬ ‫‪may not‬‬ ‫‪ought to‬‬ ‫‪oughtn’t to‬‬ ‫‪need‬‬ ‫‪needn’t‬‬

‫واليك أمثلة حول تكوين السئلة المبدوءة بفعل مساعد مع‬ ‫الجابة عنها‪:‬‬ ‫? ‪1-Mrs. Arthur is a clever teacher . Is Mrs. Arthur a clever teacher‬‬ ‫‪-Yes, she is.‬‬ ‫? ‪2-I am reading English now. Are you reading English now‬‬ ‫‪-Yes, I am.‬‬ ‫? ‪3-Mary is very beautiful . Is Mary very beautiful‬‬ ‫‪-Yes, she is.‬‬ ‫? طموحا ‪ . Was Cliff ambitious‬طموحا ‪4-Cliff was ambitious‬‬ ‫‪-Yes, he was.‬‬ ‫? ‪5-The boys were not ill yesterday . Were the boys ill yesterday‬‬ ‫‪-No, they weren’t.‬‬ ‫الملحظات العامة ‪-:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬يتحول الضمير )أنت أو انتم ‪ (You‬إلى )أنا ‪ (I‬أو )نحن ‪ (We‬حسب‬ ‫سياق الجملة ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬أفعال الكينونة )‪ (Verb to Be‬الدالة على الزمن المضارع ‪Tense‬‬ ‫‪ Present‬هي ‪ (is, am, are) :‬وأفعال الكينونة الدالة على الزمن الماضي‬ ‫‪ Tense Past‬هي ‪) :‬للجمع ‪ were‬للمفرد ‪ . (was‬مع الضمير )‪ (I‬نحتاج إلى‬ ‫)‪ (am‬في الزمن المضارع ‪.‬‬ ‫? ‪6-Tom has just eaten the food . Has Tom just eaten the food‬‬ ‫‪-Yes, he has.‬‬ ‫‪7-Daivid and his brother have studied English well already .‬‬ ‫? ‪-Have David and his brother studied English well already‬‬ ‫‪Yes, they have.‬‬ ‫‪ it .‬زيارتنا ‪ before we visited‬الصحراء ‪8-It had not rained in the desert‬‬ ‫‪-Had it rained in the desert before we visited it ? -No, it hadn’t.‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬لحظنا بأن أفعال التملك المساعدة التالية )‪ (has, have, had‬احتاجت‬ ‫إلى فعل رئيسي لكي يكتمل معناها ‪ .‬وهذا الزمن يدعى بـ‬ ‫)الزمن المضارع التام ‪(Present Perfect Tense‬الذي يدل على‬ ‫الماضي القريب‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬يأتي الزمن المضارع التام مع كلمات معينة مثل ‪:‬‬ ‫‪2-already‬‬ ‫منذ ‪3-since‬‬ ‫لمدة ‪4-for‬‬ ‫لحد ‪5-yet‬‬ ‫قبل الن‬ ‫الن‬ ‫‪7-recently‬‬ ‫أبدا ‪8-ever‬‬ ‫مطلقا ‪9-never‬‬ ‫حديثا‬

‫توا ‪1-just‬‬ ‫‪6-lately‬‬ ‫في الونة‬ ‫الخيرة‬

‫‪ -5‬يستعمل الفعل المساعد )‪ (had‬مع التصريف الثالث للفعل للدللة‬ ‫على زمن حدث في الماضي البعيد ‪ .‬ول يأتي لوحده بل يحتاج إلى زمن‬ ‫آخر هو الماضي البسيط ‪ .‬والروابط التي تأتي معه هي ‪) :‬بعد ‪( after‬‬ ‫)قبل ‪) (before‬عندما ‪. (when‬‬ ‫‪ -6‬إذا كانت الجملة خالية من فعل مساعد نلجأ إلى أفعال العمل )‪Verb‬‬ ‫‪ . (to Do‬إذا كان الفعل في أصل الجملة خاليا من )‪ (s‬الشخص الثالث‬ ‫المفرد الغائب أو خاليا من )‪ (ed‬نستعمل )هل ‪ . (Do‬إذا كان الفعل في‬ ‫أصل الجملة منتهيا بـ )‪ (s‬الشخص الثالث المفرد الغائب أو )‪ (es‬نستعمل‬ ‫)هل ‪ (Does‬مع حذف )‪ (es‬أو )‪ (s‬الشخص الثالث المفرد الغائب ‪ .‬إذا كان‬ ‫الفعل في أصل الجملة في الزمن الماضي المعروف من النهاية )‪ (ed‬أو‬ ‫كان شاذا نستعمل )هل ‪ (Did‬مع إرجاع الفعل إلى صيغة المصدر المجرد‬ ‫من الزيادة ‪ .‬مثل ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ every month .‬مرضاه ‪ his patients‬يساعد ‪9-Dr. Nelson helps‬‬ ‫‪-Does Dr. Nelson help his patients every month ? -Yes, he does.‬‬ ‫‪ .‬بصورة جيدة ‪10-Engineer Tom and engineer Martin speak English well‬‬ ‫?‪ English well‬يتكلمان ‪-Do engineer Tom and engineer Martin speak‬‬ ‫‪-Yes, they do.‬‬ ‫? ‪ . Did it rain last night‬الليلة ‪ night‬الماضية ‪11-It did not rain last‬‬ ‫‪-No, it didn’t‬‬ ‫‪ very well .‬كرة القدم ‪ football‬يلعب ‪12-Mr. Black can play‬‬ ‫‪-Can Mr. Black play football very well ? -Yes, he can.‬‬ ‫‪13-Dr. Philip could not come to the lecture because he was very busy .‬‬ ‫‪ Dr. Philip come to the lecture ? -No, he couldn’t.‬هل استطاع ‪-Could‬‬ ‫ملحظة ‪ :‬مع الضميرين )‪ (I‬و)‪ (we‬نستعمل )‪ (shall‬أو )‪ (shan’t‬ومع البقية نستعمل )‬

(won’t) ‫( أو‬will

14-The doctor will ‫ سوف‬not go to hospital ‫ المستشفى‬tomorrow morning. -Will the doctor go to hospital tomorrow morning ? -No, he won’t. 15-We shall ‫ سوف‬not study ‫ ندرس‬English next ‫ القادم‬month ‫ الشهر‬. -Shall we study English next month ? -No, we shan’t.

Exercise (1): Make questions and then answer them : 16-He must ‫ يجب عليه‬help ‫ مساعدة‬the baby . Must ..................................................... ? .................................... 17-Jane ought to study ‫ تدرس‬day and night . Ought ....................................... ? ...................................................... 18-The examination ‫ المتحان‬will not be ‫ يكون‬difficult. Will .......................................... ? .................................................. 19-Spring ‫ الربيع‬is good in Sweden ‫ السويد‬. Is ................................................. ? .................................... 20-Gold ‫ الذهب‬was very common ‫ شائعا‬in the past ‫ الماضي‬. Was .................................... ? ................................................. 21-The market ‫ السوق‬does not ‫ ل‬sell ‫ يبيع‬good ‫ جيدة‬carpets . Does .................................... ? ................................................ : ‫)ب( استعمال إحدى الكلمات الستفهامية التالية‬ 1-How 7-How much 13-Where 2-How deep 8-How often 14-Which 3-How far 9-How tall 15-Who 4-How high 10-How wide 16-Whom 5-How long 11-What 17-Whose 6-How many 12-When 18-Why ‫ وتكون دللتها‬. ‫( وتسأل عن الواسطة أو الصحة‬How ‫ )كيف‬-1 : ‫( مثل‬with ‫( أو )مع‬by ‫)بواسطة‬ 1-Susan comes to school ‫ المدرسة‬by ‫ بواسطة‬car ‫ السيارة‬. -How ‫ كيف‬does Susan come to school ? ‫ وتكون دللتها‬. ‫( وتسأل عن عمق الشيء‬How deep ‫ )كم عمق‬-2 : ‫ مثل‬. ‫أرقاما قياسية بالمتار أو السنتيمترات أو الياردات أو القدام‬ 2-This well ‫ البئر‬is fifty meters deep ‫ عمقا‬. -How deep ‫ كم عمق‬is this well ? ‫ وتكون دللتها‬. ‫( وتسأل عن بعد الشيء أو المكان‬How far ‫ )كم بعد‬-3 : ‫ مثل‬. ‫أرقاما قياسية بالمتار أو السنتيمترات أو الياردات أو القدام‬ 3-The city is 400 kilometers from the capital. -How far ‫ كم بعد‬is the city from the capital ‫? العاصمة‬ ‫ وتكون دللتها‬. ‫( وتسأل عن ارتفاع الشيء‬How high ‫ )كم ارتفاع‬-4 : ‫ مثل‬. ‫أرقاما قياسية بالمتار أو السنتيمترات أو الياردات أو القدام‬ 4-This mountain ‫ الجبل‬is seventy meters high ‫ ارتفاعا‬. -How high ‫ كم ارتفاع‬is this mountain ? ‫( وتسأل عن طول المسافة وتكون دللتها‬How long ‫ )كم طول‬-5 ‫أرقاما قياسية بالمتار أو السنتيمترات أو الياردات أو القدام أو‬

‫الكيلومترات كما تسأل عن طول الفترة الزمنية أو بداية الفترة الزمنية‬ : ‫مثل‬ 5-a. This street ‫ الشارع‬is fifty kilometers long ‫ طول‬. -How long ‫ كم طول‬is this street ? b. William has been studying English for six days . -How long ‫ كم طول‬has William been studying English ? c. Lawyer James has been ‫ كان‬in London since ‫ منذ‬May. -How long ‫ كم طول‬has lawyer James been in London ? .( ‫ الجمع‬s, a, an) ‫( ل يأتي‬since ‫ الجمع ( وبعد )منذ‬s, a, an) ‫( يأتي‬for ‫ بعد )لمدة‬: ‫ملحظة‬

‫( وتسأل عن العدد وتكون دللتها أرقاما متبوعة‬How many ‫ )كم عدد‬-6 : ‫ مثل‬. ‫( الجمع‬s) ‫بأسماء منتهية بـ‬ 6-There are ‫ يوجد‬seven days in a week . -How many ‫ كم عدد‬days are there in a week ? ‫( وتسأل عن الكميات وتكون دللتها كميات‬How much ‫ )كم كمية‬-7 : ‫ كما تعني )كم ثمن( مثل‬. ‫( الجمع‬s) ‫خالية من‬ 7-There is a lot of ‫ كمية كبيرة‬milk in the bottle ‫ القنينة‬. -How much ‫ كم كمية‬milk is there in the bottle ? ‫( وتسأل عن عدد المرات وتكون دللتها )مرة‬How often ‫ )كم مرة‬-8 : ‫ مثل‬. (three times ‫( )ثلث مرات‬twice ‫( )مرتان‬once ‫واحدة‬ 8-Pupils go to school six times ‫ مرات‬a week . -How often ‫ كم مرة‬do pupils go to school ? : ‫ مثل‬. ‫( وتسأل عن طول النسان‬How tall ‫ )كم طول‬-9 9-My brother is 165 centimeters tall ‫ طول‬. How tall ‫ كم طول‬is your brother ? ‫( وتسأل عن عرض الشياء وتكون دللتها‬How wide ‫ )كم عرض‬-10 : ‫ مثل‬. ‫أرقاما قياسية بالمتار أو السنتيمترات أو الياردات أو القدام‬ 10-This wall ‫ الجدار‬is forty centimeters wide. -How wide ‫ كم عرض‬is this wall ? ‫( أو‬Subject ‫( وتسأل عن الشيء الجامد )كفاعل‬What ‫ )ماذا‬-11 : ‫ مثل‬. (Object ‫)مفعول به‬ 11-a.Hunger ‫ الجوع‬made ‫ جعل‬the baby cry ‫ يبكي‬. -What made ‫ جعل‬the baby cry ‫? يبكي‬ b. I am studying ‫ ادرس‬English now . -What ‫ ماذا‬are you studying now ? : ‫ مثل‬. ‫( وتسأل عن الزمان‬When ‫ )متى‬-12 12-They should ‫ يجب عليهم أن‬sleep for eight hours ‫ ساعات‬every night . -When ‫ متى‬should they sleep ‫ يناموا‬for ‫ لمدة‬eight ‫ ثمان‬hours ‫? ساعات‬ ‫( وتسأل عن المكان الذي يعرف أحيانا من حروف‬Where ‫ )أين‬-13 : ‫ مثل‬. ‫الجر وما بعدها أو من ظروف المكان‬ 13-France lies ‫ تقع‬south ‫ جنوب‬of England . -Where ‫ أين‬does France lie ?

: ‫ مثل‬. ‫( وتسأل عن الختيار‬Which ‫ )أي‬-14 14- I like green color ‫ اللون‬. -Which color do you like ‫? تحب‬ : ‫ مثل‬. ‫( وتسأل عن النسان الفاعل‬Who ‫ )من للنسان‬-15 15-The teacher teaches ‫ يعلم‬the pupils ‫ الطلب‬. -Who ‫ من‬teaches ‫ يعلم‬the pupils ‫? الطلب‬ : ‫ مثل‬. (Whom ‫ )من للنسان في حالة المفعول به‬-16 16-The doctor treats ‫ يعالج‬his patients ‫ مرضاه‬in ‫ في‬hospital. -Whom ‫ من‬does the doctor treat in hospital ? : ‫ مثل‬. ‫( وتسأل عن التملك النسان أو الجماد‬Whose ‫ )لمن‬-17 17-This is Margaret’s book ‫ كتاب‬. -Whose ‫ من‬book ‫ كتاب‬is this ? ( because ‫( وتسأل عن السبب ودللتها الكلمات )بسبب‬Why ‫ )لماذا‬-18 : ‫ مثل‬. (to ‫( )لكي‬for ‫)لجل‬ 18-We go to cinema ‫ السينما‬to see the film . -Why do you go to cinema ?

Exercise (2): Make questions for these answers : 19-They will travel ‫ يسافرون‬to London next ‫ القادم‬summer ‫ الصيف‬. -When ............................................................................................... ? 20-He goes to theatre ‫ المسرح‬to see the play ‫ المسرحية‬. -Why ................................................................................................ ? 21-There are ‫ يوجد‬twelve months ‫ شهرا‬in a year ‫ السنة‬. -How many ....................................................................................... ? 22-This is Robert’s book ‫ كتاب‬. -Whose ............................................................................................. ? 23-This school ‫ المدرسة‬is one kilometer wide ‫ عرضا‬. -How wide ......................................................................................... ? 24-He didn’t come because he was very ‫ جدا‬ill ‫ مريضا‬. -Why ................................................................................................. ? 25-My name is Sue . -What .............................................................................................. ? 26-They will ‫ سوف‬need a little food . -How much ....................................................................................... ? 27-My friend goes to zoo twice a month ‫ في الشهر‬. -How often ....................................................................................... ? 28-They may give ‫ يعطون‬my brother a gift ‫ هدية‬. -Whom ............................................................................................ ?

Part One

‫الجزء الول‬ Exercises in English conversations ‫تمارين في المحادثة النكليزية‬ Exercise (3) : Answer , choose or complete these questions :1-What is your full ‫ الكامل‬name ?

-My full name is ............................................................................. . 2-Where are ‫ أين‬you from ? -I am from ....................................................................................... . 3-What is your religion ‫ ( ? دينك‬Choose ):-I am …………………… . (a. Moslem b. Christian c. Yazidi) 4-What are ‫ هل‬you ? ( Choose) :-I am ............................................ . (a. married b. bachelor c. divorced d. widower e. widow) 5-What is your passport ‫ جواز سفرك‬number ? -My passport number is: (Choose):a. ............................................. . b. I have no passport yet. c. I don’t know. d. It is mentioned ‫ مذكور‬on the passport. 6-a) When was it issued ‫? صدر‬ -It was issued on ........................................................................... . b) When ‫ متى‬will ‫ سوف‬it expire ‫? ينتهي‬ -It will ‫ سوف‬expire ‫ ينتهي‬on ........................................................... . c) Where was it issued ‫? صدر‬ -It was issued in ............................................................................. . 7-Where are you traveling ‫ ( ? مسافر‬Choose) :a. I don’t know yet b. I may travel abroad c. To the States d. To Dubai e. To Germany f. Home 8-Are you traveling ‫ مسافر‬by airplane , ship , bus or train ‫? القطار‬ -I may travel either by ship or by ................................... ‫بالطائرة‬. 9-How much does it cost from Jordan to New York by air in US $ ? -It approximately ‫ تقريبا‬costs ‫ تكلف‬...........................................US $ . 10-Did you go ‫ ذهبت‬on a trip ‫ رحلة‬to Paris ? ( Choose ) -Yes, I .............................................. (a. is b. was c. do d. did) 11-What is the telephone ‫ هاتف‬code ‫ مفتاح‬number ‫ رقم‬of ( Qatar )? -The telephone code ‫ مفتاح‬number of Qatar is …………….…… . 12-Mrs. Brown is very clever . .......................................... (‫ )وكذلك‬is her husband . ( Choose ):(a. Neither b. So c. But d. And) 13-a) Hello . Is Mr. David there ‫? موجود‬ -No, he ........................................................................................ . b) When will he be back ? -He will be back ........................................................................ . c) Can I leave ‫ اترك‬a message ‫ رسالة شفوية‬for him? -Yes, go ahead ‫ تفضل‬or …………………………………………. d) His line is engaged ‫ مشغول‬now . Can you call him later ? - a. I think so ‫ اعتقد ذلك‬or …………………………………. 14-a) Can I reserve ‫ حجز‬a single room in your hotel for two nights ? -Of course ‫ بالطبع‬you can . Or ………………………………… b) How much ‫ كم ثمن‬is the single room and the double room ? -The single ‫ بسرير واحد‬room ‫ غرفة‬is ten US $ a day but the .............................. is ............................. US $ with breakfast.

c) How much ‫ كم ثمن‬is it a night ‫ في الليلة‬full board ? -It is .............................................................. US $ with full board. d) Does it have ‫ هل الغرفة تملك‬a bath or a shower ?(Choose):1) It has a bath but not a ......................................................... . 2) It has neither a ‫ ل‬............................... nor a ‫ ول‬........................ . 15-Are the hotel ‫ الفندق‬guests ‫ نزلء‬local citizens or foreigners ‫? أجانب‬ -They are ...................................................................................... . 16-Is there a lift ‫ مصعد‬in this hotel ‫? الفندق‬ -Yes, there is one near the ……………………………….......... . 17-Where is the restaurant ‫ المطعم‬, please ‫? من فضلك‬ -It is in front of ‫ أمام‬the ............................................................... . 18-I want to cash this traveler’s check . Is the bank open ? (Choose) :(a. I think so b. I’m sorry today is a holiday c. Try ‫ حاول‬to ask the cashier d. Yes, there is) 19-How ‫ كيف‬is the weather ‫ الطقس‬today ? ( Choose) :-Today the weather is .............................................................. . (a. sunny ‫ مشمس‬b. windy ‫ عاصف‬c. cold d. hot e. moderate ‫)معتدل‬ 20-Is there ‫ يوجد‬a form ‫ استمارة‬to fill in ‫( ? املها‬Choose):-Yes, there is .............................. (a. one b. two c. three d. four) 21-Where is the customs ‫ الكمارك‬office ‫ دائرة‬, please ? -It is near ‫ بالقرب من‬the ................................................... office . 22-Do you have ‫ لديك‬anything ‫ أي شيء‬to declare ‫للحفظ فقط‬ ? ‫تصرح به‬ -Yes, I do. I have …………………………………………….. . a. 200 cigarettes ‫سيكارة‬ b. a bottle ‫ قنينة‬of perfume ‫عطور‬ c. my personal ‫ الشخصية‬camera d. a mobile ‫ نقال‬telephone ‫هاتف‬ e. a personal computer f. a gold ‫ ذهبية‬watch ‫ساعة‬ 23-Is there ‫ هناك‬any duty ‫ رسوم‬on them ‫( ? عليها‬Choose):-Yes, there ........................................ (a. is b. are c. was d. were) 24-Is smoking allowed ‫ مسموح‬here or is it forbidden ‫? ممنوع‬ -I think ‫ اعتقد‬it is ............................................................................. . 25-Where is the waiting ‫ النتظار‬room ? -It is opposite ‫ مقابل‬the ........................................................... room. 26-Where is ‫ أين‬the luggage ‫ المتعة‬room ? - .............................................................. behind ‫ وراء‬the cafeteria . 27-Is there any time table ‫ جدول‬for the train ‫? للقطار‬ - Yes, ............................................................................................. . 28-Where is the reservation ‫ الحجز‬office ? -It is beside ‫ بجانب‬the customs ‫ دائرة‬........................................ ‫ الكمارك‬. 29-Have you got ‫ لديك‬your tickets ‫? تذاكرك‬ -I’m sorry . I’ve lost .......................................................... ‫ ضيعتها‬. 30-Is ‫ هل‬the ticket ‫ التذاكر‬tester ‫ فاحص‬coming ‫? قادم‬ -Yes, ................................................. is coming. 31-Where is ‫ أين‬the railway ‫ محطة‬................................. ‫ القطار‬, please ?

-It is on the second ‫ الثانية‬turning ‫ الستدارة‬. 32-How do you want your ticket ‫ تذكرتك‬: one wayor round trip ‫جع‬ ّ ‫? مر‬ -It is up to you . Either ‫ إما‬one way or ............................... . 33-Is the trip ‫ السفرة‬a direct ‫ مباشر‬way from Syria to Canada ? -Yes, it ............................................................................. . 34-What ‫ ماذا‬are there ‫ يوجد‬in your suitcase ‫? حقيبة سفرك‬ -There are : ‫للحفظ فقط‬ (a) two suits ‫بدلتان‬ (h) one hair ‫ شعر‬brush ‫فرشاة‬ (b) one over coat ‫معطف‬ (i) one tooth-paste ‫معجون أسنان‬ (c) two shirts ‫قمصان ذو أكمام‬ (j) one small ‫ صغيرة‬knife ‫سكين‬ (d) one T-shirt ‫قمصان ذو أكمام‬ (k) one towel ‫منشفة‬ (e) four ties ‫أربطة عنق‬ (L) three handkerchiefs ‫مناديل‬ (f) six pairs ‫ أزواج‬of socks (m) a mirror and a razor . (g) one belt ‫حزام‬ (n) a mobile 35-What is ‫ ما هو‬your threefold ‫ الثلثي‬name ‫? اسمك‬ -My threefold ‫ الثلثي‬name is ............................................................. . 36-How old are you ‫? كم عمرك‬ -I am ........................................................................ years old ‫ عمري‬. 37-Where ‫ أين‬do you live ‫? تعيش‬ -I live ‫ أعيش‬in ................................................................................ . 38-What is ‫ ما هو‬today ? -Today is ......................................................................................... . 39-What ‫ ماذا‬was yesterday ‫? البارحة‬ -Yesterday was ................................................................................ . 40-What will tomorrow be ‫? سيكون‬ -Tomorrow will be ............................................................................ . 41-How many ‫ كم عدد‬days are there ‫ توجد‬in a week ? -There are .................................................................... days in a week. 42-Is summer ‫ الصيف‬cold or hot ? -Summer is ......................................................................................... . 43-Does ‫ هل‬Friday come ‫ يأتي‬before or after Saturday ? -Friday comes .................................................................................... . 44-What ‫ كم‬time is it now ? -It is ................................................................................................. . 45-How many ‫ كم عدد‬brothers do you have ‫? تملك‬ -I have ............................................................................................. . 46-How tall are you ‫? كم طولك‬ -I am ..................................................................... centimeters tall. 47-How much do you weigh ‫? كم تزن‬ -I weigh ‫ أزن‬............................................. kilograms . -I weigh ............................................. pounds ‫ رطل‬.

48-What ‫ ما‬color is your hair ‫? شعرك‬ - My hair is ........................... color . 49-What color is your eyes ‫? عينيك‬ - My eyes is ............................................. color . 50-How ‫ كيف‬do you come ‫ تأتي‬to your office ‫? دائرتك‬ -I come to my office ............................................ . 51-How many months are there ‫ يوجد‬in a year ? -There are .................................. months in a year. 52-Which ‫ أي‬day of the week is a holiday ‫ عطلة‬in your country ? -......................................... is a holiday in my country. 53-How many months are there in spring ‫ ? الربيع‬What are they ? -There are ..................... months in spring. They are ......................... . 54-How many ‫ كم عدد‬days does June ‫ حزيران‬have ‫? يملك‬ -June has ........................................................ days . 55-Is May ‫ شهر أيار‬hot or cold in Sweden ? - l think May is ................................................... in Sweden. 56-Are you interested in watching TV ? -.............................................................................. . 57-What is ‫ ما هي‬your favorite ‫ المفضلة‬hobby ‫? هوايتك‬ -My favorite hobby is ................................................... . 58-What ‫ ماذا‬would you like ‫ تفضل‬to be in the future ‫? المستقبل‬ -I would like to be a ................................................... . 59-Is ‫ هل‬Algeria in Asia ‫ آسيا‬or in Africa ‫? أفريقيا‬ - Algeria is in ................................................... . 60-What does ‫ ماذا‬Italy export ‫? يصدر‬ - l think Italy exports ...................... and ........................................... . 61-When ‫ متى‬do people wear ‫ يرتدون‬thin ‫ رقيقة‬clothes ‫? ملبس‬ -People wear thin clothes in ................................................... . 62-What does ‫ ماذا‬a butcher sell ‫? يبيع‬ -A butcher sells ...................................................................... . 63-What are some tables ‫ الطاولت‬and chairs usually ‫ عادة‬made of ? -Some tables and chairs are usually made of .................. or ........................ .

64-What is ‫ ما هو‬your telephone number ‫? رقم‬ -My telephone number is ............................................. . 65-What is your business ‫? عملك‬ -I am ....................................................................... . 66-Have you ever ‫ سبق وأن‬traveled abroad ‫? خارج القطر‬ - .............................................................................. . 67-Do you ‫ هل‬intend ‫ تعتزم‬to travel ‫ السفر‬abroad ? - ............................................................................. . 68-Do you like ‫ تحب‬picnics ‫ ? السفرات‬Why ? - ............................................................................. . 69-Can you adapt ‫ تكييف‬yourself to the climate ‫ المناخ‬in Canada ? - .............................................................................. .

70-Hello . Is Miss Ann there ‫ موجودة‬, please ? -No, she went to ................................................... . 71-Mr. Brown went to the Customs Office , didn’t he ‫? أليس كذلك‬ - ........................................................................... . 72-I would like to notify ‫ بإبلغ‬Istanbul about the coming ‫ مجيء‬of ten trucks ‫ شاحنات‬. Do you know where the manifests ‫ بوليصات الشحن‬are ? - ................................................... . 73-Why do you want to go abroad ? -I want to go abroad to ................................................... . 74-Name some of the largest towns in the States? -Miami and ................................................... . 75-What is the capital ‫ عاصمة‬of the USA? - ................................................... is the capital of the USA. 76-What two main languages are spoken in Canada ? -They are ........................................ and ................................... . 77-If you want to go to New Zealand, what should you have in advance ‫? سلفا‬ - If I go to New Zealand, I should have ........................... in advance . 78-What is the currency ‫ العملة‬of Switzerland ? -The ................................................... is the currency of Switzerland . 79-How ‫ كيف‬is the climate in Canada ? -It is arctic ‫ قطبي‬and .......................................................................... . 80-Are Americans friendly ‫ يحب الصداقة‬people ? - ............................................................................................... .

81-Learn the full words of the following abbreviations :( ‫) للحفظ فقط‬ a) U.N. = United Nations ‫هيئة المم المتحدة‬ b) UNESCO = United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Culture Organization ‫ منظمة التربية والعلم والثقافة التابعة لهيئة المم المتحدة‬، ‫الونيسكو أو اليونسكو‬ c) UNICEF = United Nations Children’s Fund ‫صندوق رعاية الطفولة التابع لهيئة المم المتحدة‬ d) UNRWA = United Nations Relief and Works Agency ‫ وكالة الغاثة والتشغيل التابعة لهيئة المم المتحدة‬: ‫الونروا‬ e) WFP = World Food Program ‫برنامج الغذاء العالمي‬

Part Two

‫الجزء الثاني‬

Answer these questions about traveling by road and business dialogues or fill in the blanks :1-Hello . Is Mr. Sam there ‫? موجود‬ -No, he’s ‫ انه‬out ‫ خارج‬right ‫ تماما‬now . -No , he went ‫ ذهب‬to Turkey . -No , he went to ………………….. ‫ السوق‬. 2-How many ‫ كم عدد‬trucks ‫ الشاحنات‬are coming to the boarders ‫? الحدود‬ - ........................................... trucks are coming to the boarders. -I think ‫ اعتقد‬.................................... trucks ‫ شاحنات‬are coming to the boarders.

-I’m sorry . Mr. Brown knows ‫ يعرف‬the exact ‫ بالضبط‬number . 3-What is all the cargo ‫? الحمولة‬ -All the cargo ‫ الحمولة‬is plate . -I think it is ………………………………………………………..s 4-What is the name of the driver ‫? السائق‬ -The name of the driver is Mr. .................................................... . 5-What is the total ‫ الكلي‬weight ‫? الوزن‬ -The total weight is ............................................. tons . 6-Do you want a fax ? Shall I ‫ هل‬fax you ‫? أرسل لك فاكسا‬ - ....................................................................................... . 7-What ‫ ما‬is the situation ‫ موقف‬of the trucks ‫? الشاحنات‬ -It is ‫ انه‬fine ‫ جيد‬. -It is ……………………….. ‫ على ما يرام‬. 8-Do you ‫ هل‬want ‫ تريد‬anything ‫ أي شيء‬from the manager ‫? المدير‬ -No , thanks ‫ شكرا‬. -Please tell him ‫ أخبره‬that …………………….. ‫ اتصلت‬. 9-What is today’s program ‫? برنامج‬ -Today’s program is ......................................................... . 10-Was ‫ هل‬the Paris to Istanbul fax correct ‫? صحيحة‬ -Yes, it was ‫ نعم‬. Or -It was ‫ كان‬missing ‫ يفتقد‬the manager’s ‫ المدير‬signature ‫ توقيع‬. 11-When ‫ متى‬will ‫ سوف‬Mr. Smith come ‫ ? يأتي‬When will he go ? -Mr. Smith will come on ............................................ He will go on ......................................................... . 12-What is the day today ? -The day today is ....................................................................... . 13-Who ‫ من‬is the director ‫ المدير‬general ‫? العام‬ -Mr. David is ............................................................................. . 14-Who is the administrative ‫ الداري‬manager ‫? المدير‬ -Mr. Adams is ............................................................................ . 15-Who is London manager ? -Mr. George is ............................................................................ . 16-Who is Paris managing director ? -Mr. Miller is ................................................................................... . 17-Who ‫ من‬is Oslo Branch ‫ فرع‬manager ‫? مدير‬ -Dr. Eric is ......................................................................................... . 18-What is the total freight ‫( الوزن‬cargo ‫? ) الحمولة‬ -It is ‫ انه‬.............................................................................. tons ‫ طنا‬. 19-What ‫ ماذا‬do you want me to send you in the fax ‫? الفاكس‬ - Your phone number please. 20-I would like to notify ‫ إشعار‬our office about ‫ حول‬the coming ‫ مجيء‬of (10) trucks ‫ شاحنات‬to the Customs ‫ الجمرك‬Office ‫ دائرة‬and about ‫وحول‬ their unloading ‫ تفريغهم‬here. Do you mind that? - ………………………………………………………………….. 21-What ‫ ما‬are the customs ‫ الجمرك‬requirements ‫? مستلزمات‬ -They are ‫ انهما‬: (a) specification ‫المواصفات ………………………… المطابقة‬ (b) ………………. ‫ التخليص‬from the customs ‫ الجمرك‬office 22-What ‫ ما‬are ‫ هي‬the requirements ‫ مستلزمات‬of unloading ‫? التفريغ‬

-They are ‫ انهما‬: (a) complete ‫ كاملة‬papers ‫ أوراق‬. (b) presence ‫ حضور‬of the company ……………. ‫ الشركة ممثل‬. 23-When ‫ متى‬will ‫ سوف‬the new work start ‫? يبدأ‬ -The new work will start ‫ يبدأ ………………………غدا‬. 24-I received ‫ استلمت‬the sum ‫ مبلغ‬of ( ) dollars , dinars , Euro . 25-In testimony ‫ بناءا‬whereof ‫ على ذلك‬, signature was put ‫ ثبت‬, wasn’t it? - ........................................................................................................... . 26-What ‫ ما هو‬time ‫ الوقت‬is it ‫? الن‬ -It is ............................................................................................. . 27-Please put ‫ ضع‬the money in the safe ‫ الخزانة‬. -Put ‫ ضع‬the files ‫ الملفات‬in the ……………………. ‫ الدولب‬. 28-How ‫ كيف‬does Mr. Arthur travel ‫ يسافر‬to Italy ? -Mr. Arthur travels to Italy by ........................................ ‫ سيارته‬. -Mr. Arthur travels to Italy by ........................................ ‫ القطار‬. -Mr. Arthur travels to Italy by .............................................. ‫ الطائرة‬. 29-How many ‫ كم عدد‬trucks ‫ الشاحنات‬enter ‫ تدخل‬this garage everyday ? -Twenty ....................................... ‫ شاحنة‬enter this garage everyday ? 30-Who ‫ من‬telephoned me ‫ تلفنني‬from ‫ من‬Germany ? - ............................................ ‫زوجتك‬telephoned you from Germany . - ..................................... ‫ مديرك‬telephoned you ‫ تلفنك‬from Germany . - ............................. ‫ المدير العام‬telephoned you from Germany . 31-When ‫ متى‬will Mr. Jack arrive ? -Mr. Jack will arrive ............................................. (Choose):a. in 2008 b. at eight a.m. c. during ‫ خلل‬the day 32-How much ‫ كم كمية‬crude ‫ الخام‬oil will you import ‫? تستوردون‬ -I don’t ‫ ل‬know ‫ أعرف‬. Mr. Martin …………….. ‫ يعرف ذلك‬. 33-Does the Understanding Memorandum include importing soap, rice and foodstuffs? - ………………………………………. ‫ اعتقد ذلك‬.

Exercise (4) : Answer these questions or complete the following :1-Are you ready ‫ مستعد‬for the interview ‫? للمقابلة‬ - .......................................................................................................... . 2-What ‫ أي‬kind of job ‫ العمل‬do you want ‫? تريد‬ -I want ............................................................................................... . 3-Do you ‫ هل‬want to work as a storekeeper ‫? كأمين مخزن‬ - .......................................................................................................... . 4-What is ‫ ما هو‬your present ‫ الحالي‬business ‫? عملك‬ -My present business is .................................................................... . 5-Do you ‫ هل‬speak ‫ تتكلم‬English properly ‫? بصورة صحيحة‬ - ........................................................................................................... . 6-Are you married ‫ متزوج‬or ‫ أو‬single ‫? أعزب‬ - I am .................................................................................................. . 7-Why ‫ لماذا‬do people want to work for ‫ لجل‬the U.N. ‫? المم المتحدة‬

-People want to work for the U.N. in order to ................................................................................................. . 8-Can you ‫ هل تستطيع‬drive ‫ سياقة‬a car ‫? سيارة‬ - ........................................................................................................ . 9-What is ‫ ما هو‬your telephone number ? -My telephone number is ................................................................. . 10-What is your native ‫ القومية‬language ‫? لغتك‬ -My native language is ..................................................................... . 11-(Two plus five is .............. ) (Nine minus three is .....................) (14 X 1 = ............................) (Eight divided by two is ………..…..) 12-What ‫ أية‬degree ‫ درجة‬do you hold ‫? تحمل‬ -I hold ..................................................................................... degree. 13-Do you ‫ هل‬know where ‫ أين‬the customhouse ‫ دائرة الجمرك‬is ? - ........................................................................................................... . 14-There is the customs ‫ الجمارك‬officer ‫ موظف‬, isn’t he ‫? أليس كذلك‬ - ......................................................................................................... . 15-Do you ‫ هل‬have ‫ لديك‬anything ‫ أي شيء‬to declare ‫? تصرح به‬ -Yes, I do. I have a bottle of perfume, a gold watch , 200 cigarettes , ....................... , ......................... and .......................... . 16-What is ‫ ما هو‬a rear-mirror ‫ المرآة الخلفية‬used for ‫? تستعمل‬ -A rear-mirror is used for seeing what is behind ............................................................................ . 17-Choose the right preposition : a) I get up ‫ أنهض‬................... six o’clock in the morning . a. in b. at c. on b) ................... Friday I don’t ‫ ل‬go to work . a. in b. at c. on c) I enjoy ‫ استمتع‬walking ‫ بالمشي‬............... the evening . a. in b. at c. on d) We always ‫ دائما‬go to office ‫ الدائرة‬................. car . a. by b. at c. on e) I am good ............. mathematics ‫ الرياضيات‬. a. in b. at c. on 18-What does ‫ ماذا‬your company import ‫ تستورد‬from Hungary ? -Our company imports a lot of things from Hungary such as ‫مثل‬ : ......................... , …………….., …………… and …………… 19- Give the Arabic meaning of the following words :1-porter 2-vehicle

11-loading 12-unloading

21-fit 22-Hi = Hello

3-lorry 4-trailer 5-canteen 6-technician 7-supervisor 8-superintendent 9-clerk 10-store

13-today is off 14-register 15-employee 16-employer 17-pay sheet 18-visitor 19-salary 20-wage

23-get in 24-get out 25-sit down 26-petition 27-customs 28-goods 29-currency 30-interview

Exercise (5) : Answer these questions or complete the following :1-Where ‫ أين‬and when were you born ‫? ُولدت‬ -I was born in ................................................. on / /19 2-What are you? -I am a .................................................................................... . 3-How old are you? -I am ............................................................................. years old. 4-Is your father Iraqi or foreigner? -My father is ............................................................................... . 5-Where are you from? -I am from ..................................................................................... . 6-How many languages do you speak? -I speak .......................................................................... . 7-How many foreign languages do you speak? -I speak ....................................................................................... . 8-When must you see the doctor? -I must see the doctor when ........................................................ . 9-Why do you go to the railway station? -I go to the railway station to ........................................................ . 10-Why do you go to the bus station? -I go to the bus station to .................................................................... . 11-Why do you go to the airport? -I go to the airport to ........................................................................ . 12-Do you deal with the internet? - .............................................................................................. . 13-How are you today? -I am ..................................................................................... today. 14-What is your e-mail number? -My e-mail number is ..................................................................... . 15-Do you enjoy chatting? - ......................................................................................... . 16-What is your mobile number? - My mobile number is ................................................................. . 17-What is your favorite cold drink ?

- ......................................................................... . 18-How many days are there in a week? -There are .................................................................... days in a week. 19-What do you see with? -I see with my .......................................................................... ‫ عيوني‬. 20-What do you hear with? -I hear with my ..................................................................... ‫ أذاني‬. 21-What do you taste with? -I taste with my ................................................................... ‫ لساني‬. 22-What do you smell with? -I smell with my ..................................................................... ‫ أنفي‬. 23-How many days does September have? -September has .......................................................................... days. 24-Has May thirty or thirty one days? -May has ................................................................................... days. 25-What does your country export? -My country exports ........................................ , .................................. and .......................... . 26-When do people wear thin clothes? -People wear thin clothes .............................................................. . 27-Who brings letters to our houses? -A ....................................................... brings letters to our houses. 28-What makes roads wet in winter? -The .................................................. makes roads wet in winter. 29-How often do you brush your teeth a day? -I brush my teeth .............................................................................. . 30-Do you speak English? - ....................................................................................................... . 31-Have you ever been abroad ‫? خارج البلد‬ - ........................................................................................................ . 32-Can you drive a car? - ........................................................................................................... . 33-Will you travel abroad when you have a spare time? - ........................................................................................................... . 34-Does your country export maize? - ........................................................................................................... . 35-When do you have your hair cut? -I have my hair cut .............................................................................. . 36-Do you enjoy traveling by subway (underground, metro)? - ........................................................................................................... . 37-Why do people go to zoo? -People go to zoo .......................................................................... . 38-Do you smoke? -............................................................................................................ .

39-Do you have a bank account? - ........................................................................................................... . 40-What is your bank number? -My bank number is ........................................................................... . 41-How often do you go to cinema? -I go to cinema .................................................................................. . 42-Where must you go if you want to buy a book? -If I want to buy a book, I must go to ................................................ . 43-Where must you go if you want to borrow a book? -If I want to borrow a book, I must go to .......................................... . 44-Why do we wear thick clothes in winter? -We wear thick clothes in winter because ......................................... . 45-Why do we wear thin clothes in summer? -We wear thin clothes in summer because ......................................... . 46-Is it easy or ‫ أو‬difficult to use a computer? -It is ................................................ to use a computer. 47-Why do people reserve a ticket for the airplane in advance ‫? سلفا‬ -People reserve a ticket for the airplane in advance so as to ................................................................................................ . 48-Which is better carrying traveler's checks or cash money? -Carrying ............................................................................ is better. 49-Why do people put their money in banks? -People put their money in banks so as to.......................................... . 50-What do you do at a post office? -I .............................................................................. at a post office. 51-Have you ever driven a motorcycle? - .......................................................................................................... . 52-When you feel hungry, where do you go? -When I feel hungry, I go to .............................................................. . 53-When you feel thirsty, what do you do? -When I feel thirsty, I ......................................................................... . 54-Why is a passport necessary? -A passport is necessary because ........................................................ . 55-When you have a toothache, where do you go? -When I have a toothache, I go to ....................................................... . 56-What do you say when you first meet a foreigner ‫? أجنبي‬ -When I first meet a foreigner, I say, “................................................” 57-What is the importance of a driving license? -The importance of a driving license is .............................................. . 58-What can you see in a commercial exhibition? -I can see ................................................ in a commercial exhibition. 59-Are you a member of a Chamber ‫ غرفة‬of Commerce ‫? تجارة‬ - ........................................................................................................... . 60-Is it necessary for every merchant to know a foreign language?

-............................................................................................................ . 61-What kind of commodities ‫ سلع‬does your country need? -My country needs commodities such as ............................................ . 62-Have you ever had any trouble with your passport? - ........................................................................................................... . 63-How many years are there in a century? -There are .............................................................. years in a century. 64-Which country is very famous for technology? -............................................................ is very famous for technology. 65-Is Turkey a good inlet for importing goods as for Iraq? -......................................................................................................... . 66-What does Japan import from Saudi Arabia? - Japan imports ...................................................... from Saudi Arabia. 67-At what time do you have your breakfast ‫? فطورك‬ -I have my breakfast at ...................................................................... . 68-At what time do you have your lunch ‫? غداءك‬ -I have my lunch at ............................................................................ . 69-At what time do you have your supper (dinner) ‫? عشاءك‬ -I have my supper (dinner) at ........................................................... . 70-Are you interested ‫ مولع‬in dancing ? - ........................................................................................................ . 71-Do you always renew your Chamber of Commerce I.D. card in time? - ......................................................................................................... . 72-Which is higher in price a Euro or a Dollar? -........................................................................................ is higher.

Exercise (6) : Fill in the blanks , answer these questions or complete the following :1-First name : ........................................................................... Middle name : ........................................................................ Surname ‫ أسم العائلة‬/ ‫ اللقب‬: ..................................................................... Nickname ‫ الكنية‬: .................................................................................. Sex : ‫ الجنس‬............................................................ . Maiden name ‫ اسم أسرة المرأة قبل الزواج‬: ................................................ Sect ‫ الطائفة‬: ............................................................................ Nationalism ‫القومية‬: .................................................................. 2-Age ‫ العمر‬: (Month ‫ شهر‬, Day ‫ يوم‬, Year ‫ ) سنة‬........../.........../................. Place ‫ مكان‬of birth ‫ الميلد‬: ........................................................... . Date of birth ................................................... . 3-Nationality ‫ الجنسية‬: ..................................................... Religion ‫ الديانة‬: .......................................................... Blood ‫ الدم‬group ‫ فصيلة‬: ..............................................

4-Marital ‫ الزوجية‬Status ‫ الحالة‬: ................................................................ Number ‫ عدد‬of children ‫ الطفال‬: .......................................................... 5-Your present ‫ الحالي‬job ‫ عملك‬: ............................................. Your previous ‫ السابق‬job : .................................................. 6-Your passport ‫ جواز سفرك‬number ‫ رقم‬: ........................................ Issued ‫ صدر‬in ‫ في‬: ............................. On ‫ بتاريخ‬: ........./…...../............. 7-Your identity ‫ التعريف‬card ‫ رقم‬# ‫ بطاقة‬: ............................................. Issued ‫ صدرت‬in ‫ في‬: .......................... On ‫ بتاريخ‬: …....../….../…......... 8-Nationality ‫ الجنسية‬certificate ‫ رقم‬# ‫ شهادة‬: ....................................... Issued ‫ صدرت‬in ‫ في‬: ....................... On ‫ بتاريخ‬: …...../…...../........... 9-Is your father dead ‫ ميت‬or alive ‫ ? حي‬................................................ Is your mother dead or alive? ............................................................ 10-Number of brothers ‫ الخوة‬: ......................................................... Number of sisters ‫ الخوات‬: ............................................................ 11-Number ‫ عدد‬of uncles ‫ العمام أو الخوال‬: ............................ Number of aunts ‫ العمات أو الخالت‬: ................................ 12-Number of cousins ‫ أبناء وبنات العم أو الخال‬: ....................................... Number of males ‫ الذكور‬: ................................................................ Number of females ‫ الناث‬: .............................................................. 13-a) Finished ‫ أنهى‬secondary school in year : ........................................ b) Finished undergraduate ‫ الجامعية الولية‬study in year ........................ 14-Type of university ‫ الجامعية‬degree ‫ الشهادة‬: ........................................ Name of university : ........................................................................ 15-Address ‫ العنوان‬at home : ................................................................... 16-Permanent ‫ الدائم‬address : .................................................................... 17-Address abroad ‫ خارج البلد‬: ................................................................. 18-Telephone number at home : ............................................................. Telephone number abroad : ................................................................. 19-What is your balance in the bank in US $ ? ……………………….. 20-You belong to the ................ sect ‫ الطائفة‬, don’t you ? ........................ 21-Are you applying ‫ تتقدم بطلب الحصول على‬for a permanent ‫دائمية‬ residence ‫ إقامة‬abroad ? -..................................................................................................... . 22-Which ‫ أية‬province ‫ مقاطعة‬do you like to live ‫ تعيش‬in abroad ? It is ................................................................................................. . 23-Which city do you like to work in abroad ? I like to work in ............................................................................ 24-What do you know about Canada ?

-....................................................................................................... . 25-Do you like parties ‫ ? الحفلت‬Why ? -.................................................................................................. . 26-Do you smoke ‫ ? تدخن‬Why ? -..................................................................................................... . 27-How often ‫ كم مرة‬do you drink wine a week ? -..................................................................................................... . 28-How often do you drink ‫ تشرب‬beer ‫ الجعة‬a month ? -....................................................................................................... . 29-How often ‫ كم مرة‬do you go ‫ تذهب‬to cinema ‫? السينما‬ -....................................................................................................... . 30-Do you ‫ هل‬enjoy ‫ يعجبك‬dancing ‫? الرقص‬ -....................................................................................................... . 31-When ‫ متى‬do you go ‫ تذهب‬to theatre ‫? المسرح‬ -....................................................................................................... . 32-What are your hobbies ‫? هواياتك‬ -....................................................................................................... . 33-Are ‫ هل‬you interested ‫ مولع‬in magazines ‫? بالمجلت‬ -....................................................................................................... . 34-Do ‫ هل‬you enjoy cooking ‫ بطهي الطعام‬or does someone ‫ شخص ما‬cook it ‫ يطبخه‬for you ? -....................................................................................................... . 35-Do you like to go swimming on the beach ‫? البلج‬ -....................................................................................................... .

Exercise (7) : Fill in the blanks , answer these questions or complete the following :1-Do ‫ هل‬you like to eat ham ‫? لحم الخنزير‬ -....................................................................................................... . 2-How ‫ كيف‬will you ‫ سوف‬travel abroad ‫? خارج البلد‬ -....................................................................................................... . 3-Do ‫ هل‬you have a driving permit ‫( رخصة‬license ‫?) رخصة‬ -....................................................................................................... . 4-Can ‫ هل تستطيع‬you drive a car ? -....................................................................................................... . 5-When ‫ متى‬were you married ‫? تزوجت‬ -....................................................................................................... . 6-Are you ‫ هل‬in good harmony ‫ انسجام‬with your neighbors ‫? جيرانك‬ -....................................................................................................... .

7-How long ‫ ما طول الفترة الزمنية‬have you been studying ‫ تدرس‬English ? -....................................................................................................... . 8-What’s ‫ ما هو‬your favorite ‫ المفضل‬aim ‫ هدفك‬in life ? -....................................................................................................... . 9-What do ‫ ماذا‬you want to be ‫ تكون‬in the future ? -....................................................................................................... . 10-Do you ‫ هل‬know how to use the computer ? -....................................................................................................... . 11-What is ‫ ما هو‬your job ‫ وظيفتك‬title ? -....................................................................................................... . 12-What do you intend ‫ تعتزم‬to work at any ‫ أية‬corporation ‫? شركة‬ -....................................................................................................... . 13-How much ‫ كم مبلغ‬salary ‫( الراتب‬wage ‫ ) الجر السبوعي أو اليومي‬do you expect ‫ تتوقع‬to get ‫ تحصل عليه‬from ‫ من‬the company ‫ الشركة‬in $ US ? -....................................................................................................... . 14-How many employees ‫ المستخدمين‬does your employer ‫ رب عملك‬want to employ ‫? التعيين‬ -....................................................................................................... . 15-Do ‫ هل‬you have a legalized ‫ موثقا‬contract ‫? عقدا‬ -....................................................................................................... . 16-How much ‫ كم مبلغ‬is your net ‫ الصافي‬income ‫ دخلك‬and how much is your gross ‫ الكلي‬income? -....................................................................................................... . 17-Do ‫ هل‬you like a full-time ‫ بدوام كامل‬job or a part-time ‫ جزئي‬job ‫? عمل‬ -....................................................................................................... . 18-What ‫ ما‬kind of business do you exercise ‫ تمارسه‬now ? -....................................................................................................... . 19-What ‫ ماذا‬will you do if your contract ‫ عقدك‬is over ‫? انتهى‬ -....................................................................................................... . 20-Can you ‫ هل تستطيع‬import ‫ استيراد‬anything ‫ أي شيء‬from Hong Kong ? -....................................................................................................... . 21-Iraq exports ‫ النفط‬......................... , ‫ التمور‬......................... ‫ يصدر‬, .......................... ‫ الكبريت‬and .......................... ‫ الجلود‬. 22-Iraq imports ‫ المكائن‬..................... , ‫ السيارات‬...................... ‫ يستورد‬, ................ ‫ الدوات الحتياطية‬and …………........ ‫ إطارات العجلت الخارجية‬. 23-Do ‫ هل‬you have ‫ لديك‬a membership ‫ عضوية‬of any sports club ? -....................................................................................................... . 24- Why do goods ‫ البضائع‬go through ‫ خلل‬the customs ‫ الكمارك‬offices ?

-....................................................................................................... . 25-Is there a duty free market at ‫ في‬an international ‫ دولي‬airport ‫? مطار‬ -....................................................................................................... . 26-How do merchants transfer ‫ يحولون‬their money abroad ‫? خارج البلد‬ -....................................................................................................... . 27-Why does an agent ‫ الوكيل‬take commission ‫? عمولة‬ -....................................................................................................... . 28-Does ‫ هل‬a bank give a rate ‫ معدل‬of interest ‫ فائدة‬for the current ‫الجاري‬ account or for the deposit (savings) ‫ التوفير‬account ‫? حساب‬ -....................................................................................................... . 29-What do you need if you want to withdraw money from a bank ? -....................................................................................................... . 30-Which is better to carry cash money or travelers’ checks ‫? شيكات‬ -....................................................................................................... . 31-How ‫ كيف‬does a wholesaler ‫ بائع الجملة‬sell ‫ يبيع‬commodities ‫ السلع‬and how does the retailer ‫ بائع المفرد‬sell them ? -....................................................................................................... . 32-What do merchants store in their warehouses ‫ مستودعاتهم‬, ‫?مخازنهم‬ -Merchants ‫ التجار‬store ‫ يخزنون‬.............................. in their warehouses. 33-What ‫ كم‬time is it now ? -It ‫ الوقت‬is ................................................................................... . 34-What do subways (metros, undergrounds) do to passengers ‫? للركاب‬ -Subways (metros, undergrounds) transport ‫ تنقل‬................................... 35-The secretary works in the secretariat ‫ السكرتارية‬, doesn’t she ? -............................................................................................. .

Questions and answers about cars : 1-What is a seat ‫ المقعد‬belt ‫ حزام‬used for ‫? يستعمل‬ -It is used for the safety of the driver and the passenger ‫ والمسافر‬. 2-What do you do if there is a puncture ‫ ثقب‬in the left-side tire ‫? عجلة‬ -I replace it ‫ استبدله‬with the spare ‫ الحتياطية‬one ‫ بالعجلة‬. 3-When do you use a full light ? -I use a full light when there is no vehicle ‫ مركبة‬ahead on a road outside the city. 4-Do ‫ هل‬you use the gear ‫ الترس‬when the car is parking ‫? واقفة‬ -No , I don’t . 5-If the car does not work ‫تعمل‬, what do you check ‫? تفحص‬ -First I check ‫ افحص‬the heads of the battery . Then I check the wires ‫ السلك‬. At last I check ‫ افحص‬the fuses ‫ الصمامات الكهربائية‬. 6-Is ‫ هل‬the reverse ‫ الخلفية‬mirror ‫ المرآة‬necessary ‫ ? ضرورية‬Why ? -Yes, it is , because the driver ‫ السائق‬can ‫ يستطيع‬see what ‫ ماذا‬is behind ‫ وراء‬his vehicle ‫المركبة‬. 7-Which is faster a four-cylinder car or a six-cylinder car ?

-A six-cylinder ‫ ذات ست اسطوانات‬car is faster ‫ أسرع‬. 8-Does each car have a bonnet ‫( ? غطاء محرك السيارة المعدني‬US hood) -Of course it is. 9-What do you put in the boot ‫( ? صندوق السيارة لوضع المتعة‬US trunk) -I put a fire extinguisher ‫ آلة إطفاء الحريق‬, a jack ‫ رافعة‬,a spare part wheel ‫ عجلة‬and my luggage .‫أمتعتي‬ 10-What does ‫ ماذا‬the bumper ‫ تخفيف الصدمات مصد‬make ? -It makes shocks ‫ الصدمات‬less ‫ اقل‬.

Learn the meaning of the following words :1-exhaust-pipe = silencer ‫النبوب العادم‬ 2-hubcap ‫سدادة محور العجلة‬ 3-indicator light (US turn signal) ‫ضوء الشارة‬ 4-number-plate (US license plate) ‫رقم لوحة السيارة‬ 5-rear light (US taillight) ‫الضوء الخلفي‬ 6-tyre (US tire) ‫العجلة‬ 7-wing (US fender) ‫الجناح‬ 8-wing mirror (US side mirror) ‫مرآة الجناح الجانبية‬ 9-accelerator pedal(US gas pedal) ‫دواسة المعجل‬ 10-brake pedal ‫دواسة الكابح‬

21-rear window

‫النافذة الخلفية‬

22-roof-rack ‫رف سقف سيارة‬ 23-petrol tank ‫خزان الوقود‬ 24-sidelight (US parking light) ‫الضوء الجانبي‬ 25-windscreen wiper ‫ماسحة الزجاج المامي‬ 26-choke ‫الخانق )يمنع دخول الهواء ليزداد الحتراق‬ (‫بسرعة‬ 27-clutch pedal ‫عتلة الفاصل‬ 28-dashboard / fascia ‫لوحة العدادات الداخلية‬ 29-door handle ‫مقبض الباب‬

30-gear-lever (US gearshift) ‫عتلة ترس‬ 11-glove compartment ‫خزانة داخلية‬ 31-dip-stick ‫عصا قياس الدهن‬ 12-hand-brake ‫كابح يدوي‬ 32-air filter ‫مرشح الهواء‬ 13-head-rest ‫مخدة الرأس‬ 33-axle ‫محور الدولب‬ 14-heater ‫ مدفأة‬34-brake-drum ‫المكبح‬ 15-horn ‫ منبه‬35-carburetor (US carburetor) ‫مكربن كربوريتور‬ 16-ignition switch ‫مفتاح التشغيل‬ 36-chassis ‫الهيكل‬ 17-rear-view mirror ‫ المرآة الخلفية‬37-clutch ‫ واصل )كلتش أو دبرياج‬، ‫)قابض‬ 18-speedometer ‫ عداد السرعة‬38-radiator ‫ جهاز احرار‬: ‫ مشعاع‬، ‫مشع‬ ‫الجزاء الخارجية أو تبريد الجزاء الداخلية‬ 19-steering wheel ‫ المقود‬39-differential gear ‫مجموعة تروس )مسننات( تفاضلية‬ 20-petrol tank (US gas tank) 40-dynamo ‫خزان الوقود‬ (‫ دينامو )دنام‬، ‫ دنمو‬، (‫مولد )كهربائي‬

Question (9)

Answer these questions :-

1-Do you have an international license (permit ‫? ) رخصة قيادة المركبات‬ - …………………………………………………………….. . 2-What kind of fuel do you use in your car ?

- …………………………………………………………….. . 3-What is the name of the place in which your car is checked and maintained ‫? تصان‬ - …………………………………………………………….. . 4-Who repairs your car ? - …………………………………………………………….. . 5-How long have you been driving a car? - …………………………………………………………….. . 6-Where do you buy petrol? - …………………………………………………………….. . 7-If you have a puncture in one of your tires, where do you mend it? - …………………………………………………………….. . 8-If the road is sloppy, how do you park your car? - …………………………………………………………….. . 9-What is the meaning of (a driving license)? - …………………………………………………………….. . 10-Is your driving permit valid ‫? سارية المفعول‬ - …………………………………………………………….. . 11-Why do you go to the workshop ‫? الورشة‬ - …………………………………………………………….. . 12-What can a fitter do? - …………………………………………………………….. . 13-What is a car electrician ‫ الكهربائي‬in charge ‫ مسؤول‬of ? - …………………………………………………………….. .

Exercise (10)

Answer these questions :-

1-Are ‫ هل‬you ‫ أنت‬married ‫ متزوج‬or bachelor ‫? أعزب‬ - …………………………………………………………….. . 2-Where are ‫ أين‬you traveling ‫? مسافر‬ - …………………………………………………………….. . 3-Are you traveling by airplane ‫ الطائرة‬, ship ‫ السفينة‬, bus ‫ الحافلة‬or train ? - …………………………………………………………….. . 4-How much ‫ كم ثمن‬does it cost ‫ تكلف‬from Dubai to China by sea ‫? بحرا‬ - …………………………………………………………….. . 5-Was ‫ هل كانت‬your trip ‫ رحلتك‬to Qatar comfortable ‫? مريحة‬ - …………………………………………………………….. . 6-What is ‫ ما هو‬the telephone code ‫ مفتاح‬number of your country ? - …………………………………………………………….. . 7- What is the telephone code number of UAE ‫? المارات العربية المتحدة‬ - …………………………………………………………….. . 8-Hello ‫ مرحبا‬. Is Mr. Brown there ‫? موجود‬ - …………………………………………………………….. . a)When ‫ متى‬will ‫ سوف‬he come back ‫? يعود‬ - …………………………………………….. . b)Can I ‫ هل أستطيع‬leave ‫ اترك‬a message ‫ رسالة شفوية‬for him ? - …………………………………………….. . c)His line ‫ خط هاتفه‬is engaged ‫ مشغول‬now . Can you call him later ? - …………………………………………….. . 9-Can I reserve ‫ حجز‬a single room in your hotel for two nights ?

- ………………………………………………………….. . a)How much ‫ كم ثمن‬is the single room and the double room ? - …………………………………………….. . b)How much is it ‫ الغرفة‬a night ‫ في الليلة‬with breakfast ‫? فطور‬ - …………………………………………….. . c)How much is it ‫ الغرفة‬a night with full board ‫?وجبات كاملة‬ - …………………………………………….. . d)Does it have ‫ هل الغرفة تملك‬a bath ‫ حماما‬or a shower ‫? دوشا‬ - …………………………………………….. . 10-Are ‫ هل‬the hotel guests ‫ نزلء‬foreigners or Iraqis ? - ………………………………………………………….. . 11-Is ‫ هل‬there ‫ يوجد‬a lift ‫ مصعد‬in this hotel ? - ………………………………………………………….. . 12-Where is ‫ أين‬the restaurant ‫ المطعم‬, please ? - ………………………………………………………….. . 13-I want to cash this travelers’ ‫ المسافرين‬check . Is the bank open ? - ………………………………………………………….. . 14-How is the weather ‫ الطقس‬today ? (Choose):it sunny ‫ مشمس‬, windy ‫ عاصف‬, cold, hot or moderate ‫? معتدل‬ - ………………………………………………………….. . 15-Is there a form ‫ استمارة‬to ‫ لكي‬fill in ‫? املها‬ - ………………………………………………………….. . 16-Where is the customs ‫ الكمارك‬office ‫ دائرة‬, please ? - ………………………………………………………….. . 17-Do you ‫ هل‬have ‫ لديك‬anything ‫ أي شيء‬to declare ‫تصرح به ? حفظ‬ \I have 200 cigarettes ‫ سيكارة‬, a bottle ‫ قنينة‬of perfume ‫ عطور‬and my personal ‫ الشخصية‬camera .

Is

18- Is there any ‫ أي‬duty ‫ رسوم‬on them ‫? عليهم‬ - ………………………………………………………….. . 19-Is ‫ هل‬smoking ‫ التدخين‬allowed ‫ مسموح‬here or is it forbidden ‫? ممنوع‬ - ………………………………………………………….. . 20-Where is ‫ أين‬the waiting room ? Where is the luggage ‫ المتعة‬room ? - ………………………………………………………….. . 21-Is ‫ هل‬there ‫ هناك‬any time table ‫ جدول‬for the train ? Where is reservation ‫ الحجز‬office ? - ………………………………………………………….. . 22-Have you got your tickets ? The ticket tester ‫ فاحص‬is coming ‫? قادم‬ - ………………………………………………………….. . 23-Where is ‫ أين‬the railway ‫ القطار‬station ‫ محطة‬, please ? - ………………………………………………………….. . 24-How do you want your ticket ‫ تذكرتك‬: one way or round trip ‫? مرجع‬ - ………………………………………………………….. . 25-Is it a direct ‫ مباشر‬way from Kuwait to Thailand ? - ………………………………………………………….. . 26-What ‫ ماذا‬are ‫ يوجد‬there in your suitcase ‫حقيبتك ? حفظ‬ -There are two suits ‫بدلتين‬, one over coat ‫معطف‬, three shirts ‫قمصان ذو‬ ‫ أكمام‬, one T-shirt ‫ قميص نصف أكمام‬, four ties ‫ أربطة عنق‬, six pairs ‫ أزواج‬of

socks ‫ الجوارب القصيرة‬, one belt ‫ حزام‬, one hair brush ‫ فرشاة‬, one toothpaste ‫ معجون أسنان‬, one small knife , one towel ‫ منشفة‬, three handkerchiefs ‫ مناديل‬, a mirror ‫ مرآة‬and a razor ‫ ماكنة حلقة‬. 27-What is ‫ ما‬your business ‫? عملك‬ - ………………………………………………………….. . 28- Do you wish to visit Canada ? - ………………………………………………………….. . 29-What are ‫ ماذا‬you allowed ‫ مسموح لك‬to import ‫ تستورد‬from Greece? - ………………………………………………………….. . 30-What ‫ كم‬time is it now ? - ………………………………………………………….. . 31-Do you ‫ هل‬enjoy ‫ تستمتع‬traveling ‫ بالسفر‬during the day or at night ? - ………………………………………………………….. . 32-Do you ‫ هل‬carry ‫ تحمل‬your luggage ‫ أمتعتك‬or does a porter ‫ الحمال‬carry it ‫? يحملها‬ - ………………………………………………………….. . 33-At what time ‫ متى‬should ‫ يجب‬I ‫ علي‬be ‫ أكون‬at the airport ? At what time will the airplane leave ‫? تغادر‬ - ………………………………………………………….. . 34-Excuse me . Can you tell me ‫ تخبرني‬the way ‫ الطريق‬to the market ? - ………………………………………………………….. . 35-Excuse me ‫عفوا‬. How ‫ كيف‬can I get ‫ اصعد‬upstairs ‫? للطابق العلوي‬ - ………………………………………………………….. . 36-Is ‫ هل‬the cafeteria small or ‫ أو‬large ? - ………………………………………………………….. .

Pronouns ‫الضمائر‬ Subject Pronouns I we you you he she it they

Object Pronouns

me us you you ‫هو‬ him ‫هي‬ her ‫لغير العاقل‬ it ‫هم‬ them nd 2 Possessive Pronouns

mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs

‫أنا‬

‫نحن‬ ‫أنت‬ ‫انتم‬

‫ضمائر التملك‬ ‫الول وتقع في‬ ‫بداية الجملة أو‬ ‫وسطها قبل‬ ‫السماء‬

Possessive Pronouns ‫ ضمائر الفاعل‬my ‫ضمائر‬ ‫المفعول‬ ‫ وتقع في بداية‬our ‫به‬ ‫ الجملة أو‬your ‫في‬ ‫وتقع‬ ‫وسطها قبل‬ ‫وسط‬ ‫ الفعال‬your ‫الجملة‬ his ‫بعد‬ ‫الفعال‬ her ‫المتعدية‬ its ‫وبعد‬ ‫حروف‬ their ‫الجر‬ Reflexive ‫ الضمائر‬Pronouns ‫المنعكسة‬ myself ‫نفسي‬ ‫ضمائر التملك‬ ‫في‬ ‫الثاني وتقع‬ ourselves ‫أنفسنا‬ ‫نهاية الجملة‬ yourself ‫نفسك‬ ‫ول يليها أسماء‬ yourselves ‫أنفسكم‬ himself ‫نفسه‬ herself ‫نفسها‬ itself ‫لغير العاقل‬ themselves ‫أنفسهم‬

Exercise (11) Fill in the blanks with suitable pronouns :-

1-This is my passport ‫جواز سفري‬. It is ………………. . a. I b. me c. my d. mine 2-These are Tom’s suitcases ‫حقائب سفر‬. They are ………………. . a. he b. him c. his d. our 3-This skirt belongs ‫ تعود‬to Helen. It’s ………………. . a. hers b. she c. her d. him 4-I went to our club ‫نادينا‬. It is ………………. . a. ours b. our c. we d. us 5-The food belongs to the dog. It is ………………. . a. it b. its c. they d. her 6-Your balls are here. They’re ………………. . a. you b. your c. yours d. they 7-Whose bags are these? They’re………………. . a. they b. them c. their d. theirs 8-Please look at ………………. . a. I b. me c. my d. mine 9-The neighbors ‫ الجيران‬always help ………………. . a. we b. us c. our d. ours 10-We shall go with ………………. to cinema. a. you b. your c. yours d. our 11-The children always call ………………. dad. a. he b. him c. his d. I 12-I like ………………. very much indeed. a. she b. hers c. her d. they 13-The man is feeding ……………….very well. a. its b. it c. she d. he 14-Close ‫ اغلقوا‬our books. Close ………………. , please. a. we b. us c. our d. ours 15-I am happy. ………………. am optimistic ‫متفائل‬, too. a. I b. Me c. My d. Mine 16-He is sad. ………………. is pessimistic ‫متشائم‬, too. a. Him b. His c. He d. They 17-She is poor. ………………. is ill, too. a. Hers b. Her c. She d. It 18-The man is fat, so is ………………. . a. I b. they c. we d. she 19-The cats are thirsty. So is ………………. . a. it b. they c. we d. you 20-Martin is a doctor. He’s ………………. friend. a. I b. my c. mine d. me 21-This is Mrs. Sam. She is ………………. mother. a. our b. ours c. we d. us 22-Where is ………………. umbrella? a. you b. yours c. mine d. your 23- ………………. father is an architect ‫مهندس معماري‬. a. He b. Him c. Hers d. His 24-Ann is an orphan ‫ يتيمة‬. ………………. father is dead. a. His b. My c. Your d. Her

25-The bird is ill. ………………. wing ‫ جناحه‬is hurt ‫مصاب‬. a. It b. Its c. It’s d. He 26-………………. uncle is absent ‫غائب‬. He’s abroad ‫خارج البلد‬. a. Their b. They c. Them d. Theirs 27-I’ve got a baby. How old is ………………. ? a. his b. hers c. he d. them 28-Helen is tall, but ………………. brother isn’t. a. he b. she c. hers d. her 29-Tom succeeded in the quiz , but …………. friends failed. a. he b. him c. his d. I 30-Is that ………………. father? No, he’s my grandfather. a. I b. mine c. your d. yours 31-Excuse me ‫عفوا‬, how old are ………………. ? I’m 17 years old. a. your b. yours c. I d. you 32-My wife ‫ زوجتي‬and ………………. live in Canada. a. him b. I c. her d. them

Clothes ‫ – ملبس‬women ‫ النساء‬and girls ‫والبنات‬ A) Translate the answers of these questions into Arabic :1-Who is wearing a dressing gown? -A woman is wearing a dressing gown. /gaun/ 2-Is the belt on the dressing gown or under it? -The belt is on the dressing gown. 3-How many pairs of pants can you see? -I can see one pair of pants. 4-What color are the tights? -The tights are black color. 5-Who is wearing a shawl? -A girl is wearing a shawl. 6-Is the girl’s nightdress (nightgown) red, white or black? -The girl’s nightdress (nightgown) is white. 7-Is the girl’s slipper old or new? -The girl’s slipper is new. 8-Where is the ring? -The ring is on the woman’s finger. 9-Around which hand is the bracelet? -The bracelet is around the right hand. 10-How many ear-rings can a woman put on her ears? -A woman can put two ear-rings on her ears. 11-Where is the necklace ‫?قلدة‬ -The necklace is round the woman’s neck ‫رقبة‬. 12-What is a nail-file used for? -A nail-file is used for making rough nails smooth. 13-Is the compact powder open or closed? -The compact powder is open. 14-Where is the mascara? -The mascara is on the table. 15-Is the nail-varnish /va:niS/ open or closed?

-The nail-varnish is closed. 16-Do you use a scent perfume? -Yes, I do. Or -No, I don’t. 17-How many colors does an eye shadow have? -An eye shadow has a lot of colors. 18-What is a face-cream used for? -A face-cream is used for the face. 19-Is the lipstick open or closed? -The lipstick is open. 20-Is the carpet square or oblong -It is oblong. 21-Is there any open drawer? -No, there isn’t. B) Give the Arabic meaning of the following :(1) a pair of ear-rings (2) a pair of socks (3) a pair of shoes (4) a pair of gloves (5) a pair of tights (6) a pair of scissors (7) a table lamp

(8) hair (9) drawer (10) mirror (11) wall (12) floor (13) lip (14) finger

(15) bear (16) stool (17) hand (18) head (19) arm (20) carpet (21) drawer

C) Choose the correct choice (a, b, c or d) to complete the meaning :1-The woman is wearing her dressing gown because she is at ………. a. office b. hospital c. home d. theatre 2-A belt can be used by both a man and a………. a. bird b. fish c. ant d. woman 3-In Britain the word (pants) has another meaning which is ………. a. under pants b. underground c. underneath d. understand 4-A pair of tights is a piece of ………. clothing worn by a woman. a. thick b. thin c. long d. short 5-A shawl is a large piece of cloth that is worn by a ………. round the head. a. women b. woman c. man d. fireman 6-A nightdress is a loose dress that a girl or woman wears in ………. a. school b. court c. bed d. cinema 7-A pair of slippers is a light pair of shoes that is worn at ………. a. party b. office c. interview d. home 8-Both men and women can put rings on their ………. a. toes b. fingers c. hands d. legs

Exercise (12)Fill in the blanks , answer , complete or choose the correct choice in the following : 1-What is your business? -I am ……………………….…. 2-How do you go to your business? -I go to my business ……………………….…. 3-Why do you study English?

-I study English in order to ……………..……. 4-Where are vehicles kept ? - Vehicles are kept ............................................. 5-Has your passport been stamped by the police? -Yes, it ........................... -No, it ................................ 6-Excuse me, can you help me change this banknote into US dollars? -Yes, I ............................ -No, I ................................. 7-Excuse me, can you tell me the time? -It is ....................................

Exercise (13) Give the Arabic meaning to these words :1-airport 2-suitcase 3-immigration 4-luggage 5-airplane 6-land 7-check in 8-steward 9-pilot 10-officer

11-reservation 12-passport 13-valid 14-check out 15-ticket 16-stewardess 17-passenger 18-trip 19-visa 20-seat belt

21-by air 22-reserve 23-customs 24-porter 25-take off 26-cafeteria 27-inspection 28-duty-free markets 29-log in 30-log out

Exercise (14) Translate the following sentences into Arabic :1-An airport is a place where travelers come to take an airplane and travel abroad. - ………………………………………………. . 2-A steward is a man who serves passengers in an airplane. - ………………………………………………. . 3-Every traveler should have a ticket when taking an airplane. - ………………………………………………. . 4-The tourist always enjoys traveling abroad by air. - ………………………………………………. . 5-If you travel abroad, you must take a suitcase with you. - ………………………………………………. . 6-The pilot of our plane is very young. - ………………………………………………. . 7-When the airplane takes off, the stewardess gives out refreshments. - ………………………………………………. . 8-Before traveling abroad, you must reserve your ticket. - ………………………………………………. . 9-The immigration officer is responsible for passports. - ………………………………………………. . 10-The customs officer is responsible for passengers’ effects.

Read these telephone numbers :1-Excuse me, what’s your phone number? 551 0773 Double five one oh double seven three. Double five one oh double seven three?

Yes, that’s right. Thanks. 2-Excuse me, what’s your phone number? 831 5761 3-Excuse me, what’s your phone number? 235 1544 4-Excuse me, what’s your phone number? 473 2121 Sorry, wrong number.

Listen to these conversations and study them . Then make similar conversations and practice them with a partner : 1-Helen Mary Helen Mary Helen Mary 2-Ann Jack Ann Jack Ann Jack Ann Jack Ann

Hello. Oxford 49382. Hello. Could I speak to Helen, please? Speaking. Who is that? This is Mary. Oh, hello, Mary. How are you? Fine, thanks. Listen Helen, I got a surprise for you. Hello. Hello. Can I speak to Jill, please? One moment, please ........... I’m sorry. She’s not here. Can I take a message? Pardon? Can I take a message? Yes. Could you tell her Jack called? Yes, of course. Thanks very much. Goodbye. You're welcome. Goodbye.

Choose the right word a, b, c or d to complete the meaning :1-When David is hungry, he goes to a ........... a. school b. supermarket c. restaurant 2-When Sid is thirsty, he drinks a glass of ........... a. water b. ice cream c. eggs 3-When Arthur is bored, he goes to ........... a. laboratory b. market c. cinema 4-When Fred is hot, he goes to the ........... a. swimming b. library c. theatre pool 5-When the worker is dirty, he has a ........... a. kitchen b. bed room c. garden 6-When Lucy is happy, she ........... a. cries b. weeps c. sings 7-When Oliver is unhappy, he goes to ........... a. bed b. dentist c. laundry 8-If somebody drives a car, he is a ........... a. mechanic b. fitter c. electrician 9-Those men who act on stage are known as ........... a. actions b. actresses c. actors

d. cinema d. oranges d. hospital d. stadium

d. bath d. sleeps d. TV d. driver d. acts

10-Passengers are known as ........... a. cyclists b. motorists

c. travelers

d. engineers

Part Three ‫ثثثثث ثثثثثث‬ Match the words in list (A) with those from list (B) to complete meaning : List ‫( القائمة‬A) 1-What is your name? 2-How old are you? 3-Where do you live? 4-Why do you study English? 5-Who is that woman? 6-How deep is this well? 7-How often do you go to cinema? 8-How wide is this wall? 9-How much is this suitcase? 10-How many brothers do you have? 11-Indira ‫أنديرا‬ (First name)

List ‫( القائمة‬B) a-To go to England. b-Mrs. Brown. c-Arthur Smith. d-32 years old. e-In Belgium . a-Twice a week. b-Six meters deep. c-70 centimeters wide. d-Two. e-$ 21.00. a-Fonda. (Surname) ‫ببببب‬ 12-Brigitte ‫بريجيت‬ b-Onassis. 13-Jean ‫جين‬ c-Bardot. 14-Jacqueline ‫جاكلين‬ d-Shakespeare. 15-William ‫وليام‬ e-Ghandi. 16-Dr. Thomas works at hospital. He a-electricians. is a ..................... . 17-I’m an engineer. I work at b-dentist. a ....................... . 18-Tom’s a photographer. He works c-workshop. in a ..................... . 19-The ................. treats people’s d-studio. teeth. He has a beautiful clinic. 20-They deal with wires and cables. e-physician. They are ……….…..... . 21-Bob is from England. He a-Italian. is ............ . 22-Erik is from Germany. He b-English. is .......... . 23-This girl is from the United c-German. States. She’s ................ . 24-That tourist is from Italy. d-American. He’s ....................... . 25-This car was made in Japan. e-Japanese. It is a ................. car 26-Goodbye and good luck. a-Good morning. 27-Hello. b-Certainly. 28-Thank you very much. c-Hello. 29-Could you shut the door, please? d-Not at all.

30-Good morning. 31-A man who is not married is .......... . 32-A girl who is not married is ........... . 33-A husband and wife are ................ . 34-A husband whose wife is dead is .................... . 35-A wife whose husband is dead is ................... . 36-Mr. Brown is my uncle. I am his ................... . 37-Mrs. Eric is my mother. I’m her .................... . 38-Tom is Mr. Pat’s son. Mr. Pat is Tom’s .................... . 39-Judy is Ann’s mother. Ann is Judy’s .................... . 40-Mrs. Sam is married to Mr. Sam. Mr. Sam is Mrs. Sam’s .................... . 41-Where’s Canberra? It’s in ......................... . 42-Where’s Edinburgh? It’s in ......................... . 43-Where’s Montreal? It’s in ........................ . 44-Where’s Stockholm? It’s in ....................... . 45-Where’s Athens? It’s in ....................... . 46-It is 5:00 47-It is 9:30 48-It is 3:15 49-It is 5:33 50-It is 8:45 51-A place where we cook our food is a ...................... . 52-A place where we sleep is a ........... . 53-A place where we meet our guests is a .................... . 54-A place where we take a shower is a ....................... . 55-A place where we wash our faces a ....................... .

e-Thank you. Goodbye. a-widower. b-widow. c-virgin or spinster. d-bachelor. e-married people, spouses. a-daughter. b-husband. c-nephew. d-son. e-father. a-Sweden. b-Greece. c-Australia. d-Scotland. e-Canada. a-It’s a quarter past three. b-It’s five o’clock. c-It’s twenty seven to six. d-It’s half past nine. e-It’s a quarter to nine. a-bed room. b-kitchen. c-bath room. d-toilet. e-living room.

Exercise (13): Give the meaning of the following commands and fill in the blank spaces with the missing words :1-Show me your passport. -This is my passport. 2-Show me your visa. -This is my visa. 3-Show me your ticket. -This is my .................. . 4-Show me your license. -This is ............. driving license. 5-Show me your photograph. - ................... my photograph.

-It’s mine. -It’s ..................... . -It’s mine. -It’s mine. -It’s mine

Exercise (14) :Change the following words into plural :Singular ‫مفرد‬ 1-door ‫باب‬ 2-chair ‫كرسي‬ 3-blackboard ‫سبورة‬ 4-desk ‫رحلة‬

Plural ‫جمع‬

Singular ‫مفرد‬ 11-window ‫شباك‬ 12-table ‫طاولة‬ 13-ruler ‫مسطرة‬

Plural ‫جمع‬

14-telephone ‫هاتف‬ 15-dish ‫طبق‬ 16-child ‫طفل‬ 17-deer ‫غزال‬ 18-fish ‫سمكة‬ 19-loaf ‫رغيف خبز‬ 20-spoon ‫ملعقة‬

5-church ‫كنيسة‬ 6-glass ‫كأس‬ 7-foot ‫قدم‬ 8-class ‫صف‬ 9-wife ‫زوجة‬ 10-branch ‫فرع‬

Exercise (15) :Give the opposite of the following words :Word ‫الكلمة‬ 1-big ‫كبير‬ 2-long ‫طويل‬ 3-high ‫عالي‬ 4-here ‫هنا للقريب‬ 5-clean ‫نظيف‬ 6-sharp ‫حاد‬ 7-easy ‫سهل‬ 8-light ‫خفيف‬ 9-cheap ‫رخيص‬ 10-safe ‫أمين‬

Opposite ‫عكسها‬

Word ‫الكلمة‬ Opposite ‫عكسها‬ 11-good ‫جيد‬ 12-new ‫جديد‬ 13-narrow ‫ضيق‬ 14-this ‫هذا للقريب‬ 15-boy ‫ولد‬ 16-sick ‫مريض‬ 17-import ‫يستورد‬ 18-begin ‫يبدأ‬ 19-rich ‫غني‬ 20-modren ‫عصري‬

Exercise(16): Give the Arabic meaning of the following colors :Color ‫اللون‬ 1-red 2-green

Meaning ‫المعنى‬

Color ‫اللون‬ 6-yellow 7-blue

Meaning ‫المعنى‬

3-orange 4-black 5-white

8-brown 9-grey

1

Exercise(17): Learn the following words and their Arabic meaning :words 1- door 2- (door-) knocker 3-(door-) bell

Arabic meaning words ‫ باب‬16- stair ‫ مطرقة‬، ‫ مقرعة‬17- staircase ‫الباب‬ ‫ جرس الباب‬18- banister

4- doorstep 5-letter-box 6- keyhole 7- lock and chain 8- bolt

‫عتبة الباب‬ ‫صندوق الرسائل‬ ‫ثقب المفتاح‬ ‫قفل ذو سلسلة‬ ‫ مزلج‬، ‫رتاج‬

9- hinge 10- (door) mat

( ‫مفصل ) رزة‬

11- floor 12- rug 13- (coat) rack

‫أرضية‬، ‫أرض الحجرة‬

14- peg 15- key

‫ممسحة الرجل‬

19- handrail 20- upstairs 21- downstairs 22- light 23- (light-) switch 24- clock 25- telephone / phone 26- receiver 27- dial 28- cord / flex

‫ كليم‬، ‫ بساط‬، ‫سجادة‬ ‫ حامل‬، ‫مشجب‬ ‫للملبس‬ ‫ علقة‬، ‫ مشجب‬29- (tele) phone directory / book ‫مفتاح‬

Arabic meaning ‫ َدَرج‬، ‫سلم‬ ‫بيت السلم‬ ، ‫عمود الدرابزين‬ ‫درابزين‬ ‫حاجز يدوي‬ ‫إلى الدور العلوي‬ ‫إلى الدور السفلي‬ ‫نور‬ ‫مفتاح النور‬ ‫ساعة الحائط‬ (‫هاتف )تلفون‬ ‫سماعة الهاتف‬ ‫فرص الهاتف‬ ‫حبل الهاتف‬ ‫دليل الهاتف‬

Exercise (18) Give the Arabic meaning of the following words :Word ‫الكلمة‬ 1-door 2-(door-) knocker 3-(door-) bell 4-doorstep 5-letter-box 6-keyhole 7-lock and chain 8-bolt 9-hinge

Meaning ‫معناها‬

Word ‫الكلمة‬ 10-(door) mat 11-floor

Meaning ‫معناها‬

12-rug 13-(coat) rack 14-peg 15-key 16-stair 17-staircase 18-banister

The Hall

‫الصالة‬

1-Define ‫ عرف‬a hall ‫? الصالة‬ -A hall is a large room, a passage or a building that is inside the front entrance in meetings, concerts, dances, etc can be held.

2-Where should a door-knocker be fixed? -It should be fixed on the door. 3-Why is the door-bell used? -It is used to warn ‫ لتحذير‬people inside that somebody is waiting at the door. 4-Where is the doorstep ‫ عتبة الباب‬lie ‫? تقع‬ -It lies at the bottom ‫ أسفل‬of the front door. 5-What is the letter-box ‫ صندوق الرسائل‬used for ‫? يستعمل‬ -It is used for keeping ‫ لحفظ‬letters. 6-Can you see through ‫ خلل‬a keyhole ‫? فتحة المفتاح‬ -Yes, I can. 7-Do you have a lock ‫ قفل‬and chain ‫ سلسلة‬in your room? -Yes, I do. 8-What can fix ‫ يثبت‬a door to the frame ‫? الطار‬ -A bolt ‫ المزلج‬can fix a door to the frame. 9-What is a hinge ‫? المفصل‬ -A hinge is a piece ‫ قطعة‬of metal ‫ المعدن‬that joins ‫ تربط‬two sides of a door, etc together and allows ‫ يسمح‬it to be opened or closed . 10-What is a door mat ‫? حصيرة‬ -A door mat is a piece of carpet ‫ سجادة‬or other thick ‫سميكة‬ material that you put ‫ تضعها‬on the floor . 11-A carpet ‫ السجادة‬can be put ‫ يوضع‬on the floor , can’t it? -Yes, it can. 12-What is a rug ‫? بساط‬ -A rug is a piece of thick material that covers a small part of a floor. 13-Where do guests ‫ الضيوف‬usually ‫ عادة‬hang ‫ يعلقوا‬their overcoats ‫معاطفهم‬ ? -Guests usually hang their overcoats on a coat rack ‫ حامل‬، ‫مشجب‬ ‫ الملبس‬. 14-What does a coat rack have? -A coat rack has several pegs ‫ علقات‬. 15-Why do you use a key? -I use a key for locking ‫ غلق‬and unlocking ‫ وفتح‬a door. 16-How do you go upstairs ‫ للطابق العلى‬at home ? -I go upstairs by using the stairs . 17-What does a staircase ‫ بيت السلم‬mean ? -A staircase means a stairway ‫ الممر‬. 18-What is the meaning of banisters (banisters) ‫ أعمدة درابزين‬، ‫ درابزين‬. -Banisters (banisters) are rails ‫ أعمدة‬supported ‫ مسندة‬by upright ‫قائمة‬ bars ‫ أوتاد‬at the side of a staircase ‫ بيت السلم‬, that you hold on ‫تمسكه‬ to when you are going up-or downstairs. 19-When you go upstairs, you sometimes put your hand on the handrail ‫ حاجز يدوي‬, don’t you? -Yes, I do. 20-What does upstairs mean?

-It means to or on the upper ‫ العلوي‬floor of a building ‫ للبناية‬. 21-What does downstairs mean? -It means down the stairs or on, or to the ground ‫ الرضي‬floor ‫الطابق‬ or a lower ‫ السفلي‬floor. 22-When do you use a light ? -I use a light when ‫ عندما‬it is dark ‫ مظلمة‬. 23-Why do you use a light switch ‫? مفتاح‬ -I use a light switch in order to connect ‫ نربط‬or disconnect ‫نفصل‬ electric ‫ الكهربائية‬power ‫ الطاقة‬. 24-Where is a clock ‫ الساعة الجدارية‬put ‫? توضع‬ -A clock is put on the wall . 25-If you want to make a telephone call , what do you pick up ‫? تلتقط‬ -If I want to make a telephone call, I pick up the receiver (handset ). 26-What is a dial ‫? قرص الهاتف‬ -A dial is the round ‫ دائري‬part with holes ‫ ثقوب‬in it on some telephones. It is fixed ‫ مثبت‬either on the receiver ‫ سماعة الهاتف‬or on the phone . 27-You now dial ‫ تدير القرص‬direct ‫ مباشرة‬to New Your, don’t you? -Yes, I do.

Answer these questions :1-What business does a fireman ‫ رجل الطفاء‬exercise ‫? يمارس‬ -A fireman exercises the business of extinguishing ‫ إطفاء‬a fire . 2-Why ‫ لماذا‬does a fireman wear ‫ يرتدي‬a helmet ‫? خوذة‬ -A fireman wears a helmet to protect ‫ يحمي‬his head ‫ رأسه‬from fire . 3-What ‫ ماذا‬runs ‫ يجري‬through ‫ خلل‬a hose (pipe) ‫? خرطوم الماء‬ -Water ‫ الماء‬runs through a hose (pipe). 4-What is ‫ ما هي‬a nozzle ‫? فتحة الخرطوم‬ -A nozzle is a narrow tube ‫ أنبوب‬that is put ‫ يوضع‬on the end of a pipe ‫ النبوب‬, etc to control ‫ يسيطر على‬the liquid ‫ السائل‬or gas ‫الغاز‬ coming out ‫ المتدفق‬. 5-What ‫ ما هي‬is a hydrant ‫? )الحنفية )صنبور‬ -A hydrant is a pipe in a street from which water can be taken for putting out fires ‫ الحرائق‬, street-cleaning ‫ تنظيف الشوارع‬, etc . 6-When ‫ متى‬do you use a fire-extinguisher ? -I use a fire-extinguisher when ‫ عند‬there is fire . 7-What is a fire-engine ‫? سيارة الطفاء‬ -A fire-engine is a special vehicle ‫ مركبة‬that carries equipment ‫معدات‬ for fighting large fires. 8-What is a ladder ‫? السلم‬ -A ladder is a piece ‫ قطعة‬of equipment ‫ المعدات‬that is used for climbing up ‫ لتسلق‬something . It consists ‫ يشتمل‬of two long pieces of wood or ‫ أو‬metal ‫ المعدن‬, with steps ‫ درجات‬fixed ‫ مثبتة‬between them ‫ بينهما‬. 9-Does the fire-engine use the bell ‫ الجرس‬when it is parking ‫ واقفة‬or running ‫? شغالة‬ -The fire-engine uses the bell when it is running.

10-A fire-escape ‫ سلم الحريق‬is necessary during fires , isn’t it ‫? أليس كذلك‬ -Yes, it is. 11-How ‫ كيف‬can you extinguish ‫ إطفاء‬a fire ? -I can extinguish a fire by a fire-extinguisher ‫ جهاز إطفاء الحريق‬. 12-Is ‫ هل‬smoke ‫ الدخان‬good to health ‫? للصحة‬ -No, it isn’t. 13-What makes a flame ‫ اللهيب‬bright ‫? متوهجا‬ -Oxygen ‫ الوكسجين‬makes a flame bright. 14-With whom does a dental ‫ عيادة طب السنان‬nurse ‫ ممرضة‬work? -She works with a dentist. 15-Who ‫ من‬sits on a dentist’s chair ? -A patient ‫ المريض‬suffering ‫ الذي يعاني‬from a bad tooth ‫ سن‬sits on a dentist’s chair. 16-A dentist treats people’s teeth ‫ أسنان‬, doesn’t he ‫? أليس كذلك‬ -Yes, he does. 17-Does every dentist ‫ طبيب أسنان‬have a drill ‫? جهاز حفر السنان‬ -Yes, he does. 18-Why does a dentist have ‫ يملك‬a light ‫ ضوئا‬over his head ? -A dentist has a light over his head in order to see the patient’s bad teeth and mouth. 19-Where does ‫ أين‬a patient sleep ‫ ينام‬in the hospital ward ‫? ردهة‬ -A patient sleeps on a hospital bed ‫ )سرير المرضى )فراش‬. 20-Whom ‫ من‬should ‫ يجب على‬a patient ‫ المريض‬see ‫? رؤية‬ -A patient should see a doctor .

Questions and answers about : (A) (THE WEATHER ‫ببببب‬ ) 1-What ‫ ماذا‬can you see during lightning ‫? البرق‬ -I can see light ‫ الضوء‬during lightning. 2-In ‫ في‬which season ‫ فصل‬do we have a storm-thunder ‫ سحابة رعدية‬cloud ‫ غيمة‬more ? -We have a storm-thunder cloud in winter ‫ الشتاء‬more. 3-a)Do you ‫ هل‬enjoy ‫ يعجبك‬the rain ‫? المطر‬ -Yes, I do. b)What ‫ ما‬is the rain ? -The rain is water falling ‫ ساقطة‬drops from the clouds ‫ الغيوم‬. 4-When ‫ متى‬can you ‫ تستطيع‬see water drops ‫? قطرات‬ -I can see water drops when it is raining. 5-Does ‫ هل‬it snow ‫ يسقط الثلج‬in summer ? Why ? -No, it doesn’t, because it is very hot. 6-Is it ‫ هل‬easy ‫ سهل‬or difficult ‫ صعب‬to make a snowball ‫? كرة ثلجية‬ -It is easy to make a snowball. 7-What ‫ ما‬is a snowman ‫ ? رجل الثلج‬Can you ‫ هل تستطيع‬make ‫ تعمل‬a snowman ‫ ? رجل ثلج‬How ‫? كيف‬ -A snowman is a made ‫ مصنوع‬of ‫ من‬snow ‫ الثلج‬. Yes, I can by hand .

8-When do we see an icicle ‫ ? الدلة الجليدية المتدلية‬Is it natural ‫ طبيعية‬or unnatural ‫? غير طبيعية‬ -An icicle is a pointed ‫ مدبب‬stick ‫ نتوء‬of ‫ من‬ice ‫ الثلج‬formed ‫متكون‬ when running water freezes. 9-Does ‫ هل‬it shine ‫ تشرق‬during ‫ خلل‬the night or the day ? -It shines during the day. 10-What ‫ ما‬is the color of the sky ‫? السماء‬ -The color of the sky is blue ‫ أزرق‬. (B) (IN THE GARDEN ‫) ببببببب‬ 11-Where ‫ أين‬can you see trees ? -I can see trees in the garden . 12-Does ‫ هل‬every tree have a trunk ‫? )جذعا )ساقا‬ -Yes, it does. 13-Can ‫ هل تستطيع‬birds stand ‫ الوقوف‬on the branch ‫ فرع‬of the tree ? -Yes, they can. 14-Which ‫ أيهما‬is bigger a twig ‫ الغصين‬or a branch ? -A branch is bigger. 15-What ‫ ما‬is the color ‫ لون‬of trees in spring ‫? الربيع‬ -The color of trees in spring is green . 16-Which is wider ‫ اعرض‬a gate ‫ البوابة‬or a door ? -A gate is wider than a door. 17-Why ‫ لماذا‬is a hedge ‫ سياج من الشجيرات‬used ? -A hedge is used for separating ‫ لفصل‬two areas ‫ منطقتين‬. 18-Can you ‫ هل تستطيع‬walk ‫ المشي‬on the path ‫? الممر‬ -Yes, I can. 19-Is ‫ هل‬a lawn ‫ المرجة‬beautiful ? Why ? -Yes, it is, because it is green . 20-How does ‫ كيف‬the flower ‫ الوردة‬smell ‫? تكون رائحتها‬ -The flower smells good ‫ زكية‬. 21-Which ‫ أيهما‬is bigger ‫ أكبر‬a tree or a shrub bush ‫? الشجيرة‬ -A tree is bigger than a shrub bush. 22-What is ‫ ماذا‬a flower ‫ الزهر‬bed ‫ حوض‬used for ? -A flower bed is used for growing ‫ لزرع‬flowers . 23-What is a watering-can ‫ صفيحة الرش‬use for ? -A watering-can is used for watering the flowers. 24-Did you ‫ هل‬see a flower-pot ‫ ? أصيص ورود‬Where ? -Yes, I did, in the garden . 25-Where ‫ أين‬can you see a garden-fork ‫? شوكة‬ -I can see a garden-fork in the garden . 26-Where is the shed ‫ السقيفة‬built ‫? تبنى‬ -The shed it built in the garden . 27-Do you ‫ هل‬see a wheelbarrow ‫ عجلة يد‬in gardens only ? -No, I don’t. 28-Why is a wash ‫ الغسيل‬line ‫ حبل‬used ?

-A wash line is used for drying ‫ لتجفيف‬clothes and cloth ‫ والقمشة‬. 29-Where ‫ أين‬is the washing ‫ الغسيل‬put ‫? يوضع‬ - The washing is put on ‫ على‬the wash ‫ الغسيل‬line ‫ حبل‬. 30-Is ‫ هل‬the clothes-peg ‫ ملقط الغسيل‬necessary ? When ? -Yes, it is, when the washing ‫ الغسيل‬is on the wash line .