Wireless Non-radiative Energy(power) Transfer
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Wireless
Non-Radiative
Energy Transfer
Motivation
Tesla tower: cca. 1904
WLAN (wireless local area network) concept: radiation
Radiative energy transfer
Omni-directional radiation
Directed radiation
Resonance phenomena 2
2 h − ∇ ψ = Eψ 2m
Schrödinger equation
− c 2∇2 E = ω 2 E Maxwell equation
ε=65.61, Q=9100 Titania (ε ≈ 96, Im{ε}/ε ∼ 10 -3 ) Barium tetratitanate (ε ≈ 37, Im{ε}/ε ∼ 10 -4 ) Lithium tantalite (ε ≈ 40, Im{ε}/ε ∼ 10 -4 )
ε=147.70, Q=1992
Resonant coupling
resonant object (Source)
resonant object (Device)
da S = −i (ωS + iΓS )a S + iκ SD a D dt
daD = −i (ωD + iΓD )aD + iκ DS aD dt
∗ 3 ωS ∫ d rES (r )ED (r )[ε S (r ) − ε 0 ]
∗ 3 d rE ωD ∫ D (r )E S (r )[ε D (r ) − ε 0 ] ≡ 2 2 d 3r E (r ) ε (r )
κ SD ≡
2
∫ d r E (r ) ε (r ) 2
3
κ DS
S
κ ≡ κ SDκ DS
∫
D
Example of resonant coupling Source
Device
START
END
6
8
Distance / Radius
10
One more example of resonant coupling
Coupling with extraneous objects D
e-αx Source
Extraneous object
da S = −i (ωS + iΓS )a S + iκ SE a S dt
ω1 ∫ d r ES (r ) [ε E (r ) − ε 0 ] 2
3
κ SE ≡
2
3 d ∫ r ES (r ) ε (r ) 2
∝ e-2αD
D
e-αx Source
Device ∗ 3 ωS ∫ d rES (r )ED (r )[ε S (r ) − ε 0 ]
da S = −i (ωS + iΓS )a S + iκ SD a D κ SD ≡ 2 dt
∫ d r E (r ) ε (r ) 2
3
S
∝ e-αD
Examples of extraneous coupling ε =2.5
Q = 1992
Q = 1832
Concrete (ε ≈ 4.5, Im{ε}/ε∼10 -2 ) Wood (ε ≈ 1.2-5, Im{ε}/ε∼10 -3 ) Fused quartz (ε ≈ 4.0, Im{ε}/ε∼10
-4
ε =2.5
Q = 873
) QFINAL 1 ≈ QINITIAL 3
ε = 82
Robot & Office: simulation
Source
Device (robot)
Robot & Office: radiative scheme
Robot & Office: non-radiative scheme
Robot & Office: non-radiative scheme
Magnetic resonances B
E Outside: UE~UB
Outside: UE~0 Most materials: µ~µAIR ⇒ no interaction with the field!
Examples of “magnetic technology”
Maglev
Magnetically levitating bed
Robot & Office: magnetic resonances
Q~1000
AC source ~10MHz
1m
3-4m 30cm
Q~1000
Robot & Office: magnetic resonances
Comparison with inductive coupling
D»L Efficiency ≈ ηR/Q2
D L
~ ηR/1,000,000 D
L»D
L
Efficiency ≡ ηR
Some potential applications
Industrial, military, and household robots
Portable personal electronics
Electric vehicles
Other possible applications
• Confidential radio-communication • Optical free-space interconnects for electronic logic circuits • Energy supply for RFIDs and/or nano-robots
Conclusion • mid-range non-radiative energy transfer scheme based on resonances • even very simple designs have promising performance • as a powerful concept, it could enable a wide range of applications
Ok, but how come no one thought of this before?
Collaborators: Aristeidis Karalis (MIT) John Joannopoulos (MIT)
e-mail: [email protected] Pre-print of this work: http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0611063
Non-Radiative
Energy Transfer
Motivation
Tesla tower: cca. 1904
WLAN (wireless local area network) concept: radiation
Radiative energy transfer
Omni-directional radiation
Directed radiation
Resonance phenomena 2
2 h − ∇ ψ = Eψ 2m
Schrödinger equation
− c 2∇2 E = ω 2 E Maxwell equation
ε=65.61, Q=9100 Titania (ε ≈ 96, Im{ε}/ε ∼ 10 -3 ) Barium tetratitanate (ε ≈ 37, Im{ε}/ε ∼ 10 -4 ) Lithium tantalite (ε ≈ 40, Im{ε}/ε ∼ 10 -4 )
ε=147.70, Q=1992
Resonant coupling
resonant object (Source)
resonant object (Device)
da S = −i (ωS + iΓS )a S + iκ SD a D dt
daD = −i (ωD + iΓD )aD + iκ DS aD dt
∗ 3 ωS ∫ d rES (r )ED (r )[ε S (r ) − ε 0 ]
∗ 3 d rE ωD ∫ D (r )E S (r )[ε D (r ) − ε 0 ] ≡ 2 2 d 3r E (r ) ε (r )
κ SD ≡
2
∫ d r E (r ) ε (r ) 2
3
κ DS
S
κ ≡ κ SDκ DS
∫
D
Example of resonant coupling Source
Device
START
END
6
8
Distance / Radius
10
One more example of resonant coupling
Coupling with extraneous objects D
e-αx Source
Extraneous object
da S = −i (ωS + iΓS )a S + iκ SE a S dt
ω1 ∫ d r ES (r ) [ε E (r ) − ε 0 ] 2
3
κ SE ≡
2
3 d ∫ r ES (r ) ε (r ) 2
∝ e-2αD
D
e-αx Source
Device ∗ 3 ωS ∫ d rES (r )ED (r )[ε S (r ) − ε 0 ]
da S = −i (ωS + iΓS )a S + iκ SD a D κ SD ≡ 2 dt
∫ d r E (r ) ε (r ) 2
3
S
∝ e-αD
Examples of extraneous coupling ε =2.5
Q = 1992
Q = 1832
Concrete (ε ≈ 4.5, Im{ε}/ε∼10 -2 ) Wood (ε ≈ 1.2-5, Im{ε}/ε∼10 -3 ) Fused quartz (ε ≈ 4.0, Im{ε}/ε∼10
-4
ε =2.5
Q = 873
) QFINAL 1 ≈ QINITIAL 3
ε = 82
Robot & Office: simulation
Source
Device (robot)
Robot & Office: radiative scheme
Robot & Office: non-radiative scheme
Robot & Office: non-radiative scheme
Magnetic resonances B
E Outside: UE~UB
Outside: UE~0 Most materials: µ~µAIR ⇒ no interaction with the field!
Examples of “magnetic technology”
Maglev
Magnetically levitating bed
Robot & Office: magnetic resonances
Q~1000
AC source ~10MHz
1m
3-4m 30cm
Q~1000
Robot & Office: magnetic resonances
Comparison with inductive coupling
D»L Efficiency ≈ ηR/Q2
D L
~ ηR/1,000,000 D
L»D
L
Efficiency ≡ ηR
Some potential applications
Industrial, military, and household robots
Portable personal electronics
Electric vehicles
Other possible applications
• Confidential radio-communication • Optical free-space interconnects for electronic logic circuits • Energy supply for RFIDs and/or nano-robots
Conclusion • mid-range non-radiative energy transfer scheme based on resonances • even very simple designs have promising performance • as a powerful concept, it could enable a wide range of applications
Ok, but how come no one thought of this before?
Collaborators: Aristeidis Karalis (MIT) John Joannopoulos (MIT)
e-mail: [email protected] Pre-print of this work: http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0611063
