Wireless Energy Transmission

Seminar on Wireless Energy Transmission

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HISTORY 

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1825-William Sturgeon invented electromagnet. 1831-Michael Faraday gave principle of electromagnetic induction. FIRST demonstration of W.E.T by Nikola Tesla. 1864-James Clerk Maxwell modeled mathematical behavior of electromagnetic radiation.

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Continued…… 

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1888-Heinrich Hertz showed wireless transmission via radio waves. Marconi worked with modified form of the Hertz –wave transmitter. 2000-Inductive Power Transfer at the University of Auckland.

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WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER  

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Also called Tesla Effect. Process where electrical energy transmitted without wires. Efficiency one of the most critical parameter. Can be used for charging the laptops ,cell phones etc. without wires

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PARAMETERS 1. Size is dictated by:  Distance  Wavelength  Rayleigh Criterion & Diffraction Limit 2. Power Levels are calculated by the LINK BUDGET 3. Efficiency

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CLASSIFICATION WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER

SHORT DISTANCE

INDUCTION

MODERATE DISTANCE

RESONANT INDUCTION

RADIO & MICROWAVE

LONG DISTANCE

LIGHT

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION

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SHORT DISTANCE INDUCTION

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Mutual Induction-transformer Inductive Coupling-electric tooth brush

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Splashpower Recharging Mat

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RESONANT INDUCTION

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MODERATE DISTANCE 

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Developed in 2006 at MIT by Marin Soljacic. Evanescent waves produced for tunneling energy. Range upto 5 meters. Powered 60 watt bulb with 40% efficiency. Solves the problems of induction i.e. distance . 10

Power transmission via radio waves Shorter Wavelengths

More Directional Beam

Longer Distance Power Beaming

Highest Efficiency 11

Rectenna - Converts microwave energy into electricity (efficiencies exceeding 95%)

5,000 MW Receiving Station (Rectenna), Snohomish, Washington. This station is about a mile and a half long.

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Power transmitted by converting electricity into a Laser Beam 

Laser Beam directed at Solar Cell

With a laser beam centered on its panel of photovoltaic cells, a lightweight model plane makes the first flight powered by a laser beam inside a building at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. 13

Disadvantages of transmitting power via LASER 1.

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Conversion to light (Laser) - Inefficient Conversion back into electricity - Inefficient (40%-50% efficiency) Atmospheric absorption cause losses Laser Beaming - Requires a direct line of sight 14

Electrical energy transmitted by means of naturally existing conductors Through atmosphere — A natural medium like air can be made conducting if the voltage is exceeded above its breakdown voltage

Breakdown of air in a glass tube by applying high voltage between electrodes

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Electric Discharge in Neon Tube

Same concept can be used to transfer Energy by forming a vertical ionized channel in air using high power ultra violet beam

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Disadvantages of Transmitting Power Wirelessly 

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Not very efficient Microwave - Require proportionately larger transmitters and receivers Laser - Does not work through clouds

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Health Hazards 

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Exposure is equal to the amount that people receive from cell phones and microwaves Powerful Laser beam is harmful to eyes and skin.

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REFERENCES      

en.wikipedia.org www.howstuffworks.com www.wisegeek.com www.eurekalert.com www.mit.com www.creativehuman.com

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