Week 3

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Today



Announcements



Type and design basics



Type categories



Contrast, Proximity, Alignment

Announcements





Read Williams, Chapters 1­5 before studio next week Make some notes for yourself (I like to use post­its to “mark” key pages  and examples in the book to emulate)

Design Rules



Artist? Probably not



Rules enable “good” design despite that

Design Rules ✤

Encoding/Decoding ✤



Creators encode meaning  Viewers/Readers/Audiences decode  meaning



Tenuous process at best



“Bad design” short­circuits that process



Distracting, difficult... or completely misleading

Focus on the rules



Temptation = experiment, emulate cutting­edge designs



Probably won’t work



In this class you’re evaluated on how well you follow the rules

Font basics

Serif Sans Serif

How do we “read”?



We read by detecting WORD shapes (not letterforms).



Purpose of serifs



Use of serif fonts



Use of serif fonts

Fonts ✤

Old Style



Modern



Slab Serif



Sans Serif



Script



Decorative/Novelty

Old Style







O

Diagonal stress on 

l

Serifs on lowercase letters are slanted ( 

 )

Goudy, Minion Pro, Times, Baskerville, Garamond

Modern









MO

Vertical stress 

Serifs on lower case, thin, horizontal  

e

Radical thin/thick transitions   Times Bold, Onyx

d

Slab Serif ✤







e

Vertical stress   

b

Serifs on lower case are horizontal, thick  

S

Little or no variation in thick/thin    Rockwell, Playbill

Sans Serif







No serifs anywhere   

S S S S    vs.  

No thick/thin transition  

Arial, Helvetica, Myriad Pro

   vs. 

Script



Edwardian Script, Zapfino

Decorative/Novelty



Bauhaus, Braggadocio, Chalkboard, Marker Felt, Party, Papyrus, Stencil

A few words about “style”



Fonts are art, but they’re also fashion



Like any fashion, fonts go in and out of style



Times, Helvetica, Courier: Have become clichés



Why? Overuse. Why overused? Laser Printers



Others: Palatino, Arial, Bookman, Century Schoolbook

What do I need to know?



You will be asked to distinguish what category fonts fall in



I won’t ask you to name fonts (this is Palatino, by the way—distinctive  )





P

You will be expected to know “appropriate” uses for fonts under the rules  (covered extensively in your text) You will be expected to use fonts appropriately in your assignments

Eyes of Design ✤



Visual ✤

What do you like



What looks “good”

Critical ✤

What is good about it?



How can you use that?



Is communication facilitated by your choices?

Williams’ rules



Contrast



Repetition



Alignment



Proximity

What she’s really saying...



Keep it simple



Minimize the number of “elements” on a page



Emphasize what “needs” to be emphasized



De­emphasize what doesn’t need special treatment

Contrast



Seek dramatic contrast in your work



Williams: Don’t be a wimp



Achieve contrast by mixing very light and very dark type



Want to achieve a sort of “color” or “texture” using different  combinations, styles, sizes and weights of type

SDSU College of Arts & Sciences

SDSU College of Arts & Sciences

SDSU College of Arts & Sciences

SDSU College of Arts & Sciences

SDSU College of Arts & Sciences

SDSU College of Arts & Sciences

SDSU College of Arts & Sciences

SDSU College of Arts & Sciences

SDSU College of Arts & Sciences

Lines help “organize” and delineate elements

SDSU College of Arts & Sciences

Middle line delineates; Black lines set boundaries

SDSU College of Arts & Sciences Mixing weights of Myriad Pro adds additional contrast

SDSU College of Arts& Sciences

Using script ampersand adds visual interest

Achieving Contrast



Combine complementary fonts



Vary sizes



Vary weights



Add lines or other graphical elements (and vary their weights, too)



Push it until it doesn’t work, then back one step

Proximity



Group related items together



Closeness implies a relationship



Emphasis/De­emphasis



Intellectually connected AND visually connected



Seek to make groups

Box 2235 Brookings, SD 57007

South Dakota State University

Matthew Cecil, Ph.D.

Associate Professor

605.688­6511

Matthew Cecil, Ph.D. Associate Professor South Dakota State University Box 2235 Brookings, SD 57007 605.688-6511

Tips



Avoid too many separate elements



Don’t lump in corners, middle



Meter your white space (White space is a GOOD thing!)



Avoid confusion



Unrelated: move them apart

Alignment



Nothing is arbitrary



Centering items = simplistic



Avoid “centered” pages



Find a single line and stick to it



Goal = unity, simplicity

Matthew Cecil, Ph.D. Assistant Professor

3

1

2 Department of Journalism and Mass Communication South Dakota State University Box 2235 Brookings, SD 57007 605.688.6511

1

Matthew Cecil, Ph.D. Assistant Professor South Dakota State University Box 2235 Brookings, SD 57007 605.688-6511

Repetition



Repetition of elements creates unity within a complex document



Each page is not an opportunity to “redesign” the page



But at the same time, not looking for identical pages



Want variance of some elements (fonts, graphics, logos) but not identical  pages

Balance



Related to alignment



Eyes, brain seek patterns



Balance = arrangement of items so they “equal” each other



Weight is counterbalanced

Balance



Symmetrical balance = comfortable



Not interesting



Asymmetrical balance adds visual interest



Centered text, acceptable, not ideal

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