Today
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Announcements
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Type and design basics
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Type categories
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Contrast, Proximity, Alignment
Announcements
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Read Williams, Chapters 15 before studio next week Make some notes for yourself (I like to use postits to “mark” key pages and examples in the book to emulate)
Design Rules
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Artist? Probably not
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Rules enable “good” design despite that
Design Rules ✤
Encoding/Decoding ✤
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Creators encode meaning Viewers/Readers/Audiences decode meaning
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Tenuous process at best
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“Bad design” shortcircuits that process
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Distracting, difficult... or completely misleading
Focus on the rules
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Temptation = experiment, emulate cuttingedge designs
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Probably won’t work
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In this class you’re evaluated on how well you follow the rules
Font basics
Serif Sans Serif
How do we “read”?
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We read by detecting WORD shapes (not letterforms).
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Purpose of serifs
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Use of serif fonts
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Use of serif fonts
Fonts ✤
Old Style
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Modern
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Slab Serif
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Sans Serif
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Script
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Decorative/Novelty
Old Style
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O
Diagonal stress on
l
Serifs on lowercase letters are slanted (
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Goudy, Minion Pro, Times, Baskerville, Garamond
Modern
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MO
Vertical stress
Serifs on lower case, thin, horizontal
e
Radical thin/thick transitions Times Bold, Onyx
d
Slab Serif ✤
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e
Vertical stress
b
Serifs on lower case are horizontal, thick
S
Little or no variation in thick/thin Rockwell, Playbill
Sans Serif
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No serifs anywhere
S S S S vs.
No thick/thin transition
Arial, Helvetica, Myriad Pro
vs.
Script
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Edwardian Script, Zapfino
Decorative/Novelty
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Bauhaus, Braggadocio, Chalkboard, Marker Felt, Party, Papyrus, Stencil
A few words about “style”
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Fonts are art, but they’re also fashion
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Like any fashion, fonts go in and out of style
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Times, Helvetica, Courier: Have become clichés
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Why? Overuse. Why overused? Laser Printers
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Others: Palatino, Arial, Bookman, Century Schoolbook
What do I need to know?
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You will be asked to distinguish what category fonts fall in
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I won’t ask you to name fonts (this is Palatino, by the way—distinctive )
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P
You will be expected to know “appropriate” uses for fonts under the rules (covered extensively in your text) You will be expected to use fonts appropriately in your assignments
Eyes of Design ✤
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Visual ✤
What do you like
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What looks “good”
Critical ✤
What is good about it?
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How can you use that?
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Is communication facilitated by your choices?
Williams’ rules
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Contrast
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Repetition
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Alignment
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Proximity
What she’s really saying...
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Keep it simple
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Minimize the number of “elements” on a page
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Emphasize what “needs” to be emphasized
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Deemphasize what doesn’t need special treatment
Contrast
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Seek dramatic contrast in your work
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Williams: Don’t be a wimp
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Achieve contrast by mixing very light and very dark type
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Want to achieve a sort of “color” or “texture” using different combinations, styles, sizes and weights of type
SDSU College of Arts & Sciences
SDSU College of Arts & Sciences
SDSU College of Arts & Sciences
SDSU College of Arts & Sciences
SDSU College of Arts & Sciences
SDSU College of Arts & Sciences
SDSU College of Arts & Sciences
SDSU College of Arts & Sciences
SDSU College of Arts & Sciences
Lines help “organize” and delineate elements
SDSU College of Arts & Sciences
Middle line delineates; Black lines set boundaries
SDSU College of Arts & Sciences Mixing weights of Myriad Pro adds additional contrast
SDSU College of Arts& Sciences
Using script ampersand adds visual interest
Achieving Contrast
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Combine complementary fonts
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Vary sizes
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Vary weights
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Add lines or other graphical elements (and vary their weights, too)
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Push it until it doesn’t work, then back one step
Proximity
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Group related items together
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Closeness implies a relationship
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Emphasis/Deemphasis
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Intellectually connected AND visually connected
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Seek to make groups
Box 2235 Brookings, SD 57007
South Dakota State University
Matthew Cecil, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
605.6886511
Matthew Cecil, Ph.D. Associate Professor South Dakota State University Box 2235 Brookings, SD 57007 605.688-6511
Tips
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Avoid too many separate elements
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Don’t lump in corners, middle
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Meter your white space (White space is a GOOD thing!)
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Avoid confusion
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Unrelated: move them apart
Alignment
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Nothing is arbitrary
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Centering items = simplistic
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Avoid “centered” pages
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Find a single line and stick to it
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Goal = unity, simplicity
Matthew Cecil, Ph.D. Assistant Professor
3
1
2 Department of Journalism and Mass Communication South Dakota State University Box 2235 Brookings, SD 57007 605.688.6511
1
Matthew Cecil, Ph.D. Assistant Professor South Dakota State University Box 2235 Brookings, SD 57007 605.688-6511
Repetition
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Repetition of elements creates unity within a complex document
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Each page is not an opportunity to “redesign” the page
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But at the same time, not looking for identical pages
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Want variance of some elements (fonts, graphics, logos) but not identical pages
Balance
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Related to alignment
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Eyes, brain seek patterns
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Balance = arrangement of items so they “equal” each other
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Weight is counterbalanced
Balance
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Symmetrical balance = comfortable
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Not interesting
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Asymmetrical balance adds visual interest
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Centered text, acceptable, not ideal