Volleyball

HTTP://WWW.VOLLEYBALL.COM/ GLOSSARY

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LEARN

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TERMS

Welcome to volleyball.com's learn the terms page!!! We compiled the best information avaliable and created the most thorough volleyball terms list on the internet. Stay on top of volleyball terminology with volleyball.com. ACE - A serve that is not passable and results immediately in a point. ANTENNA - The vertical rods (normally white and red) mounted near the edges of the net. The antennas are mounted directly above the sidelines and are not-in-play. Antennas are not usually used on outdoor nets. APPROACH - Fast stride toward the net by a spiker before he jumps in the air. ASSIST - Passing or setting the ball to a teammate who attacks the ball for a kill. This stat is normally only logged for high school, college, and National/Olympic team play. ATTACK - The offensive action of hitting the ball. The attempt by one team to terminate the play by hitting the ball to the floor on the opponent's side. ATTACK BLOCK - Receiving players' aggressive attempt to block a spiked ball before it crosses the net. ATTACK ERROR - An unsuccessful attack which does one of the following: 1) the ball lands out of bounds, 2) the ball goes into the net and terminates play or goes into the net on the third hit, 3)the ball is blocked by the opposition for a point or sideout, 4) the attacker is called for a center line violation,

or 5) the attacker is called for illegal contact (lift, double hit...) on the attack. ATTACKER - Also "hitter" or "spiker." A player who attempts to hit a ball offensively with the purpose of terminating play in his or her team's favor. ATTACK LINE - A line 3m from the net that separates the front row players from the back row players. Commonly referred to as the "10-foot line." BACKCOURT - The area from the endline to the attack line. BACK SET - A set delivered behind the setter’s back, which is subsequently hit by an attacker. BACK ROW ATTACK – When a back row player attacks the ball by jumping from behind the 3m line before hitting the ball. If the back row player steps on or past the 3m line during take-off, the attack is illegal. BEACH DIG - An open hand receive of the ball, also called a "Deep Dish" BLOCK - A defensive play by one or more players meant to deflect a spiked ball back to the hitter’s court. It may be a combination of one, two or three players jumping in front of the opposing spiker and contacting the spiked ball with the hands. BUMP – a common term for forearm passing. BALL HANDLING ERROR - Any time the official calls a double hit, a thrown ball or a lift (except on a serve reception or attack). For our purposes, this category also includes any blocking errors (when an official calls a blocker for a violation

such as going into the net, centerline violation, reaching over the net, etc.). BUMP PASS - The use of joined forearms to pass or set a ball in an underhand manner. CAMPFIRE - A ball that falls to the floor in an area that's surrounded by two, three, four or more players. At the instant after the ball hits the floor, it appears as if the players are encircling and staring at a campfire. CENTER LINE - The boundary that runs directly under the net and divides the court into two equal halves. CLOSING THE BLOCK - The responsibility of the assisting blocker(s) to join the primary blocker and create an impenetrable block in which a ball cannot fit between the two individual blockers. CROSS COURT SHOT - An individual attack directed at an angle from one end of the offensive team's side of the net to the opposite sideline of the defensive team's court. CUT SHOT - A spike from the hitter's strong side that travels at a sharp angle across the net. DECOY - An offensive play meant to disguise the spiker who will receive the set. DEEP SET - Set to be hit away from the net to confuse or disrupt the timing of the blockers. DIG - Passing a spiked or rapidly hit ball. Slang for the art of passing an attacked ball close to the floor. DINK - A legal push of the ball around or over blockers.

DOUBLE BLOCK - Two players working in unison to deflect an attacked ball at the net back to the hitter’s side. DOUBLE HIT - Successive hits or contacts by the same player. (Illegal) DOUBLE QUICK - Two hitters approaching the setter for a quick inside hit. DOUBLES - A game with two players on each side, most commonly played on a sand court. DOWN BALL - A ball the blockers elect not to attempt to block because it has been set too far from the net or the hitter is not under control. A "Down Ball" is hit overhand and driven over the net with topspin while the player remains standing. "Down Ball," is usually called aloud by the defense when it becomes apparent the attacker has no chance of hitting a powerful spike. FIVE-ONE – A 6-player offensive system that uses five hitters and one setter. FIVE SET – A back set to the right front hitter. FLARE – Inside-out path of an outside spiker who hid behind a quick hitter. FLOATER - A serve which does not spin or rotate and therefore moves in an erratic path. This is similar to a "knuckle ball" pitch in baseball. FOREARM PASS - Join your arms from the elbows to the wrists and strike the ball with the fleshy part of your forearms in an underhand motion. FOUL - A violation of the rules.

FOUR SET - A set 1' from the sideline, and 1’ to 2' above the net. FOUR-TWO - A 6-player offensive system using four hitters and two setters. FREE BALL - A ball that will be returned by a pass rather than a spike. This is usually called aloud by the defense instructing players to move into serve receive positions. HELD BALL - A ball that comes to rest during contact resulting in a foul. HIT - To jump and strike the ball with an overhand, forceful shot. HITTER - Also "spiker" or "attacker" HITTING PERCENTAGE - kills vs. attempts INSIDE SHOOT - A playset or a 33. ISOLATION PLAY - Designed to isolate the attacker on a specific defender, normally to exploit a weakness or give a hitter a chance to hit against a single block. JUNGLE BALL - Any volleyball game with people who don't really know how to play volleyball. A common euphemism for this type of game is "Picnic Volleyball." JUMP SERVE - A serve that is started by the server tossing the ball into the air and jumping into and hitting the ball in its downward motion. JOUST – When 2 opposing players are simultaneously attempting to play a ball above the net.

KEY - To predict a team's next play by observation of patterns or habits. KILL - An attack that results in an immediate point or side out. LINE - The marks that serve as boundaries of a court. LINE SHOT - A ball spiked down an opponent's sideline, closest to the hitter and outside the block. LET SERVE - A serve that contacts the net. If the ball dribbles over, it's playable just like any other ball that contacts the net on the way over. If the ball fails to clear the net, it will become dead when it either hits the serving team's court, or is contacted by a player on the serving team. MIDDLE-BACK - A defensive system that uses the middle back player to cover deep spikes. MIDDLE-UP - A defensive system that uses the middle back player to cover dinks or short shots. MINTONETTE - The original name of the game of volleyball, created by William Morgan. MULTIPLE OFFENSE - A system of play using different types of sets other than just normal outside sets. OFFSIDE BLOCK - Player at the net, which is on the side away from the opponent's attack. OFF-SPEED HIT - Any ball spiked with less than maximum force but with spin.

OUTSIDE HITTER – a left-front or right-front attacker normally taking an approach which starts from outside the court OVERHAND PASS - A pass executed with both hands open, controlled by the fingers and thumbs, played just above the forehead. OVERHAND SERVE - Serving the ball and striking it with the hand above the shoulder. OVERLAP – refers to the positions of the players in the rotation prior to the contact of the ball when serving. PANCAKE - A one-handed defensive technique where the hand is extended and the palm is slid along the floor as the player dives or extension rolls, and timed so that the ball bounces off the back of the hand. PASS – see "Forearm Pass" PENETRATION – The act of reaching across and breaking the plane of the net during blocking. POINT OF SERVICE - A serve that results in a point (an ace by NCAA standards) as the serve is not returnable due to a bad pass by the receiver, this number includes aces. POWER ALLEY - A cross-court hit traveling away from the spiker to the farthest point of the court. POWER TIP – A ball that is pushed or directed with force by an attacking team. POWER VOLLEYBALL - A competitive style of volleyball started by the Japanese.

QUICK – a player approaching the setter for a quick inside hit QUICK SET – a set (usually 2’ above the net) in which the hitter is approaching the setter, and may even be in the air, before the setter delivers the ball. This type of set requires precise timing between the setter and hitter. READY POSITION - The flexed, yet comfortable, posture a player assumes before moving to contact the ball. RECEPTION ERROR - A serve that a player should have been able to return, but results in an ace (and only in the case of an ace). If it is a "husband/wife" play (where the ball splits the two receivers), the receiving team is given the reception error instead of an individual. RED CARD – a severe penalty in which an official displays a red card. The result of a red card may be a player is disqualified, the team loses the serve, or the team loses a point. A red card may be given with or without a prior yellow card as a warning; it is up to the official’s discretion. ROLL - a certain way to pass a ball in which the digger, or passer lays out an arm, passes the ball, and rolls over the shoulder (over the shoulder roll) or back (barrel roll) after passing the ball. This is a quick way to return to action after the play. ROOF - A ball that when spiked is blocked by a defensive player such that the ball deflects straight to the floor on the attacker’s side. ROTATION - The clockwise movement of players around the court and through the serving position following a side out.

SERVE - One of the six basic skills; used to put the ball into play. It is the only skill controlled exclusively by one player. SERVER - The player who puts the ball into play. SERVICE ERROR - An unsuccessful serve in which one or more of the following occurs: 1) the ball hits the net or fails to clear the net, 2) the ball lands out of bounds, or 3) the server commits a foot fault. SERVICE WINNER - A point the serving team scores when this player has served the ball. The point can be an immediate (in the case of an ace) or delayed (a kill or opponent attack error after a long rally). Therefore, the sum of the team's service winners equals their score. SET - The tactical skill in which a ball is directed to a point where a player can spike it into the opponent's court. SETTER – the player who has the 2nd of 3 contacts of the ball who "sets" the ball with an "Overhand Pass" for a teammate to hit. The setter normally runs the offense. SIDE OUT - Occurs when the receiving team successfully puts the ball away against the serving team, or when the serving team commits an unforced error, and the receiving team thus gains the right to serve. SIX PACK – Occurs when a blocker gets hit in the head or face by a spiked ball. SIX-TWO – A 6-player offense using 2 setters opposite one another in the rotation. Setter 1 becomes a hitter upon rotating into the front row as setter 2 rotates into the back row and becomes the setter.

SPIKE - Also hit or attack. A ball contacted with force by a player on the offensive team who intends to terminate the ball on the opponent's floor or off the opponent's blocker. STRONG SIDE - When a right-handed hitter is hitting from the left-front position or when a left-handed hitter is hitting from the right-front position. STUFF - A ball that is deflected back to the attacking team's floor by the opponent's blockers. A slang term for "block." TURNING IN – the act of an outside blocker turning his/her body into the court so as to ensure the blocked ball is deflected into the court and lands in-bounds. UNDERHAND SERVE – a serve in which the ball is given a slight under-hand toss from about waist high and then struck with the opposite closed fist in an "underhand pitching" motion. WEAK SIDE – When a right-handed player is hitting from right-front position or when a left-handed player is hitting from the left-front position. WIPE – when a hitter pushes the ball off of the opposing block so it lands out of bounds YELLOW CARD – a warning from an official indicated by the display of a yellow card. Any player or coach who receives two yellow cards in a match is disqualified. A single yellow card does not result in loss of point or serve.

BUILD

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Building

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Net Height: Net height is 7' 11 5/8" for men and 7' 4 1/8" for women. Co-ed competition is played on a men's height net. The official height measurement is made in the center of the net. The height of the net at the sidelines can be no more than 3/4" higher than the official height. If you're playing on sand, the measurements are made with the sand raked level, and no accomodation is made for your feet sinking in the sand. If you're playing on grass, the measurements are made to the ground, and not the top of the grass. The Site: The dimensions of a volleyball court are 29'-6" wide by 59'-0" long, measured from the outside edges of the boundary lines. In addition, you should have 10' (more is even better) clear around the boundaries. The result is a complete playing area of 49'-6" wide by 79'-0" long.

Court

Dimensions

The pole may need to be longer in the northern climates. In northern climates footing should be located below the frost line. Locating the footing of the pole below the frost line will prevent "frost heave" of the footing. Check with the local building code for the frost depth.

When planning the layout pay special attention to the direction of the court. The court should run lengthwise North/South. If the court runs East/West, the court will be virtually unusable in the early morning say, for the start of a tournament and early evenings, such as playing after work. In the morning, the team on the West side of the court stares at the morning sun and in the evening, the team occupying the East court is blinded. The area above the playing surface should be clear and free of all obstructions such as tree branches and power lines. To keep the sand in the court, where it belongs, and grass and dirt out, there are several schools of thought. The most popular solution is to line the perimeter with railroad ties. The railroad ties establish a very durable boundary, keep the sand in its place, and holds back the encroaching grass. On the downside, they pose a serious safety hazard. Some recommend padding the railroad ties with various materials such as foam pipe insulation, etc. I personally believe the

simplest way to deal with the hazard is by establishing a ground rule: "If during the play of the ball, or the continuation after playing the ball, the player touches the railroad ties or leaves the playing area, the ball is dead." This is much like an indoor rule that prevents a player from wildly chasing a ball that enters an adjacent court. Preparing

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In most areas, excavating to a depth of 3 feet will be necessary. The first and foremost safety precaution is to call your local "Diggers Hotline" and have them locate any buried power lines and utilities. Be sure to call them ahead of time, as they may need a few days notice. The best tool for the dig is a front-end loader or "bobcat" which can excavate the base evenly, remove the dirt, and also haul and spread the stone and sand. This equipment can be rented for a few hundred dollars for a weekend. If you're not up to the task of handling heavy equipment, a good landscaping company can be contracted to excavate and haul the stone and sand. Excavate the playing area to the desired depth and pitch the base to one end or corner. A drainage ditch should be dug leading away from the court at its lowest point. Once the base is excavated you can begin laying the drainage pipe. The closed end of the drainage pipe should be placed in the highest point of the excavation and should zig-zag with the open end of the pipe terminating at the lowest point. The drainage pipe should be laid with the perforated side down. This allows water to wick-in from the bottom and sides and be carried away. It is an extremely good idea to wrap the drainage pipe with landscaping fabric before laying the pipe. The landscaping fabric prevents the eventuality of sand and dirt clogging the pipe.

Locate and dig the holes for the net standards. The holes should be dug at least 3' deep and set in concrete. A couple of bag mixes per standard should do the job. Some home improvement centers carry a special "post setting mix" in which all the components for the concrete can just be dumped in the hole without prior mixing. Once the standard is located in the hole, plumb the standard in two opposing directions, and fasten supports so the post cannot move as the concrete is being dumped in the hole. Repeat this process for the opposite standard. Filling

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Once the poles are set, cover the base and drainage pipe with gravel and spread uniformly. Roll out and cover the gravel base with landscape fabric. The landscape fabric will keep the sand from filtering its way into the gravel. The final step is to spread the sand, uniformly and evenly throughout the playing area. Click Here Equipment

HISTORY

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VOLLEYBALL

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In 2008, the sport of Volleyball is 113 years old! The sport originated in the United States, and is now just achieving the type of popularity in the U.S. that it has received on a global basis, where it ranks behind only soccer among participation sports.

Today there are more than 46 million Americans who play volleyball. There are 800 million players worldwide who play volleyball at least once a week. In 1895, William G. Morgan, an instructor at the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Mass., decided to blend elements of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball to create a game for his classes of businessmen which would demand less physical contact than basketball. He created the game of Volleyball (at that time called, mintonette). Morgan borrowed the net from tennis, and raised it 6 feet 6 inches above the floor, just above the average man's head. During a demonstration game, someone remarked to Morgan that the players seemed to be volleying the ball back and forth over the net, and perhaps "volleyball" would be a more descriptive name for the sport. On July 7, 1896 at Springfield College the first game of "volleyball" was played. •

1895: William G. Morgan (1870-1942) created the game of volleyball.

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1900: a special ball was designed for the sport.

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1916: in the Philippines, an offensive style of passing the ball in a high trajectory to be struck by another player (the set and spike) were introduced.

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1917: the game was changed from 21 to 15 points.

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1920s: there are unconfirmed whispers of men’s teams playing on the beach in Hawaii, but most accounts place the sport's origin in Santa Monica, California where the first Volleyball courts are put up on the beach at the Playground. Families play 6 vs. 6..

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1920: three hits per side and back row attack rules were instituted.

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1922: the first YMCA national championships were held in Brooklyn, NY. 27 teams from 11 states were represented.

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1928: it became clear that tournaments and rules were needed, the United States Volleyball Association (USVBA, now USA Volleyball) was formed. The first U.S. Open was staged, as the field was open to nonYMCA squads.

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1930s: the first two-man beach volleyball game is played in Santa Monica, California..

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1934: the approval and recognition of national volleyball referees.

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1937: at the AAU convention in Boston, action was taken to recognize the U.S. Volleyball Association as the official National Governing Body (NGB) in the U.S.

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1947: the Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB) was founded.

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1948: the first two-man beach tournament was held.

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1949: the initial World Championships were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia.

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1964: Volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo.

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1965: the California Beach Volleyball Association (CBVA) was formed.

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1974: the World Championships in Mexico were telecast in Japan.

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1975: the U.S. National Women's team began a yearround training regime in Pasadena, Texas (moved to Colorado Springs in 1979, Coto de Caza and Fountain Valley, CA in 1980, and San Diego, CA in 1985).

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1977: the U.S. National Men's team began a yearround training regime in Dayton, Ohio (moved to San Diego, CA in 1981).

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1983: the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was formed.

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1984: the U.S. won their first medals at the Olympics in Los Angeles. The Men won the Gold, and the Women the Silver.

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1986: the Women's Professional Volleyball Association (WPVA) was formed.

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1988: the U.S. Men repeated the Gold in the Olympics in Korea.

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1989: the FIVB Sports Aid Program was created.

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1990: the World League was created.

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1995: the sport of Volleyball was 100 years old! This Web site - Volleyball.Com goes live!

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1996: 2-person beach volleyball debuted as an Olympic Sport.

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1997: Dain Blanton (with Canyon Ceman) becomes the first African-American professional beach volleyball player to win a tournament on the Miller Lite/AVP Tour.

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1998: For the first time in the FIVB World Tour, men and women players are rewarded at the same level with $170,000 in total prize money per Open event.

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1999: For the first time beach volleyball was included in the Pan American Games which were held in Canada.

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2000: Olympic Beach Volleyball Men's Gold medallists: Eric Fomoimoana & Dain Blanton (USA). The women's Beach Volleyball America (BVA) announces their inaugural season of play.

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2001: Christopher "Sinjin" Smith plays the final match of his impressive career, a 21-19 and 24-22 loss with George Roumain to Dax Holdren and Todd Rogers in the 4th round of the contender's bracket at the AVP Manhattan Beach Open. Sinjin retires as the leader in tournaments played with 416, 2nd in all-time victories with 139, and 4th in all-time winnings with over US$1.6 million earned.

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2002: Beach volleyball court dimensions reduced to 8m x 8m per side.

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2003: Karch Kiraly becomes the first player to earn US$3M in prize money and oldest player to win an AVP tournament at age 42 years, 9 months and 14 days. (You're never too old for volleyball!)

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2004: Kerri Walsh and Misty May Win the Women's Olympic Beach Volleyball Title

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2005: Olympic gold medalists Kerri Walsh and Misty May-Treanor win their second Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) Open women's title and the 2005 overall women's championship.

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2006: Elaine Youngs' second place finish (with Rachel Wacholder) in Seaside Heights pushes her career earnings past $1 million. She becomes the third American woman to achieve that mark.

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2006: In Seaside Heights, both Casey Jennings (with Matt Fuerbringer) and Kerri Walsh (with Misty MayTreanor) won titles, becoming just the second husbandwife duo to win pro beach events on the same weekend. They join Mike and Patty Dodd, who accomplished the feat four times in 1989, but each time in different locations.

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2006: Kerri Walsh and Misty May-Treanor win in Chicago as Walsh joins the millionaire club. She is the 18th person worldwide to win over $1 million in her career, and did so in fewer events (90th tournament) as well as being one of just four to reach the mark before turning 28 years old.

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2007: Misty May-Treanor passes Brazilians Adriana Behar and Shelda Bede as the winningest player since the women's competition on the international beach volleyball circuit began in 1992.

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2007: Misty May-Treanor becomes the women's alltime wins leader by capturing her 73rd victory, surpassing Holly McPeak's record by winning with Kerri Walsh in Hermosa Beach. She reached this total in just 123 tournaments -- winning 57.5% of her events.

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2007: In a championship match that lasted 1:41, Nicole Branagh and Elaine Youngs defeat Jennifer Boss and April Ross 21-19, 18-21, 16-14 in Seaside Heights. The marathon set the record for the longest match in rally

scoring, men or women, in domestic or international play. •

2007: Karch Kiraly retires to close an impressive career on the beach, leaving as the all-time wins leader and money earner. His longevity was marked by the fact he won a tournament in 24 different years, and he advanced to the semifinals in over 75% of all the events he ever played and was named as the AVP's MVP a record-most six times.

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2008: Hot Winter Nights, a series of 19 events in January and February, kicks off in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma marking the first ever indoor beach volleyball tour. Mark Williams and Nancy Mason are the first winners in the "King of the Beach format" events.

SPORTS

INJURIES

Common Volleyball Injuries Rotator

Cuff

Tendinopathy

The rotator cuff muscles control rotation of the shoulder. They consist of the infraspinatus, teres minor and supraspinatus muscles.These muscles are put under a great deal of strain especially in sports where your arm is above your head a lot. A sudden sharp pain in the shoulder would indicate a possible rupture of a tendon, while a gradual onset is more likely to be inflammation .... more info Suprascapular Neuropathy This is a condition found in Volleyball players and other

'overhead sports' where the nerve that runs along the top of the shoulder blade becomes compressed. It is thought to be caused by the "floater serve" where the player must stop the overhead follow through immediately after striking the ball. Hand Injuries Hand injuries are common when attempting to block a a spiked ball. Sprains and strains are most common, followed by fractures and contusions and dislocations with the thumb and little finger being most at risk. The metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb is the most commonly injured ligament in the hand (known as a thumb sprain ) along with finger sprains . Patella Tendinitis (Jumpers Knee) A common overuse injury resulting in pain on just below the bottom of the kneecap or patella. The patella tendon (or ligament as it is sometimes called) connects the kneecap to tibia bone. Under extreme stresses such as those involved in jumping a partial rupture can occur. This can often lead to inflammation and degeneration of the tissue. Symptoms include pain when pressing in at the bottom of the patella, aching and stiffness after training and pain when you contract the quadriceps muscles or jumping..... more info Ankle Sprain The most common type of ankle injury is a sprain. A sprain is stretching and tearing of ligaments. (You sprain a ligament and strain a muscle). The most common damage done in ankle sprain is to the talo-fibula ligament. If the injury is worse you might also damage the calcanao-fibula ligament. In addition to the ligament damage you could well have damaged tendons as well..... more info Back Injuries

Back injuries account for up to 14% of all Volleyball Injuries. The back is placed under a huge amount of strain when jumping, bending backwards and twisting. Back injuries can be complex in nature and require the attention of expert and experienced therapists.