Vital Signs Lesson Plan.docx

LESSON PLAN IN NATURAL SCIENCE

LEARNING OVERVIEW : Discusses the principles and techniques of measuring vital signs and weight. Although it may be review for most workers, many state regulatory agencies require that this material be taught annually.

LEARNING AREA: Natural Science LEARNING OBJECTIVES: The learners will be able to: A. Demonstrate correct methods of measuring vital signs and weight. B. Know how to document and report vital signs. C. Recognize normal ranges for vital signs. D.Take vital signs accurately

REAOURCES NEEDED: REFERENCE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implant_(medicine) https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/ImplantsandProsthetics/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_replacement https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=hip+replacement&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiMzqK58vrTAhUMTbwKHXiMAikQ_AUI BigB&biw=1242&bih=602#tbm=isch&q=hip+replacement+before+after&imgrc=6_MsaP3ajHy3PM: https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=hip+replacement&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiMzqK58vrTAhUMTbwKHXiMAikQ_AUI BigB&biw=1242&bih=602#tbm=isch&q=Intraocular+lens+before+%26+after&imgrc=zNEFUXbeD8exmM:

MATERIALS: watch, thermometer, BP apparatus and pictures PREPARATION: Introductory Activity -Review the previous topic, then connect it to the new topic. -Show a picture or video presentation and allow learners to express their own ideas & opinion.

FIGURE 1

FIGURE 2

FIGURE 3

Guide questions: 1. 2. 3. 4.

What have you observe from figure 1? What have you observe from figure 2? What have you observe from figure 3? Based from the 3 figures presented, what have you observe?

Learners’ answers will vary

-

Allow learners to express their brilliant ideas that will lead to the discovery of the new lesson Ask the students to think about the last time they went to the doctor. What basic things did the nurse do before the doctor saw them? Allow the students to share their experience, such as being weighed, being measured, having blood pressure and temperature taken, etc…

PRESENTATION: Learners are group according to their learning style: visual, auditory, & kinesthetic (10 minutes)

Game: Message relay Instructions: 1. 2. 3. 4.

The number of members in each group should be equal. The group will form a straight line. The teacher then whispers a same message to the groups. The first member of the line will first receive the message then relay it to the second member, and the second member will passed it to the third member, and so on… 5. The last member in the line will be the one to say the message aloud. 6. The group who can first write the message correctly on the board will have a points. (1 point per message) 7. The group who can have highest points will be the winner.

Messages:

1. Blood Pressure 2.Body Temperature 3. Respiration Rate 4. Pulse Rate 5. Normal BP 120/80 6. Vital Signs 7. Normal Body Temperature 36.5 to 37.5C 8. Vital signs provide data to determine a persons state of health 9. Normal Pulse Rate 60 to 100bpm 10. The four Vital Signs Respiration, Blood Pressure, Pulse, Temperature 11. Normal RR 12 to 20bpm 12. Body temperature is maintained within fairly constant range by the hypothalamus which is located in the brain.

13. Purpose of measuring the pulse is to establish the patient’s baseline pulse rate and access the pulse rate and measured by applying moderate pressure. 14. Purpose of measuring body temperature is to establish the patient’s baseline temperature and to monitor any abnormalities 15. Blood pressure is a measurement of the pressure or force exerted by the blood on the wall of the arteries in the heart..

ANALYSIS: Guide questions: (15 minutes) 1. How did you find the activity? - Learners’ answers will vary - Teacher’s follow-up question depend on learner’s opinion 2. What are the words in the message relay? - Learners’ answers will vary - Teacher’s follow-up question depend on learner’s idea 3. Create a concept from the words in the message relay Table 1. Vital Sign

1. Temperature

Purpose

Measuring body temperature is to establish the patient’s baseline temperature and to monitor any abnormalities

Normal Value

36.5 to 37.5C

Procedure Step1: Sanitize your hands Step 2:Use the thermometer that is color blue for oral temps only. Step 3: Place the thermometer under the patient’s arm pit ( make sure it is dry close the arm, hold it there until the it beeps. Remove the thermometer from the arm pit and put alcohol to sanitize.

The temperature reading will show up on the machine. 2.Pulse

Measuring the pulse is to establish the patient’s baseline pulse rate and access the pulse rate following special procedure and medications

60 to 100 bpm

3. Respiration

Provide for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the blood.

12 to 20bpm

4.Blood Pressure

Measurement of the pressure of force exerted by the blood on the wall of the arteries in the heart.

Place your three fingers on the radial artery which is located on the inner portion of the wrist just above the thumb Count how many heart beats you feel in one minute

120/80

You need to watch the chest rise and fall as the person breaths. You will count for one minute how many times chest falls. This how many respirations the patients has per minute

1.Sanitize your hands and select the proper cuff size 2.Place the cuff on the patients upper arm approximately one inch above the bend of the elbow. Keep the arm extended. 3. Place the chest piece of the stethoscope directly on the bend of the arm of the brachial artery. 4. Using the bulb inflate the cuff to

approximately 180 to 200. Gently release the pressure. Listen carfully. Watch the pressure gae on the B/P Cuff. You will record the first clear tapping sound which is systolic pressure, then you will record the last tapping sound which is diastolic pressure. ABSTRACTION: Lecture-Discussion of Key Concepts: (20 minutes) Assessing Vital signs Assessing vital signs or cardinal sign is a routine medical procedure. And somehow determines the internal functions of the body. And use to monitor a patient’s status to or during patient care. 1. Temperature The normal body temperature of a person varies depending on gender, recent activity, food and fluid consumption, time of day, and, in women, the stage of the menstrual cycle. Normal body temperature can range from 97.8 degrees F (or Fahrenheit, equivalent to 36.5 degrees C, or Celsius) to 99 degrees F (37.2 degrees C) for a healthy adult. A person's body temperature can be taken in any of the following ways:   

 

Orally. Temperature can be taken by mouth using either the classic glass thermometer, or the more modern digital thermometers that use an electronic probe to measure body temperature. Rectally. Temperatures taken rectally (using a glass or digital thermometer) tend to be 0.5 to 0.7 degrees F higher than when taken by mouth. Axillary. Temperatures can be taken under the arm using a glass or digital thermometer. Temperatures taken by this route tend to be 0.3 to 0.4 degrees F lower than those temperatures taken by mouth. By ear. A special thermometer can quickly measure the temperature of the ear drum, which reflects the body's core temperature (the temperature of the internal organs). By skin. A special thermometer can quickly measure the temperature of the skin on the forehead.

2. Pulse The pulse rate is a measurement of the heart rate, or the number of times the heart beats per minute. As the heart pushes blood through the arteries, the arteries expand and contract with the flow of the blood. Taking a pulse not only measures the heart rate, but also can indicate the following: 

Heart rhythm



Strength of the pulse

The normal pulse for healthy adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. The pulse rate may fluctuate and increase with exercise, illness, injury, and emotions. Females ages 12 and older, in general, tend to have faster heart rates than do males. Athletes, such as runners, who do a lot of cardiovascular conditioning, may have heart rates near 40 beats per minute and experience no problems 3. Respiration The respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute. The rate is usually measured when a person is at rest and simply involves counting the number of breaths for one minute by counting how many times the chest rises. Respiration rates may increase with fever, illness, and with other medical conditions. When checking respiration, it is important to also note whether a person has any difficulty breathing.

4. Blood Pressure Blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing against the artery walls during contraction and relaxation of the heart. Each time the heart beats, it pumps blood into the arteries, resulting in the highest blood pressure as the heart contracts. When the heart relaxes, the blood pressure falls. Two numbers are recorded when measuring blood pressure. The higher number, or systolic pressure, refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heart contracts and pumps blood through the body. The lower number, or diastolic pressure, refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heart is at rest and is filling with blood. Both the systolic and diastolic pressures are recorded as "mm Hg" (millimeters of mercury).

APPLICATION: Group Activity: Learners are group according to their learning style (5 minutes) Group into four. The group 1 will perform the Blood Pressure, Group 2 Respiration, Group 3 Pulse rate and Group 4 Temperature. And record the results.

ASSESSMENT: Formative Assessment: (5 minutes) Matching Type: Match the pictures in column I with the types of vital signs in column II, and its normal values in column III by sketching an arrow in order to connect the three columns.(3 points each number) Column I

Column II

Column III

1.)

A. Respiration Rate

a. BP 120/80

2.)

B. Blood pressure

b. 36.5 to 37.5C

3.)

C. Temperature

c. 12 to 20 bpm

4.)

D. Pulse rate

d. 60-100bpm

ASSIGNMENT: Group assignment:

Go to the Barangay Health Center , Assess 5 clients and perform the four vital signs.