Visual Basic Notes

Front-End And Back-End

Roll Number

4

Name

Himanshu

Address

WZ-45, Hari Nagar

Phone

9213222920

Save

Delete

Search

Form / Interface / Front-End

Student Roll Number 1 2 3

Name Raj Amit Rahul

Address c-65, hari nagar a-45, Ramesh ngr. c-96, Janak puri

Phone 25126633 25165263 25545298

Table / Relation / Back-End

•

DataTypes in VB

Datatype

Storage size

1. 2. 3. 4.

1 byte 2 bytes 2 bytes 4 bytes

Byte Boolean Integer Long

5. Single

4 bytes

Range 0-255 True or False -32768 to +32767 -2147483648 to +2147483647

6. 7. 8. 9.

Double Currency Decimal Date

8 bytes 8 bytes 14 bytes 8 bytes

10. Object 11. String (variable length)

4 bytes 10 bytes

12. String (fixed length) 13. Variant (numeric) 14. Variant (text)

length of string 16 bytes 22 bytes + string length

•

Or Or Or

Or Or Or

Or Or Or Or Or

Jan 1, 100 to Dec 31, 9999 Any object reference + string length 0 to approx. 2 billion 1 to approx. 65,400

Declaring & initializing Variables Dim Num as integer Num = 2557 Num = -235 Num = 32 + 7 - 3 Dim Age as byte Age = 73 Age = 12 Dim Name as string Name = “raj” Dim Name as string * 15 Name = “raj” Dim Address as string Address = “A-45, janak puri“ Dim price as single Price = 75.80 Price = 75.25 - 1.85 Dim x as Boolean x = true x = false x= 5<2 dim doj as date doj = #8-15-2005# dim x as date x = #12:45 PM# dim p as variant dim p p = “raj” p = 45 p = #8-15-2005# p = true p=45.7

….

variable length string

….

fixed length string

….

false

….

(by default variant)

Dim a, b, c as integer Variant variables

•

Literals String literals: “raj”, “a-45, hari nagar”, “845.73”, “8-15-2005” Boolean literals: True, false Date / Time literals: #8-12-2005#, #1:45 AM # Single / Double literals: 12.5#, -13.80 , +0.73, 85.2! byte / integer / long literals: +45, -33, 0, 48, 128, 85%

•

•

Type declaration characters % $ @ & # !

Integer string currency long double single

Dim x% Dim p$ Dim n#

declares x as integer variable declares p as string variable declares n as double variable

Comments

The word REM or symbol (‘) tells the visual basic that everything on that line following REM or (‘) is not the code, it is a comment and should be ignored by the compiler. REM can appear only in the beginning of the line but apostrophe (‘) can appear after a statement also. Example: Dim x% ‘declares x as integer variable REM example of a comment.

•

Variable Default Values Datatype Integer Long Single

Default Values 0 0 0

Double String Boolean Variant Date Currency

•

“

0 “ blanks/null false empty 0 0

Implicit & Explicit Variables Declaration Dim x, y P=100 Dim m as integer Option explicit

•

variant variables implicit variable (variant) explicit variable only explicit variables can be used

Defining Named Constants Syntax: [public / private] const [as type] = expression Examples: const pi = 3.14 public const a as integer = 9 const jdate = #2/1/05# public const nm = ”raj” public const x = 14, nm = “raj”

•

Operators 1. 2. 3. 4.

•

Arithmetic Operators String or Concatenation Operators Comparison Operators Logical Operators Arithmetic operators +, -, *, /, \ , mod, ^ 2+5 “daljeet” + ”singh” “91” + “6” 5/2 11/3 5\2 11\ 3 5 mod 2 11 mod 3 2 ^ 3 = 23 3 ^ 3 = 33

….

7 …. ….

…. …. …. …. …. …. …. ….

“daljeetsingh” “916” 2.5 3.66 2 3 1 2 8 27

• •

•

Concatenation operators(&) “Daljeet“ & “singh“ Comparison operators = 2=3 <> 9< >7 > 8>5 >= 5>=5 < 91<15 <= 9<=8

•

“Daljeetsingh”

…. …. …. …. …. ….

false true true true false false

….

false

Logical Operators AND, OR, NOT, XOR (5 > 7 AND 9 <= 81) false true

A False False True True

….

B False True False True

A AND B False False False True

Truth Table A OR B A XOR B False False True True True True True False

The Print Statement Syntax: Print “Message Text“ Print constant / variable / expression Example: Print “this is visual basic” Print 10 A = 30 Print A Print A * 2 / 3 Print using comma: Print 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Output: 2 3 4 5 6 Print using semicolon: Print 1;2;3;4 Output: 1234 print “hello“;“friends“ Output: hellofriends

NOT A True True False False

NOT B True False True False

•

Controls & their Properties

Control Name

Property

Label

Name Appearance Alignment Autosize Backcolor Backstyle Borderstyle Caption Enabled Font Forecolor Height Left Tooltiptext Top Visible Width

Control name

Property

Value 0 – flat 1 – 3D 0 – left justify 1 – right justify 2 – center true / false 0 – transparent 1 – opaque 0 – none 1 – fixed single true / false

true / false

Value

Textbox

Name Alignment Backcolor Enabled Font Forecolor Height Left Maxlength Multiline Passwordchar Scrollbars

Width Borderstyle Appearance Text Tooltiptext Top Visible

0 – left 1 – right 2 – center True / false

True / false 0 – none 1 – horizontal 2 – vertical 3 – both 0 – none 1 – fixed single 0 – flat 1 – 3D

true / false

Control Name

Property

Command button

Name Appearance Backcolor Caption Disabledpicture Downpicture Enabled Font Height Left Picture Style Tooltiptext Top Visible Width

Control Name

Property

Frame

Name Backcolor Borderstyle Caption Enabled Font Forecolor Height Left Tooltiptext Top Visible Width

Control Name

Property

Value 0 – flat 1 – 3D

true / false

0 – standard 1 – graphical true / false

Value 0 – none 1 – fixed single true / false

true / false

Value

Checkbox

Name Allignment Backcolor Caption Disabledpicture Downpicture Enabled Font Forecolor Height Left Picture Style Tooltiptext Top Value Visible Width

Control Name

Property

Optionbutton

Name Allignment Backcolor Caption Disabledpicture Downpicture Enabled Font Forecolor Height Left Picture Style Tooltiptext Top Value Visible Width

Control Name

Property

0 – left 1 - right

true / false

0 – standard 1 – graphical 0 – unchecked 1 – checked true / false

Value 0 – left 1 - right

true / false

0 – standard 1 – graphical true / false true / false

Value

Picturebox

Name Align

Autosize Backcolor Borderstyle Enabled Font Forecolor Height Left Picture Tooltiptext Top Visible Width

Control Name

Property

Image

Name Borderstyle Enabled Height Left Picture Stretch Tooltiptext Top Visible Width

Control Name

Property

0 - None 1 – Align top 2 – Align bottom 3 – Align left 4 – Align right True / false 0 – none 1 – fixed single true / false

true / false

Value 0 – none 1 – fixed single true / false

true / false true / false

Value

Combo box

Name Backcolor Enabled Font Forecolor Height Left List Style Text Tooltiptext Top Visible Width

Control Name

Property

Listbox

Name Backcolor Enabled Font Forecolor Height Left List Multiselect Style

Control Name

True / false

0 – Drop down combo 1 – simple combo 2 – drop down list

true / false

Value True / false

0 – none 1 – simple 2 – extended 0 – standard 1 – checkbox

Tooltiptext Top Visible Width Text

True / False

Property

Value

Hscrollbar / vscrollbar

Name Enabled Height Left Max Min Top Value Visible Width

Control Name

Property

DriveListbox

Name Backcolor Enabled Font Forecolor Height Left Tooltiptext Top Visible Width Drive

Control Name

Property

Directory list box

Name Backcolor Enabled Font Forecolor Height Left Tooltiptext Top Visible Width Path

Control Name

Property

True / false 32767 0 True / false

Value True / false

True / false

Value True / false

True / false

Value

File list box

Name Backcolor Enabled Font Forecolor Height Left Multiselect Pattern Tooltiptext Top Visible Width Path

Control Name

Property

Shape

Name Backcolor Backstyle Bordercolor Fillcolor Height Left Shape

Top Visible Width Fillstyle

Control Name

Property

Timer

Name Enabled Interval Left Top

Control Name

Property

True / False

0 – none 1 – simple 2 – extended

True / false

Value 0 – transparent 1 – opaque

0 – rectangle 1 – square 2 – oval 3 – circle 4 – rounded rectangle 5 – rounded square True / false 0 – solid 1 - transparent

Value True /False

Value

Form

Name Backcolor Caption Enabled Font Forecolor Height Left Mdichild Maxbutton Minbutton Picture Top Visible Width Windowstate

True / false

True / false True / false True / false True / False 0 – normal 1 – minimized 2 - maximized

Events •

Event refers to the occurrence of an activity.

•

Some useful events

1.

8. 9.

Click:- When the user clicks the primary mouse button on an object. Change:- When the user modifies text in combo box or text box. Gotfocus:- When an object receives focus. Lostfocus:-When an object loses focus. Keypress:- The user presses and releases a keyboard key while an object has focus. Keyup:- When the user releases a keyboard key when an object has focus. Dragdrop:- The use drags an object to another location. Dragover:- The user drags an object over another control. Form_load: - When the form loads for execution in memory.

•

Setting the Properties

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

The controls that you draw on your form, have some properties associated with them. The properties can be set by two different ways. 1. At design time 2. At run time. 1. Properties can be set at design time using properties window.

2. Setting properties at run time. • Setting the Alignment property Example: Label1.alignment = 0 Or Text1.alignment = 1 • Setting Appearance property Example: Label1.appearance =1 Or Command1.appearance = 1 Or Option1.appearance = 0 • Setting Autosize Property Example: Label1.autosize = true Or Label1.autosize = false Or Picture1.autosize = true • Setting the backcolor property Example: Label1.backcolor = RGB(100, 125, 190)

0-255 (red)

0-255(green)

Or text1.backcolor = RGB(50, 50, 100) Or text1.backcolor = VbRed

0-255( blue)

• Setting Backstyle Property Example: Label1.Backstyle = 0 Or Label1.backstyle = 1 •

Setting Borderstyle Property Example: Label1.Borderstyle = 0 Or Label1.Borderstyle = 1

• Setting the Enabled Property Example Text1.enabled = true Or Label1.enabled = false • Setting caption property Example: Label1.caption = “this is my name” Or Command1.caption = “click me” Setting forecolor property Example: Label1.forecolor = RGB( 100, 255, 70) Or Label1.forecolor = VbBlue • Setting Height Property •

Example: Label1.height = 100 Or Command1.height = 200 • Setting the tooltiptext property Example: Text1.tooltiptext = “This is a text box” • Setting the text property Example: Text1.text = “Amit sharma” • Setting the visible property Example:

Label1.visible = true Or Text1.visible = false • Setting the width property Example: Text1.width = 250 Or Command1.width = 100 • Setting the style property Example: Command1.style = 0 Or Option1.style = 1 • Setting the picture property Example: Check1.picture = loadpicture ( “c:\abc.gif”) Or Command1.picture = loadpicture ( “c:\abc.gif”) Or Option1.picture = loadpicture ( “c:\abc.gif”) Or Picture1.picture = loadpicture ( “c:\abc.gif”) • Setting the disabledpicture and downpicture property Example: Command1.disabledpicture = loadpicture(“c:\abc.gif”) Or Command1.downpicture = loadpicture(“c:\abc.gif”) • Setting the value property of checkbox Example: Check1.value = 0 Or Check1.value = 1 • Setting the value property of option button Example: Option1.value = true Or Option1.value = false • Setting the stretch property of image control Example

Image1.stretch = true Or Image1.stretch = false • Setting the max/min property of Hscrollbar / Vscrollbar Example Hscroll1.max = 100 Hscroll1.min = 1 Vscroll1.max = 100 Vscroll1.min = 1 • Setting the fillstyle and fillcolor property Example: Shape1.fillstyle = 0 Shape1.fillcolor = RGB(100, 150, 200) • Setting the Shape Property of Shape control Example: Shape1.shape = 1 Or Shape1.shape = 3 • Setting the windowstate property of form Example: Form1.windowstate = 0 Or Form1.windowstate = 1 Some Examples: Example1:- Loading a picture in the picture box at run time. Picture Box

Load

Command Button (cmdload) Private sub cmdload_click() Picture1.picture = loadpicture (“c:\abc.gif”) End sub Example2: – Loading a picture in the image control at run time. Image control(image1)

Load

Command Button( cmdload ) Private sub cmdload_click() Image1.picture = loadpicture (“c:\abc.gif”) End sub Example3: List Box ListBox (list1)

Enter Your Name Add

Listcount

Delete

Listindex

Clear

Display

Private sub cmdadd_click() List1.additem text1.text End sub Private sub cmddel_click() List1.removeitem list1.listindex End sub Private sub cmdclear_click() List1.clear End sub Private sub cmdcount_click() Msgbox List1.listcount End sub Private sub cmdindex_click() Msgbox list1.listindex End sub Private sub cmddisp_click() Msgbox list1.text End sub • Adding an item in the list box List1.additem “Ravi” List1.additem text1.text • Removing an item from the list box

List1.removeitem 0 List1.removeitem list1.listindex Example 4: Hscrollbar / Vscrollbar application Hscroll1

Sum

Command Button (cmdsum)

vscroll1

Private sub hscroll1_change() Text1.text = hscroll1.value End sub Private sub Vscroll1_change() Text2.text = vscroll1.value End sub Private sub cmdsum_click( ) Dim a as integer, b as integer a = val (text1.text) b = val (text2.text) text3.text = a + b End sub

Example 5 : Shape Control Application Shape Control (shape1)

Rectangle

Square

Oval

Circle

Rounded Rectangle

Rounded square

Private sub cmdrect_click( ) Shape1.shape = 0 End sub Private sub cmdsquare_click( ) Shape1.shape = 1 End sub Private sub cmdoval_click( ) Shape1.shape = 2 End sub Private sub cmdcircle_click( ) Shape1.shape = 3 End sub Private sub cmdroundrect_click( ) Shape1.shape = 4 End sub Private sub cmdroundsquare_click( ) Shape1.shape = 5 End sub

Example 6 : Drive, Directory and file list box Drive1 directory1

file1

C: C:\ Program Files ………. ………. ……….

Abc.dll Rmn.dll Pqr.exe ……… ……… ………

Enter the pattern

Private sub drive1_change( ) Dir1.path = drive1.drive End sub Private sub dir1_change( ) File1.path = dir1.path End sub Private sub text1_change( ) File1.pattern = text1.text End sub Example 7: Timer application.

Label1

Reset Timer1

cmdreset

Set the following properties: Timer1.interval = 1000 Label1 - > font = MS sans serif, bold, 18

Dim I as integer Private sub cmdreset_click( ) I=0 End sub Private sub timer1_timer ( ) Label1.caption = i I=I+1 End sub Example 7: Option Button Application.

Percentage

90

80

70

60

Click

lblgrade

cmdgrade

Private sub cmdgrade_click( ) If optone.value = true then Lblgrade.caption = “ The grade is A” Else if opttwo.value = true then Lblgrade.caption = “ The grade is B” Else if optthree.value = true then Lblgrade.caption = “ The grade is C” Else if optfour.value = true then Lblgrade.caption = “ The grade is D” End if End sub Private sub form_load( ) Optone.value = false Opttwo.value = false

Optthree.value = false Optfour.value = false End sub • Manipulating forms • Setting the startup form To change the startup form 1. Goto project menu - > project peoperties 2. Select General Tab 3. In startup object listbox select the form 4. Click Ok • Loading and unloading the forms Load form1 Unload form1 Unload me • Showing and Hiding forms Form1.show Form2.show Form1.hide Me.hide • Assigning the Access key Command buttons can be used by clicking on them or by pressing the alt + < access key >. To assign a keyboard access key to command button place ampersand( &) in front of the letter that is to be used as access key, while setting the caption property of the command button.

Control Structures in VB •

Control Flow:

1. 2. 3.

Sequence Selection Iteration

The if statement: Syntax: if (condition) then statements end if

Example: If (a>10) then Print ”Raj” End if •

The if…. Then… else statement Syntax: If (condition) then statements else statements End if

Example:

Text1

Enter the marks

Result cmdresult Private sub cmdresult_click( ) Dim m as integer m = val (text1.text) if (m >= 40) then print ”you are passed” else print ”you are failed” end if End sub

• If …then… else if statement Syntax: If (condition) then statements else if (condition) then statements else if (condition) then statements . . . else statements End if

Example: Text1 Enter a number

Print day cmdprintday Private sub cmdprintday_click( ) Dim x as integer X = val(text1.text) If(x = 1) then Msgbox ”Sunday” else if (x = 2) then Msgbox ”Monday” else if (x = 3) then Msgbox ”Tuesday” else if (x = 4) then Msgbox ”Wednesday” else if( x = 5) then Msgbox ”Thursday” else if (x = 6) then

Msgbox ”Friday” else if (x = 7) then Msgbox ”Saturday” Else Msgbox ”Invalid choice” End if End sub

• Nested ifs Example: If ( x > 7) then If( y <= 8) then Print ”Ravi” Else Print ”Amit” End if Else If (P <> 71) then Print ”vishvas” Else Print ”Raj” End if End if •

Compound if: Example: If ( x > 7 AND y <> 75) then Print ”Vicky” Else Print ”Raj” End if

Example: If( x >= 91 OR p <> 83) then Print ”Rishabh” Else Print ”Amrita” End if •

The iif( ) function: Syntax: iif(condition, value1, value2)

Example: Dim num1 as integer, num2 as integer, big as integer

Num1 = 7 Num2 = 81 Big = iif (num1 >= num2, num1, num2) •

Select case statement: If

1. 2. 3. 4.

Select case

if x = 1 if x > 7 if x < 7 if x >= 7 AND x <= 20

case1 case is > 7 case is < 7 case 7 to 20

Example 1: Text1 Enter a number

Print day cmdprintday Private sub cmdprintday_click( ) dim m as integer m = val( text1.text ) select case m case 1: Msgbox ”Sunday” case 2 Msgbox ”Monday” case 3 Msgbox ”Tuesday” case 4: Msgbox ”Wednesday” case 5: Msgbox ”Thursday” case 6: Msgbox”Friday” case 7: Msgbox”Saturday” case else Msgbox ”Invalid choice” End select End sub

Example 2:

Text1 Enter the marks

Result cmdresult Private sub cmdresult_click( ) Dim m as integer M = val( text1.text ) Select case m Case is < 50 Msgbox ”Fail” Case is < 60: Msgbox ”Grade B” Case is < 75: Msgbox ”Grade A” Case else: Msgbox ”Grade A+” End select End sub

Example 3: txtmonth Enter the month no.

No. of days cmdnod Private sub cmdnod_click( ) Dim n as integer n = val ( txtmonth.text ) select case n

case 1,3,5,7,8,10,12 Msgbox ”31 days in the month” case 2 Msgbox ”28 days in the month” Case 4,6,9,11 Msgbox ”30 days in the month” End select End sub •

Looping Structures: 1. 2.

3.

1.

For…Next Do loop (a) Do while…loop (b) Do…loop while (c ) Do until…loop (d) Do…loop until while…wend

For…next Example: For i = 1 to 10 step 1 Print “Raj” Next i

Example: For i = 7 to 22 step 2 Print “abc” Next i

Example: For x = 17 to 1 step -3 Print “raj” Next x

2.(a) Do while…loop Example: x=1 Do while (x < = 10) Print “xyz” x=x+1 loop

Example: x = 10 Do while (x > = 1)

Print “xyz” x=x-1 loop

Example: x=1 Do while (x < = 20) Print “raj” x=x+2 loop

2.(b) Do…loop while Example: x=1 do print “ABC” x=x+1 loop while (x <= 10)

Example: x = 10 do print “raj” x=x-1 loop while (x >= 1)

2.(c) Do until…loop While

Until

x < 10 x <= 10 x>1 x >= 1 x < >1 x=1

x >= 10 x > 10 x <= 1 x<1 x=1 x <> 1

Example: x=1 do until x > 10 print “Raj” x=x+1 loop

Example: x = 10 do until x < 1 print “Raj” x=x-1

loop

2.(d) Do…loop until Example: x=1 do print “Raj” x=x+1 loop until > 10

Example: x = 10 do print “Raj” x=x-1 loop until x < 1

3. While wend Example: x=1 while x <= 10 print “raj” x=x+1 wend

Example: x = 10 while x >= 1 print “raj” x=x-1 wend

• Nested loops Example: for I = 1 to 3 step 1 for j = 1 to 5 step 1 print "raj"

next j next i Example: i=1 do while i<=3 j=1 do while j<=5 print "raj" j=j+1 loop i=i+1 loop

• Exiting from loops

• Exit For • Exit Do Example: (Exit For) for i=1 to 10 step 1 if (I = 7) then Exit for End if print i next i Example: (Exit do) x=1 do while x<=10 if(x=7) then Exit do End if print x x=x+1 loop

• Arrays

Array is a collection of variables of same type that are referenced by a common name. Example: Private sub Command1_Click() dim a(4) as integer dim i as integer for i=0 to 4 step 1 a(i) = inputbox "enter a number " next i for i=0 to 4 step 1 print a(i) next i

End Sub dim x(1 to 5) as integer dim x(5 to 9) as integer

• Redim statement Example: Private sub Cmdprint_Click( ) dim a( ) as integer dim i as integer redim a(4) for i=0 to 4 step 1 a(i) = inputbox "Enter a number" next i for i=0 to 4 step 1 print a(i) next i redim a(9) print "array after re-dimensioning " for i=0 to 9 step 1 print a(i) next i End sub

• Preserve statement

Redim preserve a(9)

• Procedures & Functions Types of Procedures 1. Sub Procedures 2. Function Procedures 3. Property Procedures 1. Sub Procedures: A sub procedure or subroutine or sub is a procedure that performs a specific task but does not return a value.

Example: Procedure without arguments

Print message

cmdprintmessage Private sub cmdprintmessage_click( ) print "Raj" print "Daljeet" disp or call disp print “ravi” print "kailash" call disp print "vishal" End sub Private sub disp( ) print "Harish" print "Manish" print "Vicky" End sub Example: Procedures with arguments Enter a number Enter second number

text 1 text 2

Result is sum

text 3

cmdsum Private sub cmdsum_click( ) dim x as integer, y as integer x = val (text1.text) y = val(text2.text) call findsum (x, y) or findsum x, y findsum x …. Error findsum x, 5, y …. Error End sub Private sub findsum (n as integer, m as integer) text3.text = n + m End sub 2. Function Procedures: A function is a procedure that performs a specific task and returns a value.  Types of Functions 1. User Defined Functions 2. Built in Functions or Library Functions

Example: Enter a number

Text1

Enter a second number

Text2

Result is

Text3

Sum

cmdsum Private sub cmdsum_click( ) dim x as integer, y as integer, z as integer x = val(text1.text) y = val(text 2.text) z = findsum(x, y) text3.text = z End sub Private function findsum (n as integer, m as integer) as integer findsum = n + m End function

• Passing Parameters to Procedures 1. Call by Value (pass by value) ……………….Byval 2. Call by Reference (pass by reference) ..……Byref Example:

cmdprint

Print Private sub cmdprint_click( ) dim x as integer x=5 print x call change(x) or change x print x End sub Private sub change (Byref n as integer) n=100 print n End sub

…. …. ….

5 100 100

• Using Optional Arguments Enter first number

Text1

Enter second number

Text2

Result is

Text3

sum

cmdsum

Private sub cmdsum_click( ) dim x as integer, y as integer x = val(text 1.text) y = val(text 2.text) findsum x, y findsum x findsum findsum 2, y, 5 …. error End sub Private sub findsum (optional n as integer = 70, optional m as integer = 80) text3.text = n + m End sub

• Exiting from Procedures 1. Exit Sub 2. Exit Function Enter a no. check cmdcheck Private sub cmdcheck_click( ) dim x as integer x = val(text1.text) call samplepro(x) End sub Private sub samplepro (n as integer ) if (n > 50) then msgbox "you have got a car" else Exit sub

text1

End if End sub

• Library Functions • String Functions: 1. Lcase and Ucase Functions Print Ucase(“hello”) Print Lcase (“HELLO”) Text1.text = Ucase(text1.text) Text1.text = Lcase(text1.text) 2. Len Function dim x as integer x = len(“raj”) print x x = len(text1.text) print x print len(“Rajeev”)

-

-

3

-

6

3. Trim, Ltrim, and Rtrim functions Text1.text = Ltrim(“ daljeet”) Text1.text = Rtrim(“sandeep ”) Text1.text = trim(“ amit arora Text1.text = trim(text1.text) Text1.text = rtrim(text1.text) 4. Left and Right functions dim n as string, m as string m = “daljeet” n = right(m, 4) print n m = “raj arora” print left (m,3) 5. Mid function dim x as string, y as string x = “raj kumar arora” y = mid (x, 5, 5) print y print (x,11, 5) -

HELLO hello

”)

-

jeet

-

raj

-

kumar arora

6. Instr function

dim searchstring as string, searchchar as string, mypos searchstring = “XXpXXpXXPXXP” searchchar = “P” mypos = instr (4, searchstring, searchchar, 1) -

6

mypos = instr(1, searchstring, searchchar, 0) mypos = instr(searchstring, searchchar) mypos = instr(searchstring, ”w”) 7. Space Function dim p as string p = “raj” & space(10) & ”puri” print p

-

8. String Function dim x as string x = string(10, ”a”) print x x = string (5, ”ABC”) print x 9. Str Function dim x as string, y as string x = str(1205) y = str(1305) print 12 + 15 print str(12) + str(15) print “12” + “15”

-

-

-

9 9 (0) not found

raj

“aaaaaaaaaa”

“AAAAA”

“1205” “1305”

27 1215 -

1215

10.Asc Function dim x as integer x = asc(“A”) print x 65 print asc(“Abc”) 65 x = asc(“a”) print x 97 ASCII Values American Standard Codes For Information Interchange. “A” to “Z” 65 to 90 “a” to ”z” 97 to 122 “0” to “9” 48 to 57 11.Chr Function dim x as string x = chr(65) print x A print chr(66) B x = chr(98) print x b 12.Strreverse Function Dim x as string x = “Neeraj“

puri

Print strreverse(x) Print strreverse (“neeraj”) Text1.text = strreverse(text1.text)

jareeN jareen

• Numeric Functions 1. Int & Fix Functions print int(14.1) print int(14.6) print int(-14.1) print int(-14.6)

…. …. …. ….

14 14 –15 –15

print cint(14.1) print cint(14.6) print cint(-14.1) print cint(-14.6)

…. …. …. ….

14 15 –14 –15

print fix(14.1) print fix(14.6) print fix(-14.1) print fix(-14.6)

…. …. …. ….

14 14 –14 –14

2. Sgn Function if number is greater than 0 equal to 0 less than 0 print sgn(-5) print sgn(0) print sgn(10) x = sgn (-5) print x

Sgn function returns 1 0 -1 …. …. ….

-1 0 1

….

-1

3. Val( ) Function print 2+5 print “2” + ”5” print val(“2”) + val(“5”) print val(“18th Road”)

…. …. …. ….

7 25 7 18

4. Rnd Function Text1.text = rnd(1) Or print rnd(3) To produce a random number within the given range. int ((upperbound – lowerbound + 1) * rnd + lowerbound) Example: (To produce a random number between 1 and 6) dim x as integer

Or

x = int ((6 – 1 + 1) * rnd + 1) x = int (( 6 * rnd) + 1)

• Date and Time Functions 1. Now( ) Function print now( ) Or print now

.…

2. Date and Date$ Functions Print date …. Print date$ …. -

Date Variant Uses ”/” Do not places 0 Do not appends 19 or 20 before year 3. Time and Time$ Functions Print time …. Print time$ ….

1/17/06 11:25:50 AM

1/17/04 01-17-2004 Date$ String Uses “-“ Places 0 Appends 19 or 20 before year 9:11:50 PM 21:11:50

Time Time$ Variant String 12 hour 24 hour 4. Datepart Function Syntax: Datepart (interval, validdate) Interval yyyy year q quarter m month y day of the year d day w weekday ww week h hour n minute s second Example: dim x as date x = #1/17/2006# Print datepart (“m”, x) Print datepart(“yyyy”, now) -

1 2006

5. Day, Month and Year Functions Print day(date) Print month (date) Print year(date) dim x as date x = #1/19/2006# print year(x) print day(x) -

17 1 2006 2006 19

6. Hour, Minute and Second Functions dim x as date x = #12:10:41 AM# Print hour(x) Print minute(x) Print second(x) Print minute(now)

12 10 41

7. Timer( ) Function Print timer Or Text1.text = timer( ) 8. Dateadd and Datediff Functions Syntax: Dateadd (interval, number, olddate) Example: x = dateadd(“y”, 25, now) Or x = dateadd(“yyyy”, 3, now) Datediff Function Syntax: Datediff(interval, date1, date2) Example: x = #1/17/2006# y = #2/25/2004# n = datediff (“yyyy”, x, y)

print n • Miscellaneous Functions

….

2

1. Isdate( ) Function dim x as integer, y as string x = 10 y = “12/17/2005” print isdate(x) print isdate(y)

.… .…

false true

2. Isnumeric( ) Function print isnumeric(x)

….

true

print isnumeric(y)

….

false

…. ….

2 8

3. Isempty( ) Function 4. Isnull( ) Function 5. Vartype( ) Function Example: dim x as integer, y as string Print vartype (x) Print vartype (y) 6. Inputbox( ) Function Syntax: Inputbox (prompt [,title] [,default] [,xpos] [,ypos]…) Example: p = inputbox(“Enter the number“, “My Project”, 10, 100, 200) 7. Msgbox( ) Function Syntax: Msgbox (prompt [,buttons] [,title]) Example: Msgbox (“A Trial Message“) x = Msgbox (“Do you wish to continue:“, 4 + 32, “My Project”)