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Vermont in Transition:

A Summary of Social Economic and Environmental Trends A study by

Center for Social Science Research at Saint Michael’s College Vince Bolduc, Ph. D. and Herb Kessel, Ph. D. for the

Council on the Future of Vermont December 2008

Chapter 1:

POPULATION ~ APPENDIX The Appendix for this chapter contains the following charts: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Population Density Per Square Mile,Vermont and United States, 1960-2006 Rate of Population Growth, by Decades,Vermont and United States, 1900-2002 Rate of Population Growth, by Year,Vermont and United States, 1981-2006 Percent of High School Graduates Who Plan to Attend College Out-of-State,Vermont, 1988-2007 Immigrants Admitted to Vermont with Legal and Resident Status, 1988-2006 Number of Refugees Resettled in Vermont, 1989-2008 Country of Origin of Refugees, 1989-2008 Percent of the Population that Self Identifies as White,Vermont and United States, 1900-2006 Stacked Bar Charts by Percent of Age Categories,Vermont, 1980-2007 Median Age,Vermont and United States, 1980-2007 Percent of Households with Individuals Living Alone,Vermont and United States, 1940-2000 Types of Households,Vermont, 2000 Percent of All Families that Have Children,Vermont and United States, 1960-2006 Marriages and Divorces Per 1,000 Population,Vermont and United States, 1980-2006 Number of Civil Unions and Percent In-State,Vermont, 2000-2006

Vermont Council on   Rural Development  43 State Street., PO Box 1384  Montpelier, VT  05601‐1384  (802) 223‐6091  [email protected];    http://www.vtrural.org  Vermont in Transition: Chapter 1 Population Appendix ~

Chart 1-1 Population Density Per Square Mile Vermont and United States 1960 to 2006

Chart 1-3 Rate of Population Growth, by Year Vermont and United States 1981-2006 1.8% 1.6%

100 Number of people

1.4%

90

1.2%

80

1.0%

70

0.8%

60

0.6% 0.4%

50

0.2%

40

Verm ont

Chart 1-2 Rate of Population Growth, by Decades Vermont and United States 1900-2002 23%

Vermont

20 05

20 03

20 01

19 99

19 97

19 95

19 93

19 91

19 89

19 87

19 85

19 83

United States

Source: Bureau of the Census, Population Estimates, vari-

Rateof growth

19 81

200 6

200 0

199 0

198 0

197 0

196 0

0.0%

United States

Source: Department of Public Health, Division of Health Surveillance, Michael

Chart 1-4 Percent of VT High School Graduates Who Plan to Attend College Out-of-State

18% 13%

60% 55%

8%

50% 3%

45% 40%

19 00 -1 91 0 19 20 -1 93 0 19 40 -1 95 0 19 60 -1 97 0 19 80 -1 99 0 20 00 -2 00 2

-2%

Vermont

United States

*Note: The last interval is only two years. Source: Bureau of the Census, Special Publication, Demographic Trends in the 20th Century.

2 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 1: Population Appendix

35% 30% 25% 20% 1988 1990 1992 1994 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 Source: Senior Surveys of high school seniors, various years, Vermont Student Assistance Corporation.

Chart 1-5 Immigrants Admitted to Vermont With Legal Status 1988-2006

Chart 1-7 Country of Origin of Refugees

Near East

1,200

Other

1,000 800

Eastern Europe

Former Soviet Union

600 400 200 8

1

4

7

0

3

6

198

199

199

199

200

200

200

0

Africa Southeast Asia

Source: Department of Homeland Security, Office of Immigration Statistics, “Yearbook of Immigration Statistics.”

Source: Vermont Refugee Resettlement Program, 2008.

Chart 1-6 Number of Refugees Resettled in Vermont 1989-2008 500

Chart 1-8 Percent of Population that Self Identifies as White Vermont and United States 1900-2006 120%

400

110%

300

100% 90%

200 80% 70%

100

19 00 19 10 19 20 19 30 19 40 19 50 19 60 19 70 19 80 19 90 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06

60%

Source: Vermont Refugee Resettlement Program, 2008.

20 05

20 03

20 01

19 99

19 97

19 95

19 93

19 91

19 89

0

Vermont

United States

Source: Bureau of the Census, Special Publication, Demographic Trends in the 20th Century.

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 1 Population Appendix ~ 3

Chart 1-9 Stacked Bar Charts by Percent of Age Categories Vermont 1980-2007

Chart 1-10 Median Age Vermont and United States 1980-2007

100%

45

90%

40

80%

35

70%

30

60%

25

50%

20 40%

15

30%

10

20%

5

10%

0

Under 18

18-29

30-44

45-64

20 06

20 02 20 04

19 98 20 00

19 94 19 96

19 90 19 92

19 86 19 88

19 82 19 84

19 80

0%

65+

Source: Department of Public Health, Division of Health Surveillance, Michael Nyland-Funke: Public Health Analyst

4 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 1: Population Appendix

Vermo nt

United States

Source: Department of Public Health, Division of Health Surveillance, Michael Nyland-Funke: Public Health Analyst; and Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstracts of the United States and “American Community Survey,” various years. Calculations of Vermont medians done by the Center for Social Science Research, Saint Michael’s College, based on yearly population estimates by the Department of Public Health.

Chart 1-13 Percent of All Families with Children

Chart 1-11 Percent of Households with Individuals Living Alone Vermont and United States 1940-2000

Vermont and United States 1960-2006 60%

57.0%

30%

55.1%

55%

52.1%

25%

48.9%

50%

48.0%

20%

47.0%

45% 15%

40% 10%

35% 5%

1970

1980

1990

2000

Vermont

United States

Source: Bureau of the Census Bureau, Census of Housing, “Historical Census

20 06

1960

Vermont

20 00

1950

19 90

1940

19 80

0%

19 70

19 60

30%

United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, various decennial censuses and the 2006 Ameri-

Chart 1-12 Types of Households Vermont 2000

Chart 1-14 Marriages and Divorces Per 1,000 Population 12

9,078 16,146

1,689 1,933

9

6

22,272 3

126,413 63,112

Source: Bureau of the Census; “Married Couple and Unmarried Partner

0 1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

U.S. Marriage

VT Marriage

U.S. Divorce

VT Divorce

2005

Source: Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2008; and Vermont Department of Public Health, Vital Statistics Reports.

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 1 Population Appendix ~ 5

Chart 1-15 Number of Civil Unions and Percent In-State Vermont 2000-2004 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600

22%

400

13%

10%

200

10%

22%

0 2000

2001 Percent In-State

2002

2003

2004

Total Civil Unions

Source: Vermont Department of Public Health, Vital Statistics Reports.

6 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 1: Population Appendix

Vermont in Transition:

A Summary of Social Economic and Environmental Trends A study by

Center for Social Science Research at Saint Michael’s College Vince Bolduc, Ph. D. and Herb Kessel, Ph. D. for the

Council on the Future of Vermont December 2008

Chapter 2:

ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE ~ APPENDIX The Appendix for this chapter contains the following charts: 1. 2.

Air Quality Index, Chittenden County,VT. 1998 and 2007 Ozone Running 3-Year Averages of Annual, Fourth Maximum 8-Hour Averages, Concentration in Parts Per Million, 1991-2006 3. Total Phosphorus in Lake Champlain and Missisquoi Bay, 1992-2007 4. Changes in Phosphate Levels in Lake Champlain and Four Tributaries, 1992 and 2007 5. Sea Lamprey Wounding Rates on Lake Trout and Atlantic Salmon in Lake Champlain, 1985-1988, 20022007 6. Aquatic Invasive Species, Threats to Lake Champlain from Connected Waterways, 2008 7. Health and Vigor of Forests as Indicated by Changes to Average Crown Condition, Vermont, 1986 and 1996 8. Health and Vigor of Sugar Maple Based on Crown Dieback,Vermont, 1991 and 1996 9. Deer Harvest Trends; Total and Buck Harvest,Vermont, 1995-2007 10. Diversion as Percent of Vermont Municipal Solid Waste Generation, and Per Capita MSW Generation in Pounds/Day, 1987, 1994, 1998-2006 11. Heating Degree-Days and Cooling Degree-Days, Burlington and Vermont, 1892-2007 12. Summary of Precipitation and Snowfall, Burlington,Vermont, Northeast, 1895-2007

Vermont Council on   Rural Development  43 State Street., PO Box 1384  Montpelier, VT  05601‐1384  (802) 223‐6091  [email protected];    http://www.vtrural.org 

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 2: Environment and Climate Appendix ~

Chart 2-3: Total Phosphorous in Lake Champlain and Missisquoi Bay 1992 to 2007

400

0.07

350

0.06

300

0.05

250

0.04

mg/L

Days

Chart 2-1: Air Quality Index Chittenden County, VT 1998 and 2007

200

0.03

150 0.02

100 0.01

50

1998

06

07 20

04

03

02

05

20

20

20

20

01

20

99

00

20

20

97

96

98

19

19

19

95

19

94

19

Chart 2-4: Changes in Phosphate Levels in Lake Champlain and Four Tributaries 1992 and 2007 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02

Source: Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation, Air Pollution

2 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 2: Environment and Climate Appendix

ay B

Ba y

M is si sq uo i

M is si sq uo i

La m oi ll e

W in oo sk i

la tte La P

1992

Bu rl i ng to n

Be nnington Unde r hill NAAQS 8 -Hour S ta nda rd = 0 .0 8 ppm

M ai n

05 20

03 20

01 20

99 19

97 19

95 19

93

La ke

0

19

91

0.1 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0

M iss isquoi Bay

Source: State of the Lake and Ecosystem Indicators Report – 2008, Lake Champlain Basin Program, http://www.lcbp.org/PDFs/SOL2008-web.pdf, pg.

Phosphate Levels (ppm)

Chart 2-2: Ozone Running 3-Year Averages of Annual Fourth Maximum 8-Hour Averages Concentration in Parts per Million

19

19

M ain Lake

2007

Source: United States Environmental Protection Agency. Air Data,

Concentration, parts per million

19

92

Unhealthy f or Sensitive Groups

19

Good

93

0

0

2007

Source: Vermont Water Quality Division, Agency of Natural Resources, Lake Champlain Long-Term Monitoring, Lake Station Data

Chart 2-5: Sea Lamprey Wounding Rates on Lake Trout and Atlantic Salmon Lake Champlain

Chart 2-6: Aquatic Invasive Species Threats to Lake Champlain from Connected Waterways

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1985-1992 (A verage)

2002

2004

Lak e Tr out

Salm on

Lak e Tr out Obje ctive

Salm on Obje ctive

2006

Source: Lake Champlain Basin Program, “State of the Lake and Ecosystem Indicators Report, 2008,” Lake Champlain Basin Program, http://www.lcbp.org/PDFs/ SOL2008-web.pdf, pg. 25 * Lake trout in the 533-633 mm (21.0-24.9 inches) length interval. For lake trout, pre-control included 1982-92, while experimental control includes 1993-97.* Salmon in the 432-533 mm (17.0-21.0 inches) length interval. For salmon, precontrol included 1985-92, while experimental control includes 1993-98.

Source: State of the Lake and Ecosystem Indicators Report – 2008, Lake Champlain Basin Program, http://www.lcbp.org/PDFs/SOL2008-web.pdf, pg. 28

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 2: Environment and Climate Appendix ~ 3

Chart 2-7: Health and Vigor of Forests as Indicated by Changes to Average Crown Condition Vermont 1986 and 1996

88% 86% 84% 82% 80% 78% 76% 74% 72% 1986

1996

Source: Vermont Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation, The Vermont Forest Resources Plan 1999-2008, Assessment Report and Key

25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07

Number of deer harvested

90%

Chart 2-9: Deer Harvest Trends; Total and Buck Harvest Vermont

Buck Harvest

Total Harvest

Source: Vermont Agency of Natural Resources, Fish and Wildlife Department.

Chart 2-8: Health and Vigor of Sugar Maple Based on Crown Dieback 86% 86% 85% 84% 83% 82%

81%

81% 80% 79% 78% 1991

1996

Source: Vermont Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation, The Vermont Forest Resources Plan 1999-2008, Assessment Report and Key Indicators, Key Forest Indicators, http://www.vtfpr.org/forplan/keyforest.htm , 29

4 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 2: Environment and Climate Appendix

Chart 2-10: Diversion as Percent of Vermont Municipal Solid Waste Generation and Per Capita MSW Generation in Pounds/Day

40.00%

Chart 2-12: Summary of Precipitation and Snowfall data 1895-2007

6.0

35.00%

5.0

20.00%

3.0

15.00%

2.0

Pounds/Day

4.0

10.00% 1.0

5.00%

Diversion

20 06

20 05

20 04

20 03

20 02

20 01

20 00

19 99

19 98

0.0 19 94

0.00%

Per Capita MSW Generation in Pounds/Day

Source: Vermont Department of Health, Fish and Wildlife, 2001 State of Vermont Revised Solid Waste Management Plan

Chart 2-11 Heating degree-days (HDD) and Cooling degree-days (CDD) data 1892-2007 Years

Location

CDD Average 463

HDD Trend

Burlington

CDD Trend + 79

- 61

HDD Average 7707

1892-2007 1987-2007

Burlington

+ 30

536

+ 91

7181

1987-2007

Vermont

- 26

418

+3

7629

Snowfall Trend (inche s)

Average Snowfall (inches)

Years

Location

18952007

Vermont

+ 2.1

40.9

**

**

19872007

Vermont

+ 7.7

39.8

+ 15.6

80.4

18842007

Burlington

+ 5.4

33.4

+ 24.5

72.5

19872007

Burlington

+ 9.1

35.5

+ 8.0

73.3

18952007

Northeast US

+ 4.6

41.4

**

**

19872007

Northeast US

+ 6.2

43.8

**

**

30.00% 25.00%

Average Precipitation (inches)

Precipitation Trend (inches)

Source: National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) http:// www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/5941021404338.txt http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/cag3/nt.html National Weather Service, Burlington, VT http://www.erh.noaa.gov/btv/climo/BTV/monthly_totals/ index.shtml

Source: National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/ orders/5941021404338.txtNational Weather Service, Burlington, VT http://www.erh.noaa.gov/ btv/climo/BTV/monthly_totals/index.shtml

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 2: Environment and Climate Appendix ~ 5

Vermont in Transition:

A Summary of Social Economic and Environmental Trends A study by

Center for Social Science Research at Saint Michael’s College Vince Bolduc, Ph. D. and Herb Kessel, Ph. D. for the

Council on the Future of Vermont December 2008

Chapter 3:

LAND USE ~ APPENDIX The Appendix for this chapter contains the following charts: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

AiAcres of Vermont Cropland and Pastureland, 1982 to 2003 Vermont Forest, Thousands of Acres1920 to 2007 Changes in Developed Land in Vermont, 1982 to 2003 Vermont Change in Developed Land and Population, 1982 to 1997 Percent Changes in Vermont’s Population, Households, and Housing Units, 1970 to 2006 Urban and Rural Population Change 1950 to 2000 Vermont’s Use Value Appraisal Program Participation, 1987 to 2007

Vermont Council on   Rural Development  43 State Street., PO Box 1384  Montpelier, VT  05601‐1384  (802) 223‐6091  [email protected];    http://www.vtrural.org 

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 3: Land Use Appendix ~

Chart 3-1 Acres of Vermont Cropland and Pastureland In thousands of acres 1982 to 2003

Chart 3-3: Changes in the Amount of Developed Land in Vermont In acres, 1982 to 2003 300,000 250,000

600

200,000

500

Acres

Thousands of Acres

700

400 300

150,000 100,000

200 50,000

100 0 1980

1985

1990

1995

C r o p lan d

2000

0 1980

2005

Pas tu r e lan d

1995

2000

2005

Chart 3-4 Change in Developed Land and Population* Vermont, 1982 to 1997

30%

Chart 3-2 Vermont Forests In Thousands of Acres 1920 to 2007 5,000 4,500 4,000

25%

Percentage

Thousands of Acres

1990

Source: NRCS National Resources Inventory

Source: NRCS National Resources Inventory.

3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 1920

1985

20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 1982-1987

1940

1960

1980

2000

Source: U.S. Forest Service, Forests in the Green Mountain State: A Half Century of Change for (1948 – 1997)

2 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 3: Land Use Appendix

SMALL

1987-1992 LARGE

1992-1997

POPULATION

Source: NRCS NRI Data for Developed Land; VT Dept of Health, 2002 and 2004 Vital Statistics for Population Data

Chart 3-5 Percent Changes in Vermont’s Population, Households, and Housing Units 1970 to 2006 40.00%

35.00%

30.00%

Percentage

25.00%

20.00%

15.00%

10.00%

5.00%

0.00%

1970-1980

1980-1990

1990-2000

2000-2006

Source: Data from U.S. Census via Center Housing For RuralUnits Studies,Population University ofHouseholds Vermont.

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 3: Land Use Appendix ~ 3

Chart 3-6 Urban and Rural Population Change 1950 to 2000*

Chart 3-7 Vermont’s Use Value Appraisal Program Participation 1987 to 2007

450,000

# of pa r tic ipa nts

20,000

400,000

350,000

300,000

15,000 10,000 5,000 0

250,000

1987

1997

Parcels

200,000

2002

2007

Owners

Source: Vermont Department of Taxes, 2007 Land Use Appraisal Program Summary

150,000

100,000

50,000

0 1950

1992

1960

1970

1980 URBAN

RURAL

Source: Data from U.S. Census Bureau * Method for calculating urban population for 2000 was modified

4 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 3: Land Use Appendix

1990

2000

Vermont in Transition:

A Summary of Social Economic and Environmental Trends A study by

Center for Social Science Research at Saint Michael’s College Vince Bolduc, Ph. D. and Herb Kessel, Ph. D. for the

Council on the Future of Vermont December 2008

Chapter 4:

ECONOMY ~ APPENDIX The Appendix for this chapter contains the following charts: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Vermont Personal Income, 1970 – 2007 Median Income of Households in 2006 dollars, 1984 to 2006 Median Family Income for a Four Person Family, 1987 to 2005 Self-Employment as a Percent of all Employment in Vermont, 1997 to 2006 Vermont, Number of Non-farm Proprietors, 1970 to 2006 Employment and Wage Growth in the Burlington-South Burlington, Labor Market Areas, 1978 to 2006 Vermont Captive Insurance Companies, 1983 to 2007 Vermont State Park Usage, 1987 to 2007 Attendance at Vermont Historic Site, 1999 to 2007 Number of Hunting and Fishing Licenses, Residents and Non-Residents, 1988 to 2006 Household Income: Lowest and Highest Quintiles,Vermont and the United States, 1980 to 2004 Vermont, per - capita dividends, Percent of U.S., 1970 to 2006 Vermont Per - capita Interest Percent of U.S., 1970 to 2006 Mass Layoffs in Vermont per Year, 1996 to 2007 Union Affiliation: Percent of Employed in Vermont and the United States, 2000 to 2007

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 4: Economy Appendix ~

Vermont Council on   Rural Development  43 State Street., PO Box 1384  Montpelier, VT  05601‐1384  (802) 223‐6091  [email protected];    http://www.vtrural.org 

Chart 4-3 Median Family Income for a Four Person Family, Vermont and U.S. 1987 to 2005

Chart 4-1 Vermont Personal Income 1970 to 2007 $43,000

$80,000 $70,000

$33,000

$60,000

$23,000

$50,000 $40,000

$13,000

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Chart 4-2 Median Income of Households in 2006 dollars (Two-year moving average) Vermont and U.S. 1984 – 2006

Unites States

20 04

20 02

20 00

19 98

19 96

19 94

19 93

19 91

19 89

2007

2005

2003

2001

1999

1997

1995

1993

1991

1989

1987

1985

1983

1981

1979

1977

1975

1973

1970

$3,000

19 87

$30,000

Verm ont

Source: U.S. Census Bureau: http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/ income/4person.html

Chart 4-4 Self-Employment as a Percent of all Employment in Vermont 1997 – 2006 (2005: n= 59,550)

$56,000

30.00%

$52,000

25.00%

$48,000

20.00% $44,000

15.00% $40,000 19 84 -8 5 19 86 -8 7 19 88 -8 9 19 90 -9 1 19 92 -9 3 19 94 -9 5 19 96 -9 7 19 98 -9 9 20 00 -0 1 20 02 -0 3 20 04 -0 5

10.00%

Unites States

Vermont

Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Historical Income Tables-Households

2 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 4: Economy Appendix

5.00% 0.00% 1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: U.S. Economic Census: Nonemployer Statistics Vermont. 1997 - 2005

Chart 4-5 Vermont, Number of Non-farm Proprietors 1970 to 2006

Chart 4-7 Vermont Captive Insurance Companies 1983 to 2007 1,000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100

19 83 19 85 19 87 19 89 19 91 19 93 19 95 19 97 19 99 20 01 20 03 20 05 20 07

0

Source: Vermontcaptive.com (http://www.vermontcaptive.com/ basics/TheNumbers.cfm ) Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Chart 4-6: Employment and Wage Growth in the Burlington-South Burlington Labor Market Areas 1978 to 2006 60.00% 45.00% 30.00% 15.00% 0.00% 1978

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

Burlington LMA Employment % of State Average Wages in Burlington LMA % of Vermont Source: Vermont Department of Labor. “U.I. Covered Employment & Wages.”

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 4: Economy Appendix ~ 3

Chart 4-8 Vermont State Park Usage 1987 to 2007

Chart 4-10 Number of Hunting and Fishing Licenses Residents and Non-Residents 1988 to 2007 70,000

1,000,000

60,000 # of licenses sold

1,200,000

800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000

50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000

Total

65,000

200 7

200 6

200 5

200 4

200 3

200 2

200 1

50,000 200 0

Chimney Point State Historic Site Old Constitution House Hubbarton Battlefield Justin Morrill Homestead Plymouth Notch Historic Site

Source: University of Vermont, Vermont Tourism Data Center. www.uvm.edu/tourismresearch

200 7

200 5

200 3

Non-Residents - Hunting

80,000

*Sites Include: Bennington Battle Monument Chester Arthur Historic Site Eureka Schoolhouse Historic Site Hyde Log Cabin Mount Independence Historic Site

200 1

Non-Residents - Fishing

95,000

199 9

199 9

Residents - Hunting

Chart 4-9 Attendance at Vermont Historic Site* 1999 to 2007

# of visitirs

199 7

Residents - Fishing

Source: Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife

Source: Department of Forests, Parks & Rec., Craig Whipple: Director of State Parks

4 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 4: Economy Appendix

199 5

199 3

199 1

198 7

07 20

05 20

Camping

03 20

01 20

99 19

97 19

95 19

93 19

91 19

89 19

87 19

Day-Use

198 9

0

0

Chart 4-11: Household Income: Lowest and Highest Quintiles , Vermont and the United States 1980 to 2004

Chart 4-13 Vermont: Per - capita Interest Percent of U.S. 1970 to 2006

60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

20 04

20 02

20 00

19 98

19 96

19 94

19 92

19 90

19 88

19 86

19 84

19 82

19 80

0%

Verm ont Low est Quintile

Verm ont Highest Quintile

United States Low est Quintile

United States Highest Quintile

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplements. Unpublished Chart: Selected Measures of Household Income Dispersion: 1977 to 2004. U.S. Census Bureau. 2008 Statistical Abstracts of the United States, “Income, Expenditures, Poverty, &

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Chart 4-12: Vermont: per - capita dividends, Percent of U.S. 1970 to 2006

Chart 4-14 Mass Layoffs in Vermont per Year* 1996 to 2007

Number of layoffs

60 50 40 30 20 10

19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07

0

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

* Mass Layoffs are defined by the U.S. Department of Labor as a situation when 50 or more persons file claims for unemployment insurance against a firm or institution during a consecutive 5-week period. Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. http://data.bls.gov/PDQ/servlet/SurveyOutputServlet

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 4: Economy Appendix ~ 5

Chart 4-15 Union Affiliation: Percent of Employed in Vermont and the United States 2000 to 2007 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 2000

2001

2002

Vermont

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

United States

Source: U.S. Department of Labor. “Union Affiliation data from the Current Population Survey.”

6 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 4: Economy Appendix

Vermont in Transition:

A Summary of Social Economic and Environmental Trends A study by

Center for Social Science Research at Saint Michael’s College Vince Bolduc, Ph. D. and Herb Kessel, Ph. D. for the

Council on the Future of Vermont December 2008

Chapter 5:

AFFORDABILITY ~ APPENDIX The Appendix for this chapter contains the following charts: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Average Square Feet of Floor Area of New One-Family Houses, Northeast and U.S., 1973 to 2007 Cost of Living:Vermont and the Other New England States in 2008 Cost of Living in the Largest Cities in Each New England State in 2007 Per Capita Disposable Personal Income,Vermont, New England, U.S., 1970 to 2007 Average Nominal Earnings in Select Industries in Vermont, 1988 to 2007 Percent of People in Poverty, New England States, 1985 to 2006 Basic Needs – Livable Wage, 1999 to 2007 Hunger in New England, % Lacking Enough Food, by State, 1997 to 2005 Median Prices of Primary Residences Sold in Vermont, 1988 to 2006 Number of Very Low-Income Households per Affordable, and Available Rental Units, 2006 Vermont Fair Market Rent - 2 Bedroom, Monthly Price, 1983 to 2005 Percent of Renters Unable to Afford a 2 Bedroom Apartment, New England, 1998 to 2003 Housing Wage in Vermont, 1983 to 2005 Percentage of Households Experiencing Any Housing Burden, (Moderate or Severe: All Households), 1980 to 2005 Vermont State and Local Tax Collections as a Percent of per Capita Income, National Rank, 2000 to 2006 Combined Vermont Fund Revenues, Excluding Education Property Tax, 1975 to 2005 FY 2004 State and Local Property Tax Revenues per Capita, (State and Local) 12 State and U.S. Comparisons 2005 Individual Income Tax Revenues per Capita, 12 State and U.S. Comparisons 2005 State Sales Tax Revenue per Capita, 12 State and U.S. Comparisons 2005 Business Taxes per Capita, 12 State and U.S. Comparisons

Vermont Council on   Rural Development  43 State Street., PO Box 1384  Montpelier, VT  05601‐1384  (802) 223‐6091  [email protected];    http://www.vtrural.org 

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 5: Affordability Appendix ~

Chart 5-3 Cost of Living in the Largest Cities in Each New England State (U.S. = 100)2007

2,100 1,900

Bu rli ng to n

1,700

Northeast

20 06

20 02

19 98

19 94

19 88

19 84

19 80

19 76

19 73

1,500

d M an ch es te r Pr ov id en ce

2,300

Ha rtf or

Square feet

2,500

Po rtl an d

2,700

150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 Bo st on

Index of Cost of Living

Chart 5-1: Average Square Feet of Floor Area of New One-Family Houses Northeast and U.S. 1973 to 2007

U.S.

Source: U.S. Census, Median and Average Square Feet of Floor Area in New One-Family Houses Completed by Location: http:// www.census.gov/const/C25Ann/sftotalmedavgsqft.pdf

Source: Sperling’s Best Places: http://www.bestplaces.net/col/

Chart 5-4 Per Capita Disposable Personal Income Vermont, New England, U.S. 1970 to 2007

Chart 5-2 Cost of Living Vermont and the Other New England States in 2008

$50,000

100

80 Ve

rm

Co on

t

nn

Ma ec

t ic

ut

ss

t

Ma Ne w in e Ha eI m s la hu p se nd sh tts ire Rh

ac

od

Source: Missouri Economic Research and Information Center. http:// www.missourieconomy.org/indicators/cost_of_living/index.stm

2 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 5: Affordability Appendix

$40,000 $30,000 $20,000 $10,000 $0 19 70 19 73 19 76 19 79 19 82 19 85 19 88 19 91 19 94 19 97 20 00 20 03 20 06

Living

Index of Cost of

120

Per capita disposable personal income

140

United States

New England

Vermont

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis

Chart 5-5 Average Nominal (Non-Inflationary Adjusted) Earnings in Select Industries in Vermont 1988 to 2007

Table 5-6 Percent of People in Poverty New England States 1985 to 2006

Average earnings

$40,000

CT

ME

MA

NH

RI

$35,000

1985

7.76%

12.43%

8.60%

$30,000

1986

6.83

11.70

9.10

5.60

10.30

10.93

1987

6.73

11.26

8.86

4.83

8.73

9.83

1988

5.53

11.70

8.63

5.06

9.00

9.46

1989

4.50

11.76

8.50

6.40

8.20

8.46

1990

4.30

12.23

9.33

6.90

8.00

9.00

1991

5.83

12.53

10.16

7.10

8.20

10.50

1992

8.13

13.56

10.66

7.43

10.10

11.33

1993

8.96

14.33

10.66

8.63

11.33

11.03

1994

9.70

12.76

10.23

8.76

11.30

9.36

1995

9.66

12.00

10.46

7.63

10.70

9.30

1996

10.73

10.60

10.26

6.46

10.63

10.16

1997

10.00

10.83

11.10

6.93

11.43

10.73

1998

9.93

10.56

10.33

8.43

11.76

10.60

1999

8.43

10.36

10.90

8.83

11.43

9.60

2000

8.13

10.36

10.10

7.30

10.60

9.83

2001

7.53

10.26

10.46

5.53

10.13

9.86

2002

7.90

11.20

9.86

4.93

10.46

9.96

2003

8.03

11.70

10.03

5.36

10.90

9.46

2004

10.11

11.88

9.29

5.57

11.57

8.01

2005

9.32

12.25

10.04

5.77

11.84

8.13

2006

9.15

11.48

10.48

5.46

11.38

7.76

$25,000 $20,000 $15,000

All wages Food and beverage Personal care

6 20 0

4 20 0

2 20 0

0 20 0

8 19 9

6 19 9

19 9

4

2 19 9

0 19 9

19 8

8

$10,000

Retail Accommodations and food

Source: Vermont Department of Labor, Economic and Labor Market Information. U.I. Covered Employment and Wages: http://www.vtlmi.info/indnaics.htm

7.06% 12.10%

VT 12.46%

Source: National Priorities Project: http://www.nationalpriorities.org/nppdatabase_tool/

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 5: Affordability Appendix ~ 3

Table 5-8 Hunger in New England % Lacking Enough Food* By State 1997 to 2005

Chart 5-7 Basic Needs – Livable Wage* 1999 to 2007

Livable wage

$23.00

CT

ME

MA

NH

RI

VT

$20.00

1997

4.44%

4.25 %

3.25 %

1.38 %

2.53 %

2.98%

$17.00

1998

4.10

4.00

2.10

3.10

2.70

2.70

$14.00

1999

3.74

3.35

2.14

2.35

1.94

2.05

2000

2.90

3.03

2.37

2.47

2.73

2.17

2001

2.60

3.10

2.00

1.90

2.50

1.80

2002

2.80

2.80

2.10

2.10

3.40

2.40

2003

3.00

2.90

2.30

2.10

3.60

3.00

2004

3.00

3.10

2.70

2.40

4.20

3.60

2005

2.60

4.60

3.00

2.20

4.10

3.90

$11.00 $8.00 1999

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2007

Single (urban) Single and 1 child Two adults (both working)

Source: National Priorities Project: http:// www.nationalpriorities.org/nppdatabase_tool/

Source: The Vermont Legislative Joint Fiscal Office, Sara Teachout, Fiscal Analyst, “Basic Needs Budgets and the Livable Wage” *With employer assisted health care and moderate cost of food plan

* of households who lacked enough food for all members of the household and where at least one family member at least one family member experienced hunger at some point for the year.

Chart 5-9: Median Prices of Primary Residences Sold in Vermont 1988 to 2006 $220,000 $200,000 $180,000 $160,000 $140,000 $120,000 $100,000 $80,000 $60,000 1988

1990

1992

1994

Single Fam ily

1996

1998

2000

2002

Condom inium s

Source: U.S. Census: Demographic Trends in the 20th Century

4 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 5: Affordability Appendix

2004

2006

Table 5-11 Vermont: Fair Market Rent - 2 Bedroom Monthly Price 1983 to 2005

Chart 5-10: Number of Very Low-Income Households per Affordable and Available Rental Units New England 2006* 4

1983

$ 406

3

1984

N/A

2

1985

$ 422

1986

$ 414

1987

$ 440

1988

$ 459

1989

$ 502

1990

$ 525

1991

$ 554

1992

$ 581

1993

$ 591

1994

$ 556

1995

$ 544

1996

$ 563

1997

$ 574

1998

$ 608

1999

$ 615

2000

$ 620

2001

$ 661

2002

$ 687

2003

$ 706

2004

$ 717

2005

$ 698

1 0 Household per Affordable Available Unit CT

ME

MA

NH

RI

VT

U.S.

Source: Policy Brief 07-01 NEPPC, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, January 2007 *Very low income is the bottom quintile of the income distribution

Source: National Priorities Project: http://www.nationalpriorities.org/nppdatabase_tool/

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 5: Affordability Appendix ~ 5

Table 5-12 Percent of Renters Unable to Afford a 2 Bedroom Apartment New England States* 1998 to 2003

VT

CT

ME

MA

NH

RI

1998

44%

39%

41%

40%

39%

43%

1999

53

43

45

48

39

51

2000

48

42

46

46

44

46

2003

49

50

52

61

48

50

Chart 5-14 Percentage of Households Experiencing Any Housing Burden (Moderate or Severe: All Households) New England 1980 to 2005

30% 25% 20%

Source: National Priorities Project: http://www.nationalpriorities.org/ nppdatabase_tool/ * Estimates from HUD of the renters who cannot afford fair market rent for a 2 bedroom apartment. Affordable rent is defined as paying no more than 30 of income for rent and utilities.

Chart 5-13 Housing Wage in Vermont* 1983 to 2005

15% 1980

2000

CT

2001

ME

2002

MA

RI

2003

2004

2005

VT

U.S

NH

Source: The Lack of Affordable Housing in New England: How Big a Problem? Why Is It Growing? What Are We Doing About It?

Chart 5-15: National Vermont Rank: State and Local Tax Collections as a Percent of Total State Income* 1980 to 2008 25 20 15 10 5 0 1980 Source: National Priorities Project: http://www.nationalpriorities.org/nppdatabase_tool/ * The wages necessary to afford only a fair market rent for a 2 bedroom apartment assuming full-time, year round work.

6 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 5: Affordability Appendix

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

Source: Tax Foundation: http://www.taxfoundation.org/files/ sl_burden_vermont-20080807.pdf *The lower the rank, the higher the tax relative to income.

2004

2008

Chart 5-16 Combined Vermont Fund Revenues Excluding Education Property Tax, 1975 to 2005

Chart 5-18 2005 Individual Income Tax Revenues per Capita, 12 State and U.S. Comparisons

$1,800

Per capita income tax revenues

$1,600 $1,400 $1,200 $1,000 $800 $600 $400 $200 $0 1975

1985

Com bine d Fund Re ve nue s

1995

2000

$1,600 $1,400 $1,200 $1,000 $800 $600 $400 $200

2005

$0

Com bine d Fund Re ve nue 2005 dollars

MA NY CT OR MN WI ME NC VT U.S. NH FL WA Source: Vermont Legislative Joint Fiscal Office. 2007 Vermont Tax Study http://www.leg.state.vt.us/jfo/Reports/20070120Vermont20Tax20Study20-20Volume201.pdf

Source: Vermont Legislative Joint Fiscal Office 2007 Vermont Tax Study

Chart 5-17: FY 2004 State and Local Property Tax Revenues Per Capita (State and Local) 12 State Comparisons Chart 5-19 2005 State Sales Tax Revenue per Capita 12 State and U.S. Comparisons

$1,800 $1,600

$1,600

$1,400

$1,400

$1,200

Sales tax per capita

Per capita property tax revenues

$2,000

$1,000 $800 $600 $400 $200 $0 CT

NH

NY

ME

MA

VT

WI

FL

WA

MN

OR

NC

Source: Vermont Legislative Joint Fiscal Office. 2007 Vermont Tax Study http://www.leg.state.vt.us/jfo/Reports/2007-0120Vermont20Tax20Study2020Volume201.pdf

$1,200 $1,000 $800 $600 $400 $200 $0 WA FL CT MN VT WI U.S ME MA NY NC NH OR

Source: Vermont Legislative Joint Fiscal Office. 2007 Vermont Tax Study http://www.leg.state.vt.us/jfo/Reports/20070120Vermont20Tax20Study20-20Volume201.pdf

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 5: Affordability Appendix ~ 7

Business taxes per capita

Chart 5-20 2005 Business Taxes per Capita 12 State Comparisons $400 $350 $300 $250 $200 $150 $100 $50 $0 WA NH MA CT NY MN NC WI ME VT OR FL Source: Vermont Legislative Joint Fiscal Office. 2007 Vermont Tax Study http://www.leg.state.vt.us/jfo/Reports/20070120Vermont20Tax20Study20-20Volume201.pdf

8 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 5: Affordability Appendix

Vermont in Transition:

A Summary of Social Economic and Environmental Trends A study by

Center for Social Science Research at Saint Michael’s College Vince Bolduc, Ph. D. and Herb Kessel, Ph. D. for the

Council on the Future of Vermont December 2008

Chapter 6:

AGRICULTURE ~ APPENDIX The Appendix for this chapter contains the following charts: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Agriculture, Forest and Fishing,Value of Output (in millions), 1997 to 2007. Average Age of Primary Operators of Vermont Farms, 1974 to 2002. Average Number of Cows on Vermont Dairy Farms, 1974 to 2007 Milk Produced per Cow in Vermont and Selected Dairy States, (in Pounds), 2001 to 2007. Value of Government Payments to Farms in Vermont, (Thousands of dollars), 1991 to 2006. Changing Structure of Vermont Farms, 1974 to 2002. Value of Milk Produced in Vermont, (millions $), 1991 to 2006. Employment on Farms and Related Industries in Vermont, 1981 to 2002. Net Farm Income in Vermont, (Thousands of dollars), 1980 to 2006. Number of Vermont Dairy Farms and Milk Production (millions of Pounds), 1980 to 2006. Average Size of Vermont Farms, (in Acres), 1978 to 2002.

Vermont Council on   Rural Development  43 State Street., PO Box 1384  Montpelier, VT  05601‐1384  (802) 223‐6091  [email protected];    http://www.vtrural.org 

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 6: Agriculture Appendix ~

Chart 6-1 Agriculture, Forest and Fishing Value of Output (in millions) 1997 to 2007

Chart 6-3 Average Number of Cows on Vermont Dairy Farms 1974 to 2007 150

400

Cows per farm

350 300 250 200

120

90

60

150

30

100

1974

1978

1982

1987

1992

1997

2002

2007

50 1997

1999

2001

V e rm o n t F a rm s

2003

Source: Vermont Department of Agriculture, Food and Markets, Dairy Division, U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, “Historical Highlights: 2002 and Earlier Census Years”

2005

F o r e st r y a n d F i sh i n g

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Chart 6-2 Average Age of Primary Operators of Vermont Farms 1974 to 2002

55

Age

21,000

Average product in lbs

60

Chart 6-4 Milk Produced per Cow in Vermont and Selected Dairy States (in Pounds), 2001 to 2007

50

20,000

19,000

18,000

45 17,000 2001

40 1974

1978

1982

1987

1992

1997

2002

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2002 Census of Agriculture-State Data

2 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 6: Agriculture Appendix

2002

2003

Verm ont

2004

2005

2006

Top 23 Dairy States

Source: Vermont Department of Agriculture (Internal spreadsheet).

2007

Chart 6-5 Value of Government Payments to Farms in Vermont (Thousands of dollars) 1991 to 2006

Chart 6-7 Value of Milk Produced in Vermont (1,000 dollars) 1991 to 2006 $450,000

$40,200

$400,000

$30,200

$350,000

$20,200

$300,000 19 91 19 92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06

$10,200

Source: New England Agricultural Statistics. 2001 and 2006 Annual Bulletins. (There are minor discrepancies in the two numbers from the two series)

20 06

20 04

20 02

20 00

19 98

19 96

19 94

19 92

19 90

$200

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture. Economic Research Service. http://www.ers.usda.gov/Data/FarmIncome/FinfidmuXls.htm

Chart 6-6: Changing Structure of Vermont Farms 1974 to 2002 60%

Chart 6-8 Employment on Farms and Related Industries in Vermont 1981 to 2002

50% Employment

17,000

40% 30% 20% 1974

1978

1982

1987

1992

1997

2002

13,000

9,000

5,000 1981

1983

1985 1988

1990

1993

1995 1998

% of farm operators whose primary occupation is not farming

Dairy Farm s

% of farms with sales under $2,500

Agricultural Relate d Industries

Source: 2002 Census of Agriculture-State Data. Historical Highlights: 200-2

2000

2002

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture: Economic Research Services,

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 6: Agriculture Appendix ~ 3

Chart 6-9 Net Farm Income in Vermont (Thousands of dollars) 1980 to 2006

2,400

1,500

2,300

1,000

2,200

500

2,100

0

2,000

19 80 19 82 19 84 19 86 19 88 19 90 19 92 19 94 19 96 19 98 20 00 20 02 20 04 20 06

N u m b e r o f D a ir y Fa r m s M ilk P r o d u c tio n

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture. Economic Research Service. http://www.ers.usda.gov/Data/FarmIncome/FinfidmuXls.htm

Source: Vermont Department of Agriculture, unpublished chart, Vermont Dairy Production

Chart 6-11 Average Size of Vermont Farms (in Acres) 1978 to 2002 300 250 200 150 100 1978

1982

1987

1992

1997

Source: United States Department of Agriculture. Economic Research Service. State Fact Sheets: Vermont

4 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 6: Agriculture Appendix

2007

2,000

2004

2,500

2001

2,500

1998

2,600

1995

3,000

1980

$50,000

2,700

1992

$100,000

3,500

1989

$150,000

2,800

1986

$200,000

4,000

1983

Number of diary farms

$250,000

2002

Milk production in lbs

Chart 6-10 Number of Vermont Dairy Farms and Milk Production (millions of Pounds)

Vermont in Transition:

A Summary of Social Economic and Environmental Trends A study by

Center for Social Science Research at Saint Michael’s College Vince Bolduc, Ph. D. and Herb Kessel, Ph. D. for the

Council on the Future of Vermont December 2008

Chapter 7:

FORESTRY ~ APPENDIX The Appendix for this chapter contains the following charts: 1. 2. 3.

4.

Distribution of Ownership of Vermont’s Forests, 2006. Forest Company Ownership of Vermont Forests, % Acres, 1953 to 2002. Use Value Appraisal Program, Acres Enrolled in Forest Land, 1980 to 2006. Sawtimber in Vermont’s Forests, 1973 to 1997

Vermont Council on   Rural Development  43 State Street., PO Box 1384  Montpelier, VT  05601‐1384  (802) 223‐6091  [email protected];    http://www.vtrural.org 

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 7: Forestry Appendix ~

Chart 7-1 Distribution of Ownership of Vermont’s Forests 2006

0

Business 1% ,0 0 60 ,0

00

.0

0

1, 0 10 0

00

.0

0

1, 60

Fam ily 80%

0,

Towns 1%

00

.0

Federal 11%

Acres of forest land

State 7%

Chart 7-3: Use Value Appraisal Program Acres Enrolled in Forest Land 1980 to 2006

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

10

0,

0

00

.0

0

Source: U.S. Department Agriculture Forest Service, “The Forests of the Green Mountain State.”

Chart 7-2 Forest Company Ownership of Vermont Forests % Acres 1953 to 2002

Source: Vermont Department of Taxes

0%

25 20 15 10 0

5

5%

Billion Board Feet

10%

30

15%

Chart 7-4 Sawtimber in Vermont’s Forests 1973 to 1997

1973

1953

1977

1987

1997

Source: Forest Resources of the United States, 2002 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service

2 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 7: Forestry Appendix

1983

1997

2002 Source: U.S. Department Agriculture Forest Service, “The Forests of the Green Mountain State.” Wharton et. al.

2005

Vermont in Transition:

A Summary of Social Economic and Environmental Trends A study by

Center for Social Science Research at Saint Michael’s College Vince Bolduc, Ph. D. and Herb Kessel, Ph. D. for the

Council on the Future of Vermont December 2008

PHYSICAL AND ELECTRONIC INFRASTRUCTURE ~ APPENDIX

Chapter 9:

The Appendix for this chapter contains the following charts: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

Motor Vehicle Accident Death Rates,Vermont and United States, 1982-2004 Percent of Population Using Seatbelts,Vermont and United States, 1985-2007 Burlington International Airport Operational Statistics, Daily Aircraft Operations, Burlington,VT, 2007 Edward F Knapp State Airport Operational Statistics, Daily Aircraft Operations, Barre-Montpelier,VT, 2007 Interstate and Intrastate Greyhound Bus Travel in Vermont, 2003 to 2008 Total Number of Passengers Boarding and Detraining, All of Vermont Amtrak Stations, 2003-2007 Age of Long Bridge Structures,Vermont, Pre-1900 to Present Age of Short Bridge Structures,Vermont, Pre-1900 to Present Number of Closed Bridges in Vermont, 1997-2007 Percent of Vermont Road Bridges, Classified as “Structurally Deficient or Functionally Obsolete,” 1995-2007 Averaged National Bridge Inventory Conditions Ratings (All Bridges),Vermont, 2000-2006 Lowest Rated Component (All Bridges),Vermont, 2000-2006 Selected Transportation Expenditures in Vermont, Millions of Dollars, 1991, 2002, 2007 Weekly Retail Gasoline Prices, United States, April 1993-April 2008

Vermont Council on   Rural Development  43 State Street., PO Box 1384  Montpelier, VT  05601‐1384  (802) 223‐6091  [email protected];    http://www.vtrural.org 

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 9: Physical and Electronic Infrastructure Appendix ~

Chart 9-3: Burlington International Airport Operational Statistics, Daily Aircraft Operations Burlington, Vermont

25

Commercial, 10

20

Military, 10

Taxi, 31

15 10 5

V e rm ont

20 04

20 02

20 00

19 98

19 96

19 94

19 92

19 90

19 88

19 86

19 84

0 19 82

Deaths Per 100,000 Population

Chart 9-1 Motor Vehicle Accident Death Rates Vermont and United States, 1982 to 2004

Local General, 24

Un it e d St a te s

Source: Bureau of the Census, “Statistical Abstract of the United States,” various years; Vermont Department of Health, “Vermont Vital Statistics,” various years; “Datapedia of the United States: American History in Numbers,” (2004), George Thomas Kurian

General, 25 Source: AIRNAV.com, Burlington International Airport http://www.airnav.com/airport/ KBTV

Chart 9-4: Edward F Knapp State Airport Operational Statistics, Daily Aircraft Operations Barre and Montpelier, Vermont 2007

Chart 9-2 Percent of Population Using Seatbelts Vermont and United States 1985 to 2007 100% 90%

Military, 3

80% 70%

Air Taxi, 3

60% 50% 40% Transient General Aviation, 40

30% 20%

Local General Aviation, 54

Verm ont

20 07

20 05

20 03

20 01

19 99

19 97

19 95

19 93

19 91

19 89

19 87

19 85

10% 0%

United States

Source: Vermont Department of Public Safety, Governor's Highway Safety, courtesy Steve Reckers*Note: A change in method of data collection partially explains the drop in 1998.

2 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 9: Physical and Electronic Infrastructure Appendix

Source: AIRNAV.com, Burlington International Airport http:// www.airnav.com/airport/KBTV

Chart 9-7 Age of Long Bridge Structures in Vermont Pre-1900 to Present

6,000

450

5,000

400

4,000

350

3,000 2,000 1,000 0 2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Average m onthly outbound passenger levels Average m onthly inbound passenger levels

Number of Structures

Average # of passengers per month

Chart 9-5: Interstate and Intrastate Greyhound Bus Travel in Vermont 2003 to 2008*

300 250 200 150 100 50 0

Source: Greyhound Corporation. * Intrastate travelers are included in both outbound and inbound passenger levels. * Ridership levels are calculated for only four months in 2003 and nine months in 2008.

pr e19 00 19 00 -1 90 9 19 10 -1 91 9 19 20 -1 92 9 19 30 -1 93 9 19 40 -1 94 9 19 50 -1 95 9 19 60 -1 96 9 19 70 -1 97 9 19 80 -1 98 9 19 90 -1 99 20 9 00 -p re se nt

Average m onthly intrastate passenger levels

Year Originally Built

Chart 9-6: Total Number of Passengers Boarding and Detraining, All of Vermont Amtrak Stations 2003 to 2007

Source: Vermont Agency of Transportation, Program Development-Structures Section, Annual Report, 2008, page 5. Note: Long Structures span more than 20 feet. Also, the peaks of building represent construction after a flood in 1927 and the interstate era (approximately 1958 to 1978).

80,000 70,000

Number of People

60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Source: National Association of Railroad Passengers, http://www.narprail.org/cms/ images/uploads/fact_sheets_all06.pdf (p847)

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 9: Physical and Electronic Infrastructure Appendix ~ 3

Chart 9-8 Age of Short Bridge Structures in Vermont Pre-1900 to Present 350

300

Number of Structures

250

200

150

100

50

0

t 00 09 19 49 89 39 79 29 59 69 99 sen 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 -19 pre 00102050609030407080pre 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20

Original Year Built

Source: Vt Agency of Transportation, Program Development—Structures Section, Annual Report, 2008. * Note: Short bridges span more than 6 ft, but are not designated as ‘long’.

4 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 9: Physical and Electronic Infrastructure Appendix

Chart 9-9 Number of Closed Bridges in Vermont 1997 to 2007 20 18 18 16 16

Number of Closed Bridges

14 14

13

13

13

13 12

13

12

12

12 10 8 6 4 2

2

2

1 0

0

1

1

1

0

0

0

S ta te

07 20

06 20

05 20

04 20

03 20

02 20

01 20

00 20

99 19

98 19

19

97

0

L o ca l

Source: Vermont Agency of Transportation, Program Development—Structures Section, Annual Report, 2008, page 11.

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 9: Physical and Electronic Infrastructure Appendix ~ 5

Chart 9-10 Percent of Vermont Road Bridges Classified as “Structurally Deficient or Functionally Obsolete” , 1995 to 2007

Chart 9-11 Averaged National Bridge Inventory Conditions Ratings (All Bridges) Vermont 2000 to 2006 6.7

Averaged NBI Conditions Ratings

45% 40%

% deficient or obsolete

35% 30% 25% 20%

6.65

6.6

6.55

6.5

6.45

6.4

15%

6.35

10%

6.3 2000

5%

2002

2004

Source: Vermont Agency of Transportation, Program Development—Structures Section, Annual Report, 2008, page 9. Note: The scale ranges from 0 to 10, with 10 being the highest.

0% 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2007 Source: U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, various annual reports. Note: The total number bridges rated in Vermont varied slightly from about 2,686 to 2,716. Explanations for the terms “structurally deficient or functionally obsolete” can be found at the following source: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/2006cpr/pdfs/chap3.pdf http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_transportation_statistics/ state_transportation_statistics_2007/

6 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 9: Physical and Electronic Infrastructure Appendix

2006

Chart 9-13 Selected Transportation Expenditures in Vermont Millions of Dollars 1991, 2002, 2007 1991 2002 2007

Chart 9-12 Lowest Rated Component (All Bridges) in Vermont 2000 to 2006 100% 90% 80% 70%

Percentage

60% 50% 40%

Paving

12.1

38.3

51.5

Maintenance

37.9

46.8

59.4

Town Highway Bridges

2.5

23.6

28.0

Public Transit

2.0

11.9

15.6

Project development (excluding paving) Rail

68.7

94.1

110.9

2.3

12.5

10.4

Aviation

5.5

10.1

9.8

166.3

327.6

387.9

30%

Entire Budget (includes other categories)

20%

Source: University of Vermont Transportation Research Center, courtesy Karen Glitman

10% 0% 2000

2002

2004 Critical

Poor

Fair

Good

2006

Source: Vermont Agency of Transportation, Program Development—Structures Section, Annual Report, 2008, page 10.

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 9: Physical and Electronic Infrastructure Appendix ~ 7

Chart 9-14 Weekly Retail Gasoline Prices United States April, 1993 to April, 2008

Cents per Gallon

450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100

4/5/2008

4/5/2007

4/5/2006

4/5/2005

4/5/2004

4/5/2003

4/5/2002

4/5/2001

4/5/2000

4/5/1999

4/5/1998

4/5/1997

4/5/1996

4/5/1995

4/5/1994

4/5/1993

50 0

Source: Energy Information Administration, Petroleum Navigator, http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/hist/mg_tt_usW.htm Note: Gasoline is all grades and formulations.

8 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 9: Physical and Electronic Infrastructure Appendix

Vermont in Transition:

A Summary of Social Economic and Environmental Trends A study by

Center for Social Science Research at Saint Michael’s College Vince Bolduc, Ph. D. and Herb Kessel, Ph. D. for the

Council on the Future of Vermont December 2008

Chapter 10:

ENERGY~ APPENDIX

The Appendix for this chapter contains the following charts: 1.

Map of natural gas pipeline in Vermont.

Vermont Council on   Rural Development  43 State Street., PO Box 1384  Montpelier, VT  05601‐1384  (802) 223‐6091  [email protected];   

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 10: Energy Appendix ~

Map of Natural Gas Pipeline in Vermont

2 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 10: Energy Appendix

Vermont in Transition:

A Summary of Social Economic and Environmental Trends A study by

Center for Social Science Research at Saint Michael’s College Vince Bolduc, Ph. D. and Herb Kessel, Ph. D. for the

Council on the Future of Vermont December 2008

Chapter 11:

EDUCATION ~ APPENDIX

The Appendix for this chapter contains the following charts: 1.

Per Pupil Expenditure by School Size, FY05 to FY08.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Unemployment Rate by Educational Attainment in the U.S. in 2004. Education and Earnings in the U.S. in 2004. National Private Four Year Institutions: Net vs. Gross Tuition, Fees, Room, and Board, in 2007 Dollars, 1995 to 2007. Average Cumulative Debt of VSAC Grant Recipients, Attending 4-Year Institutions, 1993 to 2005. Tuition and Fees, Family Income and Aid, 1986-87, 1996-97, 2006-07 University of Vermont: Tuition, Room, Board and Fees, 1978 to 2006. State Appropriations to Higher Education in Vermont, as a Percent of Total State General Fund, 1990 to 2006. Percent Achieving Competency:Vermont and the United States, 2007

2. Vermont Total Headcount by Gender, 2001 to 2007

Vermont Council on   Rural Development  43 State Street., PO Box 1384  Montpelier, VT  05601‐1384  (802) 223‐6091  [email protected];    http://www.vtrural.org  Vermont in Transition: Chapter 11: Education Appendix ~

Chart 11-3 Vermont Total Undergraduate Headcount by Gender

Chart 11-1 Per Pupil Spending by District Type FY01 to FY08 $15,000.00

60%

$12,000.00

55%

$9,000.00

50%

$6,000.00

45%

$3,000.00

40%

$0.00 FY01

K-12

FY02

FY03

FY04

FY05

K-8,Tuition students

FY06

FY07

35%

FY08

30%

K - 12, Union School

2001

Source: Vermont Department of Education, electronic data bases: http://education.vermont.gov/index.htm

2003 Male

2005

2007

Female

Source: Vermont Higher Education Council

Chart 11-4: Unemployment Rate by Educational Attainment in the U.S. in 2004

Chart 11-2 Per Pupil Expenditure by School Size

7.00%

$15,000.00

6.00%

$9,000.00 $6,000.00 $3,000.00 $0.00 FY05

Small<100

FY06

Medium 101- 500

FY07

Large 501-1000

FY08

Largest >1000

Source: Vermont Department of Education, electronic data bases: http://education.vermont.gov/index.htm

Unemployment rate

$12,000.00

5.00% 4.00% 3.00% 2.00% 1.00% 0.00% A M U H So C ss as Doc Pr o nd ig ol m h l f. o te er eg to e c S D rs ra ia co e 12 ch eg t te gr es lle oo re yr a ge e s du l at e

Sources: FY2004, IPEDS Finance Survey

2 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 11: Education Appendix

Chart 11-5 Education and Earnings in the U.S. in 2004

Chart 11-7 Average Cumulative Debt of VSAC Grant Recipients Attending 4-Year Institutions, 1993 to 2005 Average debt college graduates in VT.

$1,600

Average monthly earnings

$1,400 $1,200 $1,000 $800 $600 $400 $200

$35,000 $30,000 $25,000 $20,000 $15,000 $10,000 $5,000 1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

$0

Pr

D

. of de

Plus debt

Source: Vermont Student Assistance Corporation

te

ee gr

ra to

ge

ad gr

s

lle

te

rs

ia

ge

te

le

as

oc

M

ol

oc

co

s

ol

yr

ho

12

Sc

e

h

m

ss

C

A

So

ig

er nd

H

U

Student debt

Sources: U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Educational Statistics. FY2004, IPEDS Finance Survey

Table 11-8 Tuition and Fees, Family Income and Aid 1986-87, 1996-97 and 2006-07

Chart 11-6: National Private Four Year Institutions: Net vs. Gross Tuition, Fees, Room, and Board, in 2007 Dollars 1995 to 2007

Private 4 year College

Public 4 year College

1986-87

$12,218

1997-97 2006-07

$35,000

$25,000

$15,000

$2,595

Median Income (ages 45-54) $71,482

Total Aid per FTE Student $3,967

Grant Aid per FTE Student $2,014

Federal Loan per FTE Student $1,826

$16,695

$3,822

$73,446

$6,627

$3,120

$3,415

$22,308

$5,804

$72,881

$9,499

$4,648

$4,337

Source: Trends in Student Aid 2007, College Board

$5,000 1995

1997

1999

Gross cost

2001

2003

2005

2007

Net cost

Source: Trends in College Pricing: 2007 , The College Board

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 11: Education Appendix ~ 3

Chart 11-9 University of Vermont: Tuition, Room, Board and Fees 1978 to 2006

Chart 11-11 Percent Achieving Competency: Vermont and the United States 2007

$40,000

50

$30,000 $25,000 $20,000 $15,000 $10,000

40 30 20 10 0

$5,000 $0 1978

1982

1986

1990

In-state

1994

1998

2002

2006

Chart 11-10 State Appropriations to Higher Education in Vermont as a Percent of Total State General Fund 1990 to 2006

4 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 11: Education Appendix

20 06

20 04

20 00 2

20 00

19 98

19 96

19 94

19 92

19 90

10.00% 9.50% 9.00% 8.50% 8.00% 7.50% 7.00% 6.50% 6.00% 5.50% 5.00%

Source: Vermont Legislative Joint Fiscal Office

Grade 4 Reading

Grade 4 Math

V e r m ont

Out of state

Source: University of Vermont, http://www.uvm.edu/~isis/?Page=costs0.html IPDES (FTE: Full Time Equivalents)

Educational spending % of all state spending

competency

% achieving

$35,000

Grade 8 Reading

Grade 8 math

Unite d S ta te s

Source: Vermont Department of Education and U.S. Department of Education

Vermont in Transition:

A Summary of Social Economic and Environmental Trends A study by

Center for Social Science Research at Saint Michael’s College Vince Bolduc, Ph. D. and Herb Kessel, Ph. D. for the

Council on the Future of Vermont December 2008

HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE ~ APPENDIX The Appendix for this chapter contains the following charts:

Chapter 12: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Teen Birth Rates per 1,000 Women, Ages 15-19,Vermont and the U.S., 1982-2005 Crude Death Rates,Vermont and United States, 1980-2005 Early Prenatal Care.Vermont and United States, 1992-2004 Death Rates for the Two Leading Causes of Death, (Age-Adjusted Per 100,000),Vermont and United States, 1980-2005 Number of Deaths to HIV/AIDS,Vermont, 1988-2005 Death Rates for All Accidents and Injuries (Per 100,000),Vermont and United States, 1980-2004 Motor Vehicle Accident Death Rates,Vermont and United States, 1982-2004 Percent of Population Using Seatbelts,Vermont and United States, 1985-2007 Suicide Rate Per 100,000,Vermont and United States, 1981-2005 Substance Abuse of High School Students, Self-Reports of Risk Behavior,Vermont and United States, 1993-2007 Per Capita Alcohol Consumption, Gallons of Ethanol,Vermont and the United States,1970-2005 Percent of Adults Without Leisure Time Physical Activity,Vt. and United States, 1990-2007 Vermont Council on   Percent of Women (Aged 40+), Having a Mammogram within the Past 2 Years,Vermont and United States, 1990-2006 Rural Development  Percent Population Covered by Health Insurance,Vermont and United States, 1987-2005 43 State Street., PO Box 1384  Health Care Expenditures per Capita,Vermont, 1991-2004 Inpatient Hospital Care, Measured by Discharge Rates, Per 1,000 Age Adjusted Population,Vermont and U.S., 1990-2006 Montpelier, VT  05601‐1384  Average Length of Acute Hospital Stay, Age Adjusted,Vermont, 1990-2006 (802) 223‐6091  Vermont State Hospital,Year-End Census, 1960-2008 Vermont Community Mental Health Caseload, 1985-2007 [email protected];    Number of Cumulative Patient Days and Number of Hospitalization Episodes For Mental Illness plus Substance Abuse, http://www.vtrural.org  Vermont, 1990-2005 21. Hospital Admissions, Discharges & Readmissions,Vermont State Hospital Vermont, 1982-2008 Vermont in Transition: Chapter 12: Health and Health Care Appendix ~ 22. Active Physicians and Percent Female,Vermont, 1996–2006

Chart 12-3: Early Prenatal Care Vermont and United States 1992-2004

70

9 5 .0 %

60 50

9 0 .0 %

40 30

8 5 .0 %

20 10

8 0 .0 % 04

02

20

12

Per 1,000 Population

10 8 6 4 2

04 20

02 20

00 20

98 19

96 19

94 19

92 19

90 19

88 19

86 19

84 19

82 19

19

80

0

U n it e d S t a t e s

Source: Bureau of the Census, “Statistical Abstract of the United States,” various years; Vermont Department of Health, “Vermont Vital Statistics,” various years.

2 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 12: Health and Health Care Appendix

04 20

02 20

00 20

98 19

96 19

V e rm ont

Un it e d S t a t e s

Source: Vermont Agency of Human Services, Planning Division, “Vermont Well-Being: A Social Indicators Sourcebook,” May, 2006, David Murphey.

Chart 12-2: Crude Death Rates Vermont and United States, 1980-2005

V e rm ont

19

Source: National Center for Health Statistics, Center for Disease Control. “Births: Final Data for 2005;” Vermont Department of Health, “Vermont Vital Statistics,” various years.

94

7 0 .0 %

Un ite d State s

19

00

20

7 5 .0 %

92

V e rm ont

20

98 19

94

96 19

19

19

92

90 19

86

84

88 19

19

19

82

0 19

Births Per 1,000 Women Ages 15-19

Chart 12-1: Teen Birth Rates per 1,000 Women, Ages 15-19 Vermont and United States, 1982-2005

Chart 12-4: Death Rates for the Two Leading Causes of Death (Age-Adjusted Per 100,000) Vermont and United States

Chart 12-5 Number of Deaths Due to HIV/AIDS* Vermont, 1988 to 2005 35

450

400

Number of Deaths

350

300

25 20 15 10 5

250 04 20

02 20

00 20

98 19

96 19

94 19

90

92 19

200

19

88

0

19

Age-Adjusted Deaths Per 100,000 Population

30

Source: Vermont Department of Health, “Vermont Vital Statistics,” various years.

150

U.S. Heart

U.S. Cancer

VT Heart

20 04

20 02

20 00

19 98

19 96

19 94

19 92

19 90

19 88

19 86

19 84

19 82

100

VT Cancer

Note: The rates for the time period between 1952 and 1972 were in the 160 per 100,000 range. Source: Bureau of the Census, “Statistical Abstract of the United States,” various years; Vermont Department of Health, “Vermont Vital Statistics,” various years.

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 12: Health and Health Care Appendix ~ 3

Chart 12-7: Motor Vehicle Accident Death Rates Vermont and United States 1982 to 2004

25

60 50 40

20 10

Vermont

20 04

20 02

20 00

19 98

19 96

19 94

19 92

19 90

19 88

19 86

19 84

19 82

0

United States

Deaths Per 100,000 Population

20

30

19 80

Deaths Per 100,000 Population

Chart 12-6: Death Rates for All Accidents and Injuries (Per 100,000) Vermont and United States, 1980-2004

15

10

5 Source: Bureau of the Census, “Statistical Abstract of the United States,” various years; Vermont Department of Health, “Vermont Vital Statistics,” various years; National Center for Health Statistics, “Deaths: Injuries; National Vital Statistics Reports, Deaths: Final Data.”

Vermont

20 04

20 00 20 02

19 96 19 98

19 92 19 94

19 88 19 90

19 84 19 86

19 82

0

United States

Source: Bureau of the Census, “Statistical Abstract of the United States,” various years; Vermont Department of Health, “Vermont Vital Statistics,” various years; “Datapedia of the United States: American History in Numbers,” (2004), George Thomas Kurian.

4 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 12: Health and Health Care Appendix

Chart 12-8 Percent of Population Using Seatbelts Vermont and United States 1985 to 2007

Chart 12-9: Suicide Rate Per 100,000 Vermont and United States 1981 to 2005 18

4

05 20

01

03 20

20

99 19

95

97 19

19

93 19

91 19

19

20%

81

0 89

2

30%

87

40%

6

19

50%

8

85

60%

10

19

70%

12

19

Percent of population

80%

14

83

90%

16

19

Deaths Per 100,000 Population

100%

10% V e rm ont

V e rm ont

06 20

03 20

00 20

97 19

94 19

91 19

88 19

19

85

0%

Un ite d State s

Source: Center for Disease Control, National Center for Injury Prevention

Un it e d S t a t e s

Source: Vermont Department of Public Safety, Governor's Highway Safety, courtesy Steve Reckers. Note: A change in method of data collection partially explains the drop in 1998.

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 12: Health and Health Care Appendix ~ 5

Chart 12-10 Substance Abuse of High School Students* Self-Reports of Risk Behavior Vermont and United States 1993 to 2007 60%

Percent of students

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0% 1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

VT Current Alcohol Use

U.S. Current Alcohol Use

VT Current Marijuana Use

U.S. Current Marijuana Use

VT Frequent Smoking

U.S. Frequent Smoking

Source: Center for Disease Control, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, Healthy Youth! Youth Online: Comprehensive Results. *Definitions: “Current Alcohol Use” is the percentage of students who had at least one drink of alcohol on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey. “Current Marijuana Use” is the percentage of students who used marijuana one or more times during the 30 days before the survey. “Frequent Smoking” refers to the percentage of students who smoked cigarettes on 20 or more days during the 30 days before the survey.

6 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 12: Health and Health Care Appendix

Chart 12-11 Per Capita Alcohol Consumption Gallons of Ethanol Vermont and the United States 1970 to 2005

Chart 12-12 Percent of Adults Without Leisure Time Physical Activity Vermont and United States 1990 to 2007

35%

5 30%

Percent of adults

25% 20% 15% 10%

3 5% 0%

19 90 19 91 19 92 19 94 19 96 19 98 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07

Gallons of Ethanol

4

2

Verm ont

United States

Source: Center for Disease Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention & Health Promotion, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Physical Activity Statistics,

197 0 197 2 197 4 197 6 197 8 198 0 198 2 198 4 198 6 198 8 199 0 199 2 199 4 199 6 199 8 200 0 200 2 200 4

1

Vermont

United States

Source: National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, “Database Resources.”

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 12: Health and Health Care Appendix ~ 7

Chart 12-13 Percent of Women (Aged 40+) Having a Mammogram Within the Past 2 Years Vermont and United States 1990 to 2006

Chart 12-14 Percent Population Covered by Health Insurance * Vermont and United States

100%

90% 96%

70%

Percent of population

Percent of women over 40

80%

60% 50% 40% 30% 20%

92%

88%

84%

10% 0%

Vermont

20 05

20 03

80%

20 01

2005

19 99

2003

19 97

2000

19 95

1998

19 93

1996

19 91

1994

19 89

1992

19 87

1990

United States

Source: Center for Chronic Disease Prevention & Health Promotion, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Trends Data, Vermont vs. Nationwide.

8 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 12: Health and Health Care Appendix

Verm ont

United States

Source: Historical Statistics of the United States, Millennial Edition,:” Work and Welfare”; Bureau of the Census, “Statistical Abstract of the United States,” various years; Social Change in America: The Historical Handbook, edited by Patricia C. Becker, Bernan Press (2006); Health Insurance, Historical Health Insurance Tables, Table HI-4. Health Insurance Coverage Status and Type of Coverage by State All People: 1987 to 2005. * The Vermont data is based on estimates made by federal surveys of relatively small sample sizes. Larger Vermont based surveys for 2000 and 2005 arrived at figures that were within two percentage points of

Chart 12-15 Health Care Expenditures per Capita Vermont

Chart 12-16 Inpatient Hospital Care Measured by Discharge Rates Per 1,000 Age Adjusted Population Vermont and United States 1990 to 2006

$7,000

140 $6,000

Rate per 1,000 population

$5,000

$4,000

$3,000

$2,000

100 80 60 40 20

20 06

20 04

20 02

20 00

19 98

19 96

19 90

19 94

0

$1,000

19 92

Expenditures per capita

120

$0 1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2006

Source: Department of Banking, Insurance, Securities and Health Care Administration, “2006 Vermont Health Care Expenditure Analysis and Three Year Forecast,” Vermont January, 2008; Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services. “Health Expenditures by State of Residence: 1991-2004.”

Verm ont

United States

Source: Department of Banking, Insurance, Securities and Health Care Administration, “2006 Vermont Inpatient Hospitalization Re-

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 12: Health and Health Care Appendix ~ 9

Chart 12-17 Average Length of Acute Hospital Stay* Age Adjusted Vermont 1990 to 2006

Chart 12-18 Vermont State Hospital Year-End Census 1960 to 2008

1,400

7 6.5 6

1,200

5.5

4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5

20 06

20 04

20 02

20 00

19 98

19 96

19 94

19 92

19 90

2

Source: Department of Banking, Insurance, Securities and Health Care Administration, “2006 Vermont Inpatient Hospitalization Report,” June, 2006, VT Uniform Hospital Discharge Data Set.

Number of patients

Days

5

1,000 800 600 400 200 0 1960

1967

1974

1981

1988

1995

2002

Source: Vermont Department of Health, Mental Health Performance Indicator Project, “Inpatient Behavioral Health Care Services Provided to Vermont Residents, 19902005,” John Pandiani and Brennan Martin, August, 2007.

10 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 12: Health and Health Care Appendix

Chart 12-19 Vermont Community Mental Health Caseload* 1985 to 2007

Chart 12-20 Number of Cumulative Patient Days and Number of Hospitalization Episodes For Mental Illness plus Substance Abuse Vermont 1990 to 2005

30000

90,000

25000

80,000

20000

70,000

15000

60,000

6,000

20,000 1,000 10,000 0

Number of Patient Days

20 04

20 02

20 00

19 98

0 19 96

Source: Based on analysis of Monthly Service Report data provided to the Vermont Department of Mental Health by designated community mental health agencies. Analysis conducted by the Vermont Mental Health Performance Indicator Project. * Caseload includes only Vermont Community Mental Health Centers, not hospitals or private practice.

2,000

30,000

19 94

19 85 19 87 19 89 19 91 19 93 19 95 19 97 19 99 20 01 20 03 20 05 20 07

0

3,000 40,000

19 92

5000

50,000

19 90

10000

4,000

Number of Episodes

5,000

Patient days

Size of caseload

35000

Episodes

Source: Vermont Department of Health, Mental Health Performance Indicator Project, “Inpatient Behavioral Health Care Services Provided to Vermont residents, 1990-2005,” Vermont Department of Health, John Pandiani and Brennan Martin, August, 2007.

Vermont in Transition: Chapter 12: Health and Health Care Appendix ~ 11

Chart 12-22 Active Physicians and Percent Female Vermont 1996 to 2006 35%

2,000

30%

25%

500 20% 400 15% 300 10% 200

Percenr Readmission

Number of Admissions

600

1,800

5%

100

0%

19 82 19 84 19 86 19 88 19 90 19 92 19 94 19 96 19 98 20 00 20 02 20 04 20 06 20 08

0

Num ber of Adm issions

Num ber of Discharges

% Readm ission Under 30 Days

% Readm ission Under 180 Days

Source: Vermont Department of Health, Mental Health Performance Indicator Pro-

12 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 12: Health and Health Care Appendix

Number of active physicians

700

30%

1,600 25%

1,400 1,200

20%

1,000 15%

800 600

10%

Percent female

Chart 12-21 Hospital Admissions, Discharges & Readmissions For Vermont State Hospital

400 5%

200 0

0% 1996

2000

Percent fem ale

2004 Num ber of Physicians

Source: Vermont Department of Health, “2006 Physician Survey Statistical Report.”

Vermont in Transition:

A Summary of Social Economic and Environmental Trends A study by

Center for Social Science Research at Saint Michael’s College Vince Bolduc, Ph. D. and Herb Kessel, Ph. D. for the

Council on the Future of Vermont December 2008

GOVERNANCE, CIVIC ENGAGEMENT, AND QUALITY OF LIFE ~ APPENDIX Chapter 14:

The Appendix for this chapter contains the following charts: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

Percentage of People who Agree/Disagree with Various Statements on Vermont Government and the Engagement of Vermonters, 2008 Number and Percentage of Registered Voters at Town Meeting,Vermont, 2001-2008 Campaign Finance Summary,Vermont, 2007-2008 Session Length and Number of Days to Pass the Appropriations Bill,Vermont, 1998-2007 Yearly Cases Added and Disposed In Vermont Trial Courts, Total of Superior, District, and Family Courts, FY1988FY2008 Vermont Juvenile Delinquency Cases, Cases Disposed, FY 1985 – FY 2007 Total Vermont State Expenditures versus Revenue, FY 1997 – 2007 Vermont State Expenditures, All Sources, 1998 and 2007 State and Local Welfare Spending, As a Percentage of General Spending,Various Years, 1992-2004 Vermont State Expenditures, Five Largest 2007 Categories, FY 1998– 2007 State and Local General Expenditures Per Capita,Various Years, 1993-2004 Vermont Executive Branch Employees, 1994-2008 Executive Branch Employee Distribution, by Agency/Department, FY 2007 Number of Government Units in the State of Vermont,Various Years, 1992-2007 Vermont State Revenue, All Sources, 1998 and 2007 State and Local General Revenue from Federal Government, Dollar Amount and Percentage of General Spending, Various Years, 1992-2004,Vermont Main Volunteer Activity, United States, 2007

Vermont Council on   Rural Development  43 State Street., PO Box 1384  Montpelier, VT  05601‐1384  (802) 223‐6091  [email protected];    http://www.vtrural.org 

Vermont in Transition: Governance, Civic Engagement, and Quality of Life Appendix ~

Chart 14-1 The Percentage of People who Agree/Disagree with Various Statements on Vermont Government and the Engagement of Vermonters 2008

“I value the accessibility of government in Vermont.”

“Are you concerned about the level of engagement of Vermonters in their local governments?”

Strongly disagree

Disagree

3%

11% Neutral 13%

Very concerned

Not at all concerned 32%

15%

Strongly agree

Moderately concerned

32%

Agree

29%

Slightly concerned 24%

41%

“I value the participatory government in Vermont.” Disagree 5% Neutral 11%

Strongly disagree 1% Strongly agree 46%

Agree 37% Source: Center for Rural Studies (http://crs.uvm.edu) 2008 Council on the Future of Vermont Telephone Survey.

2 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 14: Governance, Civic Engagement, and Quality of Life Appendix

Chart 14-2 Number of and Percentage of Registered Voters at Town Meeting Vermont 7%

500,000 450,000

6%

400,000 5%

350,000 300,000

4%

250,000 3%

200,000 150,000

2%

100,000 1%

50,000

0%

0 2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Voter Checklist Num ber Num ber of Voters at Tow n Meeting Num ber of Voters using Australian Ballots Num ber of Voters using Absentee Ballots Percentage of Voters Using Absentee Ballots Source: Vermont Secretary of State http://vermont-elections.org/elections1/townmeetingturnout.html Note: It is difficult to find “trends” given the small amount of data. Also note that percentages of “Voters at Town Meeting” and “Voters Using Australian Ballot” are not calculated because data is problematic or incomplete.

Vermont in Transition: Governance, Civic Engagement, and Quality of Life Appendix ~ 3

Chart 14-3 Campaign Finance Summary Vermont 2007 to 2008

Category

Chart 14-4 Session Length and Number of Days to Pass the Appropriations Bill Vermont

Total

Rank*

Total Itemized Contributions++

$3,131,575

47

Total to Democrats

$2,594,640

40

Percent to Democrats

82.9%

1

20

Total to Republicans

$523,009

50

0

Percent to Republicans

16.7%

50

Individual donations ($200+) Soft money donations

$3,312,704

47

$0

24

$132,778

46

100

PAC donations

60

20 06

20 04

20 02

20 00

19 98

19 96

19 94

19 92

19 90

40

19 88

# of days

80

Actual Days in Legis. Session Days taken to Pass Appropriations Bill Source: http://www.leg.state.vt.us/HouseClerk/Legislative% 20Process.htm

Source: Center for Responsive Politics. http://opensecrets.org/states/ summary.php?state=VT *Rank shows how Vermont compares to all 50 states. ++This figure includes PAC contributions and individual contributions to candidates and parties.

Chart 14-5 Yearly Cases Added and Disposed In Vermont Trial Courts Total of Superior, District, and Family Courts FY1988 to FY2008 60,000

Number of cases

55,000 50,000 45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 1988

1990

1992

1994

Added

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

Disposed

Source: Vermont Judiciary, Office of the Court Administrator. Compilation of

4 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 14: Governance, Civic Engagement, and Quality of Life Appendix

Chart 14-6 Vermont Juvenile Delinquency Cases Cases Disposed FY 1985 to FY 2007

Chart 14-7 Total Vermont State Expenditures versus Revenue FY 1997 to 2007 (in millions) $4,100

Millions of dollars

1,800 1,600

# of cases

1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600

$3,600 $3,100 $2,600 $2,100 $1,600 $1,100

400

$600

200

$100 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

0 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 Source: Vermont Annual Judicial Statistics, Office of the Court Administrator, in Vermont Department of Children and Families, “Juvenile Justice Sourcebook: Delinquency Dispositions in Vermont, 2007.”

Total Expenditures

Total Revenue

Source: “Vermont Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for Period Ending June 30, 2007,” page 203-204.

Note: The number of cases that flow through the juvenile courts are quite stable from year to year, with major fluctuations more a result of enforcement or court policy than the behavior of Vermont’s young citizens. The rise that appears in the chart above in the mid-1990’s is largely a reflection of changes in the policy towards the “possession of malt beverages.” In 2007, the typical violator who was charged was a 15 year old male and the most common offenses that resulted in charges for males were violations against property (433) and violence (357), followed by drug offenses (186) and violations against the public order (177). In that year, there were 1,256 charges brought against males and 459 against females. The total charges for possession of weapons at school were 23 and 31 for sexual assault.

Vermont in Transition: Governance, Civic Engagement, and Quality of Life Appendix ~ 5

Chart 14-8 Vermont State Expenditures All Sources 1998 and 2007 2007

25

$130,983,914

$66,604,950

20

Protection to persons and property Human services

113,904,695

247,732,080

771,326,892

1,521,057,433

Employment and training

23,926,899

24,487,881

General education

315,650,561

1,609,653,282

Natural resources

67,002,990

97,456,248

Commerce & community develop. Transportation

32,808,072

30,607,512

229,415,218

379,347,072

Public service enterprises

1,505,472

1,890,030

Capital outlay

5,630,110

37,034,547

Debt service, interest

24,256,578

23,032,806

Debt service, principal

45,695,000

46,097,158

1,762,106,401

4,085,000,999

General Government

Total State Expenditures

20 15

15.9

15 10 10 5

5 0

State Rank

1998

Spending as a Percent

Category of Expenditure

Chart 14-9 State and Local Welfare Spending in Vermont* As a Percentage of General Spending

0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1999 2000 2002 2004

Spending as a Percent

State Rank

Source: Hovey, Kendra A. and Harold A. Hovey, CQ’s State Fact Finder, various years, Congressional Quarterly Press. * In addition to cash payments, the definition of Welfare spending includes “Medicaid and other payments to vendors, administrative costs, and welfare

Chart 14-10 Vermont State Expenditures Five Largest 2007 Categories (in millions) FY 1998 to 2007

Source: “Vermont Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for Period Ending June 30, 2007,” pages 202-203. $1,600

in millions

$1,400 $1,200 $1,000 $800 $600 $400 $200 $0 1998

1999

2000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 General Education Hum an Services Transportation Prote ction of persons & prop. Natural Resources

2006

2007

Source: “Vermont Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for Period Ending

6 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 14: Governance, Civic Engagement, and Quality of Life Appendix

Expenditures Per capita

Chart 14-11: State and Local General Expenditures Per Capita in Vermont* 1993 to 2004 $8,000.00

Chart 14-13 Executive Branch Employee Distribution by Agency/Department FY 2007

$7,000.00 $6,000.00 $5,000.00

Constitutional Offices**, 2.3%

$4,000.00 $3,000.00

Nat Resources, 7.3%

$2,000.00 $1,000.00 $0.00 1993

1994 1995

1996

1997 1999

2000

2002 2004

Agriculture, 1.2%

Commerce and Community Devel., 1.2%

Administratio n, 9.4%

Local General Expenditures Per Capita State General Expenditures Per Capita Source: Hovey, Kendra A. and Harold A. Hovey, CQ’s State Fact Finder, various years, Congressional Quarterly Press. * State aid to local governments is included only when local officials spend the resources. This avoids double counting. In all years presented, Vermont ranks among the highest 21 states in total expenditures per capita. In 2004, the total $7,077 was the 9th highest amount of the 50 states

Transportatio n, 15.1% Independent Dpts*, 20.4%

Source: “State of Vermont Workforce Report – FY 2007, Workforce Characteristics.”*Independent Departments include: Public Safety, Labor, Education, Defender General, BISHCA, Liquor Control, Military, Public service, and State’s Attorney’s and Sheriffs. Constitutional Offices (also called Statewide Elected Offices) include: Attorney General, Auditor of Accounts, Governor’s Office, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, and State Treasurer.

Chart 14-12: Vermont Executive Branch Employees 1994 to 2008

Number of Employees

Human Services, 43.2%

8,500 8,000 7,500 7,000 6,500 6,000 5,500 5,000 4,500 4,000 1994

1996

1998

Classified

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Grand Total

Source: Vermont Department of Human Resources, extracted from Human Capital Management System, courtesy Doug Pine. Note: Classified service positions are competitive appointments under a merit system of personnel administration. The remaining number that constitute the grand total are “exempt” employees which are generally filled through elective or appointive processes.

Vermont in Transition: Governance, Civic Engagement, and Quality of Life Appendix ~ 7

Chart 14-15 Vermont State Revenue: All Sources 1998 and 2007

Chart 14-14 Number of Government Units in the State of Vermont* 1992 to 2007 734 750

682

692

650 600 550 500 1997

1998

2007

$981,170,111

$2,460,570,749

Fees

30,723,658

70,221,353

Sales of service, rents, leases

18,155,472

13,723,675

690,679,253

1,243,957,617

Fines, forfeits, penalties

7,373,244

19,315,425

Investment income

7,216,805

17,316,519

Licenses

61,237,739

92,593,084

Special assessments

32,768,035

29,026,116

Other revenues

34,213,995

71,338,330

1,863,535,312

4,018,098,868

Taxes

700

1992

Source of revenue

733

2002

2007

Sources: Hovey, Kendra A. and Harold A. Hovey, CQ’s State Fact Finder, various years, Congressional Quarterly Press; Bureau of the Census, Census of Governments, 1992, 1997, 2002, 2007; * Includes all towns, cities, school districts, water and sewer districts, etc.

Federal grants

Total State Revenue

Source: “Vermont Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for Period Ending June 30, 2007,” pages 202-203.

8 ~ Vermont in Transition: Chapter 14: Governance, Civic Engagement, and Quality of Life Appendix

Chart 14-17  Main Volunteer Activity, United States  2007

$1,600.00

35

$1,400.00

30

$1,200.00

25

$1,000.00

20

$800.00

15

$600.00

10

$400.00

5

$200.00 $0.00

0

Percent from Federal Gov't

General Revenue from Fed. (miilions)

Chart 14-16: State and Local General Revenue from Federal Government * Dollar Amount and Percentage of General Spending in Vermont, 1992 to 2004

Coach, referee, or supervise sports

Percent distribution of main volunteer activity 5.8%

Tutor or teach

10.8

Mentor youth

5.8

Be an usher, greeter or minister

4.2

Collect prepare, distribute food

9.2

Collect, make, or distribute clothing, crafts

3.2

Fundraise or sell items to raise money

10.9

Provide counseling, medical care, fire/EMS, or protective services Provide general office services

3.1

Provide professional management assistance, board member Engage in music, performance or other artistic activity

7.6

Engage in general labor, transportation

8.3

Other

14.3

“Equal time among all”

7.7

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1999 2000 2002 2004

Total General Revenue, ($ in Millions) Percent from Federal Gov't Source: Hovey, Kendra A. and Harold A. Hovey, CQ’s State Fact Finder, various years, Congressional Quarterly Press. * Federal aid contributing to “general revenue” is defined by the Census survey of government finances. It excludes certain trust funds, but includes such funds as those for highway construction. In all years presented, Vermont ranked among the highest three to 11 states in its percent of general revenue from the Federal Government.

4.7

4.4

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Volunteering in the United States, 2007,” USDL 08-0090

Vermont in Transition: Governance, Civic Engagement, and Quality of Life Appendix ~ 9

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