U.s. Department Of Justice Office Of Justice Programs

U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs

Revised 3/24/09

Bureau of Justice Statistics December 2008, NCJ 224707

Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables By Lauren E. Glaze and Thomas P. Bonczar

Table 1. Number of persons under adult correctional supervision, 2000-07

Year 2000 2001 2002 2003c 2004 2005 2006d 2007e Percent change, 2006-07 Average annual percent change, 2000-07

Total estimated correctional populationa 6,445,100 6,581,700 6,758,800 6,924,500 6,995,000 7,051,900 7,181,500 7,328,200

Community supervisionb 4,550,100 4,664,100 4,775,000 4,889,900 4,915,600 4,947,400 5,014,400 5,117,500

Percent of U.S. adult Percent of total correcIncarcerated in resident population on tional population on prison or jail correctional supervision community supervision 1,937,500 1,961,200 2,033,000 2,081,600 2,135,300 2,195,900 2,259,000 2,293,200

2.0%

2.1%

1.5%

1.9%

1.7%

2.4%

3.1% 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2

Percent of U.S. adult resident population on community supervision

70.6% 70.9 70.6 70.6 70.3 70.2 69.8 69.8

2.2% 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

Note: Counts of probationers, parolees, and prisoners are for December 31. All jail counts are for June 30. Jail and prison counts include inmates held in private facilities. Estimates were rounded to the nearest 100. a

Includes offenders on probation and parole. Because some offenders may have multiple statuses (i.e., held in a prison or jail but remain under the jurisdiction of a probation or parole authority) totals in 2000-04 exclude probationers held in jail or prison; totals in 2005-06 exclude probationers and parolees held in jail or prison; and the total in 2007 excludes probationers and parolees held in jail or prison, probationers who were also under parole supervision, and parolees who were also under probation supervision. For these reasons, details do not sum to total.

b

Totals include some offenders held in a prison or jail but who remained under the jurisdiction of a probation or parole agency.

cDue

to changes in reporting, total probation and parole counts include estimated counts for Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Washington based on reporting methods comparable to 2004. dIllinois

did not provide parole or prison data for 2006; therefore, all parole and prison data for Illinois were estimated. See Methodology and Prisoners in 2006, NCJ 219416.

e

Oklahoma did not provide community supervision data for 2007; therefore, all data for Oklahoma were estimated. See Methodology. Illinois, Maine, and Nevada did not provide prison data for 2007; therefore, all prison data for these 3 states were estimated. See Prisoners in 2007, NCJ 224280.

Revised 3/24/09

Table 2. Adults on probation, 2007 2007

Probation population, 1/1/2007

Entries Reported Imputeda

Reported

Imputeda

Probation population, 12/31/2007

4,215,361

2,183,333

2,363,900

2,122,681

2,287,400

4,293,163

1.8%

1,873

24,465 4,190,896

11,815 2,171,518

11,815 2,352,100

12,830 2,109,851

12,830 2,274,600

23,450 4,269,713

-4.1% 1.9

10 1,863

Northeast Connecticutc Maine Massachusettsd New Hampshirec New Jersey New York Pennsylvaniae Rhode Islandc Vermontc,d

700,556 54,314 7,919 172,383 4,590 133,158 122,359 172,184 26,017 7,632

219,222 28,681 3,625 94,000 3,080 40,223 36,952 2,534 5,747 4,380

285,900 28,681 3,625 94,000 3,080 40,223 36,952 69,300 5,747 4,380

222,276 25,502 3,691 90,964 3,020 46,991 39,348 2,180 5,627 4,953

284,500 25,502 3,691 90,964 3,020 46,991 39,348 64,500 5,627 4,953

701,951 57,493 7,853 175,419 4,650 126,390 119,963 176,987 26,137 7,059

0.2% 5.9 -0.8 1.8 1.3 -5.1 -2.0 2.8 0.5 -7.5

1,657 2,136 754 3,484 454 1,901 804 1,829 3,167 1,436

Midwest Illinoisc Indianac Iowac Kansasd Michiganc,d,e Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota Ohioc,d,e South Dakotad Wisconsin

998,775 141,000 128,655 22,622 15,518 181,024 126,616 55,098 18,731 4,320 244,512 5,661 55,018

564,966 59,734 96,049 15,924 20,084 81,022 79,731 25,933 14,896 2,995 139,794 3,698 25,106

636,600 59,734 96,049 15,924 20,084 132,300 79,731 25,933 14,896 2,995 160,100 3,698 25,106

551,617 57,944 98,142 15,770 19,471 80,140 78,550 24,791 14,717 2,847 128,862 3,489 26,894

622,200 57,944 98,142 15,770 19,471 129,900 78,550 24,791 14,717 2,847 149,700 3,489 26,894

1,012,378 142,790 126,562 22,776 16,131 182,706 127,797 56,240 18,910 4,468 254,898 5,870 53,230

1.4% 1.3 -1.6 0.7 4.0 0.9 0.9 2.1 1.0 3.4 4.2 3.7 -3.2

2,008 1,471 2,646 996 771 2,392 3,226 1,256 1,417 896 2,917 972 1,237

1,719,489 Southb 46,367 Alabamaf Arkansas 31,166 Delaware 16,958 District of Columbia 6,670 272,242 Floridac,d,e Georgiac,g 432,436 36,396 Kentuckyc,d,e Louisiana 38,145 94,100 Marylandc,f 24,107 Mississippid 110,419 North Carolinac Oklahomac,h ** South Carolina 43,284 52,057 Tennesseed Texas 431,967 48,144 Virginiac 7,668 West Virginiae

960,812 20,101 9,368 15,334 5,004 236,182 281,252 12,210 14,887 36,786 9,773 66,432 ** 13,968 23,686 182,948 28,439 1,657

987,100 20,101 9,368 15,334 5,004 243,000 281,252 20,600 14,887 36,786 9,773 66,432 13,800 13,968 23,686 182,948 28,439 1,700

936,524 14,723 8,858 15,596 5,189 233,891 278,327 9,596 14,026 32,416 12,257 65,405 ** 14,531 23,024 180,606 24,629 1,452

958,300 14,723 8,858 15,596 5,189 239,700 278,327 14,500 14,026 32,416 12,257 65,405 13,000 14,531 23,024 180,606 24,629 1,500

1,750,300 51,745 31,676 16,696 6,485 274,079 435,361 42,510 39,006 98,470 21,623 111,446 ** 42,721 56,179 434,309 51,954 7,890

1.8% 11.6 1.6 -1.5 -2.8 0.7 0.7 16.8 2.3 4.6 -10.3 0.9 : -1.3 7.9 0.5 7.9 2.9

2,091 1,468 1,476 2,513 1,362 1,917 6,144 1,306 1,208 2,301 1,001 1,612 : 1,264 1,190 2,485 877 553

Region and jurisdiction U.S. totalb Federal Stateb

Exits

2 Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

Percent change, 2007

Number on probation per 100,000 adult residents, 12/31/2007

Revised 3/26/09

Table 2. Adults on probation, 2007 (cont.)

Region and jurisdiction

Probation population, 1/1/2007

West 772,076 6,111 Alaskad 73,265 Arizonac Californiac 346,495 63,032 Coloradoc,d,e 18,598 Hawaiic Idahoc,e,i 48,609 8,763 Montanac,d Nevada 13,208 17,878 New Mexicoc,e Oregon 43,988 Utah 10,417 Washingtonc,d,e,f 116,487 Wyoming 5,225

2007 Entries Reported Imputeda 426,518 1,215 29,352 195,554 47,993 6,522 39,657 4,125 7,549 3,484 16,968 5,542 66,041 2,516

Reported

Imputeda

Probation population, 12/31/2007

399,434 910 25,787 188,080 33,351 5,694 39,603 3,782 7,296 3,042 17,224 5,130 67,152 2,383

409,500 910 25,787 188,080 33,900 5,694 39,603 3,782 7,296 4,700 17,224 5,130 75,000 2,383

805,084 6,416 76,830 353,969 77,635 19,426 48,663 9,106 13,461 20,774 43,732 10,829 118,885 5,358

Exits

442,500 1,215 29,352 195,554 48,500 6,522 39,657 4,125 7,549 7,600 16,968 5,542 77,400 2,516

Percent change, 2007 4.3% 5.0 4.9 2.2 23.2 4.5 0.1 3.9 1.9 16.2 -0.6 4.0 2.1 2.5

Number on probation per 100,000 adult residents, 12/31/2007 1,528 1,269 1,627 1,295 2,094 1,934 4,405 1,223 697 1,400 1,504 584 2,390 1,334

Note: Because of nonresponse or incomplete data, the probation population for some jurisdictions on December 31, 2007, does not equal the population on January 1, plus entries, minus exits. Rates were computed using the estimated adult resident population in each state on January 1, 2008. **Not known. :Not calculated. aReflects

reported data except for jurisdictions in which data were not available. See Methodology. Details may not sum to totals because of

rounding. bIncludes

an estimated 26,000 probationers under supervision in Oklahoma on January 1 and December 31, 2007. See Methodology. Also includes data reported by two local probation agencies in Oklahoma; 1,363 probationers under supervision on January 1, an estimated 2,785 probationers who entered supervision, an estimated 1,998 probationers who exited supervision, and 2,150 probationers under supervision on December 31, 2007.

c

Some or all detailed data are estimated.

dExcludes

probationers in one of the following categories: absconder, warrant, supervised out of state, electronic monitoring, or intensive supervision. eData fDue g

for entries and exits were estimated for non-reporting agencies. See Methodology.

to a change in recordkeeping procedures, data are not comparable to previous reports.

Counts include private agency cases and may overstate the number of persons under supervision.

hThe

state agency did not provide data. See Methodology. Two localities reported 1,363 probationers under supervision on January 1 and 2,150 probationers under supervision on December 31, 2007. See Methodology for details on entries and exits. iCounts

include estimates for misdemeanors based on entries.

Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

3

Table 3. Adults on parole, 2007

Region and jurisdiction U.S. totalb,c

Parole population, 1/1/2007

2007 Entries Reported Imputeda

Exits Reported Imputeda

Parole population, 12/3120/07

Number on parole per Percent change, 100,000 adult 2007 residents, 12/31/2007

799,058

505,965

555,900

482,180

531,400

824,365

3.2%

360

88,993 710,065

43,077 462,888

43,077 512,800

39,397 442,783

39,397 492,000

92,673 731,692

4.1% 3.0

40 319

Northeast Connecticut Maine Massachusettsd New Hampshire New Jersey New York Pennsylvaniae Rhode Island Vermontd,f

152,744 2,567 31 3,435 1,621 14,405 53,001 76,386 332 966

55,405 2,319 2 4,952 709 9,505 25,467 11,432 515 504

70,000 2,319 2 4,952 709 9,505 25,467 26,000 515 504

54,210 2,709 1 5,178 677 8,867 24,799 11,060 385 534

67,500 2,709 1 5,178 677 8,867 24,799 24,300 385 534

155,288 2,177 32 3,209 1,653 15,043 53,669 78,107 462 936

1.7% -15.2 3.2 -6.6 2.0 4.4 1.3 2.3 39.2 -3.1

367 81 3 64 162 226 360 807 56 190

Midwestb Illinoisd Indiana Iowa Kansasf Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota Ohio South Dakota Wisconsin

130,821 / 8,205 3,578 4,886 18,486 4,445 18,815 797 372 17,603 2,767 16,767

71,105 / 9,217 2,500 5,278 13,173 5,715 14,114 1,015 784 10,007 1,845 7,457

105,400 34,300 9,217 2,500 5,278 13,173 5,715 14,114 1,015 784 10,007 1,845 7,457

64,837 / 7,060 2,532 5,322 10,528 5,416 13,080 1,012 814 10,035 1,800 7,238

99,800 35,000 7,060 2,532 5,322 10,528 5,416 13,080 1,012 814 10,035 1,800 7,238

136,343 33,354 10,362 3,546 4,842 21,131 4,744 19,849 800 342 17,575 2,812 16,986

4.2% : 26.3 -0.9 -0.9 14.3 6.7 5.5 0.4 -8.1 -0.2 1.6 1.3

270 344 217 155 232 277 120 443 60 69 201 466 395

Southc Alabamad,g Arkansas Delaware District of Columbia Floridad Georgia Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Mississippi North Carolinad Oklahomad South Carolina Tennessee Texasd Virginiag West Virginia

238,484 7,508 18,057 544 5,341 4,790 22,958 11,755 23,832 14,351 1,899 3,236 / 2,766 9,570 100,053 7,201 1,523

106,989 2,464 9,082 366 2,468 7,036 11,935 5,945 13,652 7,122 1,021 3,552 / 599 4,568 33,897 1,845 1,437

108,000 2,464 9,082 366 2,468 7,036 11,935 5,945 13,652 7,122 1,021 3,552 1,000 599 4,568 33,897 1,845 1,437

101,793 2,182 7,751 375 2,240 7,172 11,782 4,959 13,399 7,617 905 3,477 / 932 3,474 32,202 2,196 1,130

102,800 2,182 7,751 375 2,240 7,172 11,782 4,959 13,399 7,617 905 3,477 1,000 932 3,474 32,202 2,196 1,130

243,512 7,790 19,388 535 5,569 4,654 23,111 12,741 24,085 13,856 2,015 3,311 / 2,433 10,496 101,748 6,850 1,830

2.1% 3.8 7.4 -1.7 4.3 -2.8 0.7 8.4 1.1 -3.4 6.1 2.3 : -12.0 9.7 1.7 -4.9 20.2

291 221 904 81 1,169 33 326 392 746 324 93 48 : 72 222 582 116 128

Federal Stateb,c

4 Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

Table 3. Adults on parole, 2007 (cont.)

Region and jurisdiction West Alaskag Arizonad Californiaf Colorado Hawaii Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexicod,f,g Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming

Parole population, 1/1/2007

2007 Entries Reported Imputeda

Exits Reported Imputeda

229,389 709 14,862 178,161 9,089 694 1,689 769 3,653 2,013 9,210 2,524 5,708 308

221,943 692 14,518 174,076 7,554 892 1,307 647 3,824 2,003 8,583 2,269 5,302 276

188,016 1,527 6,463 118,592 9,551 2,308 2,732 844 3,824 3,517 22,031 3,342 12,611 674

229,389 709 14,862 178,161 9,089 694 1,689 769 3,653 2,013 9,210 2,524 5,708 308

221,943 692 14,518 174,076 7,554 892 1,307 647 3,824 2,003 8,583 2,269 5,302 276

Parole population, 12/31/2007

Number on parole per Percent change, 100,000 adult 2007 residents, 12/31/2007

196,549 1,544 6,807 123,764 11,086 2,110 3,114 966 3,653 3,527 22,658 3,597 13,017 706

4.5% 1.1 5.3 4.4 16.1 -8.6 14.0 14.5 -4.5 0.3 2.8 7.6 3.2 4.7

373 305 144 453 299 210 282 130 189 238 779 194 262 176

Note: Because of nonresponse or incomplete data, the parole population for some jurisdictions on December 31, 2007, does not equal the population on January 1, plus entries, minus exits. Rates were computed using the estimated adult resident population in each state on January 1, 2008. /Not reported. :Not calculated. a Reflects reported data except for jurisdictions in which data were not available. See Methodology. Details may not sum to totals because of rounding. b

Includes an estimated 34,100 parolees under supervision in Illinois on January 1, 2007. See Methodology.

cIncludes dSome

an estimated 3,100 parolees under supervision in Oklahoma on January 1 and December 31, 2007. See Methodology.

or all data were estimated.

eData

for entries and exits were estimated for nonreporting county agencies. See Methodology. The December 31, 2007, population includes 25,475 parolees under state parole supervision. Reported entries are parolees who entered state parole supervision through a discretionary release from prison. f

Excludes parolees in one of the following categories: absconder, out of state, inactive, or only have financial conditions remaining.

g

Due to a change in recordkeeping procedures, data are not comparable to previous reports.

Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

5

Table 5. Characteristics of adults on parole, 1995, 2000, and 2007

Table 4. Characteristics of adults on probation, 1995, 2000, and 2007 1995

2000

2007

Total

100%

100%

100%

Gender Male Female

79% 21

78% 22

77% 23

53% 31 14

54% 31 13

55% 29 13

1

1

1

-...

1 ...

1 --

48% 15 26 6 4

56% 11 25 7 1

Race/Hispanic origin Whitea Blacka Hispanic or Latino American Indian/Alaska Nativea Asian/Native Hawaiian/ other Pacific Islandera Two or more racesa Status of probation Direct imposition Split sentence Sentence suspended Imposition suspended Other Status of supervision Active Residential/other treatment program Financial conditions remaining Inactive Absconder Supervised out of state Warrant status Other

54% 9 27 8 2

79%

76%

...

...

1

... 8 9 2 ... 2

... 9 9 3 ... 3

2 7 9 3 7 2

Type of offense Felony Misdemeanor Other infractions

54% 44 2

52% 46 2

47% 51 3

Most serious offense Violent Property Drug Public-orderb Otherc

... ... 16 ... 84

... ... 24 24 52

17% 24 27 18 13

bIncludes

2000

2007

Total

100%

100%

100%

Gender Male Female

90% 10

88% 12

88% 12

34% 45 21

38% 40 21

42% 37 19

1

1

1

-...

-...

1 --

78% 11 6 4

83% 4 7 5

84% 4 7 4

... --

... 1

-2

Sentence length Less than 1 year 1 year or more

6% 94

3% 97

4% 96

Type of offense Violent Property Drug Public order Other

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

26% 24 37 7 6

Race White* Black* Hispanic or Latino American Indian/Alaska Native* Asian/Native Hawaiian/ other Pacific Islander* Two or more races* Status of supervision Active Inactive Absconder Supervised out of state Financial conditions remaining Other

70%

Note: Each characteristic includes persons of unknown type. Detail may not sum to total because of rounding. --Less than 0.5%. ...Not available. aExcludes

1995

persons of Hispanic origin.

driving while intoxicated and other traffic offenses only.

c In 1995 and 2000, violent and property offenses were reported among other offenses. In 1995, public-order offenses were also reported among other offenses.

6 Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

Note: Each characteristic includes persons of unknown type. Detail may not sum to total because of rounding. --Less than 0.5%. ...Not available. *Excludes persons of Hispanic origin.

Table 6. Parolees returned to incarceration, 2007 Region and jurisdiction U.S. total

Total population at-risk of re-incarcerationa,b

Returned to incarcerationc Number Percent

1,180,469

183,253

15.5%

132,070 1,048,399

10,573 172,680

8.0% 16.5

Northeast Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Rhode Island Vermont

156,866 4,886 33 8,387 2,330 23,910 78,468 36,535 847 1,470

23,125 1,463 0 931 569 2,757 11,880 5,243 111 171

14.7% 29.9 0.0 11.1 24.4 11.5 15.1 14.4 13.1 11.6

Midwest Indiana Iowa Kansas Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota Ohio South Dakota Wisconsin

167,826 17,422 6,078 10,164 31,659 10,160 32,929 1,812 1,156 27,610 4,612 24,224

24,985 1,110 774 1,494 4,095 2,286 8,213 278 168 1,876 870 3,821

14.9% 6.4 12.7 14.7 12.9 22.5 24.9 15.3 14.5 6.8 18.9 15.8

South Alabama Arkansas District of Columbia Florida Georgia Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Texas West Virginia

332,387 9,942 27,139 7,809 11,826 34,893 17,700 37,484 21,473 2,920 6,788 3,365 14,138 133,950 2,960

29,780 687 2,843 920 1,804 4,491 3,101 2,688 1,599 209 198 209 1,606 9,009 416

9.0% 6.9 10.5 11.8 15.3 12.9 17.5 7.2 7.4 7.2 2.9 6.2 11.4 6.7 14.1

West Arizona California Colorado Hawaii Idaho Montana Nevada Oregon Utah Wyoming

391,320 21,325 296,753 18,640 3,002 4,421 1,613 7,477 31,241 5,866 982

94,790 2,934 81,431 4,361 313 501 195 509 2,823 1,648 75

24.2% 13.8 27.4 23.4 10.4 11.3 12.1 6.8 9.0 28.1 7.6

Federal State

a Includes 685,175 adults on parole on January 1 and 495,294 who entered parole between January 1 and December 31, 2007; see table 3. b Excludes an estimated 174,422 at risk of re-incarceration for which the total returned during 2007 was not reported, including Pennsylvania counties (estimated at 65,851), Illinois (estimated at 68,400), Delaware (910), Oklahoma (estimated at 4,100), Virginia (9,046), Alaska (2,236), New Mexico (5,530), Washington (18,319), and one locality in Alabama (30). See Methodology. c Excludes persons who may have been returned to incarceration but were reported as unsatisfactory (8,834), absconder (53,981), other (9,452), or unknown (4,133). See table 7 for state data. May also exclude some persons reported as having completed parole for whom outstanding warrants were executed immediately upon exit from parole.

Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

7

Table 7. Adults leaving parole, by type of exit, 2007

Region and jurisdiction U.S. total

Total reported exits Completion

Number of adults exiting parole, 2007 Returned to prison or jail With new With Other Total sentence revocation Other unsatisfactorya

Otherb

Unknown

482,180

214,604

183,253

47,357

129,609

6,287

8,834

71,356

4,133

39,397 442,783

24,152 190,452

10,573 172,680

1,963 45,394

8,490 121,119

120 6,167

1,678 7,156

2,994 68,362

0 4,133

Northeast Connecticutc Maine Massachusettsc New Hampshire New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Rhode Island Vermontc

54,210 2,709 1 5,178 677 8,867 24,799 11,060 385 534

29,195 849 0 4,206 94 6,052 12,626 4,788 273 307

23,125 1,463 0 931 569 2,757 11,880 5,243 111 171

4,774 0 0 ** 569 274 1,960 1,884 23 64

15,717 0 0 ** 0 2,483 9,704 3,359 88 83

2,634 1,463 0 931 0 0 216 0 0 24

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1,603 198 1 41 13 58 293 942 1 56

287 199 0 0 1 0 0 87 0 0

Midwest Illinoisd Indiana Iowa Kansas Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota Ohio South Dakota Wisconsin

64,837 / 7,060 2,532 5,322 10,528 5,416 13,080 1,012 814 10,035 1,800 7,238

35,553 / 5,244 1,731 2,055 6,273 2,692 4,709 730 639 7,429 741 3,310

24,985 / 1,110 774 1,494 4,095 2,286 8,213 278 168 1,876 870 3,821

5,817 / ** ** 192 1,994 222 1,164 33 32 1,327 112 741

18,049 / ** 774 1,293 2,101 2,064 7,049 245 136 549 758 3,080

1,119 / 1,110 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

54 / 0 0 0 0 0 ~ 0 0 0 25 29

4,234 / 695 27 1,773 160 438 158 4 7 730 164 78

11 / 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

101,793 2,182 7,751 375 2,240 7,172 11,782 4,959 13,399 7,617 905 3,477 / 932 3,474 32,202 2,196 1,130

61,294 1,394 4,321 211 534 4,909 7,225 1,316 7,205 4,312 624 2,862 / 697 1,759 22,163 1,076 686

29,780 687 2,843 ** 920 1,804 4,491 3,101 2,688 1,599 209 198 / 209 1,606 9,009 0 416

12,038 388 848 ** 0 410 17 535 1,406 830 ** 93 / 37 697 6,767 0 10

15,338 299 1,926 ** 0 1,394 3,514 2,566 1,036 769 ** 105 / 172 909 2,242 0 406

2,404 0 69 ** 920 0 960 0 246 0 209 0 / 0 0 0 ** 0

4,984 0 0 83 56 0 0 0 3,268 1,554 0 23 / 0 0 0 ** 0

4,927 71 587 81 529 76 66 542 238 152 72 200 / 26 109 1,030 1,120 28

808 30 0 0 201 383 0 0 0 0 0 194 / 0 0 0 0 0

Federal State

South Alabamac Arkansas Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Mississippi North Carolina Oklahomad South Carolina Tennessee Texasc Virginia West Virginia

West 221,943 64,410 94,790 22,765 72,015 10 2,118 57,598 3,027 Alaska 692 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 692 c 14,518 11,003 2,934 206 2,728 0 0 577 4 Arizona California 174,076 40,456 81,431 19,829 61,602 0 0 52,189 0 Colorado 7,554 3,087 4,361 1,078 3,283 0 0 106 0 Hawaii 892 370 313 11 302 0 0 8 201 Idaho 1,307 503 501 112 389 0 289 14 0 Montana 647 336 195 12 183 0 0 116 0 Nevada 3,824 3,102 509 381 128 0 0 213 0 New Mexico 2,003 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 2,003 Oregon 8,583 4,696 2,823 806 2,012 5 770 167 127 Utah 2,269 533 1,648 323 1,320 5 1 87 0 Washington 5,302 158 0 ~ ~ 0 1,058 4,086 0 Wyoming 276 166 75 7 68 0 0 35 0 **Not known. /Not reported. ~Not applicable. aIncludes parolees released from parole supervision who failed to meet all conditions of supervision, including some with only financial conditions remaining whose case may have been turned over to a business office, and other types of unsatisfactory expirations of sentence. bIncludes 53,981 parolees who had absconded (including 47,281 in California), 4,975 who had died, 2,948 who had transferred to another jurisdiction, and 9,452 others. c Some or all detailed data are estimated. d No data provided. An estimated total of 36,000 adults exited parole supervision in Illinois (35,000) and Oklahoma (1,000) during 2007. See table 3 and Methodology.

8 Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

Methodology

Imputing entries and exits for non-reporting agencies

Beginning in 1980 the Annual Probation Survey and Annual Parole Survey collected data on the total number of persons supervised in the community on January 1 and December 31 of each year and on the number of persons entering and exiting supervision during the year. These surveys cover the federal system, all 50 states, and the District of Columbia. The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) depends entirely upon the voluntary participation of the state central reporters and the separate state, county, and court agencies for the annual probation and parole data.

Entries were imputed for non-reporting agencies using one of five methods, depending on data availability. The first method estimated entries to probation by applying the ratio of entries to the January 1 population in a recent year to the January 1, 2007, population for the same agency. Exits were estimated by adding the estimated entries to the January 1, 2007, population and subtracting the December 31, 2007, population. This method was used to estimate probation entries and exits for non-reporting agencies in Kentucky, Michigan (the state agency), New Mexico, and Pennsylvania counties. This method was also used to estimate parole entries and exits for Pennsylvania counties.

In 2007 the U.S. Census Bureau served as the BJS collection agent, except for the federal system. Data for the federal system were provided directly to BJS through the BJS Federal Justice Statistics Program which obtained data from the Office of Probation and Pretrial Services, Administrative Office of the United States Courts. Because many states update their population counts, the January 1, 2007, numbers may differ from those previously published for December 31, 2006. Probation The 2007 Annual Probation Survey was sent to 464 respondents — the federal system, 33 central state reporters, the District of Columbia, and 429 separate state, county, or court agencies. States with multiple reporters were Alabama (3), Arizona (2), Colorado (8), Florida (41), Georgia (2), Idaho (2), Kentucky (3), Michigan (131), Missouri (2), Montana (4), New Mexico (2), Ohio (187), Oklahoma (3), Pennsylvania (2), Tennessee (3), Washington (32), and West Virginia (2). One state, Oklahoma, did not provide data. See Imputing entries and exits for non-reporting agencies for more details. Parole The 2007 Annual Parole Survey was sent to 55 respondents, including 51 central state reporters, the federal system, the California Youth Authority, 1 municipal agency in Alabama, and the state agency in Pennsylvania which provided county-level data. States with multiple reporters were Alabama (2), California (2), and Pennsylvania (2). One state, Oklahoma, did not provide data. See Imputing entries and exits for non-reporting agencies for more details.

A second method was used for Illinois which did not report parole data for 2006 and only reported the December 31 population for 2007. Illinois reported a parole population of 33,354 on December 31, 2007, which was less than the parole population of 34,576 reported on December 31, 2005, when Illinois last provided data. The ratio of entries to the December 31 population and the ratio of exits to the December 31 population for 2007 were estimated from parole data provided by Illinois for 2004 because that was the most recent year in which the Illinois parole population declined. These ratios were then applied to the number on parole in Illinois on December 31, 2007, to estimate entries and exits, respectively. The January 1, 2007, parole population was estimated by adding the estimated number of exits and subtracting the estimated number of entries from the December 31, 2007, parole population. The third method estimated entries to probation supervision for county and district agencies which did not report entries and exits but which provided an estimate of their December 31, 2007, probation population. The ratio of entries to the January 1, 2007, population among reporting agencies in the same state was used to estimate the number of entries for non-reporting agencies having similar numbers of probationers. Exits from probation supervision were estimated in the same manner as in the first method (above). This method was used to estimate probation entries and exits for non-reporting agencies in Colorado, Florida, Michigan, Ohio, and Washington.

Federal parole as defined here includes supervised release, parole, military parole, special parole, and mandatory release.

Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

9

A fourth method was used to estimate entries for West Virginia’s state agency. The number of entries was estimated using the ratio of entries to January 1, 2007, population among reporting agencies within the same region. Exits for the non-reporting agency in West Virginia were estimated in the same manner as in the first method (above). A fifth method was used for Oklahoma’s state agency which was unable to provide either probation or parole data for 2007, pending further examination of its data reporting procedures. The December 31, 2006 population, which was the last year Oklahoma’s state agency was able to provide data, was used to estimate both the January 1 and December 31, 2007, populations for the agency. Entries and exits for this agency were both estimated as the approximate average of probation entries and exits, and parole entries and exits, respectively, during 2006. Total imputed entries of 13,800 for Oklahoma include 2,785 entries to probation reported by two localities within Oklahoma and total imputed exits of 13,000 for Oklahoma include 1,998 exits from probation supervision within those two localities in Oklahoma.

The Bureau of Justice Statistics is the statistical agency of the U.S. Department of Justice. Michael D. Sinclair is the acting director. The data were analyzed and the tables were prepared by Lauren E. Glaze and Thomas P. Bonczar. Christopher J. Mumola and William J. Sabol provided statistical verification. Lara E. Allen and Laura M. Maruschak provided statistical review. Nicole S. Adolph and Jorgelina A. Arroyo carried out the data collection and processing under the supervision of Latrice M. Brogsdale-Davis, Governments Division, Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. Ryan D. Driscoll provided technical assistance under the supervision of Duane H. Cavanaugh. Carolyn C. Williams and Tina L. Dorsey produced the tables under the supervision of Doris J. James. December 2008, NCJ 224707

Estimating the adult resident population Estimates of the adult resident population in each state on January 1, 2008, were provided to BJS by the U.S. Census Bureau.

10 Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

Office of Justice Programs Innovation • Partnerships • Safer Neighborhoods http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov

Appendix table 1. Adults on community supervision, 2007

Region and jurisdiction U.S. totalc,d Federal Statec,d Northeast Connecticute Maine Massachusettse New Hampshiree New Jersey New York Pennsylvaniaf Rhode Islande Vermonte

2007

Number on community Community super- Percent supervision per 100,000 vision population, change, adult residents, 12/31/2007b 2007 12/31/2007

Community supervision population, 1/1/2007

Entries Reported Imputeda

Exits Reported Imputeda

5,014,419

2,689,298 2,919,800

2,604,861 2,818,800

5,117,528

2.1%

2,233

113,458 4,900,961

54,892 54,892 2,634,406 2,864,900

52,227 52,227 2,552,634 2,766,600

116,123 5,001,405

2.3% 2.0

51 2,182

853,300 56,881 7,950 175,818 6,211 147,563 175,360 248,570 26,349 8,598

274,627 31,000 3,627 98,952 3,789 49,728 62,419 13,966 6,262 4,884

355,900 31,000 3,627 98,952 3,789 49,728 62,419 95,300 6,262 4,884

276,486 28,211 3,692 96,142 3,697 55,858 64,147 13,240 6,012 5,487

352,000 28,211 3,692 96,142 3,697 55,858 64,147 88,800 6,012 5,487

857,239 59,670 7,885 178,628 6,303 141,433 173,632 255,094 26,599 7,995

0.5% 4.9 -0.8 1.6 1.5 -4.2 -1.0 2.6 0.9 -7.0

2,023 2,217 757 3,548 616 2,127 1,163 2,636 3,223 1,626

Midwestc Illinoise,f,g Indianae Iowae Kansas Michigane,f Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota Ohioe,f South Dakota Wisconsin

1,129,596 ** 136,860 26,200 20,404 199,510 131,061 73,913 19,528 4,692 262,115 8,428 71,785

636,071 ** 105,266 18,424 25,362 94,195 85,446 40,047 15,911 3,779 149,801 5,543 32,563

742,000 94,000 105,266 18,424 25,362 145,500 85,446 40,047 15,911 3,779 170,100 5,543 32,563

616,454 ** 105,202 18,302 24,793 90,668 83,966 37,871 15,729 3,661 138,897 5,289 34,132

722,000 92,900 105,202 18,302 24,793 140,400 83,966 37,871 15,729 3,661 159,700 5,289 34,132

1,148,721 176,144 136,924 26,322 20,973 203,837 132,541 76,089 19,710 4,810 272,473 8,682 70,216

1.7% : 0.0 0.5 2.8 2.2 1.1 2.9 0.9 2.5 4.0 3.0 -2.2

2,278 1,815 2,863 1,151 1,003 2,668 3,346 1,699 1,477 964 3,119 1,438 1,632

Southd Alabamae Arkansas Delaware District of Columbia Floridae,f Georgiae,h Kentuckye,f Louisiana Marylande Mississippi North Carolinae Oklahomae,f,i South Carolina Tennessee Texase Virginiae West Virginiaf

1,957,973 53,875 49,223 17,502 12,011 277,032 455,394 48,151 61,977 108,451 26,006 113,655 ** 46,050 61,627 532,020 55,345 9,191

1,038,317 1,061,100 16,905 16,905 16,609 16,609 15,971 15,971 7,429 7,429 241,063 246,900 290,109 290,109 14,555 19,500 27,425 27,425 40,033 40,033 13,162 13,162 68,882 68,882 ** 14,000 15,463 15,463 26,498 26,498 212,808 212,808 26,825 26,825 2,582 2,600

1,993,812 59,535 51,064 17,231 12,054 278,733 458,472 55,251 63,091 112,326 23,638 114,757 ** 45,154 66,675 536,057 58,804 9,720

1.8% 10.5 3.7 -1.5 0.4 0.6 0.7 14.7 1.8 3.6 -9.1 1.0 : -1.9 8.2 0.8 6.2 5.8

2,382 1,689 2,380 2,594 2,531 1,950 6,470 1,698 1,953 2,625 1,095 1,660 : 1,335 1,412 3,067 993 681

1,067,801 1,095,100 22,565 22,565 18,450 18,450 15,700 15,700 7,472 7,472 243,218 250,000 293,187 293,187 18,155 26,500 28,539 28,539 43,908 43,908 10,794 10,794 69,984 69,984 ** 14,800 14,567 14,567 28,254 28,254 216,845 216,845 30,284 30,284 3,094 3,100

Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

11

Appendix table 1. Adults on community supervision, 2007 (cont.) Community supervision population, 1/1/2007

Region and jurisdiction West Alaska Arizonae Californiae Coloradoe,f Hawaiie Idahoe Montanae Nevada New Mexicoe,f Oregon Utah Washingtone,f Wyoming

960,092 7,638 79,728 465,087 72,583 20,906 51,341 9,607 17,032 21,395 66,019 13,759 129,098 5,899

2007 Entries Reported Imputeda 655,907 1,924 44,214 373,715 57,082 7,216 41,346 4,894 11,202 5,497 26,178 8,066 71,749 2,824

671,900 1,924 44,214 373,715 57,600 7,216 41,346 4,894 11,202 9,600 26,178 8,066 83,100 2,824

Exits Reported Imputeda 621,377 1,602 40,305 362,156 40,905 6,586 40,910 4,429 11,120 5,045 25,807 7,399 72,454 2,659

631,400 1,602 40,305 362,156 41,500 6,586 40,910 4,429 11,120 6,700 25,807 7,399 80,300 2,659

Number on community Community super- Percent supervision per 100,000 vision population, change, adult residents, 12/31/2007b 2007 12/31/2007 1,001,633 7,960 83,637 477,733 88,721 21,536 51,777 10,072 17,114 24,301 66,390 14,426 131,902 6,064

4.3% 4.2 4.9 2.7 22.2 3.0 0.8 4.8 0.5 13.6 0.6 4.8 2.2 2.8

1,901 1,575 1,771 1,747 2,393 2,144 4,687 1,353 886 1,637 2,284 779 2,651 1,510

Note: "Community supervision" is defined as adults sentenced to a period of supervision in the community, either on probation or parole. Because of nonresponse or incomplete data, the community supervision population for some jurisdictions on December 31, 2007, does not equal the population on January 1, plus entries, minus exits. Rates were computed using the estimated adult resident population in each state on January 1, 2008. **Not known. :Not calculated. aReflects

reported data except for jurisdictions in which data were not available. Details may not sum to totals because of rounding.

b

A small number of offenders had multiple community supervision statuses. An estimated 3,200 probationers were also under the jurisdiction of a parole agency on December 31, 2007, and an estimated 3,600 parolees were also under the jurisdiction of a probation agency on December 31, 2007. cIncludes

an estimated 34,100 parolees under supervision in Illinois on January 1, 2007, because the parole agency did not provide data. See Methodology. Also includes data reported by Illinois’ probation agency; 141,000 probationers under supervision on January 1, 2007, a reported 59,734 probationers who entered supervision, and a reported 57,944 probationers who exited supervision during 2007. d

Includes an estimated 29,100 persons on community supervision in Oklahoma on January 1 and December 31, 2007, because the state agency did not provide data. See Methodology. Also includes data reported by two local probation agencies in Oklahoma; 1,363 probationers under supervision on January 1, an estimated 2,785 probationers who entered supervision, an estimated 1,998 probationers who exited supervision, and 2,150 probationers under supervision on December 31, 2007. eSome f

or all detailed data are estimated.

Data for entries and exits are estimated for non-reporting agencies. See Methodology.

gIllinois' parole agency did not provide data for the January 1 parole population, entries to parole, or exits from parole during 2007. Illinois' probation agency reported an estimated 141,000 probationers under supervision on January 1, an estimated 59,734 probationers who entered supervision, and an estimated 57,944 probationers who exited supervision during 2007. hProbation

counts include private agency cases and may overstate the number of adults on probation.

iOklahoma's

state parole and probation agency did not provide data for 2007. Two localities reported 1,363 probationers under supervision on January 1, an estimated 2,785 probationers who entered supervision, and an estimated 1,998 probationers who exited supervision during 2007.

12 Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

Appendix table 2. Adults entering probation, by type of sentence, 2007 Region and jurisdiction U.S. total

Number of adults entering probation, 2007 Unknown or Probation without Probation with Total reported incarceration incarceration Othera not reported 2,183,333

620,840

207,392

39,955

1,315,146

11,815 2,171,518

11,809 609,031

6 207,386

0 39,955

0 1,315,146

Northeast Connecticutb Maine Massachusetts New Hampshireb New Jersey New York Pennsylvaniac Rhode Islandb Vermontb

219,222 28,681 3,625 94,000 3,080 40,223 36,952 2,534 5,747 4,380

66,753 22,945 2,707 ** 2,666 ** 32,188 2,534 ** 3,713

11,966 5,736 676 ** 414 ** 4,764 0 ** 376

430 0 139 ** 0 ** 0 0 ** 291

140,073 0 103 94,000 0 40,223 0 0 5,747 0

Midwest Illinoisb Indiana Iowa Kansas Michiganb Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota Ohiob South Dakota Wisconsin

564,966 59,734 96,049 15,924 20,084 81,022 79,731 25,933 14,896 2,995 139,794 3,698 25,106

119,371 ** 3,971 ** ** 22,146 ** 22,756 10,627 2,995 31,770 ** 25,106

106,328 ** 84,096 ** ** 7,466 ** ** 4,269 0 10,497 ** ~

13,681 ** 7,982 ** ** 255 ** 3,097 0 0 2,347 ** 0

325,586 59,734 0 15,924 20,084 51,155 79,731 80 0 0 95,180 3,698 0

South Alabama Arkansas Delaware District of Columbia Floridab Georgia Kentucky Louisiana Marylandb Mississippi North Carolina Oklahomad South Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginiab West Virginia

960,812 20,101 9,368 15,334 5,004 236,182 281,252 12,210 14,887 36,786 9,773 66,432 2,785 13,968 23,686 182,948 28,439 1,657

359,723 4,057 8,262 ** 4,300 169,586 32,681 11,123 13,554 ** 2,460 66,394 908 12,241 16,530 ** 17,627 **

58,420 14,784 326 ** 704 11,338 13,215 231 853 ** 7,313 38 ** 1,727 7,156 ** 735 **

14,642 ** 780 ** 0 1,358 1,091 856 480 ** 0 0 ** 0 0 0 10,077 **

528,027 1,260 0 15,334 0 53,900 234,265 0 0 36,786 0 0 1,877 0 0 182,948 0 1,657

Federal State

Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

13

Appendix table 2. Adults entering probation, by type of sentence, 2007 (cont.) Region and jurisdiction West Alaska Arizonab Californiab Coloradob Hawaiib Idahob Montanab Nevada New Mexicob Oregon Utah Washingtonb Wyoming

Number of adults entering probation, 2007 Unknown or Probation without Probation with Total reported incarceration incarceration Othera not reported 426,518 1,215 29,352 195,554 47,993 6,522 39,657 4,125 7,549 3,484 16,968 5,542 66,041 2,516

63,184 ** 17,392 ** 25,978 ** 2,702 1,716 ** ** 8,036 2,494 2,539 2,327

30,672 ** 10,660 ** 2,893 ** 1,612 1,718 ** ** 8,102 3,048 2,450 189

11,202 ** ** ** 901 ** 33 312 ** ** 0 0 9,956 0

321,460 1,215 1,300 195,554 18,221 6,522 35,310 379 7,549 3,484 830 0 51,096 0

Note: Based on reported data only. For imputed entries to probation, see table 2. **Not known. ~Not applicable. a Includes probationers who entered supervision through a deferred sentence, pre-trial supervision, after a bench warrant was served, a reinstatement of their original sentence, placement in a drug court program, and other types of entries. bSome cData

or all detailed data are estimated for entries.

represent state probation entries only. Data are not available for county probationers.

dThe

state agency did not provide data. Two localities reported 2,785 entries to probation during 2007. See Methodology.

14 Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

Appendix table 3. Adults leaving probation, by type of exit, 2007

Region and jurisdiction U.S. total Federal State

Total reported

Number of adults leaving probation, 2007 Incarcerated Under Discharged Other Comple- With new current Other/ to warrant unsatistion sentence sentence unknown Absconder or detainer factorya

Transferred to Unknown another probaor not tion agency Death Otherb reported

2,122,681 982,072

56,335 124,032

75,462

52,030

13,648

177,441

11,122

8,999

83,574 537,966

12,830 10,792 2,109,851 971,280

178 1,125 56,157 122,907

27 75,435

222 51,808

0 13,648

290 177,151

35 11,087

118 8,881

43 0 83,531 537,966

Northeast Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshirec New Jersey New York Pennsylvaniad Rhode Islandc Vermontc

222,276 25,502 3,691 90,964 3,020 46,991 39,348 2,180 5,627 4,953

56,506 25,502 3,071 ** ** ** 23,171 1,105 ** 3,657

4,399 ** ** ** ** ** 3,953 228 ** 218

645 ** ** ** ** ** ~ 381 ** 264

1,264 ** 620 ** 492 ** ~ 0 152 ~

0 ** 0 ** ** ** ** 0 ** ~

7 ** 0 ** ** ** ~ 7 ** ~

9,388 ** 0 ** ** ** 8,899 0 ** 489

401 ** 0 ** ** ** ~ 401 ** ~

524 ** 0 ** 18 ** 437 35 ** 34

3,202 145,940 ** 0 0 0 ** 90,964 ** 2,510 ** 46,991 2,888 0 23 0 ** 5,475 291 0

Midwest Illinoisc Indianac Iowa Kansas Michiganc Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota Ohioc South Dakota Wisconsin

551,617 198,549 57,944 ** 98,142 63,031 15,770 11,656 19,471 12,076 80,140 23,302 78,550 ** 24,791 9,574 14,717 12,725 2,847 1,513 128,862 43,965 3,489 3,192 26,894 17,515

17,910 ** 7,326 ** 94 1,514 ** 3,416 1,177 554 3,047 ** 782

37,681 ** 11,180 ** ** 1,675 ** 9,484 649 636 6,388 ** 7,669

5,172 ** ~ 2,978 ** 184 ** ** 0 0 1,713 297 0

19,233 ** 7,912 116 ** 770 ** 1,960 30 112 8,316 ** 17

3,792 ** ~ 0 ** 2,625 ** ** 28 0 1,139 ** 0

9,791 ** ~ 2 3,088 3,055 ** ** 45 0 2,835 ** 766

4,654 ** 3,271 7 ** 71 ** ** 12 3 1,290 ~ 0

1,048 ** ~ 69 ** 105 ** 306 51 29 343 ** 145

9,414 244,373 ** 57,944 5,422 0 942 0 ** 4,213 594 46,245 ** 78,550 ** 51 0 0 0 0 2,456 57,370 ** 0 0 0

South Alabama Arkansas Delaware District of Columbia Floridac Georgia Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Mississippi North Carolina Oklahomae South Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginiac West Virginia

936,524 14,723 8,858 15,596 5,189 233,891 278,327 9,596 14,026 32,416 12,257 65,405 1,998 14,531 23,024 180,606 24,629 1,452

30,968 1,609 949 ** ** 14,396 2,981 682 929 2,584 ** 3,941 ** 595 2,302 ** ** **

70,329 1,489 1,439 ** ** 30,741 5,744 3,277 3,788 3,781 ** 10,994 ** 4,597 4,479 ** ** **

65,386 ** 1 ** 1,235 784 ** 0 0 0 636 0 ** 0 0 51,988 9,290 1,452

26,104 ** ** ** ** 854 13,350 355 0 ~ 1,364 10,181 ** 0 ** ** ** **

8,987 ** ** ** ** 8,926 ** 61 0 ~ ** ** ** 0 ** ** ** **

66,633 ** 0 6,867 594 6,731 40,107 128 1,250 4,419 23 5,466 188 0 860 ** ** **

3,040 ** 589 ** 9 47 1,645 739 0 11 ** ~ ** 0 0 ** ** **

6,307 274 172 121 30 1,306 377 167 212 342 50 606 ** 191 309 1,772 378 **

551,388 10,198 5,708 7,455 2,653 113,791 184,797 4,157 7,476 19,369 5,945 32,256 598 9,078 15,074 119,655 13,178 **

32,692 ** 0 1,153 161 13,832 1,952 30 371 1,910 4,239 0 ** 70 0 7,191 1,783 **

74,690 1,153 0 0 507 42,483 27,374 0 0 0 0 1,961 1,212 0 0 0 0 0

Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

15

Appendix table 3. Adults leaving probation, by type of exit, 2007 (cont.)

Region and jurisdiction

Total reported

Number of adults leaving probation, 2007 Incarcerated Under Discharged Other Transferred to Unknown Comple- With new current Other/ to warrant unsatis- another probaor not tion sentence sentence unknown Absconder or detainer factorya tion agency Death Otherb reported

West Alaska Arizona Californiac Coloradoc Hawaiic Idahoc Montanac Nevada New Mexicoc Oregon Utah Washingtonc Wyoming

399,434 910 25,787 188,080 33,351 5,694 39,603 3,782 7,296 3,042 17,224 5,130 67,152 2,383

164,837 ** 17,888 85,731 17,228 4,216 2,094 1,357 4,360 ** 10,579 2,343 17,512 1,529

2,880 ** ** ** 25 220 790 124 ** ** 659 344 623 95

14,252 ** 6,898 ** 229 408 ** 1,020 ** ** 4,542 409 279 467

3,613 ** ** ** 3,613 ** ** ** ~ ** 0 0 ** 0

6,471 ** ** ** 4,051 ** ** 474 168 ** 624 52 979 123

862 ** ** ** 78 ** ** ** ** ** 0 2 782 0

91,339 ** 270 78,931 468 ** 933 ** 2,697 ** 232 1,284 6,524 0

2,992 ** ** ** 1,932 98 ** 321 ~ ** 17 453 17 154

1,002 ** 264 ** 136 30 54 45 71 ** 179 50 158 15

38,223 ** ** 23,418 724 ** ** 19 ~ ** 0 193 13,869 0

72,963 910 467 0 4,867 722 35,732 422 0 3,042 392 0 26,409 0

Note: Based on repored data only. For imputed exits from probation, see table 2. **Not known. ~Not applicable. a Includes probationers released from supervision who failed to meet all conditions of supervision, including some with only financial conditions remaining whose case may have been turned over to a business office, and other types of unsatisfactory exits; includes some early terminations and expirations of sentence. bIncludes probationers released from supervision because they were deported, released through a legislative mandate, had their sentence dismissed or overturned by the court through an appeal, had their sentence close administratively or deferred, and other types of exits. cSome dData e

or all detailed data are estimated for type of exit.

represent state probation exits only. Data are not available for county probationers.

The state agency did not provide data. Two localities reported 1,998 exits from probation during 2007. See Methodology.

16 Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

Appendix table 4. Adults on probation, by gender, 2007 Probation population, 12/31/2007

Region and jurisdiction a

Gender Male

Female

Not reported

4,293,163

2,282,672

699,230

1,311,261

23,450 4,269,713

14,804 2,267,868

8,256 690,974

390 1,310,871

701,951 57,493 7,853 175,419 4,650 126,390 119,963 176,987 26,137 7,059

559,732 45,557 6,440 145,598 3,596 99,848 96,028 135,261 21,955 5,449

141,284 11,926 1,413 29,821 1,054 26,542 23,010 41,726 4,182 1,610

935 10 0 0 0 0 925 0 0 0

Midwest Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Michiganb Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota Ohiob South Dakota Wisconsin

1,012,378 142,790 126,562 22,776 16,131 182,706 127,797 56,240 18,910 4,468 254,898 5,870 53,230

368,035 ** ** 16,479 ** 44,977 98,427 41,493 14,019 3,222 107,945 ** 41,473

126,662 ** ** 6,174 ** 16,852 29,370 14,112 4,891 1,246 42,260 ** 11,757

517,681 142,790 126,562 123 16,131 120,877 0 635 0 0 104,693 5,870 0

Southa Alabama Arkansas Delaware District of Columbia Floridab Georgia Kentuckyb Louisiana Maryland Mississippi North Carolina Oklahomac South Carolina Tennesseeb Texasb Virginiab West Virginia

1,750,300 51,745 31,676 16,696 6,485 274,079 435,361 42,510 39,006 98,470 21,623 111,446 ** 42,721 56,179 434,309 51,954 7,890

1,060,673 36,845 22,054 12,898 5,139 193,091 112,095 29,148 29,528 80,249 16,848 84,830 ** 34,091 42,588 319,984 40,478 **

339,430 9,357 9,622 3,797 1,346 61,010 33,287 13,361 9,478 18,221 4,775 26,616 ** 8,630 13,591 114,325 11,476 **

350,197 5,543 0 1 0 19,978 289,979 1 0 0 0 0 ** 0 0 0 0 7,890

U.S. total Federal Statea

Northeast Connecticutb Maine Massachusettsb New Hampshireb New Jerseyb New York Pennsylvania Rhode Island Vermontb

Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

17

Appendix table 4. Adults on probation, by gender, 2007 (cont.) Region and jurisdiction West Alaska Arizonab California Coloradob Hawaiib Idaho Montana Nevadab New Mexico Oregon Utah Washingtonb Wyoming

Probation population, 12/31/2007

Male

Female

Not reported

805,084 6,416 76,830 353,969 77,635 19,426 48,663 9,106 13,461 20,774 43,732 10,829 118,885 5,358

279,428 5,220 61,454 ** 52,079 14,748 9,730 6,726 9,961 11,165 33,710 7,992 62,692 3,951

83,598 1,196 15,376 ** 17,755 4,678 3,623 2,213 3,500 3,773 10,022 2,837 17,218 1,407

442,058 0 0 353,969 7,801 0 35,310 167 0 5,836 0 0 38,975 0

Gender

**Not known. a

Includes an estimated 26,000 probationers under the supervision of Oklahoma's state agency on December 31, 2007, and 2,150 probationers under the supervision of two localities in Oklahoma on December 31, 2007. Of those 2,150 probationers, 807 are male, 538 are female, and gender was not reported for the remaining 805 probationers. b

Some or all detailed data are estimated for gender.

c

The state agency did not provide data. An estimated 26,000 probationers were under the supervision of Oklahoma's state agency on December 31, 2007. Two localities in Oklahoma reported 2,150 probationers under their supervision on December 31, 2007, and an estimated 807 are male and 538 are female, and gender was not reported for the remaining 805 probationers.

18 Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

Appendix table 5. Adults on probation, by race/ethnic origin, 2007 Race/ethnic origin American Native Hawaiian/ Indian/Alaska Other Pacific Two or more Unknown or Native Asian Islander races not reported

Probation population, 12/31/2007

White

4,293,163

1,450,333

761,036

352,376

23,896

19,483

6,773

12,069

1,667,197

23,450 4,269,713

11,377 1,438,956

6,275 754,761

3,550 348,826

560 23,336

886 18,597

140 6,633

0 12,069

662 1,666,535

701,951 57,493 7,853 175,419 4,650 126,390 119,963 176,987 26,137 7,059

264,093 27,734 7,094 ** 3,192 45,500 54,793 104,581 14,825 6,374

163,329 15,796 268 ** 144 50,556 35,635 55,654 5,056 220

67,761 12,258 ** ** 1,064 15,167 23,159 11,207 4,906 **

1,011 100 88 ** 25 0 482 148 129 39

3,752 426 29 ** 2 1,264 1,036 693 270 32

11 0 ** ** ** 0 0 11 ** **

216 24 ** ** ** ~ 0 192 ** **

201,778 1,155 374 175,419 223 13,903 4,858 4,501 951 394

1,012,378 142,790 126,562 22,776 16,131 182,706 127,797 56,240 18,910 4,468 254,898 5,870 53,230

295,376 ** ** 18,246 ** 20,853 91,698 40,208 13,476 3,409 71,848 ** 35,638

88,880 ** ** 2,685 ** 7,114 17,324 14,380 2,183 187 33,432 ** 11,575

11,753 ** ** 1,214 ** 1,045 ** 718 2,656 161 2,626 ** 3,333

8,459 ** ** 240 ** 194 4,868 119 484 693 58 ** 1,803

4,218 ** ** 239 ** 182 2,645 144 111 18 243 ** 636

5 ** ** ** ** 5 ** ** 0 0 0 ** **

11,457 ** ** ** ** 34 11,262 ** 0 0 161 ** 0

592,230 142,790 126,562 152 16,131 153,279 0 671 0 0 146,530 5,870 245

Southa 1,750,300 Alabama 51,745 Arkansas 31,676 Delaware 16,696 District of Columbia 6,485 274,079 Floridab Georgia 435,361 42,510 Kentuckyb Louisiana 39,006 Maryland 98,470 Mississippi 21,623 North Carolina 111,446 ** Oklahomag South Carolina 42,721 56,179 Tennesseeb Texasb 434,309 51,954 Virginiab West Virginia 7,890

683,127 23,842 20,213 8,593 353 136,038 72,431 28,023 19,165 46,974 9,119 50,409 ** 19,881 32,242 190,668 25,176 **

477,637 21,287 9,944 7,093 5,701 68,044 71,358 9,896 19,620 50,140 11,924 50,064 ** 21,913 20,557 84,605 25,491 **

210,654 933 1,275 950 352 33,728 4,256 4,242 45 ** 183 6,734 ** 707 2,704 154,545 0 **

3,027 56 87 12 3 413 295 19 21 82 26 1,877 ** 48 61 ** 27 **

3,253 68 60 35 30 1,102 235 55 41 599 55 324 ** 49 595 ** 5 **

301 ** 0 ** 4 140 ** ** 80 ** 0 77 ** 0 0 ** 0 **

250 ** 0 ** 0 182 ** 68 0 ** 0 ** ** ~ 0 ** 0 **

372,051 5,559 97 13 42 34,432 286,786 207 34 675 316 1,961 ** 123 20 4,491 1,255 7,890

Region and jurisdiction U.S. totala Federal Statea Northeast Connecticutb Maine Massachusetts New Hampshireb New Jerseyb New York Pennsylvania Rhode Islandc,d Vermontb,e Midwest Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Michiganb Minnesotaf Missouri Nebraska North Dakota Ohiob South Dakota Wisconsind

Black/African Hispanic American or Latino

Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

19

Appendix table 5. Adults on probation, by race/ethnic origin, 2007 (cont.)

Region and jurisdiction West Alaskad Arizona California Coloradob Hawaiib Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexicob Oregon Utah Washingtonb Wyoming

Probation population, 12/31/2007

White

805,084 6,416 76,830 353,969 77,635 19,426 48,663 9,106 13,461 20,774 43,732 10,829 118,885 5,358

196,360 3,775 35,418 ** 50,652 4,711 10,409 6,936 ** 4,534 34,952 8,062 32,531 4,380

Black/African Hispanic American or Latino 24,915 583 6,270 ** 7,006 745 206 100 ** 773 2,467 474 6,163 128

Race/ethnic origin American Native Hawaiian/ Indian/Alaska Other Pacific Two or more Unknown or Native Asian Islander races not reported

58,658 194 27,597 ** 10,478 ** 1,938 245 ** 7,939 5,025 1,002 3,746 494

10,839 1,500 3,759 ** 692 ** 311 1,088 ** 1,069 593 298 1,279 250

7,374 267 331 ** 727 3,912 80 21 ** 37 475 83 1,427 14

6,316 ** ** ** ** 6,127 ** ** ** 21 ** 149 12 7

146 0 ** ** ** ** ** 31 ** ** ** 0 115 0

500,476 97 3,455 353,969 8,080 3,931 35,719 685 13,461 6,401 220 761 73,612 85

**Not known. ~Not applicable. aIncludes an estimated 26,000 probationers under the supervision of Oklahoma's state agency on December 31, 2007, and 2,150 probationers under the supervision of two localities in Oklahoma on December 31, 2007. Race/ethnic origin was unknown or not reported for all 2,150 probationers under the supervision of the localities. bSome

or all detailed data are estimated for race.

c

Classifies Hispanic as a race rather than an ethnicity; therefore, it cannot be determined whether probationers who are Hispanic are also of another race. Additionally, those probationers who are of another race may also be Hispanic. d“Asian” includes an unspecified number of probationers who are “Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander” because “Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander” could not be reported separately. eDoes not collect ethnicity data; therefore, the number of Hispanic probationers cannot be determined. Additionally, whether or not other racial categories include Hispanic probationers cannot be determined. fClassifies

Hispanic as an ethnicity, not a race. There were 5,476 Hispanic probationers under supervision on December 31, 2007, but they are reported among all of the other racial categories.

g

The state agency did not provide data. An estimated 26,000 probationers were under the supervision of Oklahoma's state agency on December 31, 2007. Two localities in Oklahoma reported 2,150 probationers under their supervision on December 31, 2007, and race/ethnic origin was unknown or not reported for all 2,150 probationers.

20 Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

Appendix table 6. Adults on probation, by type of offense, 2007 Type of offense

Probation population, 12/31/2007

Felony

Misdemeanor

Othera

Unknown or not reported

4,293,163

1,479,166

1,593,989

82,390

1,137,618

23,450 4,269,713

16,954 1,462,212

4,041 1,589,948

2,450 79,940

5 1,137,613

701,951 57,493 7,853 175,419 4,650 126,390 119,963 176,987 26,137 7,059

207,976 ** 5,428 ** ** 64,735 61,306 56,031 17,956 2,520

231,195 ** 2,403 ** ** 46,877 56,377 113,996 7,098 4,444

22,820 ** ** ** ** 14,778 148 6,812 1,082 ~

239,960 57,493 22 175,419 4,650 0 2,132 148 1 95

1,012,378 142,790 126,562 22,776 16,131 182,706 127,797 56,240 18,910 4,468 254,898 5,870 53,230

200,365 ** ** 9,033 3,745 1,838 45,633 52,884 4,908 3,195 49,216 4,247 25,666

413,270 ** ** 13,549 12,386 99,068 82,164 1,522 14,002 1,174 160,413 1,623 27,369

3,034 ** ** 194 0 639 0 1,199 0 99 708 ** 195

395,709 142,790 126,562 0 0 81,161 0 635 0 0 44,561 0 0

1,750,300 Southb Alabama 51,745 Arkansas 31,676 Delaware 16,696 District of Columbia 6,485 274,079 Floridac Georgia 435,361 42,510 Kentuckyc Louisiana 39,006 Maryland 98,470 Mississippi 21,623 North Carolina 111,446 ** Oklahomad South Carolina 42,721 Tennessee 56,179 Texas 434,309 Virginia 51,954 West Virginia 7,890

884,020 4,382 29,586 4,811 2,334 176,866 149,837 20,553 38,129 28,229 21,623 38,055 ** 25,385 45,719 246,557 51,954 **

745,347 5,287 1,698 10,821 1,697 85,058 285,524 21,957 877 49,742 ~ 72,870 ** 9,454 10,460 187,752 0 **

30,345 ** 0 22 390 1,552 0 0 0 20,499 0 0 ** 7,882 0 0 0 **

90,588 42,076 392 1,042 2,064 10,603 0 0 0 0 0 521 ** 0 0 0 0 7,890

Region and jurisdiction U.S. totalb Federal Stateb Northeast Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jerseyc New York Pennsylvania Rhode Island Vermontc Midwest Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Michiganc Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota Ohioc South Dakota Wisconsin

Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

21

Appendix table 6. Adults on probation, by type of offense, 2007 (cont.) Region and jurisdiction West Alaska Arizona California Coloradoc Hawaiic Idaho Montana Nevadac New Mexicoc Oregon Utah Washingtonc Wyoming

Type of offense

Probation population, 12/31/2007

Felony

Misdemeanor

Othera

805,084 6,416 76,830 353,969 77,635 19,426 48,663 9,106 13,461 20,774 43,732 10,829 118,885 5,358

169,851 6,416 46,920 ** 13,522 11,442 13,353 8,453 9,115 ** 28,700 8,350 20,443 3,137

200,136 ~ 6,993 ** 54,924 5,012 35,310 486 4,346 ** 13,225 2,385 75,234 2,221

23,741 0 19,682 ** 993 2,972 0 0 0 ** 0 94 ** 0

Unknown or not reported 411,356 0 3,235 353,969 8,196 0 0 167 0 20,774 1,807 0 23,208 0

**Not known. ~Not applicable. aIncludes

probationers under supervision for a petty offense, a city ordinance violation, a DWI offense, a domestic violence offense, and other types of offenses.

bIncludes an estimated 26,000 probationers under the supervision of Oklahoma's state agency on December 31, 2007, and 2,150 probationers under the supervision of two localities in Oklahoma on December 31, 2007. All 2,150 probationers reported by the localities are under supervision for a misdemeanor. c

Some or all detailed data are estimated for type of offense.

dThe

state agency did not provide data. An estimated 26,000 probationers were under the supervision of Oklahoma's state agency on December 31, 2007. Two localities in Oklahoma reported 2,150 probationers under their supervision on December 31, 2007, and all of them are under supervision for a misdemeanor.

22 Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

Appendix table 7. Adults on probation, by most serious offense, 2007

Region and jurisdiction U.S. totala

Probation population, Domestic 12/31/2007 violence

Other violent

Property

Most serious offense Driving while intoxicated or Drug under influence Other traffic

Other

Unknown or not reported

4,293,163

66 ,843

315,971

545,559

593,544

331,710

82,195

301,612

2,055,729

23,450 4,269,713

1 66,842

575 315,396

11,116 534,443

3,371 590,173

1,755 329,955

412 81,783

6,177 295,435

43 2,055,686

701,951 57,493 7,853 175,419 4,650 126,390 119,963 176,987 26,137 7,059

10,959 4,024 1,789 ** ** 1,955 ** ** 2,630 561

51,174 8,049 967 ** ** 13,945 21,170 836 4,770 1,437

88,288 12,073 2,008 ** ** 42,837 25,613 1,131 2,750 1,876

107,601 10,224 1,317 ** ** 63,438 23,366 947 7,703 606

33,986 4,025 665 ** ** 3,230 24,266 209 257 1,334

9,920 4,599 425 ** ** 985 2,502 ** 937 472

44,949 14,373 657 ** ** 0 20,914 1,237 7,090 678

355,074 126 25 175,419 4,650 0 2,132 172,627 0 95

1,012,378 142,790 126,562 22,776 16,131 182,706 127,797 56,240 18,910 4,468 254,898 5,870 53,230

24,065 ** ** ** ** 6,312 5,342 5,120 884 ** 6,407 ** **

23,083 ** ** ** ** 1,410 11,176 1,476 1,156 775 7,090 ** **

56,943 ** ** ** ** 4,805 17,624 16,621 2,475 1,417 14,001 ** **

55,466 ** ** ** ** 6,638 13,249 20,970 1,530 1,880 11,199 ** **

86,141 ** ** ** ** 12,891 50,844 3,669 7,120 136 11,481 ** **

27,213 ** ** ** ** 3,230 12,808 926 2,519 ** 7,730 ** **

38,710 ** ** ** ** 2,583 16,754 6,823 3,226 260 9,064 ** **

700,757 142,790 126,562 22,776 16,131 144,837 0 635 0 0 187,926 5,870 53,230

1,750,300 Southa Alabama 51,745 31,676 Arkansasb Delaware 16,696 District of Columbia 6,485 274,079 Floridab Georgia 435,361 Kentucky 42,510 Louisiana 39,006 Maryland 98,470 Mississippi 21,623 North Carolina 111,446 ** Oklahomad South Carolina 42,721 Tennessee 56,179 434,309 Texasb 51,954 Virginiab West Virginia 7,890

22,787 654 824 256 79 5,023 361 8,561 148 ** 196 2,697 ** 1,274 2,714 ** 0 **

203,902 345 4,150 3,413 1,902 38,708 29,392 3,809 2,680 14,492 2,774 11,563 ** 4,705 5,329 74,165 6,450 **

342,183 1,112 12,544 2,829 1,249 72,579 50,076 9,631 11,693 15,522 8,803 20,046 ** 9,167 9,506 97,479 19,876 **

366,790 191 11,245 1,971 1,696 58,361 53,287 14,200 18,405 26,981 8,721 25,089 ** 8,068 11,658 110,557 16,240 **

170,928 1,534 35 3,466 220 20,255 1,499 4,829 2,057 20,499 1,055 17,882 ** 1,377 3,516 90,597 1,518 **

41,045 ** 91 ** 108 20,667 ** 955 77 3,948 47 12,121 ** 1,820 147 ** 1,064 **

195,119 ** 2,787 4,761 596 22,233 16,035 525 3,118 17,028 27 22,048 ** 16,310 21,937 61,511 6,203 **

407,546 47,909 0 0 635 36,253 284,711 0 828 0 0 0 ** 0 1,372 0 603 7,890

Federal Statea Northeast Connecticutb Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jerseyb New York Pennsylvaniac Rhode Island Vermontb Midwest Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Michiganb Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota Ohiob South Dakota Wisconsin

Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

23

Appendix table 7. Adults on probation, by most serious offense, 2007

Region and jurisdiction West Alaska Arizona California Coloradob Hawaii Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexicob Oregon Utah Washingtonb Wyoming

Probation population, Domestic 12/31/2007 violence 805,084 6,416 76,830 353,969 77,635 19,426 48,663 9,106 13,461 20,774 43,732 10,829 118,885 5,358

9,031 ** 1,045 ** 1,406 ** 268 298 ** ** 955 283 4,473 303

Other violent

Property

Most serious offense Driving while intoxicated or Drug under influence Other traffic

37,237 ** 13,649 ** 15 ** 2,611 1,516 ** ** 8,140 1,694 8,955 657

47,029 ** 20,488 ** 382 ** 4,299 2,431 ** ** 8,687 3,834 5,483 1,425

60,316 ** 23,497 ** 15 ** 4,957 2,485 ** ** 12,688 3,711 11,301 1,662

38,900 ** 6,837 ** 9,000 ** 1,117 760 ** ** 4,233 769 15,309 875

3,605 ** 794 ** 953 ** 78 18 ** ** ** 343 1,365 54

Other 16,657 ** 149 ** 722 ** 23 926 ** ** 9,029 140 5,286 382

Unknown or not reported 592,309 6,416 10,371 353,969 65,142 19,426 35,310 672 13,461 20,774 0 55 66,713 0

**Not known. aIncludes an estimated 26,000 probationers under the supervision of Oklahoma's state agency on December 31, 2007, and 2,150 probationers under the supervision of two localities in Oklahoma on December 31, 2007. Of those 2,150 probationers, 25 were on probation for other violent offenses, 71 for a property offense, 120 for a drug law violation, 589 for a driving while intoxicated or under the influence offense, and offense was unknown or not reported for the remaining 1,345 probationers. bSome

or all detailed data are estimated for specific offenses.

c

Detailed data represent state probationers only. Detailed data are not available for county probationers.

dThe

state agency did not provide data. An estimated 26,000 probationers were under the supervision of Oklahoma's state agency on December 31, 2007. Two localities in Oklahoma reported 2,150 probationers under their supervision on December 31, 2007, and 25 were on probation for other violent offenses, 71 for a property offense, 120 for a drug law violation, and 589 for a driving while intoxicated or under the influence offense. Most serious offense was unknown or not reported for the remaining 1,345 probationers.

24 Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

Appendix table 8. Adults entering parole, by type of sentence, 2007 Number of adults entering parole, 2007 Region and jurisdiction U.S. total

Total reported

Discretionarya Mandatoryb Reinstatementc

Otherd

Unknown or not reported

505,965

152,018

241,027

40,647

55,494

16,779

43,077 462,888

1,398 150,620

139 240,888

425 40,222

41,115 14,379

0 16,779

Northeast Connecticute Maine Massachusettse New Hampshire New Jersey New York Pennsylvaniaf Rhode Island Vermonte

55,405 2,319 2 4,952 709 9,505 25,467 11,432 515 504

37,254 1,868 1 4,702 709 7,299 10,361 11,432 515 367

14,660 451 0 0 0 1,058 13,151 0 ** 0

1,072 ** 1 250 0 715 0 0 ** 106

2,419 0 0 0 0 433 1,955 0 ** 31

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Midwest Illinoisg Indiana Iowae Kansas Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota Ohio South Dakota Wisconsin

71,105 / 9,217 2,500 5,278 13,173 5,715 14,114 1,015 784 10,007 1,845 7,457

30,596 / ** ** 3,366 12,429 0 10,521 1,015 784 1,382 629 470

23,895 / ** ** 15 684 5,715 1,142 0 0 8,319 1,109 6,911

2,225 / ** ** 106 60 0 1,728 ** 0 306 25 0

2,517 / ** ** 1,636 0 0 723 0 0 0 82 76

11,872 / 9,217 2,500 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

South 106,989 Alabama 2,464 Arkansas 9,082 Delaware 366 District of Columbia 2,468 Florida 7,036 Georgia 11,935 Kentucky 5,945 Louisiana 13,652 Maryland 7,122 Mississippi 1,021 3,552 North Carolinae Oklahomag / South Carolina 599 Tennessee 4,568 33,897 Texase Virginia 1,845 West Virginia 1,437

68,046 ** 8,750 ** 909 26 11,935 5,595 1,332 2,226 917 995 / 599 4,318 28,781 226 1,437

32,932 ** ** ** 1,559 6,991 0 49 12,119 4,896 0 2,557 / 0 8 3,237 1,516 0

668 ** ** ** 0 10 0 8 201 0 104 0 / 0 229 115 1 0

2,513 ** 332 ** 0 9 0 293 0 0 0 0 / 0 13 1,764 102 0

2,830 2,464 0 366 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 / 0 0 0 0 0

Federal State

Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

25

Appendix table 8. Adults entering parole, by type of sentence, 2007 (cont.) Number of adults entering parole, 2007 Region and jurisdiction

Total reported

West Alaska Arizonae California Colorado Hawaii Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming

229,389 709 14,862 178,161 9,089 694 1,689 769 3,653 2,013 9,210 2,524 5,708 308

Discretionarya Mandatoryb Reinstatementc 14,724 57 50 13 5,570 686 1,407 769 2,275 ** 1,092 2,486 18 301

169,401 646 12,370 137,990 3,348 0 ~ 0 1,313 ** 8,044 0 5,690 0

Otherd

36,257 6 0 35,841 0 8 282 0 65 ** 10 38 0 7

6,930 0 2,442 4,317 171 0 ~ 0 0 ** 0 0 0 0

Unknown or not reported 2,077 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,013 64 0 0 0

Note: Based on reported data only. For imputed entries to parole, see table 3. ** Not known. / Not reported. ~ Not applicable. a

Discretionary parole entries are persons entering because of a parole board decision.

b

Mandatory parole entries are persons whose releases from prison were not decided by a parole board. Includes those entering because of determinate sentencing statutes, good-time provisions, or emergency releases. cReinstatement

entries are persons returned to parole after serving time in a prison because of a parole

violation. dIncludes parolees who were: sentenced by a judge to a fixed period of incarceration based on a determinate statute immediately followed by a period of supervised released, transferred from another state, released temporarily to parole, released from a boot camp operated by the Department of Corrections, released (from prison) through a conditional medical or mental health release to parole, absconders that were returned to parole supervision, on pre-trial supervision, sentenced to community supervision for life because of a sex offense and others, placed under supervision due to a suspended sentence, and others. e f

Some or all detailed data are estimated for entries.

Data represent state parolee entries only. Data are not available for county parolees.

g

No data provided. An estimated 35,300 adults entered parole supervision in Illinois (34,300) and Oklahoma (1,000) during 2007. See Methodology.

26 Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

Appendix table 9. Adults on parole, by gender, 2007 Region and jurisdiction

Parole population, 12/31/2007

Gender Male

Female

Unknown or not reported

824,365

690,462

96,944

36,959

92,673 731,692

78,017 612,445

14,642 82,302

14 36,945

Northeast Connecticut Maine Massachusettsb New Hampshireb New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Rhode Island Vermontb

155,288 2,177 32 3,209 1,653 15,043 53,669 78,107 462 936

134,888 1,896 31 2,940 1,491 13,998 49,860 63,474 431 767

20,308 189 1 269 162 1,045 3,809 14,633 31 169

92 92 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Midwest Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota Ohiob South Dakota Wisconsin

136,343 33,354 10,362 3,546 4,842 21,131 4,744 19,849 800 342 17,575 2,812 16,986

91,541 ** 9,132 2,906 4,428 19,081 4,364 16,954 670 274 16,064 2,310 15,358

11,428 ** 1,230 640 414 2,050 380 2,892 130 68 1,511 485 1,628

33,374 33,354 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 17 0

Southa Alabama Arkansas Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Mississippi North Carolina Oklahoma South Carolina Tennessee Texasb Virginiab West Virginia

243,512 7,790 19,388 535 5,569 4,654 23,111 12,741 24,085 13,856 2,015 3,311 / 2,433 10,496 101,748 6,850 1,830

212,991 7,006 16,852 491 5,124 4,360 20,498 10,547 21,255 12,810 1,671 3,119 / 2,173 9,210 91,036 5,338 1,501

27,421 784 2,536 44 445 294 2,613 2,194 2,830 1,046 344 192 / 260 1,286 10,712 1,512 329

3,100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 / 0 0 0 0 0

U.S. totala Federal Statea

Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

27

Appendix table 9. Adults on parole, by gender, 2007 (cont.) Region and jurisdiction West Alaska Arizona California Colorado Hawaii Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming

Parole population, 12/31/2007 196,549 1,544 6,807 123,764 11,086 2,110 3,114 966 3,653 3,527 22,658 3,597 13,017 706

Gender Male

Female

173,025 1,464 5,764 110,301 9,461 1,823 2,692 811 3,227 2,647 19,698 3,078 11,462 597

23,145 80 1,043 13,463 1,625 287 422 155 426 501 2,960 519 1,555 109

Unknown or not reported 379 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 379 0 0 0 0

** Not known. / Not reported. a lncludes an estimated 3,100 parolees under supervision in Oklahoma on December 31, 2007. See Methodology. bSome

or all detailed data are estimated for gender.

28 Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

Appendix table 10. Adults on parole, by race/ethnic origin, 2007 Race/ethnic origin American Indian/Alaskan Native Asian

Parole population, 12/31/2007

White

824,365

322,501

287,640

148,557

7,727

5,590

502

568

51,280

92,673 731,692

34,422 288,079

33,364 254,276

20,145 128,412

1,872 5,855

2,193 3,397

228 274

0 568

449 50,831

Northeast Connecticut Maine Massachusettsb New Hampshireb New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Rhode Islandc Vermontb,d

155,288 2,177 32 3,209 1,653 15,043 53,669 78,107 462 936

59,336 492 32 1,659 1,066 4,167 9,517 41,269 277 857

62,545 945 0 813 91 7,452 24,443 28,665 99 37

29,050 631 0 620 353 3,274 17,852 6,245 75 **

352 4 0 3 5 12 259 64 1 4

845 13 0 48 6 138 313 318 8 1

4 ~ 0 0 1 0 0 3 ** **

58 ~ 0 0 0 0 0 58 ** **

3,098 92 0 66 131 0 1,285 1,485 2 37

Midwest Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansasb Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota Ohiob South Dakota Wisconsine

136,343 33,354 10,362 3,546 4,842 21,131 4,744 19,849 800 342 17,575 2,812 16,986

57,330 ** 6,057 2,809 2,870 9,387 2,868 13,129 489 247 9,631 2,030 7,813

39,561 ** 3,870 531 1,403 11,302 1,096 6,236 178 14 7,733 149 7,049

3,717 ** 375 137 468 233 405 397 89 20 141 42 1,410

1,803 ** 26 42 65 140 273 54 29 59 35 587 493

430 ** 8 26 36 41 102 33 13 2 18 ** 151

0 ** ~ ~ ** 0 0 ** 0 0 0 ** **

6 ** 6 ** ** 0 0 ** ** 0 0 ** **

33,496 33,354 20 1 0 28 0 0 2 0 17 4 70

Southa Alabama Arkansasb Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Mississippi North Carolina Oklahoma South Carolina Tennessee Texasb Virginiab West Virginia

243,512 7,790 19,388 535 5,569 4,654 23,111 12,741 24,085 13,856 2,015 3,311 / 2,433 10,496 101,748 6,850 1,830

92,272 2,771 11,007 212 52 1,731 8,365 9,137 8,731 3,590 885 1,128 / 810 5,178 33,732 3,320 1,623

114,940 4,975 7,876 310 5,429 2,480 13,841 3,275 15,235 10,210 1,113 1,920 / 1,591 5,012 38,111 3,357 205

31,546 31 397 12 72 421 784 41 28 ** 10 151 / 19 272 29,307 ** 1

213 2 26 0 0 5 16 7 4 10 5 59 / 4 11 53 10 1

359 10 53 0 3 5 15 17 16 25 2 17 / 1 22 173 ** 0

27 ** 0 0 0 5 0 ** 21 ** 0 1 / 0 0 0 ** 0

25 ** ** ** 0 6 ** 19 0 ** 0 ** / ~ 0 0 ** 0

4,130 1 29 1 13 1 90 245 50 21 0 35 / 8 1 372 163 0

Region and jurisdiction U.S.

totala

Federal Statea

Black/African American

Hispanic or Latino

Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Two or Unknown or Islander more races not reported

Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

29

Appendix table 10. Adults on parole, by race/ethnic origin, 2007 (cont.)

Region and jurisdiction West Alaskae Arizona Californiab Colorado Hawaii Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming

Parole population, 12/31/2007

White

Black/African American

196,549 1,544 6,807 123,764 11,086 2,110 3,114 966 3,653 3,527 22,658 3,597 13,017 706

79,141 599 3,414 37,121 5,383 ** 2,328 779 ** 918 17,630 2,466 7,941 562

37,230 165 891 29,295 1,801 ** 54 15 ** 214 1,922 161 2,685 27

Hispanic or Latino

Race/ethnic origin American Indian/Alaskan Native Asian

64,099 30 2,026 51,351 3,588 ** 615 21 ** 1,749 2,420 732 1,481 86

3,487 278 396 1,016 213 ** 59 135 ** 240 473 129 520 28

1,763 38 20 982 101 ** 20 6 ** 7 198 51 338 2

Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Two or Unknown or Islander more races not reported 243 ** 0 181 ~ ** ~ 0 ** 1 ~ 58 2 1

479 425 0 ** ~ ** ~ 7 ** 0 ~ 0 47 0

~ Not applicable. ** Not known. / Not reported. alncludes b

an estimated 3,100 parolees under supervision in Oklahoma on December 31, 2007. See Methodology.

Some or all detailed data are estimated for race.

c Classifies Hispanic as a race rather than an ethnicity; therefore, it cannot be determined whether parolees who are Hispanic are also of another race. Additionally, those parolees who are of another race may also be Hispanic. d Does not collect ethnicity data; therefore, the number of Hispanic parolees cannot be determined. Additionally, whether or not other racial categories include Hispanic parolees cannot be determined. e”Asian”

includes an unspecified number of parolees who are “Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander” because “Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander” could not be reported separately.

30 Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

10,107 9 60 3,818 0 2,110 38 3 3,653 398 15 0 3 0

Appendix table 11. Adults on parole, by type of offense, 2007 Type of offense

Parole population, 12/31/2007

Violent

Property

Drug

Public-order

Other

824,365

180,501

168,954

254,472

49,725

38,569

132,144

92,673 731,692

6,219 174,282

17,465 151,489

48,594 205,878

20,342 29,383

0 38,569

53 132,091

Northeast Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York Pennsylvaniab Rhode Island Vermontc

155,288 2,177 32 3,209 1,653 15,043 53,669 78,107 462 936

37,606 158 32 ** ** 4,371 21,505 11,037 278 225

9,793 236 0 ** ** 2,379 5,065 1,837 34 242

37,474 709 0 ** ** 4,825 23,439 8,290 118 93

3,933 52 0 ** ** 1,956 0 1,912 13 **

8,203 254 0 ** ** 1,512 3,660 2,399 19 359

58,279 768 0 3,209 1,653 0 0 52,632 0 17

Midwest Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansasc Michigand Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakotac Ohioc South Dakota Wisconsin

136,343 33,354 10,362 3,546 4,842 21,131 4,744 19,849 800 342 17,575 2,812 16,986

24,812 ** 75 252 2,808 5,136 1,906 4,012 171 16 9,930 506 **

27,772 ** 2,812 791 387 11,896 593 6,255 260 75 3,972 731 **

24,029 ** 2,585 1,660 1,453 4,099 1,860 8,114 280 224 2,320 1,434 **

4,135 ** 1,756 705 ** ** 141 ** 74 0 1,318 141 **

2,373 ** 254 138 194 0 242 1,468 15 27 35 0 **

53,222 33,354 2,880 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 16,986

Southa Alabama Arkansas Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Mississippi North Carolina Oklahoma South Carolina Tennessee Texasc Virginiac West Virginia

243,512 7,790 19,388 535 5,569 4,654 23,111 12,741 24,085 13,856 2,015 3,311 / 2,433 10,496 101,748 6,850 1,830

55,704 ** 4,617 191 2,072 2,313 4,335 2,950 3,264 6,031 503 2,169 / 715 3,147 19,841 3,151 405

61,135 ** 6,040 74 1,881 1,098 6,594 4,191 6,503 2,334 670 267 / 660 2,057 25,630 2,580 556

88,177 ** 6,438 97 1,414 734 10,121 5,204 12,114 4,371 842 88 / 671 2,795 42,003 835 450

16,661 ** 348 62 0 358 1,432 396 0 ** 0 380 / 14 0 13,060 192 419

10,682 ** 1,945 111 177 151 391 0 2,204 1,120 0 407 / 373 2,497 1,214 92 0

11,153 7,790 0 0 25 0 238 0 0 0 0 0 / 0 0 0 0 0

Region and jurisdiction U.S. totala Federal Statea

Unknown or not reported

Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables

31

Appendix table 11. Adults on parole, by type of offense, 2007 (cont.) Region and jurisdiction West Alaska Arizona Californiac Colorado Hawaii Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming

Type of offense

Parole population, 12/31/2007

Violent

Property

Drug

196,549 1,544 6,807 123,764 11,086 2,110 3,114 966 3,653 3,527 22,658 3,597 13,017 706

56,160 681 1,359 32,794 2,882 ** 1,116 376 ** ** 8,951 1,300 6,502 199

52,789 176 2,219 37,707 4,370 ** 804 225 ** ** 5,017 989 1,037 245

56,198 206 1,914 37,675 3,246 ** 1,032 346 ** ** 5,826 938 4,769 246

Public-order 4,654 73 1,315 ** 287 ** 0 1 ** ** 2,864 109 ** 5

Other 17,311 293 0 15,588 301 ** 162 18 ** ** 0 261 677 11

Unknown or not reported 9,437 115 0 0 0 2,110 0 0 3,653 3,527 0 0 32 0

** Not known. / Not reported. a

lncludes an estimated 3,100 parolees under supervision in Oklahoma on December 31, 2007. See Methodology.

b

Detailed data represent state parolees only. Detailed data are not available for county parolees.

c

Some or all detailed data are estimated for type of offense.

d"Property" includes an unspecified number of parolees who are under supervision for a "public-order" offense because "public-order" could not be reported separately.

32 Probation and Parole in the United States, 2007 Statistical Tables