Unit 4.docx

ENGLISH ASSIGMENT UNIT 4 MATHEMATICAL SYMBOL AND PROPERTY OF MATERIAL

GROUP 1: Arya Rizqy Irangga

(1831410137)

Diyah Indriya Lestari (1831410112) Illa Fatma Qori’atul Amaliyah

( (1831410136)

Vina Purwatiningsih (1831410026)

STATE POLYTECHNIC of MALANG CHEMICAL ENGINEERING D-III CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2018/2019

Definition Gasoline is a liquid fuel that we use mainly in spark-ignited internal combustion engines. It is transparent liquid and a petroleum-derived fuel. Thus, the major constituent in this fuel is organic compounds namely hydrocarbons. Likewise, Gasoline contains a mixture of lightweight hydrocarbons with some additives added to enhance the desirable properties. Moreover, crude oil or petroleum comes from earth as a natural source. We can obtain crude oil via mining the underground levels of earth and, via oil-refining, we can produce gasolinelike fuels. Typically, 42 gallons of crude oil yields about 19 gallons of gasoline. Kerosene is a liquid fuel that derives from petroleum that has wide applications in industry and household needs. It is a mixture of combustible hydrocarbon compounds. The synonyms that we use for the same fuel are paraffin oil, lamp oil and coal oil. Moreover, it is useful in powering jet engines, rocket engines and as a cooking and lighting oil.

Characteristic 

Gasoline 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

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Easily evaporates at normal temperature. Colorless, translucent and smelly. Has a boiling point (70° C - 140° C). Has a low density (0.60 to 0.78). Can dissolve oil and rubber. Produces large amounts of heat (9,500 - 10,500 kcal / kg). Slightly leaving carbon after being burned.

Kerosene: 1. Has boiling point about 175°C -284°C 2. Has specific gravity about 0.7-0.83 3. Petroleum usually contains 5-25% kerosene, while in kerosene it contains compounds such as paraffin, naphthen, aromatics, and sulfur compounds. The amount of the content of compound components in kerosene will affect the properties of kerosene. 4. The properties that must be owned by kerosene are: flash point, smoke point, thickness, sulfur content, combustion properties and distinctive odor and color.

Advantage and disadvantage 1. Price Kerosene is more expensive than gasoline because it is no longer subsidized by the government, kerosene is replaced by LPG gas that is subsidized by the government, besides kerosene is increasingly scarce and rarely found because it costs more. 2. Flammability Gasoline and kerosene, obtained from the same crude oil and the real difference lies in the length of the hydrocarbon chain that composes them. Gasoline is easier to run out when burned compared to kerosene because gasoline has a lower type of heat than kerosene. Hydrocarbon chains that form compounds Gasoline (C7 to C11) is lower than the hydrocarbon chain that forms soil oil (C12 to C15). 3. Volatility In terms of volatility, gasoline is easier to volatile than kerosene. Because, gasoline is having lower boiling point that’s about 70° - 140° and kerosene is having boiling point about 175° 284°. That’s why gasoline is easier to volatile.