U Nu Tantawoo Tin Lwar

  • May 2020
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q&mBuD ; OD ; Ek

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oH a wmf O D ; wif v T m usrf ;

aumZmouú&mZf-1178 (at'D - 1816) wGifa&;onf /

jynfawmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf tpövmrfomoema&;&maumifpDXmecsKyf trSwf 183? AdkvfqGefyufvrf;? &efukefûrdY/ zHk; - 252608

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf tpövmrfomoema&;&m aumifpDXmecsKyf twGif;a&;rª;csKyf\ trSmpm tpövmrf omoema&;&maumifpDtm; 1954-ckESpfrS pwifí zGJUpnf;wnfaxmif vmcJhonf/ zGJUpnf; pOfrS ,aeYwdkif jrefrmEdkifiHw0Srf;&Sd tpövmrfomoem0ifrsm;tm; w&m;ppf w&m;rSefudk jrefrmEdkifiH\ a&?ajr? obm0 ESifh avsmfnDpGm usifhMuHtm;xkwf aqmufwnfEdkif&ef twGuf tpövmrfhcrf;em;rsm;? oifwef;rsm;? w&m;yJGrsm; tjyif pmtkyfpmayrsm;vnf; xkwfa0jzefYcsDvQuf &Sdygonf/ tpövmrf omoema&;&maumifpDonf tpövmrfusrf;pmtkyfrsm;tjzpf (46) usrf;txd xkwfa0 jzefYcsDcJh&m xkwfa 0NyD; usrf;pmtkyfrsm;rSm rsm;aomtm;jzifh jywfvyfvQuf&Sdojzifh 1995-99-ckESpf oufwrf; wGif wm0ef,laom XmecsKyf trIaqmiftzGJUtaejzifh usrf;pmtkyfrsm; jyefvnfxkwfa0&ef qHk;jzwfonfh tavsmuf apwem&Sif tpövmrfomoem0ifrsm;\ 0dkif;0ef;ulnDrIjzifh tpövmrfaumifpD ESpf(40)txdrf;trSwf r*¾Zif;tjyif tpövmrftajcjyusrf;? tpövmrfbmomoifcef;pm yxrwGJ? 'kwd,wGJ? wwd,wGJ? pwkw¬wGJESifh tm*Hkaqmifusrf; wdkYudk½dkufESdyf xkwfa0cJhNyD; jzpfygonf/ þ oHawmfOD;wifvTmusrf;udk tpövmrf pmpOftrSwf(13) tjzpfvnf;aumif;? a&S;a[mif;jrefrmpmay rsm;az:xkwfa&; pDrHcsuf pmpOftrSwf(u) tjzpfvnf;aumif;? 1960-ckESpf? rwfvwGif xkwfa0cJhNyD jzpfygonf/ ,if;oHawmfOD;wifvTmusrf;udk tr&yl&ûrdUwnf eef;wnfaom ukef;abmifrif;qufwGif yg0ifonfh y'Hkrif; ac: bdk;awmfrif;w&m; xHodkYwifavQmufonfh usrf;jzpfayonf/ þusrf;udk c&pfouú&mZf 1816ckESpf wGif a&;om;wifavQmufojzifh vGefcJhaomESpfaygif; (181)-ckü a&;om;cJhaomusrf; jzpfonf/ oHawmfOD;wifvTmusrf;udk a&;om;olrSm jrefrmpmayordkif;ü txif&Sm;qHk;aom jrefrmrGwfpfvifrf pmay ynm&SifwpfOD; jzpfol pmqdkawmfBuD; OD;ek a&;om;avQmufcJhaom usrf;jzpfonf/ q&mBuD;OD;Ekonf tpövmrf bmoma&;qdkif&m usrf;rsm;tjzpf 35 cPf;usrf; 55 cPf;usrf;tjyif aq;usrf;ESifh c&D;oGm;rSwf wrf;tjzpf b*Fvm;oGm; rSwfwrf;udkvnf;ûypkcJhaom yk*d¾KvfwpfOD;jzpfonf/ ukef;abmifacwf jrefrmpmayvuf&mudk rl&if;twdkif; od&SdavhvmEdkif&ef owfyHkrsm;tm; ,if;acwft a&;tom;twdkif; rûyjyifyJ xm;&Sdygonf/ þusrf;udk tzGJUwGif;ü uefYowfí xkwfa0jcif; jzpfygonf/ tpövmrfaumifpD0ifrsm; taejzifh þusrf;udk zwf½IUavhvmNyD; tpövmrftusdK; ydkrdko,fydk;Edkif&ef tpövmrf omoema&;&m aumifpDXmecsKyfodkY vdktyfaom tMuHOmPfrsm; ay;ydkYEdkifygonf/ tpövmrf aumifpD0ifrsm; þusrf;udkavhvmNyD; tpövmrfbmomtwGuf rGefjrwfpGm usifhMuHtm;xkwf EdkifMuygapaMumif; qkrGefaumif; awmif;tyfygonf/ tpövmrfa&;&m-'dkY0efwm tefqGm&Dwif0if;( LL.B)

&ufpGJ?1997-ckESpf?Edk0ifbmv (27)&uf/ twGif;a&;rSL;csKyf

pum;ajy/ a&S;wdkif;&if;om; rGwfpfvifrfpma&;q&mBuD;rsm;ESifh xdkq&mBuD;wdkY a&;om;cJhaom pmayrsm; taMumif; udk jyefvnf az:xkwfEdkif&ef tpövmrf omoema&;&m aumifpDonf okawoe ûyae ygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHawmf tpdk;& ,Ofaus;rI XmenTefMum;a&;0ef oD&djyefcsD OD;omjrwfonf wdkYArm rGwfpfvifrf BuD;rsm; \ vuf&m[laom acgif;pOfjzifh aqmif;yg;wyk'fudk jr0wD r*¾Zif;wGif a&;om;cJhbl;onf/ þaqmif;yg;wGif jrefrmrGwfpvif pma&;q&mBuD;rsm;\ pum;ajyvuf&mrsm;udkom az:jyxm;í uAsm? vuFmvuf&mrsm;ryg&Sda y/

yHkESdyfbl;aomusrf;rsm;/ vGefcJhaom ESpfaygif;50ausmfcefYu rEÅav;ûrdUcsmeD,mpmyHkESdyfwdkufwGif ½dkufESdyfí 83-ukefonfvrf; wdkufeHygwf 48-armifumpifa&mif;csonfqdkaom 16ydk'f vuFmq&mBuD;OD;Ek trnfay;xm;onfh pmtkyfwGif aemufydkif;ü pmtkyfaMumfjimrsm;udk xnfhxm;onf/ pmtkyfaygif; 23-tkyf\trnfrsm;yg&Sdonf/ ¤if;wdkYwGif &Sm*s&wkvf,onf 31-cPf;usrf;BuD;/ rdkY[r®'ftvdk[pävmrf 0w¬KawmfBuD;ESifhrdkYewfaAh['D;pfusrf;?35-cPf; &S&musrf;?trD&f[rfZm 0w¬KawmfBuD;? atvifrftusOf;csKyfusrf;? [EézDermZfcPf;?&SmztDermZfcPf;? zG&wf 130-[oG&wftvD qHk;rcPf;? azGumtuúA&ftwGif;vrf;&S&musrf;? yoDyHkjyif0w¬K? auhqGqGvftefaAsU ,m? refpl&frif;om; ESihf armh[erif;oD®;0w¬Kopf? eef;jyef&pdkvdkifrHydkif*Hbm&focifav;uRef&SifESifh AspfvfuD;pfpGqG rif;oD®;0w¬KawmfBuD;opf? q&mBuD;OD;Eka&;om;ûypkcJhaom qHk;rcPf;? vuFmpmwrf;ESifh ermZfcPf;t&yf&yf? ,llpGyf eAsD;ESifhZdkvdkifcgrif;oD®;0w¬Kawmfopf ponfhusrf;yg0ifonfudk pdwf0ifpm;pGmawGU&onf/ þpmtkyf pm&if;rSm yHkESyfNyD;í a&mif;&eftoifh&Sdaeaom pmtkyfwdkY\ pm&if;omjzpfonf/ yHkrESdyf&aom ayrl? y&ydkufrl? vufa&; rlrsm;ESifh pmtkyfaygif; rnfrQ&Sdao;onfudk rajymEdkifay/

tzd k ; wef v uf a &;rl 2-ql / txufjrefrmEdkifiHodkY c&D;xGufpOfu tr&yl&ûrdUtD;udkudkBuD;rS ZmaygufobG,f ydk;pm;aeNyDjzpfaom 35-cPf;&S&musrf;\vufa&;rlpmtkyfBuD;wtkyfudk iSg;&rf;&&SdcJhayonf/ xdkvuf&;rludka&;om;aomESpfrSm ouú&mZf 1216-ck eawåmfvqef; 8&uf?wevFmaeYwGif 35-cPf;pmudk a&;íNyD; jynfhpHkjyD [k usrf;tqHk;ü az:jyxm;ojzifh vGefcJhaom 106-ESpfu jzpfaMumif;od&onf/

q&mBuD;OD;Eka&;usrf;rsm;/ xdkc&D;üyif rEÅav;ûrdUpDatOD;bvGifxHrS wjcm;vufa&;rlwtkyf iSm;&rf;&cJhayonf/ xdkvufa&;rlrSm tpydkif;ESifh tqHk;ydkif;wGifpm&GwftcsdKU r&Sdawmhyg/ ¤if;pmtkyfwGif (1)o&Z&S&mtD 35-cPf;pm? (1212-ckyXr 0gqdkvjynfh 15&ufwevFmaeY) (2) 6-cPf;pm? (1212-ck'kwd, 0gqdkvjynfhausmf 8&uft*FgaeY) (3) 3cPf;pm? (1212-ck 0gacgifvqef; 4&ufAk'¨[l;aeY) (4) 11-cPf;pm? (1212-ck 0gacgifvjynfhausmf13 &ufAk'¨[l;aeY) (5) 7-cPf;pm? (1212-ck awmfovif;vjynfhausmf3&uf wevFmaeY) [kþ(usrf;5usrf;) udkacgifrif;BuD; q&mOD;&pfBuD; a&;ul;íNyD;jynfhpHkonf [kaz:jyxm;onf/ xdkYjyif 16-ydk'f vuFm? 7-ydk'fpm? oHawmfOD;wifvTmusrf; wdkYvnf;ygonf/ ¤if;jyifvufpGJawmfcHkrif; armifa&Tyk ûyvkyfonfh vufaqmifav;q,f? zG&wfw&mhoHk;q,f vuFmpmvnf;ygonf/ odkYaomfrjynfhpHk awmhay/

acgifrif;od'd¨e&m/ q&mBuD;OD;Ek\pmrsm;vufpJGawmfcH rif;armifa&Tyk\ omoemhvuFmpmrsm;udk tjrwfwEdk;a&;ul;cJh aomyk*d¾KvfrSm acgifrif;(cHkrif;)wpfOD;jzpfaMumif;? ¤if;\ bGJUtrnfrSm od'd¨e&mjzpfaMumif;? trnfrSm OD;&pfBuD; jzpfaMumif;? trnf\a&SUwGif q&mudkxnfhavh&SdaMumif;? ¤if;a&;ul;aom usrf;rsm;\ tqHk;wGif trsdK;rsdK; a&;om;xm;onfukd rawGU&\/ a&;ul;ol\ bGJUtrnftjynfhtpHkrSm acgif;rif;od'd¨e&m q&m &pfBuD;yifjzpfonf [kod&rnf/

q&mBuD;OD;&pf\qE´udkvdkufaomtm;jzifh/ þyk*d¾KvfBuD;onf owfyHkrsm;yifcsdKU,Gif;vifhupm; rdrdvufa&;jzifh pm&Gwfaygif;350 pmrsufESmaygif; 700-cefY&Sdaom tpövmrfpmayrsm;udk cufcufcJcJa&;ul;cJhonf/ ¤if;a&;ul;xm;cJhívnf;? uREfkyfwdkYod&SdEdkif jcif; jzpfonf/ ola&;ul;onfhumvrSm usrf;rsm;pwifay:aygufNyD; aemufESpfoHk;av;q,f twGif;ujzpf&m tcsdefumvrsm;pGm Mumajimif;jcif;r&SdcJhao;ay? ,ckwzef ESpfaygif; 150-cefYMumrS tpövmrfomoema&;&m aumifpDu acgif;rif;od'd¨e&m q&m&pfBuD;\ pdwfqE´rsdK;udkxm;&Sdaomtm;jzifh þa&S;pmrGefpmjrwfjzpfonfh q&mBuD;OD;Eka&;oHawmfOD;wifvTmusrf; 4-ydk'fudkjrefrmpmzwfy&dowf tusdK;iSg jyefvnfyHkESdyf jzefYcsDvdkuf&ay aMumif;/ yHkESdyf&mü vG,fulpGm &SmazGzwf½IEdkif&ef tydk'fcGJjcif; acgif;pOfxnfhay;jcif;ESifh pmtxm;todkwdkYudkom ûyjyifxnfhoGif;jcif;jzpfygonf/ rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif;yif jznfhpGuf y,fEIwf jyifqifjcif;r&SdbJ tjynfhtpHk rl&if;twdkif;yif xm;&SdygaMumif;/

aus;Zl; þuJhodkY tzdk;xdkufwefvSí aqGpOfrsdK;quf w½dkwao xdef;odrf;vmaom a&S;a[mif;pmrlrsm;udk ,HkMunf &ufa&mpGm iSg;&rf;Muonfh OD;udkudkBuD;ESifh pDatOD;bvGifwdkYtm; aus;Zl;txl;wif&SdaMumif; az:jy tyfygonf/

3-ESpf pDrHudef;/ þodkYod&Sdxm;aomusrf;rsm;udk jyefvnfaz:xkwf&efta&;BuD;vSonf/ aumifpD\ yXrjynfvHk;uRwf nDvmcHwGifjyVmef;cJhonfh 3-ESpfpDrHudef;wGifvnf; tygt0ifjzpfonf/ &EdkifonfhtcsdeftwGif;wGif okawoeûycJhNyD;aemuf q&mBuD;OD;Ek\ oHawmfOD;wifvTmusrf;udk a&S; a[mif;pmay az:xkwfa&;vkyfief;ü yGJOD;xGuftaejzifh yHkESdyfxkwfa0cGifh&onfukd?0rf;ajrmufvSonf/

oHawmfOD;wifvTmusrf;ay:aygufcJhyHk/ oHawmfOD;wifvTmusrf;udk ukef;abmifacwf y'Hkrif;[kvnf;wGifaom bdk;awmfbk&m; 1143-1181-ck vufxufwGifomoemaygif;pHkESifh pyfvsOf;í bk&if{u&mZfu pl;prf;&SmazGar;jref; avhvmawmfrl&mwGif tpövmrf omoemtwGuf q&mBuD;OD;Eka&;om; wifqufaom tpövmrfomoemavQmuf pmwrf;yifjzpfay onf/

pDat OD;bvGifxHrS &&Sdaomvufa&;pmrlpm&Gufa& 277wGif(MuufaxmifhwGifwif) q'´efqifrif;onf vufeufpMumocift&Sif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD; 1178ckESpf? Muufaxmifhudk xGuaf wmfrlí MuufaxmifhwGif ukvm;ykPÖm;&[ef; ynm&SdwdkYudk? toD;oD; tp&Sd&if tqHk;&Sd&rnfh w&m;pum;udk t&yf&yfvlrsdK;wdYkudk ar;awmfrl&m? ukvm;wdkYtusifhw&m; usrf;*efwGif&Sd&m q&mBuD;armifEk oHawmfOD;wifonfh pmudk a&;om;xm;onfudk 35-cPf;usrf;tqHk;wGif a&;ayOD;tHh[k oHawmfOD;wifvTmusrf; ESifh pyfvsOf;í az:jyxm;ygonf/ xdkvufa&;rl pm&Gufa& 310wGif bkef;awmftvGefBuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom q'´efqifrif;ocif? b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuDbk&m;onfukvm;jA[®m? ykPÖm;&[ef; t&yf&yfvlrsdK;wdkYudk trsdK;bmomwdkYtusifh usrf;*ef&Sdonfhtwdkif; wif&rnf ar;awmfrl&m? MuufaxmifhwGif t&ifqHk;yk'fudkwifonf? ukvm;q&marmifEk tcsD;trGrf;awmfcH&í wifonfhq&mrsm;udk qkvmbfoem;awmfrlpOf? ¤if;aemuf3-yk'frSm aemufar;awmfrl jyefvQif wif&efa&;xm;yg? q&mvlBuD;wpkwdkY awmif;yefaomaMumifh aemuf3-yk'frSm aemufar;awmfrlvQif wif&efa&;xm;onf/ ouú&mZf 1212ck? oDwif;uRwfvjynfhausmf 13&uf? paeaeYnae 3csufwD;tcsdefwGif q&mBuD;armifEk ûypkonfh 35-cPf;pmwapmif? 6-cPf;pmwapmif?3-cPf;pmwapmif? 11- cPf;pm wapmif? 6-cPf;pmwapmif? 7-cPf;pmwapmif? usrf;15usrf;ESifh 16-ydk'fvuFm? 7-ydk'fqHk;rpm? oHawmfOD; wif&ef 4-ydk'frsm;ESifh wuG q&mBuD; acgifrif;udk&pfa&;ul;í NyD;onf/

ESpfaygif; 150 cefYupm/ þaumufEIwfcsuft& oHawmfOD;wifvTmusrf;4-ydk'fudk tm;vHk;q&mBuD;OD;Eka&;onfrSm aocsmonf yXrtydk'fukd Muufaxmifhü txufaz:jyyg 1178-ck wenf;qdkaomf/ vGefcJhaom 144 ESpfubdk;awmfbk&m;trdefYawmftwdkif; q&mBuD;OD;Eku a&;om;wifoGif;&onfudk od&onf? aemifar;jref;vQifwif&ef aemufxyf 3-ydk'fudk toifha&;xm;onf[kod&onf/

okawoevkyfief;/ q&mBuD;OD;Ek\tw¬KyÜwdå? q&mBuD;OD;Eka&;cJhaompmaywdkY\ ordkif;pOftaMumif;udk okawoe vkyfpJ jzpfygonf/ q&mBuD;OD;Ek\usef&Sdaeaom usrf;rsm;udk toQifjrwftvdkawmf&Sdí qufvuf xkwfa0Edkifaom tcg xnfhoGif;az:jyEdkifcGifh &&Sdvdrfhrnf[k,HkMunfygaMumif;/

aZ,sausmfxifAdkvfrª;b&Sif twGif;a&;rª;csKyf tpövmrfomoema&;&maumifpDXmecsKyf/

bd k ; awmf r if ; w&m;BuD ; tm; q&mawmf B uD ; OD ; Ek u ? usif h & ef ? MuOf & ef (tpö v mrf ) w&m; tusOf;csKyfqufoGif;aom

oHawmfOD;wifvTmusrf;/ yxrydk'f zefqif;aomt&Sifudkodtyfjcif; owå0gjzpfaomvlwdkY t&G,fodkY a&mufvQifa&S;OD;pGm odtyfonfum;? zefqif;aom t&Sifudkodtyfyg onf/ zefqif;aom t&Sif[lonfum;? (t&fAsD) bmomrSm (atmv’m[f) rnfygonf/ (tvpfzG) tu©&m/ 1/ (vmrf) tu©&m/2/ (a[) tu©&m/ 1/ xdk tu©&mav;vHk;t"dyÜg,fum;/ a&S;OD;pGm (tvpfzG) tu©&mjyyg onf/ edrdwfrSm (t['D,mwf) t"dyÜg,fum;? wyg;wnf;qdkygonf/ (vmrf) tu©&mESpfrSm(urmvD,wf) t"dyÜg,fum;/ jyif;xefyljyif;vSpGmaom a&mifjcnfawmf/ rtHhrMoEdkif&maom (*svmvD,wf) (uG'´&wf)aw aZmawZ wefcdk;awmf\ edrdwfudkjyygonf/ (a[) tu©&mrSm (tdkç vl[D,wf) t"dyÜg,fum;/ cyfodrf;aom owå0gtygif;wdkY\ udk;uG,frSDcdk&mjzpfaom edrdwfudkjyygonf/ t"dyÜg,fum;?t&Sif[lí &ygonf/(zGm&pD) bmomrSm(cdk'g)ac:a0:ygonf/ t"dyÜg,fum;? t&Sif[lí&ygonf/ ([ifEGwfpwmeD) bmomrSm(uspf&wm) ac:ygonf/

t&Sifjrwf\ *k P f a wmf / t"dyÜg,fum;?cyfodrf;aom trIudkûyjyifol? xdkzefqif;aom t&Sifonf tpr&Sd?tqHk;r&Sd? y#doaE¨ae jcif;? tdkjcif;? emjcif;? aojcif;? abmufjyefajymif;vJr&Sd? t½kyfoEÅmefr&Sd? twktbufr&Sd? tarhtrSm;tpm; tdyfr&Sd? ysif;&dyifyef;csif;r&Sd/ tcsdefumvwdkif;? t&yfa'owdkif;&Sdaeawmfrl\/ tjrJtpOf wnfawmfrl\/ rnfoludkrQvnf; wuJ rûy/ wdkifyifbufvnf;r&Sd/ ukodkvfw&m;udka[mawmfrl\/ ukodkvfudk ûyawmfrl\/ tukodkvfudk rûyESifh jrpfwm;awmfrl\/ om;r,m; tp&Sdaom pnf;pdrfudkvnf; awmifhwawmfrrl/ awmifhw jcif;uif;\/ txl;ojzifh pifMu,foefY&Sif;awmfrl\/ þurÇmrdkCf;ajr?ae-v-eu©wfwm&m? awmawmif?owå0gewfvl? t[dwfwd&pämefwdkYudk ½kyfeHESifhwuG xif&Sm;pGmjzpfatmif tdkYvl[D,wf-uG'´&wfawaZm awZ wefcdk; awmfjzifh ûyjyifzefqif;awmfrl\/ xdkowå0gtaygif;wdkYudk apmifha&Smufxdef;odrf;awmfrl\/ ¤if;owå0gwdkYudk tpm;taomuf? pnf;pdrf? txdkuftavQmuf? avsmf&may;í arG;jrLodrf;ydkufawmfrl\/ ¤if;owå0gwdkYudk y#doaE¨aejcif;? emjcif;?aojcif;? abmufjyefjcif;wdkYjzifh okc-'ku© taygif;wkdYudk cHpm;ap\/ xdkt&Sifuom tjrpftajcaeudkt&if;jzpfygonf/ owå0gwdkYrjzpfr&SdrDuyif ukodkvfw&m; tukodkvfw&m;udk a[mawmfrl\/ zefqif;awmfrlaomt&Sif ESSifh twlwuG &Sdygonf/ owå0gtaygif;wdkY ukodkvfw&m;?tukodkvfw&m;udk pdwfüMuHorQudk t
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OmPfBuD;aom ynm&Sdudk ½dkao/ OmPfBuD;aom ynm&SdwdkYudk igrdkY[r®'fuJhodkY ½dkao,HkrSwf qnf;uyf&rnf/ rdkY[r®'fEIwfuygVf w&m; udktrSDûyí OmPfBuD;aomynm&SdwdkYa[majymqHk;r&m emcHusifhaqmifygaMumif;udk a&Tb0g;awmfjrwfatmuf &Sdcdk;oHawmfOD; wifygonfbk&m;/ (4-ydk'f) þwGifíum;(tpövmrf)bmom?omoemawmfjrwfESifh jrefrmrGwfpvif taygif;wdkYtm; bdk;awmfrif; w&m;BuD; bk&m;u tcsD;tjr§ifhcH&onfh q&mawmfBuD; OD;Ek qufoGif;aomoHawmfOD;wifvTmusrf;jyD;\/

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