Made By Prathmesh N. Shah
Planning Activity Covered
Period Long Term
Approach
Short Term Proactive
Corporate
Functional
Formu‐ lation Formal
Importance
Informal
Reactive Strategic
Operational
[A] Activities Covered [1] Corporate Planning Determines long‐term objectives of org. as a whole Generates plans to achieve these objectives Future Oriented Integrated
[2] Functional Planning Undertaken for sub‐functions within each major function Derived from Corporate Planning Segmental
[B] Importance of Contents
[1] Strategic
Sets long‐term direction of org. which it wants to proceed in future Encompasses all functional areas of Business Involves analysis of environmental factors Period is a problem
[2] Operational
Tactical/Short‐term Planning Aimed at sustaining the org. in its production and distribution of current products and/or services to existing markets
[C] Time Period Depends upon the type of Business and structure of the organisation What may be a long‐term period of planning for one organisation may be a short period for others. Ideal planning period depends upon Commitment Principle: “Long‐range planning is not really planning for future decisions, but rather planning the future impact of today’s decision.”
[1] Long Term Planning
Strategic in Nature Involves, generally, 3‐5 yrs Involves analysis of environmental factors
[2] Short Term Planning
Operational in nature Involves 6 months‐1 yr Aimed at sustaining organisation in its production and distribution of current products and/or services to existing market.
[D] Approach [1] Proactive Planning Designing suitable course of action in anticipation of likely changes in relevant environment To take decisions in advance
[2] Reactive Planning Organisations response comes after environmental changes have taken place Useful for fairly stable environment over a long period of time
[F] Degree of Formalisation [1] Formal Planning
Taken by larger org. Well‐structured, systematic process Involves different steps Rational Well‐documented and regular
[2] Informal Planning
Taken by smaller org. Part of Manager’s regular activities Based on Manager’s: Memory of events Intuition Gut‐feeling