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4531/2 4531/2 Physics Paper 2 Sept 2008 2 12 hours

Nama:………………………………..

Tingkatan:……………..

JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI SELANGOR PROGRAM PENINGKATAN PRESTASI SAINS DAN MATEMATIK 2008 PHYSICS Paper 2 Two hours and thirty minutes

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNLESS TOLD 1.This question paper consists of three sections: Section A, Section B and Section C. 2.Answer all questions in Section A. Write your answers for Section A in the space provided on the question paper. 3.Answer one question from Section B and one question from Section C. Write your answers for Section B and Section C on the lined pages at the end of this question paper. Answer questions in Section B and Section C in detail. You may use equations, diagrams, tables, graphs and other suitable methods to explain your answer. 4.Show your working, it may help you to get marks. 5.If you wish to cancel any answer, neatly cross out the answer. 6.The diagrams in the questions provided are not drawn to scale unless stated. 7. A list of formulae is provided on page 2. 8.The marks allocated for each question or part of a question are shown in brackets. 9.The time suggested to answer Section A is 90 minutes, Section B is 30 minutes and Section C is 30 minutes. 10.You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator. 11.Hand in this question paper at the end of the examination.

For examiner only Section

Question

A

B C

1

Full Mark 4

2

5

3

6

4

7

5

8

6

8

7

10

8

12

9

20

10

20

11

20

12

20

Marks Obtained

Total

This question paper contains 29 printed pages

[See Overleaf 4531/2

© 2005 Copyright Jabatan Pelajaran Negeri Selangor

CONFIDENTIAL

4531/2 The following information may be useful. The symbols have their usual meaning. Maklumat berikut mungkin berfaedah. Simbol-simbol mempunyai makna yang biasa

v−u t

1.

a=

2.

v2 = u2 + 2as

3.

s = ut +

4.

Momentum = mv

5.

F = ma

6.

Kinetic energy =

1 2

at 2

E= mc2

15.

v = fλ

16.

Power , P =Energy Time

[Kuasa], P =[Tenaga] [masa]

17.

1 mv2 2

1 1 1 = + f u v

18.

λ =

ax D

1 Elastic potential energy = Fx 2

19.

n=

sin i sin r

[Tenaga keupayaan kenyal]

20.

n = Apparent Depth [Dalam ketara]

21.

Q = It

22.

V = IR

[Tenaga kinetik]

7.

14.

Potential energy = mgh [Tenaga keupayaan]

8.

m V

Real Depth

[Dalam Nyata]

9.

ρ=

10.

Pressure [Tekanan], p = hρg

23.

Power [Kuasa], P = IV

11

F Pressure [Tekanan] , p = A

24.

N s Vs = N p Vp

12.

Heat [Haba], Q = mcθ

25.

Efficiency =

13.

PV = constant T

26.

g = 10 m s-2

I sV s × 100% [Kecekapan] I pV p

CONFIDENTIAL 4531/2

3

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Section A Bahagian A

60 marks Answer all the questions in this section. Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

Suggested time for this section is 90 minutes. Masa yang dicadangkan untuk menjawab bahagian ini ialah 90 minit

1. Diagram 1 shows a boy as he jogs from P to R and back to Q. Rajah 1 menunjukkan seorang pelajar sedang berlari dari P ke R dan balik ke Q..

80 m P

20 m Q

R

Diagram 1 Rajah 1

(a) Name one physical quantity relating to the boy’s position as he jogs? Namakan satu kuantiti fizik yang berkaitan dengan kedudukan pelajar semasa dia sedang berlari?

....................................................................................................................................... [1 mark ] (b) What is the type of the physical quantity that you state in (a)? Tick the correct answer in the box provided. Apakah jenis kuantiti fizik yang dinyatakan di dalam (a). Tanda ( √ ) jawapan yang betul dalam petak yang disediakan.

Scalar quantity (kuantiti skalar) Vector quantity ( kuantiti vektor ) [1 mark ] (c) If he took 30 s to complete the motion, calculate his average velocity? Hitungkan halaju purata pelajar itu jika dia mengambil masa 30 s untuk melengkapkan gerakan tersebut.

[ 2 marks ]

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2. Diagram 2 shows a simple hydraulic system . Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu sistem hidraulik ringkas.

Oil minyak

Piston Omboh

20 N

Diagram 2 Rajah 2

The area for the smaller piston is 0.1 m2 and the area for the bigger piston is 0.5 m2. The force acting on the small piston is 20 N. Luas permukaan bagi omboh kecil adalah 0.1 m2 dan luas permukaan bagi omboh yang besar adalah 0.5 m2. Daya yang dikenakan k eatas omboh kecil adalah 20 N.

(a) Name the principle used in the system above. Namakan prinsip yang digunakan di dalam sistem di atas.

…………………………………………………………………………………………............. [ 1 mark ] (b) Calculate the pressure applied to the oil. Hitung tekanan bertindak ke atas minyak.

[ 1 mark ] (c) Calculate the output force exerted on the bigger piston Hitung daya output yang bertindak ke atas piston besar.

[ 2 marks ] (d) What happens to the output force if the diameter of the output cylinder is greater? Apakah yang akan berlaku kepada daya output jika diameter selinder output yang lebih besar digunakan?

…………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 1 mark ]

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3. Diagram 3.1 shows the car moving along a road PQRS. Diagram 3.2 shows how the speed of the car varies with time as the car moves from P to S. Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan sebuah kereta bergerak sepanjang jalan PQRS. Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan bagaimana laju kereta berubah dengan masa apabila kereta bergerak dari P ke S. S

R

P

Q

Diagram 3.1 Rajah 3.1

v/ms-1

10

P

S

Q R

5

0

1

2

3

4

5

Diagram 3.2 Rajah 3.2 (a)

Based on the graph in Diagram 3.2 describe the motion of the car from

Berdasarkan graf dalam Rajah 3.2 terangkan pergerakan kereta dari

(i) P to Q ………………………………………………………………………………………………... [1 mark] (ii) Q to R …

…………………………………………………………………………………………...... [1 mark] (b) Calculate the acceleration of the car from R to S. Hitung pecutan kereta dari R ke S.

[ 2 marks ] (c) Calculate the distance travelled by the car from R to S Hitung jarak yang dilalui oleh kereta dari R ke S

[ 2 marks ]

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4 Diagram 4.1 shows an arrangement of apparatus to investigate the type of emission emits from a sample of radioisotope. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji jenis sinaran yang dipancarkan daripada sampel radioisotop. GM tube

Tuib GM

Radioactive sample

Sampel radioaktif Absorber

Ratemeter

[Penyerap]

Meter pembilang

Diagram 4.1 Rajah 4.1

Various absorbers are placed between the sample and the detector and the corresponding value of ratemeter is obtained in each case as shown in Table 4. Pelbagai penyerap diletakkan antara sampel dan pengesan. Bacaan meter kadar yang sepadan setiap kes ditentukan seperti ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 4.

Absorber

None

Cardboard

Aluminium

Lead

Penyerap

tiada

kadbod

aluminium

plumbum

560

559

25

25

Average reading (counts/min) Purata bacaan (bilangan/min)

Table 4 Jadual 4

(a) What is meant by radioisotope? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan radioisotope?

……………………………………………………………………………………............ [1mark] (b) Base on Table 4, Berdasarkan Jadual 4,

(i)

determine the value of background emission tentukan nilai bacaan sinar latar belakang

….…………………………………………………………………………………………. [1mark] (ii) Name the type of radioactive emission emit from the sample of radioisotope? Namakan jenis sinaran yang dipancarkan oleh sampel radioisotop itu?

……………………………………………………………………………………………. [1mark]

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(c) A radioactive content for 14C is 4000 counts per minute. The half-life of 14C is 6 000 years. On the graph paper on Diagram 4,2 draw a decay graph for 14C in a period of 24 000 years Bahan radioaktif 14C mengandungi 4000 bilangan per unit. Separuh hayat 44C adalah 6 000 tahun. Dalam graf pada Rajah 4.2, lukis graf pereputan bagi 14C dalam tempoh 24 000 tahun. Number of 14C atoms/ Bilangan atom 14C 4000

3000

2000

1000

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Diagram 4.2

25000

Time/years Masa/tahun

Rajah 4.2

[4 marks] 5. Diagram 5.1 shows a boy cycling along the road. Diagram 5.1 shows a ping-pong ball coated with metal paint oscillating in an electric field. Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan seorang budak sedang menunggang basikal sepanjang jalan raya. Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan sebiji bola ping-pong bersalut cat logam berayun di dalam medan elektrik.

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Diagram 5.1

Diagram 5.2

Rajah 5.1

Rajah 5.2

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Based on Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2, Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2,

(a) State the transformation of energy in Nyatakan perubahan tenaga yang belaku dalam

(i)

Diagram 5.1

:

………………………………………………………………………...

Rajah 5.1

[ 1 mark ]

(ii) Diagram 5.2

:

………………………………………………………………………...

Rajah 5.2

[ 1 mark ]

(b) Justify your answer in 5(a) Jelaskan jawapan anda dalam 5(a)

………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 1 mark ] (c) How does energy transform from one form to another? Bagaimanakah tenaga dipindahkan dari satu bentuk ke bentuk lain?

………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 1 mark ] (d) Name the law of physic’s involved in 5(a) and 5(b) Namakan hukum fizik yang terlibat dalam 5(a) dan 5(b).

………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 1 mark ] (e) Diagram 5.3 shows an object of mass 100 kg pushed from rest at A by a force, F of 800N, along an incline plane AB which is at a 30o angle to the horizontal. The vertical height of B from A is 5 m. Rajah 5.3 menunjukkan satu objek berjisim 100 kg ditolak dari keadaan rehat oleh daya, F, 800N di sepanjang landasan condong AB yang membuat sudut 30o dengan ufukan.

B 100 kg F= 800 N

5m 30o

A

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Diagram 5.3 Rajah 5.3

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(i)

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Calculate the distance AB. Hitung jarak AB.

[ 2 marks ] (ii) Calculate the work done by force, F. Hitung kerja yang dilakukan oleh daya, F

[ 1 mark ]

6.

Diagram 6 shows the bubbles containing saturated vapour produced in boiling water. Rajah 6 menunjukkan gelembung yang mengandungi wap air tepu dihasilkan di dalam air mendidih.

Water

P

Air

Bubble

Q

Gelembung

Heat Haba

Diagram 6 Rajah 6

(a) Based on Diagram 6, compare Berdasarkan Rajah 6, bandingkan

(i) the depth the bubbles at P and Q kedalaman gelembung pada P dan Q ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 1 mark ]

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(ii) the pressure of water at P and Q kedalaman gelembung pada P dan Q ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 1 mark ] (iii) the volume of the bubbles at P and Q isipadu gelembung pada P dan Q

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 1 mark ] (b) Base on your answer in 6(a), Berdasarkan jawapan anda dalam 6(a),

(i) relate the depth of the bubbles with the pressure exerted by water hubungkaitkan kedalaman gelembung dengan tekanan yang dikenakan oleh air …………………………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark] (ii) relate the pressure exerted by water with the volume of the bubbles hubungkaitkan tekanan yang dikenakan oleh air dengan isipadu gelembung ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 1 mark ] (iii) State the Physic’s law involved. Nyatakan hukum fizik yang terlibat. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 1 mark ] (c) By using kinetic theory of matter, explain what happens to the bubbles when it moves from Q to P. Dengan menggunakan teori kinetik jirim, terangkan apa yang berlaku kepada gelembung semasa bergerak dari Q ke P. …………….……………………………………..……………………………………………………….. …………….……………………………………..………………………………………………………..

[2 marks]

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7. Diagram 7.1 shows two identical loudspeakers, L and M connected to an audio signal generator which produces a note of constant frequency. Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan dua pembesar suara yang serupa, L dan M disambung kepada satu penjana isyarat audio yang menghasilkan bunyi dengan frekuensi tetap.

L

M

C R C R

P

Observer Pemerhati

C – Compression

R – Rarefaction

Mampatan

Regangan

Diagram 7.1 Rajah 7.1

(a) (i) Name the phenomenon shown in Diagram 7.1. Namakan fenomena ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 7.1.

………………….……………………….……………….………………………………… [ 1 mark ] (ii) The loud sound is heard by the observer at P. Explain what happens at point P. Seorang pemerhati mendengar bunyi kuat didengar di P. Terangkan apa yang berlaku di P.

….……..............…………………………………………….………….………………… [1 mark]

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[2 marks]

(c) The observer then walks slowly along ST. He hears loud sound and weak sound alternately. Diagram 7.2 shows the positions of the loud and weak sounds. Pemerhati kemudiannya berjalan secara perlahan di sepanjang ST. Dia mendengar bunyi kuat dan perlahan berselang-seli. Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan kedudukan di mana bunyi kuat dan bunyi perlahan tersebut.

L -

Loud sound Bunyi kuat

W - Weak sound

C R

Bunyi perlahan

C R S

T L

W

L

W

L

Diagram 7.2 Rajah 7.2 State how to decrease the distance between two points where loud sounds are heard in terms of the distance between two loud speakers and the frequency of the audio signal generator. Explain your answer. Nyatakan bagaimana jarak antara dua titik di mana bunyi kuat kedengaran dapat dikurangkan dari aspek jarak di antara dua pembesar suara dan frekuensi penjana isyarat audio. Terangkan jawapan anda.

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(i) the distance between two loud speakers. jarak di antara dua pembesar suara

…………………………………..…………………………………………………………….. Explanation : ……………….…..………………………………………………………….. [ 2 marks ] (ii) the frequency of the audio signal generator. frekuensi penjana isyarat audio.

………………………..……………………………………………………………………….. Explanation : …......…………….………………………………………………………….. [ 2 marks ]

(d) Diagram 7.3 shows a headphone which is used by an air traffic officer at the airport to reduce incoming loud noise. The incoming noise is detected by the microphone and is processed by a system of a computer and speakers inside the headphones. Rajah 7.3 menunjukkan seorang pengawal trafik udara di lapangan terbang menggunakan fon kepala untuk mengurangkan bunyi kuat. Bunyi bising dikesan olek mikrofon dan diproses oleh suatu sistem yang terdiri daripada komputer dan pembesar suara di dalam fon kepala tersebut.

Diagram 7.3 Diagram 7.3 Rajah 7.3

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(i) State the phenomenon that is used to reduce the noise by the computer and the microphone in the headphone. Nyatakan fenomena yang digunakan untuk mengurangkan bunyi bising oleh komputer dan mikrofon dalam fon kepala.

………………………………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark ] (ii) Draw a diagram to explain your answer in 7(d) (i). Lukis rajah untuk menerangkan jawapan anda dalam 7(d) (i).

[ 1 mark ] 8. Diagram 8.1 shows a logic gate NAND. A and B are the inputs and C is the output. Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan satu get logik TAKDAN. A dan B adalah input manakala C adalah ouput.

.

A C B Diagram 8.1 Rajah 8.1

(a) Complete the truth Table 8.2 of the logic gate NAND. Lengkapkan jadual kebenaran bagi get logik TAKDAN di dalam jadual 8.2

Input

Output

A

B

0

0

0

1

1

0

1

1

C

Table 8.1 Jadual 8.1

[ 2 marks ]

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(b) Diagram 8.2 shows the combination of NAND gates in an electronic circuit. Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan kombinasi beberapa get TAKDAN di dalam satu litar elektronik.

P

R

T

Q

S Diagram 8.2 Rajah 8.2

(i) Based on the combination , complete the truth table as shown in Table 8.2. Berdasarkan kombinasi tersebut, lengkapkan jadual kebenaran di dalam Jadual 8.2.

Input

Output

P

Q

0

0

0

1

1

0

1

1

R

S

T

Table 8.2 Jadual 8.2 [ 3 marks ] (ii) State one logic gate that is equivalent to the combination of logic gates as shown in Diagram 8.2. Nyatakan satu get logik tunggal yang mewakili kombinasi get logik seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 8.2.

[ 1 mark ]

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(iii) Draw the symbol of logic gate as stated in question b (ii). Lukiskan symbol get logic seperti yang dinyatakan di dalam soalan b (ii) di atas.

[ 1 mark ] c. Diagram 8.3 shows the combination of logic gates X and Y. Rajah 8.3 menunjukkan kombinasi get logik X dan Y.

P

R

Q

Y X Diagram 8.3 Rajah 8.3

(i)

Name the logic gate Namakan get logik

X : ………………………. Y : ……………………….. [ 2 marks ] (ii) Based on Diagram 8.3, complete the truth table in 8.3. Berdasarkan rajah 8.3, lengkapkan jadual kebenaran di dalam Jadual 8.3.

P

Q

0

0

0

1

1

0

1

1

R

Table 8.3 Jadual 8.3

[ 2 marks ]

(iii) Write the Boolean equation to explain the relationship between P, Q and R based on the combination of the logic gates shown in diagram 8.3. Tuliskan ungkapan Boole untuk menerangkan hubungan antara P, Q dan R berdasarkan kombinasi get logik seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah 8.3

[ 1 mark ]

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Section B Bahagian B

[ 20 marks ] Answer any one question from this section Jawab mana-mana satu soalan dalam bahagian ini.

The time suggested to answer this section is 30 minutes. Anda dinasihatkan memperuntukkan 30 minit untuk bahagian ini.

9

(a) Diagram 9.1 shows, an object placed in front of a concave mirror. A light ray travels from the object to the mirror through the centre of curvature of the mirror, C and reflects along the same path. Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan satu objek diletakkan di hadapan sebuah cermin cekung. Satu sinar cahaya bergerak dari objek ke cermin melalui pusat lengkungan cermin,C dan dipantulkan mengikut lintasan yang sama.

F

C object

mirror Diagram 9.1 Rajah 9.1

(i) What is meant by the focal length of the mirror? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan panjang fokus cermin? [ 1 mark ] (ii) The light ray propagates toward the centre of curvature of the mirror, C is reflected along the same path. Explain your answer. Cahaya yang merambat ke pusat lengkungan cermin,C akan dipantulkan lintasan yang sama.Jelaskan jawapan anda.

mengikut

[ 4 marks ] (b) Diagram 9.2(a) and Diagram 9.2(b) show an object in front of a convex mirror at different positions. A virtual image is produced. Rajah 9.2 (a) dan Rajah 9.2 (b) menunjukkan sebuah objek di hadapan sebuah cermin cembung pada kedudukan yang berlainan. Satu imej maya dihasilkan.

Object

Object Virtual Image

Diagram 9.2(a) Rajah 9.2(a)

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Virtual Image

Diagram 9.2(b) Rajah9.2(b)

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Based on Diagram 9.2(a) and Diagram 9.2(b), Berdasarkan Rajah 9.2(a) dan Rajah 9.2(b)

(i) compare the size of the object. bandingkan saiz objek [ 1mark ] (ii) compare the position of the object from the mirror. bandingkan kedudukan objek dari cermin

[ 1mark ] (iii) compare the size of the image that is formed bandingkan saiz imej yang dihasilkan

[ 1mark ] (iv) relate the position of the object from the mirror, the size of the image formed and the linear magnification of the imej. hubungkait kedudukan objek dari cermin , saiz imej yang dihasilkan.dan pembesaran linear image.

[ 2 marks ]

c. Using knowledge on reflection of light, explain your choice of an anti-theft mirror that is used to have a clear view of interior of a shop, based on the following aspects: Menggunakan pengetahuan tentang pantulan cahaya, terangkan cadangan untuk memilih cermin cegah kecuriansupaya keseluruhan bahagian dalam kedai dapat dilihat, berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:

(i) the type of the mirror jenis cermin. (ii) the diameter of the mirror diameter cermin (iii) the curvature of the mirror lengkungan cermin (iv) the thickness of the mirror ketebalan cermin (v) the position of the mirror. Kedudukan cermin.

[ 10 marks ]

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10. Diagram 10.1 shows a bicycle dynamo. Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan sebuah dinamo basikal.

Tyre Tayar

Dynamo Dinamo

Coil on soft-iron core Gegelung pada teras besi lembut

Wire to lamp Wayar ke lampu

Diagram 10.1 Rajah 10.1

The dynamo contains a rotating permanent magnet and a fixed coil. As the magnet rotates, an induced current is produced. Dinamo terdiri daripada sebuah magnet kekal yang berputar dan satu gegelung tetap. Apabila magnet berputar, arus aruhan dihasilkan.

(a) What is meant by induced current? Apakah yang dmaksudkan dengan arus aruhan?

[ 1 mark ]

Sensitive centrezero meter

Coil (600 turns)

Meter peka berpusat sifar

Gegelung (600 lilitan

Magnet

Diagram 10.2 Rajah 10.2

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Sensitive centrezero meter Meter peka berpusat sifar

Diagram 9.3 [Rajah 9.3]

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Coil (600 turns) Gegelung (600 lilitan)

Magnet

Diagram 10.3 Rajah 10.3

Diagram 10.1 Rajah 10.1

Sensitive centrezero meter

Coil (900 turns)

Meter peka berpusat sifar

Gegelung (900 lilitan)

Magnet

Diagram 10.4 Rajah 10.4

(b) (i) Based on Diagrams 10.2 and 10.3, compare the relative motions between the magnet to the coil. Berdasarkan Rajah 10.2 dan 10.3, bandingkan gerakan relatif antara magnet dengan gegelung.

[ 1 mark ] (ii) Based on Diagram10.3. and 10.4, compare the number of turns of the coils. Berdasarkan Rajah 10.3 dan10.4, bandingkan bilangan lilitan gegelung.

[ 1 mark ] (iii) Based on Diagram 10.3.and 10.4, relate the number of turns of the coil with the change in magnetic flux and the magnitude of induced current. Berdasarkan Rajah 10.3 dan 10.4, hubungkaitkan bilangan lilitan gegelung dengan magnitud perubahan fluks magnet dan magnitud arus aruhan.

[ 2 marks ]

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(iv) State the law that explains the situation in (b) (iii). Nyatakan hukum yang menerangkan situasi di (b) (iii).

[ 1 mark ] (c) Diagram10.5 shows a d.c. generator. Rajah 10.5 menunjukkan sebuah penjana a.t.

Rotating coil Gegelung berputar

Diagram 10.5 Rajah 10.5

Explain how the generator works to produce a direct current. Sketch a current-time graph to explain your answer. Terangkan bagaimana sebuah penjana berfungsi untuk menghasilkan arus terus. Lukiskan graf arus- masa untuk menerangkan jawapan anda.

[ 4 marks ] (d) Diagram 10.6 shows a model of a step down transformer connected to a 240 V a.c supply. Modification has to be done on the transformer so that it can be used as an efficient 6 V d.c handphone charger. Rajah 10.6 menunjukkan model sebuah transformer injak turun yang disambungkan kepada bekalan a.u 240V. Pengubahsuaian mesti dilakukan kepada transformer ini supaya ia boleh menjadi pengecas telefon bimbit a.t 6 V yang berkesan.

Soft iron core Teras besi lembut

a.c. input 240 V Input 240 V a.u.

`

Diagram 10.6 Rajah 10.6

Suggest the modifications that can be made so that the transformer: Cadangkan pengubahsuaian yang boleh dibuat supaya transformer itu:

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(i)

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can produce 6V voltage output. boleh menghasilkan voltan output 6 V.

(ii) can produce a steady direct current. boleh menghasilkan arus terus yang yang mantap.

(iii) has high efficiency. mempunyai kecekapan yang tinggi.

[ 10 marks ]

Bahagian C [20 markah] Answer any one question from this section Jawab mana-mana satu soalan dalam bahagian ini.

The time suggested to answer this section is 30 minutes. Anda dinasihatkan memperuntukkan 30 minit untuk bahagian ini

11. (a) Archimedes’ principle states that: [Prinsip Archimedes menyatakan bahawa:]

“An object that is totally or partially submerged in fluid experiences a buoyant force equal to the weight of fluid displaced” “Object yang terendam separa atau sepenuhnya mengalami daya apungan yang sama dengan berat bendalir yang tersesar”

(i) What is meant by buoyant force? [Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan daya apungan?]

[1 mark] (ii) Diagram 11.1 shows a block is submerged in a liquid. Rajah 11.1 menunjukkan satu bongkah terendam di dalam cecair.

Liquid surface

h1

Permukaan cecair

h2

P1

Keys: [Petunjuk:]

A

h1 : depth of upper surface kedalaman permukaan atas

P2

h2 : depth of bottom surface kedalaman permukaan bawah

Diagram 11.1 [Rajah 11.1]

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Using the idea of difference in pressure P1 and P2 for different depth, h1 and h2 , show that the buoyant force is equal to the weight of liquid displaced. Dengan menggunakan idea tekanan yang berbeza, P1 dan P2, pada kedalaman yang berbeza, h1 dan h2 tunjukkan daya apungan sama dengan berat cecair yang disesarkan.

[ 4 marks ] (c) Table 11.2 span through pages 23 to 25 show four hot air balloons, P, Q, R and S, with different specifications. Rajah 11.2 pada halaman 23 hingga 25 menunjukkan empat belon udara panas, P, Q, R dan S, dengan spesifikasi yang berbeza

Table 11 .2 Jadual 11.2

Size of the envolope and number of burners used. Saiz karung dan bilangan pemanas yang digunakan.

Material of envelope

Material of basket

Bahan untuk karung

Bahan untuk bakul

Envelope Karung

P Canvas

Iron

Kanvas

Besi

Skirt Burner

Pemanas

Propane tanks Tangki propane

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Basket Bakul

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Size of the envolope and number of burners used. Saiz karung dan bilangan pemanas yang digunakan.

Material of envelope

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Bahan untuk karung

Bahan untuk bakul

Nylon

Rattan

Nilon

Rotan

Envelope Karung

Q

Skirt Burner

Pemanas

Propane tanks Tangki propane

Basket Bakul

Envelope Karung

R

Canvas

Iron

Kanvas

Besi

Skirt Burner

Pemanas

Propane tanks Tangki propane

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Basket Bakul

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25

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Size of the envolope and number of burners used. Saiz karung dan bilangan pemanas yang digunakan.

Material of envelope

Material of basket

Bahan untuk karung

Bahan untuk bakul

Nylon

Rattan

Nilon

Rotan

Envelope Karung

S

Skirt Burner

Pemanas

Propane tanks Tangki propane

Basket Bakul

You are required to determine the most suitable balloon which can be used for safe recreation. Study the specifications of all the four balloons from the following aspects: Anda dikehendaki untuk menentukan belon yang paling sesuai untuk digunakan secara selamat untuk rekreasi. Kaji spesifikasi keempat-empat belon berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:

- the balloon envelope Karung belon

- the size of the balloon saiz belon

- the number of burner used bilangan pemanas yang digunakan

- the type of basket used to carry the passenger. jenis bakul yang digunakan untuk mengangkut penumpang.

Explain the suitability of the aspects. Terangkan kesesuian aspek-aspek itu.

Justify your choice. Beri sebab bagi pilihan anda.

[ 10 marks ]

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26 4531/2 (c) A hot air balloon is adhered to the ground. The balloon contains 1200 m3 of hot air of density 0.8 kg m-3. The mass of the balloon (not including the hot air) is 400 kg . The density of the surrounding air is 1.3 kg m-3. Sebuah belon udara panas diikat ke tanah. Belon tersebut mengandungi 1200 m3 udara panas dengan ketumpatan 0.8 kg m-3. Jisim belon (tidak termasuk udara panas) ialah 400 kg. Ketumpatan udara di sekitarnya ialah 1.3 kg m-3.

Calculate Hitung

(i)

the total weight of the balloon and the hot air. jumlah berat belon dan udara panas.

[ 2 marks ] (ii)

the buoyant force exerted on the balloon. daya apungan yang bertindak ke atas belon itu.

[ 1 mark ] (iii)

the net force exerted on the ballon when it is released? daya paduan yang bertindak ke atas belon apabila ia dilepaskan?

[ 2 marks ]

12. Fuses are used to prevent damage of electrical appliances due to current surges. Fius digunakan untuk mengelakkan kerosakan pada alat elektrik disebabkan oleh arus lampau.

a) Diagram 12.1 shows a typical circuit on a household electrical appliance that has not been earthed. Rajah 12.1 menunjukkan suatu litar alat elektrik rumah yang tidak dibumikan.

Distribution box

Socket Switch

Fuse

insulator

240 V

Live wire

chasis

coil

Nuetral wire Diagram 12.1 Rajah 12.1

i)

What are the properties of a fuse wire. Apakah ciri-ciri wayar fius?

[ 1 mark ]

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ii) How does a fuse wire work to prevent damage to the electrical coil due to overheating? Bagaimana wayar fius berfungsi untuk mengelakkan gegelung elektrik daripada rosak kerana terbakar?

[ 3 marks ] iii) Why is it unwise to connect the fuse to the neutral wire? Mengapakah tidak bijak menyambungkan fius ke wayar neutral?

[ 1 mark ] iv) Some electrical appliances have an outer chasis made of metal. What modification has to be done to prevent electric shock when the coil is damaged and the live wire touches the metal chasis? Beberapa rangka luar alat elektrik diperbuat daripada logam. Apakah pengubahsuaian yang perlu dibuat supaya pengguna tidak mengalami renjatan elektrik jika gegelung rosak dan wayar hidup menyentuh rangka logam.

[ 1 mark ] b) Fuse takes some time to melt or blow. A fast-blowing fuse is required to protect semiconductor equipments which cannot stand high current surge for too long. When a fuse blows, sparking may occur which produces high temperature. The fuse wire is placed in a sheath or catridge as shown in diagram 12.2 to prevent it’s sparks from causing damage. Fius mengambil masa untuk terbakar. Fius mudah lebur diperlukan untuk melindung alat-alat semikonduktor yang tidak boleh menahan arus tinggi dalam tempoh yang lama. Apabila fius terbakar, bunga api tercetus menghasilkan suhu yang tinggi. Wayar fius diletakkan dalam pelindung atau katrij seperti dalam Rajah 12.2 untuk mengelakkan kerosakan disebabkan bunga api.

Diagram 12.2 Rajah 12.2

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Table 12.1 shows the specifications of five fuses that can be used to protect a semiconductor device. Jadual 12.1 menunjukkan spesifikasi lima fius yang boeh digunakan untuk melindung suatu peranti semikonduktor.

Fuse

Thickness of fuse wire

Catridge Type

Rating

Melting Point

Fius

Ketebalan dawai fius

Jenis katrij

Kadar

Takat Lebur

Medium

Rubber

Sederhana

Getah

Thin

Glass

Halus

Kaca

Thin

Ceramic

Halus

Seramik

Thin

Plastic

Halus

Plastik

Thick

Ceramic

Tebal

Seramik

P Q R S T

10 A 10 A 13 A 10 A 13 A

Medium Sederhana

Low Rendah

Low Rendah

High Tinggi

Low Rendah

Table 12.1 Jadual 12.1

Determine the most suitable fuse to protect a 240 V, 2400 W semiconductor device. Study the specifications of all five fuses based on the following aspects. Tentukan fius yang paling sesuai digunakan untuk melindung suatu peranti semikonduktor 240 V, 2400 W. Kaji spesifikasi bagi kesemua lima fius tersebut berdasarkan aspek-aspek yang berikut.

-

The thickness of wire. Ketebalan wayar.

-

The catridge type. Jenis katrij.

-

The rating of the fuse. Perkadaran fius

-

The melting point. Takat lebur

Explain the suitability of the aspects and justify your choice. Jelaskan kesesuaian aspek-aspek itu dan beri sebab bagi pilihan anda.

[ 10 marks ]

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(c) Diagram 12.3 shows two bulbs connected in series. Diagram 12.4 shows the same bulbs connected in parallel. Assuming the battery has no internal resistance, calculate the power output of bulb A and B in both the circuits. Rajah 12.3 menunjukkan dua mentol disambungkan secara bersiri. Rajah 12.4 menunjukkan mentol yang sama disambungkan secara selari. Andaikan batteri tiada rintangan dalam, hitung kuasa output bagi mentol A dan B dalam kedua-dua litar.

6V 6V

A

A

2Ω

B

4Ω

B

2Ω

4Ω

Diagram 12.3

Diagram 12.4

Rajah 12.3

Rajah 12.4

[ 4 marks ]

END OF QUESTION PAPER KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

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