Trial 2009

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4551/1 Biology Paper 1 September 2009

4551/1

1¼ jam

MAKTAB RENDAH SAINS MARA

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2009 4 5 5 1

BIOLOGY Paper 1

1 One hour and fifteen minutes

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU 1.

Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa

2.

Soalan adalah dalam bahasa Inggeris mendahului soalan yang sepadan dalam bahasa Melayu

3.

Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di halaman belakang kertas soalan inI

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 33 halaman bercetak dan 3 halaman tidak bercetak 4541/3

©2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

SULIT 1

2

The diagram shows a typical cell. Rajah menunjukkan suatu sel tipikal.

X

What is X? Apakah X? A

Ribosome Ribosom

B

Golgi apparatus Jasad Golgi

C

Mitochondrion Mitokondria

D

Chloroplast Kloroplas

2

Which of the following are plant organs? Antara berikut, yang manakah merupakan organ tumbuhan? I

Leaf Daun

II

Root Akar

III

Epidermis Epidermis

IV

Xylem Xilem

A

I and II

B

I and III

C

II and IV

D

III and IV

4551/1 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

SULIT

SULIT 3

3

The diagram shows an animal cell. Rajah menunjukkan sel haiwan.

X

Which of the following statements is true about structure X? Antara berikut, yang manakah benar tentang struktur X? A

It allows only water to pass through it Ia membenarkan hanya air melaluinya

B

It does not allow any substances to pass through it Ia tidak membenarkan mana-mana bahan melaluinya

C

It allows only selected substances to pass through it Ia hanya membenarkan bahan-bahan terpilih sahaja melaluinya

D

It allows all substances to pass through it Ia membenarkan semua bahan melaluinya

4

Which of the following solutions has the lowest osmotic pressure? Antara larutan berikut, yang manakah mempunyai tekanan osmosis yang paling rendah? A

Pipe water Air paip

B

Distilled water Air suling

C

0.1% sucrose solution Larutan sukrosa 0.1%

D

0.5% sucrose solution Larutan sukrosa 0.5%

4551/1 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

SULIT

SULIT 5

4

The diagram shows diffusion in potato cells. Rajah menunjukkan resapan dalam sel kentang. Cover Penutup

Potato Kentang Solution X Larutan X

Solution Y Larutan Y Before experiment Sebelum eksperimen

Cover Penutup Potato Kentang Solution X Larutan X

Solution Y Larutan Y

After experiment Selepas eksperimen What is solution X and solution Y ? Apakah larutan X dan larutan Y ?

A B C D

Solution X Larutan X Distilled water Air suling 10% sucrose solution Larutan sukrosa 10% Distilled water Air suling 10% sucrose solution Larutan sukrosa 10%

Solution Y Larutan Y Distilled water Air suling 10% sucrose solution Larutan sukrosa 10% 10% sucrose solution Larutan sukrosa 10% Distilled water Air suling

4551/1 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

SULIT

SULIT 6

5

The diagram shows three types of protein structure. Rajah menunjukkan tiga jenis struktur protein.

X

Y

Z

Which of the following is the correct example ? Antara berikut, yang manakah contoh yang betul ? X Y Z Enzyme Keratin Haemoglobin A Enzim Keratin Hemoglobin Keratin Haemoglobin Enzyme B Keratin Hemoglobin Enzim Enzyme Haemoglobin Keratin C Enzim Hemoglobin Keratin Keratin Enzyme Haemoglobin D Keratin Enzim Hemoglobin 7

The diagram shows the synthesis of an enzyme in a cell. Rajah menunjukkan proses sintesis enzim dalam sel. Nucleus Nukleus

T

Plasma membrane Membran plasma Enzyme Enzim

What will happen if organelle T is not present? Apakah yang berlaku jika tiada organel T? A

Energy cannot be generated Tenaga tidak dapat dihasilkan

B

Enzyme cannot be synthesized Enzim tidak dapat disintesiskan

C

Proteins synthesized cannot be modified Protein yang telah disintesiskan tidak dapat diubahsuai

D

Proteins synthesized cannot be transported Protein yang telah disintesiskan tidak dapat diangkut

4551/1 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

SULIT

SULIT 8

6

The diagram shows part of the contents of a cell nucleus. Rajah menunjukkan sebahagian kandungan dalam nukleus sel. K

What is K? Apakah K? A

Chromosome Kromosom

B

Gene Gen

C

Chromatid Kromatid

D

Double helix DNA DNA heliks ganda dua

9

The diagram shows the different stages of mitosis. Rajah menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat yang berbeza dalam mitosis.

P

Q

R

S

Arrange the diagrams in the correct sequence. Susun rajah tersebut dalam urutan yang betul. A

P
Q
R
S

B

Q
R
P
S

C

S
R
Q
P

D

S
R
P
Q

4551/1 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

SULIT

SULIT 10

7

The diagram shows the homologous chromosomes in organisms P and Q before meiosis. Rajah menunjukkan kromosom homolog dalam organisma P dan Q sebelum meiosis.

Organism P Organisma P

Organism Q Organisma Q

Which of the following shows the product of fertilisation between organism P and Q? Antara berikut yang manakah merupakan hasil persenyawaan antara organisma P dan organisma Q?

A

B

C

D

4551/1 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

SULIT

SULIT 11

8

The diagram shows the molecular structure of three food classes. Rajah menunjukkan struktur molekul tiga kelas makanan.

X

Y

Z

Which food classes do X, Y and Z belong to? Dalam kelas makanan manakah X, Y dan Z berada?

A B C D

12

X

Y

Carbohydrate Karbohidrat Protein Protein Protein Protein Lipid Lipid

Protein Protein Lipid Lipid Carbohydrate Karbohidrat Carbohydrate Karbohidrat

Z Lipid Lipid Carbohydrate Karbohidrat Lipid Lipid Protein Protein

Which of the following food pyramids fulfills the needs of a growing child? Antara piramid makanan berikut, yang manakah memenuhi keperluan seorang kanakkanak yang sedang membesar? A

B Fruits Buah-buahan

Fat Lemak

Carbohydrate Karbohidrat Protein Protein

Protein Protein Carbohydrate Karbohidrat

Fat Lemak

C

Fruits Buah-buahan

D Fruits Buah-buahan Protein Protein

Fat Lemak Fruits Buah-buahan

Fat Lemak

Protein Protein

Carbohydrate Karbohidrat

Carbohydrate Karbohidrat

4551/1 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

SULIT

SULIT 13

9

The diagram represents a chemical equation for digestion. Rajah mewakili persamaan kimia untuk proses pencernaan. + Water Air

P

Sucrase Sukrase

Glucose Glukosa

+

Q

What are P and Q ? Apakah P dan Q ?

A B C D

14

P

Q

Sucrose Sukrosa Sucrose Sukrosa Starch Kanji Starch Kanji

Galactose Galaktosa Fructose Fruktosa Galactose Galaktosa Glucose Glukosa

A patient had his gall bladder removed. Choose the most suitable menu for this patient. Seorang pesakit telah dibuang pundi hempedunya. Pilih menu yang paling sesuai untuk pesakit tersebut. Menu 1

Menu 2

Menu 3

Menu 4

Satay Sate

Nasi lemak Nasi lemak

Roti canai Roti canai

Steamed fish Ikan kukus

Peanut sauce Kuah kacang

Cucumber Timun

Fish curry Kari ikan

Rice Nasi

Papaya Betik

Teh tarik Teh tarik

Ice cream Ais krim

Fruit jelly Agar-agar buah

A

Menu 1

B

Menu 2

C

Menu 3

D

Menu 4

4551/1 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

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SULIT 15

10

The diagram shows a longitudinal section of a villus. Rajah menunjukkan keratan memanjang vilus.

P

Which of the following nutrients are found in P? Antara nutrien berikut, yang manakah dijumpai di dalam P? I

Glucose Glukosa

II

Amino Acid Asid Amino

III

Fat Lemak

IV

Vitamin D Vitamin D

A

I and II I dan II

B

III and IV III dan IV

C

I, II and IV I, II dan IV

D

II, III and IV II, III dan IV

4551/1 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

SULIT

SULIT 16

11

The following information shows the effects of macronutrient deficiency in plants. Maklumat berikut menunjukkan kesan kekurangan makronutrien dalam tumbuhan. • • •

Reduced protein synthesis Sinstesis protein berkurangan. Yellow-edged leaves Hujung daun bewarna kuning Premature death of plants Kematian tumbuhan di peringkat awal

What is the macronutrient ? Apakah makronutrien tersebut ? A

Potassium

C

Potasium B

Nitrogen

Magnesium D

Nitrogen

17

Magnesium Sulphur Sulfur

The following statements refer to stage X during photosynthesis. Pernyataan berikut merujuk kepada peringkat X semasa fotosintesis. •

Hydrogen ions are produced Ion hidrogen dihasilkan

•

ATP is produced ATP dihasilkan

•

Water molecules are broken down Molekul air terurai

What is stage X? Apakah peringkat X? A

Decomposition of hydrocarbons Pereputan hidrokarbon

B

Reduction of carbon dioxide Penurunan karbon dioksida

C

Photolysis of water Fotolisis air

D

Production of glucose Penghasilan glukosa

4551/1 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

SULIT

SULIT 18

12

The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. Graf menunjukkan kesan keamatan cahaya ke atas kadar fotosintesis. J K

Rate of photosynthesis Kadar fotosintesis

Light intensity Keamatan cahaya

Referring to curve J and K, what can you deduce about the rate of photosynthesis? Merujuk kepada lengkung J dan K, apa yang boleh dirumuskan tentang kadar fotosintesis? A It is not influenced by the concentration of carbon dioxide Ia tidak dipengaruhi oleh kepekatan karbon dioksida B

It is limited by the concentration of carbon dioxide Ia dihadkan oleh kepekatan karbon dioksida

C

It is limited by the light intensity Ia dihadkan oleh keamatan cahaya

D

It is not influenced by temperature Ia tidak dipengaruhi oleh suhu

19

The following measurements were made during an experiment to determine the energy value of a peanut. Pengukuran berikut dibuat semasa eksperimen untuk menentukan nilai tenaga kacang tanah. • • • •

Mass of peanut Jisim kacang tanah Mass of water Jisim air Initial water temperature Suhu awal air Final water temperature Suhu akhir air

=

2g

=

10 g

=

28oC

=

55oC

What is the energy value of the peanut ? Apakah nilai tenaga kacang tanah ? A

567 J/g

B

540 J/g

C

22.68 J/g

D

128.6 J/g

4551/1 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

SULIT

SULIT 20

13

Which of the following processes occurs during gaseous exchange between the alveolus and the blood capillary? Proses manakah yang berlaku semasa pertukaran gas antara alveolus dan kapilari darah? A

Active transport Pengangkutan aktif

B

Simple diffusion Resapan ringkas

C

Osmosis Osmosis

D

Facilitated diffusion Resapan berbantu

21

The diagram shows the relationship between photosynthesis and cell respiration. Rajah menunjukkan hubung kait antara fotosintesis dan respirasi sel.

Respiration Respirasi

X

Y Photosynthesis Fotosintesis

What are X and Y? Apakah X dan Y? X A

B

C

D

Y

Glucose , oxygen

Glucose , carbon dioxide

Glukosa , oksigen

Glukosa , karbon dioksida

Glucose , carbon dioxide

Glucose , oxygen

Glukosa , karbon dioksida

Glukosa , oksigen

Glucose , oxygen

Water , carbon dioxide , ATP

Glukosa , oksigen

Air , karbon dioksida , ATP

Starch , energy

Carbon dioxide

Kanji , tenaga

Karbon dioksida

4551/1 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

SULIT

SULIT 22

14

The diagram shows paddy plants in a paddy field. Rajah menunjukkan tumbuhan padi dalam sawah.

What are the products of respiration in the leaves and roots? Apakah hasil respirasi pada daun dan akarnya? Products of respiration in leaves Hasil respirasi di daun A B C D

23

Products of respiration in roots Hasil respirasi di akar

Carbon dioxide and water

Lactic acid and carbon dioxide

Karbon dioksida dan air

Asid laktik dan karbon dioksida

Carbon dioxide and water

Ethanol and carbon dioxide

Karbon dioksida dan air

Etanol dan karbon dioksida

Lactic acid and carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide and water

Asid laktik dan karbon dioksida

Karbon dioksida dan air

Ethanol and carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide and water

Etanol dan karbon dioksida

Karbon dioksida dan air

Which of the following organisms is a parasite? Antara berikut, yang manakah parasit ? A

B

C

D

4551/1 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

SULIT

SULIT 24

15

Which of the following are adaptations by the Sonneratia sp. to be able to grow in the mangrove swamp? Antara berikut, yang manakah penyesuaian Sonneratia sp. untuk membolehkannya tumbuh di paya bakau? I

Thick and succulent leaves Daun yang tebal dan sukulen

II

Vivipary Vivipariti

III

Buttress roots Akar banir

IV

High osmotic pressure in the cell sap Tekanan osmosis dalam sap sel tinggi

A

I and II I dan II

B

I and III I dan III

C

I, II and III I, II dan III

D

I, II and IV I, II dan IV

25

A student wants to estimate the size of the population of rats in a paddy field. He installs traps evenly in the paddy field and successfully captures 40 rats. The rats are marked with a dot of cellulose paint and then released. Three days later, he installs the traps again. This time, a total of 20 rats are captured. 10 of them have cellulose markings. What is the estimated population size of rats in the paddy field? Seorang pelajar ingin menganggarkan saiz populasi tikus di sawah padi. Beliau memasang perangkap di serata sawah padi dan berjaya menangkap 40 ekor tikus. Tikus-tikus tersebut ditanda dengan menggunakan cat selulosa dan dilepaskan semula. Tiga hari kemudian beliau memasang semula perangkap dan berjaya menangkap 20 ekor tikus. 10 daripadanya bertanda. Apakah anggaran saiz populasi tikus di sawah padi tersebut? A

80

B

60

C

40

D

20

4551/1 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

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SULIT 26

16

The chart shows the pathway of nitrogen cycle in leguminous plants. Carta menunjukkan kitaran nitrogen bagi tumbuhan legum. Nitrogen in atmosphere Nitrogen di atmosfera

J

L K

Inorganic nitrogen in soil Nitrogen bukan organik dalam tanah

Organic nitrogen in leguminous plants Nitrogen organik pada tumbuhan legum

Organic nitrogen in animals Nitrogen organik dalam haiwan What are processes J, K and L? Apakah proses J, K dan L? J A B C D

K

L

Nitrification

Nitrogen fixation

Denitrification

Nitrifikasi

Pengikatan nitrogen

Denitrifikasi

Nitrogen fixation

Denitrification

Nitrification

Pengikatan nitrogen

Denitrifikasi

Nitrifikasi

Denitrification

Nitrification

Nitrogen fixation

Denitrifikasi

Nitrifikasi

Pengikatan nitrogen

Denitrification

Nitrogen fixation

Nitrification

Denitrifikasi

Pengikatan nitrogen

Nitrifikasi

4551/1 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

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SULIT 27

17

In an experiment to determine the Biochemical Oxygen Demand, a sample of lake water was found to have a high BOD value. What does the above situation tell? Di dalam eksperimen untuk menentukan Keperluan Oksigen Biokimia, sampel dari air tasik di dapati mempunyai nilai BOD yang tinggi. Apakah yang diterangkan oleh situasi di atas? I

The water is polluted Air tersebut tercemar

II

The number of aquatic organism is low Bilangan organisma akuatik rendah

III

The water has a high oxygen content Air tersebut mempunyai kandungan oksigen yang tinggi

IV

Microorganisms are abundant Terdapat mikroorganisma

A

I and II I dan II

B

I and III I dan III

C

I and IV I dan IV

D

II and IV II dan IV

4551/1 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

SULIT

SULIT 28

18

Which of the following are the effects of ozone depletion? Antara berikut yang manakah adalah kesan penipisan ozon? I

Melanoma Melanoma

II

Snow storms Ribut salji

III

Phytoplankton is killed Fitoplankton mati

IV

The rate of photosynthesis increases Kadar fotosintesis meningkat

A

I and II I dan II

B

I and III I dan III

C

II and IV II dan IV

D

III and IV III dan IV

4551/1 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

SULIT

SULIT 29

19

The diagram shows organism X and organism Y. Rajah menunjukkan organisma X dan organisma Y.

Organism X Organisma X

Organism Y Organisma Y

How do both organisms adapt themselves to transport substances efficiently into and out of their bodies? Bagaimanakah kedua-dua organisma dapat mengadaptasi diri untuk pengangkutan bahan masuk dan keluar dari badan dengan berkesan? I

Y expels waste products by simple diffusion Y menyingkirkan bahan buangan melalui resapan ringkas

II

Y has a specialized medium to transport substances Y mempunyai medium yang khusus untuk pengangkutan bahan

III

X has projections and folds in its organs X mempunyai unjuran dan lipatan pada organnya

IV

X has many specialized structures to expel waste products X mempunyai struktur khusus untuk menyingkirkan bahan buangan

A

I and II I dan II

B

II and III II dan III

C

I, II and III I, II dan III

D

I, III and IV I, III dan IV

4551/1 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

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SULIT 30

20

The diagram shows a longitudinal section of the human heart. Rajah menunjukkan suatu keratan membujur jantung manusia.

A

C

B

D

Which of the labelled parts A, B, C and D pumps blood to all parts of the body? Antara bahagian berlabel A, B, C dan D yang manakah mengepam darah ke seluruh badan? 31

The schematic diagram shows an incomplete mechanism of blood clotting. Rajah menunjukkan mekanisma pembekuan darah yang tidak lengkap. Thrombin Trombin

P

Fibrin Fibrin

Q

What are P and Q? Apakah P dan Q? P A B C D

Fibrinogen Fibrinogen Prothrombin Protrombin Fibrinogen Fibrinogen Thromboplastin Tromboplastin

Q Prothrombin Protrombin Fibrinogen Fibrinogen Thromboplastin Tromboplastin Fibrinogen Fibrinogen

4551/1 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

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SULIT 32

21

The diagram shows a stomata. Rajah menunjukkan stoma. Guard cell Sel pengawal Stoma Stoma Which of the following factors will cause the stomata to open wider? Antara faktor berikut, yang manakah akan menyebabkan stoma terbuka dengan lebih luas? I The starch content increases Kandungan kanji bertambah II

Water diffuses into the guard cells Air meresap masuk ke dalam sel pengawal

III

The osmotic pressure of the guard cells increases Tekanan osmosis sel pengawal meningkat

IV

There is no light Tiada cahaya

33

A

II and III

B

II and IV

C

III and IV

D

I, II, III and IV

The diagram shows the bones of a human. Rajah menunjukkan tulang-tulang pada manusia.

P

Q

R

S

Which of the following forms a ball and socket joint? Antara yang berikut, yang manakah membentuk sendi lesung dan soket? A

P and R

B

Q and R

C

P and S

D

Q and S

4551/1 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

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SULIT 34

22

The diagram shows a fish swimming. Rajah menunjukkan seekor ikan sedang berenang. Left Kiri

Right Kanan X Which of the following shows the muscles of the fish at the line labelled X? Antara berikut, manakah menunjukkan otot-otot ikan pada garis berlabel X? A

B

Left Kiri

Right Kanan

Left Kiri

Right Kanan

Left Kiri

Right Kanan

D

C

Left Kiri

Right Kanan

4551/1 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

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SULIT 35

23

The diagram shows a motor neuron. Rajah menunjukkan neuron motor. X

What is the function of the structure labelled X? Apakah fungsi struktur yang berlabel X? A

To assist in the metabolism of the cell body Untuk membantu metabolisma badan sel

B

To supply nutrients to the cell body Untuk membekalkan nutrien ke badan sel

C

To facilitate rapid transmission of impulses Untuk membantu pemindahan impuls dengan lebih cepat

D

To direct impulses towards one direction Untuk mengarahkan pergerakan impuls satu hala

36

Which of the following parameters cannot be detected by the receptors in the body? Antara yang berikut, parameter yang manakah yang tidak dapat dikesan oleh reseptor di dalam badan? A

Blood pressure Tekanan darah

B

Body temperature Suhu badan

C

Partial pressures of carbon dioxide and oxygen Tekanan separa karbon dioksida dan oksigen

D

Blood amino acid level Paras asid amino darah

4551/1 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

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SULIT 37

24

Which of the following transmits impulses from the afferent neuron to the efferent neuron? Antara berikut, yang manakah menghantar impuls daripada neuron aferen ke neuron eferen ? A

Synapse Sinaps

B

Dendrite Dendrit

C

Axon Akson

D

Interneuron Interneuron

38

Which is not a reason for why plants need support? Antara berikut yang manakah bukan merupakan sebab tumbuhan memerlukan sokongan? A

To show off their flowers for pollination Menonjolkan bunga untuk pendebungaan

B

The leaves must be properly positioned for photosynthesis Daun mesti berada pada kedudukan sesuai untuk fotosintesis

C

The fruits must be in a strategic position for effective seed dispersal Buah mesti berada pada kedudukan strategik untuk membolehkan penyebaran biji benih yang berkesan

D

Climbers have tendrils to help them climb up Tumbuhan memanjat mempunyai sulur paut untuk membantu mereka memanjat

39

The formation of urine involves the following processes except Pembentukan air kencing melibatkan proses berikut kecuali A

ultrafiltration ultraturasan

B

reabsorbtion penyerapan semula

C

secretion rembesan

D

excretion perkumuhan

4551/1 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

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SULIT 40

25

Which of the following is not a function of auxins? Antara berikut, yang manakah bukan fungsi auksin? A

Promoting growth of plants and fruits Merangsang pertumbuhan dalam tumbuhan dan buah

B

Producing bushy plants Menghasilkan banyak daun pada tumbuhan

C

Promoting the ripening of fruits Merangsang pemasakan buah

D

Parthenocarpy Partenokarpi

41

The diagram shows part of spermatogenesis. Rajah menunjukkan sebahagian daripada proses spermatogenesis.

X

2n

2n

Germinal epithelial cells Sel germa epitelium 2n

P Growth Pertumbuhan

2n n

n

Y n

n

Which of the following is true about process X, cell P and process Y? Antara yang berikut, yang manakah benar tentang proses X, sel P dan proses Y?

A B C D

Process X Proses X Mitosis Mitosis Mitosis Mitosis Meiosis I Meiosis I Meiosis II Meiosis II

Cell P Sel P Spermatogonium Spermatogonium Spermatogonium Spermatogonium Primary spermatocyte Spermatosit primer Secondary spermatocyte Spermatosit sekunder

4551/1 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

Process Y Proses Y Meiosis II Meiosis II Meiosis I Meiosis I Meiosis II Meiosis II Meiosis II Meiosis II SULIT

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26

The diagram shows the stages in the development of a follicle in an ovary. Rajah menunjukkan peringkat perkembangan folikel di dalam ovari.

W `

What is the hormone secreted by W? Apakah hormon yang dirembeskan oleh W? A

Oestrogen Estrogen

B

Progesterone Progesteron

C

Luteinising hormone Hormon peluteinan

D

Follicle stimulating hormone Hormon perangsang folikel

4551/1 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

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SULIT 43

27

The diagram shows the secretion of two types of hormones during the menstrual cycle in a female. Rajah menunjukkan rembesan dua jenis hormon semasa kitar haid seorang perempuan.

Hormone level Aras hormon Hormone J Hormon J

0

Hormone K Hormon K 7

14

21

28

Time (day) Masa (hari)

Which of the following statements are correct ? Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah benar ? I

A drop in the level of hormone J induces a drop in the level of hormone K Penurunan aras hormon J merangsang penurunan aras hormon K

II

A rise in the level of hormone K stimulates ovulation Peningkatan aras hormon K merangsang pengovulan

III

A drop in the level of hormone K stimulates menstruation Penurunan aras hormon K merangsang haid

IV

A rise in the level of hormone J repairs the endometrium lining Peningkatan aras hormon J merangsang pembaikan lapisan endometrium

A

I and II I dan II

B

I and IV I dan IV

C

II and III II dan III

D

III and IV III dan IV

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The diagram shows the longitudinal section of a shoot tip. Rajah menunjukkan keratan memanjang hujung pucuk.

Zone I Zone II Zone III

Zone IV

Which zone undergoes elongation? Zon manakah yang menjalani pemanjangan? A

Zone IV Zon IV

B

Zone III Zon III

C

Zone II Zon II

D

Zone I Zon I

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The graph shows a sigmoid growth curve. Graf menunjukkan lengkung pertumbuhan sigmoid.

Weight (kg) Berat (kg)

P

Q

R

S

Time (week) Masa (minggu)

Which statements about the growth are true? Pernyataan yang manakah benar tentang pertumbuhan tersebut? I

The growth rate is fastest at Q Kadar pertumbuhan adalah paling cepat di Q

II

The growth rate is slowest at R Kadar pertumbuhan adalah paling perlahan di R

III

The growth rate decreases at S Kadar pertumbuhan menurun di S

IV

The growth rate is constant at P Kadar pertumbuhan adalah malar di P

A

I and III I dan III

B

I and IV I dan IV

C

I, II and III I, II dan III

D

I, III and IV I, III dan IV

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Which of the following are characteristics of plants that undergo secondary growth? Antara berikut, yang manakah ciri-ciri tumbuhan yang mengalami pertumbuhan sekunder? I

The stem is big and thick Batang pokok besar dan tebal

II

The stem is woody Batang pokok berkayu

III

The growth rings are not clear Gelang pertumbuhan tidak jelas

IV

Cork is present in the stem Gabus terdapat dalam batang pokok

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A

I and II

B

III and IV

C

I, II and IV

D

I, II, III and IV

The diagram shows genes carried on a pair of homologous chromosomes. Rajah menunjukkan gen pada sepasang kromosom homolog. P

p

Q

q

R

r

S

R

What does Q and q represent? Apakah yang diwakili oleh Q dan q? A

Homozygous alleles Alel homozigot

B

Heterozygous alleles Alel heterozigot

C

Linked genes Gen terangkai

D

Recessive alleles Alel resesif

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31

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the early development of a zygote? Antara berikut yang manakah menunjukkan turutan yang betul bagi perkembangan awal zigot? A

Blastocyst → foetus → morula Blastosista → fetus → morula

B

Morula → foetus → blastocyst Morula → fetus → blastosista

C

Foetus → morula → blastocyst Fetus → morula → blastosista

D

Morula → blastocyst → foetus Morula → blastosista → fetus

Which of the following statements about continuous variation is not true? Antara berikut, kenyataan manakah yang tidak benar tentang variasi selanjar? A

It has intermediate characters Mempunyai ciri-ciri perantaraan

B

The characters can be measured Ciri-ciri boleh diukur

C

It is not affected by the environment Tidak dipengaruhi oleh persekitaran

D

It is controlled by a large number of genes Dikawal oleh banyak gen

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A person with Down’s Syndrome is born with 47 chromosomes in each of his/her cells, instead of 46 chromosomes. Seorang individu yang menghidap Sindrom Down dilahirkan dengan 47 kromosom dalam setiap selnya, bukan 46 kromosom. Which of the following can cause this? Antara berikut, yang manakah boleh menyebabkan keadaan ini? A

Chromosomal mutation happened during the production of the egg cell or sperm Mutasi kromosom berlaku semasa penghasilan sel telur atau sperma

B

More than one sperm fused with one egg during fertilisation Lebih daripada satu sperma telah mensenyawakan satu telur semasa persenyawaan

C

Radiation caused a change in the structure of the sperm Radiasi telah menyebabkan perubahan struktur sperma

D

The mother was exposed to harmful chemicals during pregnancy Ibu telah terdedah kepada bahan kimia berbahaya semasa mengandung

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NO. KAD PENGENALAN NO. MAKTAB

4551/2

Biologi Kertas 2 September 2009 2 ½ Jam

MAKTAB RENDAH SAINS MARA

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2009

BIOLOGY Paper 2 Tow hours and thirty minutes 4 5 5 1 2

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

1. Tulis nombor kad pengenalan dan nombor maktab anda pada ruangan yang disediakan. 2. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa. 3. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris mendahului soalan yang sepadan dalam bahasa Melayu. 4. Calon dibenarkan menjawab keseluruhan atau sebahagian soalan sama ada dalam bahasa Inggeris atau bahasa Melayu. 5. Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di halaman belakang kertas soalan ini.

Untuk Kegunaan Pemeriksa Kod Pemeriksa : Bahagian Soalan Markah Markah Penuh Diperoleh 12 1 12 2 A 12 3 12 4 12 5 20 6 20 7 B 20 8 20 9 Jumlah

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 31 halaman bercetak dan 1 halaman tidak bercetak

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Section A Bahagian A [60 marks] [60 markah] Answer all questions in this section Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini 1. Diagram 1.1 shows the arrangement of bones of one appendicular skeleton. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan susunan tulang-tulang pada suatu rangka apendaj.

S

Move upwards Bergerak ke atas

Triceps muscle Otot triseps

T Diagram 1.1 Rajah 1.1 (a)

On Diagram 1.1, complete and label the drawing to show the muscle and tendon that enable the forearm to move in the direction shown. Pada Rajah 1.1, lengkapkan lukisan untuk menunjukkan otot dan tendon yang membolehkan anggota hadapan bergerak ke arah yang ditunjukkan. [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

(b)

Name the structure: Namakan struktur: S: ........................................................................................................................... T: ........................................................................................................................... [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

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Explain why muscle contraction needs more blood supply. Terangkan mengapa pengecutan otot memerlukan lebih banyak bekalan darah. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

(d)

Diagram 1.2 shows locomotion in a grasshopper. Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan pergerakan seekor belalang.

Extensor Ekstensor Flexor Fleksor

Diagram 1.2 / Rajah 1.2 (i)

Based on Diagram 1.2, explain the action of the leg muscle during jumping. Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2, terangkan tindakan otot kaki semasa melompat. ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... [ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ]

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Situation Situasi The hind leg muscle of a grasshopper is injured. Otot kaki belakang seekor belalang telah tercedera.

(ii)

Based on Diagram 1.2 and the information above, explain how this affects the jumping movement. Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2 dan maklumat yang diberikan, terangkan bagaimana ia mempengaruhi lompatan belalang tersebut. ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... [ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ]

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2. Diagram 2.1 shows the structure of the plasma membrane that is involved in the movement of substances. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan struktur membran plasma yang terlibat dalam pergerakan bahan-bahan. Calcium ion Ion kalsium Glucose Glukosa

Outside the cell Di luar sel

M

L

Inside the cell Di dalam sel

ATP

Diagram 2.1 Rajah 2.1 (a)

Based on Diagram 2.1, label structure : Berdasarkan Rajah 2.1, label struktur : L : ........................................................ M : ....................................................... [2 marks] [2 markah]

(b)

State one property of: Nyatakan satu sifat pada: (i)

The plasma membrane in Diagram 2.1. Membran plasma dalam Rajah 2.1. ................................................................................................................... [1 mark] [1 markah]

(ii)

The molecules that can pass through structure L by simple diffusion based on Diagram 2.1. Molekul yang boleh merentasi struktur L secara resapan ringkas berdasarkan Rajah 2.1. ................................................................................................................... [1 mark] [1 markah]

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Based on Diagram 2.1, explain how glucose and calcium ions are transported across the plasma membrane into the cell. Berdasarkan Rajah 2.1, terangkan bagaimana glukosa dan ion kalsium diangkut merentasi membran plasma ke dalam sel. (i)

Glucose Glukosa ................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................

(ii)

................................................................................................................... [2 marks] [2 markah] Calcium ions Ion kalsium ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... [2 marks] [2 markah]

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Refering to the movement of substances across the plasma membrane: Merujuk kepada pergerakan bahan-bahan merentasi membran plasma:

Tap water Air paip

After being immersed for 2 hours Selepas direndam selama 2 jam

Chilly is cut halfway longitudinally Bahagian cili yang dipotong memanjang

Final observation Pemerhatian akhir

Initial observation Pemerhatian awal Diagram 2.2 / Rajah 2.2

(i)

Explain the observation based on Diagram 2.2. Terangkan pemerhatian berdasarkan Rajah 2.2. ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... [2 marks] [2 markah]

(ii)

Based on Diagram 2.3, explain why salted fish can be stored for 3 months. Berdasarkan Rajah 2.3, terangkan mengapa ikan masin boleh disimpan selama 3 bulan.

Concentrated salt solution Larutan garam pekat

After being immersed for 2 weeks Selepas direndam selama 2 minggu

Salted fish Ikan masin

Diagram 2.3 / Rajah 2.3 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... [2 marks] [2 markah] 4551/2 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

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Diagram 3.1 shows the amount of energy released during two types of respiration P and R. Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan jumlah tenaga yang dibebaskan semasa dua jenis respirasi, P dan R. Amount of energy released (kJ) Jumlah tenaga yang dibebaskan (kJ)

2898

150

P

R

Types of respiration Jenis respirasi

Diagram 3.1 Rajah 3.1 (a)

State the type of respiration in: Nyatakan jenis respirasi dalam: P :……………………………………………………………………………………… R :……………………………………………………………………………………... [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

(b)

Based on Diagram 3.1, explain why the amount of energy released during R is very much greater than during P. Berdasarkan Diagram 3.1, terangkan mengapa jumlah tenaga yang dibebaskan semasa R lebih tinggi daripada semasa P. ……………………………………….…………………………….………………….. ……………………………………….………………………………….…………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………... [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

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(c) Diagram 3.2 shows the respiratory structure of organism X and Y. Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan struktur respirasi organisma X dan Y.

Organism Y Organisma Y

Organism X Organisma X Diagram 3.2 Rajah 3.2 (i)

State one adaptation of the respiratory structure of organism X and Y. Nyatakan satu adaptasi yang terdapat pada struktur respirasi organisma X dan Y. X : ………………………………………………………………………

Y : ……………………………………………………………………… [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ] (ii)

Based on Diagram 3.2, explain the adaptation of the respiratory structure for organisms X and Y. Berdasarkan Rajah 3.2, terangkan adaptasi pada struktur respirasi bagi organisma X dan Y. X : ........................................................................................................... ……………………………………………………………………… Y : …………………………………………………………………….… .……………………………………………………………………… [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

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Diagram 3.3 shows an alveolus and blood capillaries. Rajah 3.3 menunjukkan alveolus dan kapilari darah Carbon monoxide Karbon monoksida

Alveolus Alveolus

Blood capillary Kapilari darah

Diagram 3.3 Rajah 3.3 Explain what happens if carbon monoxide gas diffuses into the blood capillaries. Terangkan apakah yang akan berlaku jika gas karbon monoksida meresap ke dalam kapilari darah. …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

(e)

Yeast is mixed with flour and sugar in bread making. After 30 minutes at room temperature, the dough rises. Semasa pembuatan roti, yis diadun dengan tepung dan gula. Doh itu mengembang selepas dibiarkan selama 30 minit pada suhu bilik. Explain the function of yeast in bread making. Terangkan fungsi yis dalam proses pembuatan roti. ………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………. [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

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4. Diagram 4.1 shows a part of the circulatory system and the lymphatic system in the human. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan sistem peredaran darah dan sistem limfa dalam manusia.

Blood capillary Kapilari darah

Fluid Y Bendalir Y

Vessel Z Salur Z X Diagram 4.1 Rajah 4.1 (a)

(i)

Name the structure labelled X. Namakan struktur berlabel X.

................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark ] [ 1 markah ] (ii) State the function of X. Nyatakan fungsi X. ................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark ] [ 1 markah ]

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Explain how fluid Y is formed. Terangkan bagaimana bendalir Y terbentuk. ............................................................................................................................... …........................................................................................................................... …………………………………………………………………………………... [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

(c)

If structure X is infected by the parasitic worm, Filaria sp., explain the effect to the tissues that are surrounded by the blood capillaries. Jika struktur X telah dijangkiti oleh cacing parasit Filaria sp., terangkan apakah kesannya ke atas tisu yang dikelilingi oleh kapilari darah. ............................................................................................................................... …........................................................................................................................... …………………………………………………………………………………... [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

(d)

(i)

Name the blood vessel that receives fluid from vessel Z. Namakan salur darah yang menerima bendalir dari salur Z. ......................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark ] [ 1 markah ]

(ii)

Explain how the fluid in vessel Z is able to reach the blood vessels in (d)(i). Terangkan bagaimana bendalir di dalam salur Z boleh sampai ke salur darah di (d)(i). ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... [ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ]

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13 A boy had a cut on his leg and was infected by bacteria. Explain why the lymph nodes in his groin region became swollen. Seorang budak lelaki telah luka pada bahagian kaki dan mendapat jangkitan bakteria. Terangkan mengapa nodus limfa di pangkal peha beliau menjadi bengkak.

............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

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5. Diagram 5.1 shows two varieties of papaya, Malaysian papaya and Hawaiian papaya. In both varieties, the dominant trait is homozygous. The cross breed between both varieties produces a new variety, the Exotica. Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan dua varieti betik, betik Malaysia dan betik Hawaii. Dalam kedua-dua varieti, trait dominan ialah homozigot. Kacukan silang antara kedua-dua varieti menghasilkan varieti baru betik.

Mesocarp Mesokarp Seeds Biji

Mesocarp Mesokarp Seeds Biji

X Malaysian papaya Betik Malaysia

Hawaiian papaya Betik Hawaii Key: Kekunci:

Exotica papaya Betik Exotica

R – Dominant allele for thick mesocarp Alel dominan untuk mesokarp tebal T – Dominant allele for less seeds Alel dominan untuk bilangan biji yang sedikit

Diagram 5.1 / Rajah 5.1 (a)

State one characteristic of papaya shown in Diagram 5.1. Nyatakan satu ciri buah betik yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5.1. ………………………………..……………………..………………………… [ 1 mark ] [ 1 markah ]

(b)

Based on Diagram 5.1, explain how the new variety, Exotica is produced. Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1, terangkan bagaimana varieti baru, Exotica dihasilkan. ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… [ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ]

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A papaya farmer wants to produce a large number of Exotica papaya in the shortest time possible. State the best technique to be used by the farmer. What is the genetic advantage of using this technique? Seorang peladang betik ingin menghasilkan betik Exotica dalam kuantiti yang banyak dalam masa yang singkat. Nyatakan teknik yang terbaik yang boleh digunakan oleh peladang tersebut. Apakah kelebihan menggunakan teknik ini dari segi genetik? ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

(d)

Diagram 5.2 shows two homologous chromosomes M and N in Exotica papaya. Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan dua kromosom homolog M dan N dalam betik Exotica.

R

r

T

Chromosome M Kromosom M

t

Chromosome N Kromosom N Diagram 5.2 Rajah 5.2

(i)

Draw the gametes of the parent in Malaysian papaya and Hawaiian papaya to produce the Exotica papaya. Lukiskan gamet induk daripada betik Malaysia dan betik Hawaii yang akan menghasilkan betik Exotica.

Malaysian papaya Betik Malaysia

Hawaiian papaya Betik Hawaii [ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ]

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Draw a schematic diagram to show how thick mesocarp and less seeds is produced in Exotica papaya. Lukiskan rajah skema untuk menunjukkan bagaimana mesokarp yang tebal dan kurang biji dihasilkan dalam betik Exotica.

[ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ]

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Section B Bahagian B [20 marks 20 markah] Answer any two questions. Jawab mana-mana dua soalan.

6. Diagram 6.1 shows the longitudinal section of a root and Diagram 6.2 shows one stage from the process of cell division in the root. Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan keratan memanjang akar dan Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan satu peringkat daripada proses pembahagian sel yang berlaku di akar.

Zone R Zon R

Zone Q Zon Q

Zone P Zon P Root cap Jidal akar Diagram 6.1 Rajah 6.1 (a)

Diagram 6.2 Rajah 6.2

Describe the stage of cell division in Diagram 6.2. Huraikan peringkat pembahagian sel di dalam Rajah 6.2. [4 marks] [4 markah]

(b)

Based on Diagram 6.1, explain the growth process of the root in Zone P, Q and R. Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1, terangkan proses pertumbuhan akar di Zon P, Q dan R. [6 marks] [6 markah]

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(c)

Diagram 6.3 shows the stages in Mitosis and Diagram 6.4 shows the stages in Meiosis I, both in plants. Rajah 6.3 menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat Mitosis dan Rajah 6.4 menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat Meiosis I, kedua-duanya dalam tumbuhan.

Diagram 6.3 Rajah 6.3

Diagram 6.4 Rajah 6.4 Describe four similarities and six differences between Diagram 6.3 and Diagram 6.4. Huraikan empat persamaan dan enam perbezaan antara Rajah 6.3 dan Rajah 6.4. [10 marks] [10 markah] 4551/2 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

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SULIT 7.

(a)

Diagram 7.1 shows a cross section of an ovary. Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan keratan rentas ovari.

Primary follicle Folikel primer

Diagram 6.3 Rajah 6.3

Structure X Struktur X

Diagram 7.1 Rajah 7.1 Explain the formation of structure X. Terangkan pembentukan struktur X. [4 marks] [4 markah]

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Diagram 7.2 shows a longitudinal section of the reproductive parts of a flower during fertilisation and the fruit produced after two weeks. Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan keratan memanjang bahagian pembiakan bunga semasa persenyawaan dan buah yang terbentuk selepas dua minggu.

Pollen grain Debunga

Seed Biji benih

Ovary Ovari

After two weeks Selepas dua minggu

Diagram 7.2 Rajah 7.2

Based on Diagram 7.2 describe the formation of multiple seeds in an ovary. Berdasarkan Rajah 7.2 huraikan pembentukan biji benih yang banyak dalam suatu ovari. [6 marks] [6 markah]

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Diagram 7.3 shows the process involved in the development of the embryo sac. Rajah 7.3 menunjukkan proses yang terlibat dalam pembentukan pundi embrio.

Diploid megaspore Megaspora diploid

Mitosis Mitosis

Embryo sac Pundi embrio

Diagram 7.3 Rajah 7.3 Based on Diagram 7.3, describe the process shown. Berdasarkan Rajah 7.3, huraikan proses yang ditunjukkan. [10 marks] [10 markah]

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(a)

Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2 show children taking in unbalanced daily meals. Rajah 8.1 and Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan kanak-kanak sedang mengambil makanan yang tidak seimbang.

Ice cream Ais krim

Diagram 8.1 Rajah 8.1

Fried chicken Ayam goreng

Diagram 8.2 Rajah 8.2

Discuss the effects of the excessive intake of the foods shown over a long period of time. Bincangkan kesan pengambilan makanan seperti yang ditunjukkan untuk jangkamasa yang lama. [10 marks] [10 markah]

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Table 8.1 shows the suitable nutrient intake for a normal female, a pregnant woman and a female athlete. Jadual 8.1 menunjukkan nutrisi yang sesuai untuk seorang wanita biasa, wanita mengandung dan ahli sukan wanita. Nutrient Nutrien

Normal female Wanita biasa

Pregnant woman Wanita mengandung

Female athlete Ahli sukan wanita

2200

3000

3500

50

90

74

5

12.5

8.3

10

15

10

60

60

100

2

2.1

5

800

1000

1200

15

15

25

Carbohydrates (cal) Karbohidrat (cal) Protein (g) Protein (g) Vitamin D (mg) Vitamin D (mg) Vitamin E (mg) Vitamin E (mg) Vitamin C (mg) Vitamin C (mg) Vitamin B (mg) Vitamin B (mg) Calcium (mg) Kalsium (mg) Zinc (mg) Zink (mg)

Table 8 Jadual 8 Based on your biological knowledge and Table 8, explain the importance of the main nutrien Berdasarkan pengetahuan biologi dan Jadual 8, terangkan kepentingan nutrient utama untuk: (i) (ii)

Pregnant woman Wanita mengandung Athlete Ahli sukan [10 marks] [10 markah]

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9. Diagram 9 shows various human activities. Rajah 9 menunjukkan pelbagai aktiviti manusia. Glass building Bangunan berkaca

Factory Kilang Bangunan

Logging activities Aktiviti pembalakan

Vehicle Kenderaan

Diagram 9 Rajah 9

(a)

Glass buildings may be the cause of a certain type of pollution. Based on Diagram 9, describe how other human activities contribute to the same type of pollution. Bangunan berkaca boleh menyebabkan satu jenis pencemaran. Berdasarkan Rajah 9, huraikan bagaimana aktiviti-aktiviti manusia boleh menyumbang kepada jenis pencemaran yang sama. [10 marks] [10 markah]

(b) Explain the effects of global warming to the environment. If you are an officer in the Ministry Of Environment, suggest ways to reduce this problem. Terangkan kesan pemanasan global kepada alam sekitar. Jika anda adalah seorang pegawai di dalam Kementerian Alam Sekitar, cadangkan kaedah untuk mengurangkan masalah ini. [10 marks] [10 markah]

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4551/3 NO. KAD PENGENALAN NO. MAKTAB

4551/3

Biologi Kertas 3 September 2009 1 ½ Jam

MAKTAB RENDAH SAINS MARA

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2009

BIOLOGY Paper 3 One hour and thirty minutes 4 5 5 1 3

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU 1. Tulis nombor kad pengenalan dan nombor maktab anda pada ruangan yang disediakan. 2. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa. 3. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris mendahului soalan yang sepadan dalam bahasa Melayu. 4. Calon dibenarkan menjawab keseluruhan atau sebahagian soalan sama ada dalam bahasa Inggeris atau bahasa Melayu. 5. Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di halaman belakang kertas soalan ini.

Untuk Kegunaan Pemeriksa Kod Pemeriksa : Markah Markah Soalan Penuh Diperoleh 1 33 2 17 50 Jumlah

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 15 halaman bercetak dan 1 halaman tidak bercetak 4551/3 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan &Latihan (Menengah) MARA

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Answer all questions. Jawab semua soalan 1. A group of students carried out an experiment to investigate the effect of the altitude of the area on the length of the pea pods. The pea plants were grown in highland and lowland areas. Sekumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan kajian untuk mengkaji kesan altitud sesuatu kawasan terhadap panjang buah kacang. Pokok kacang tersebut ditanam di kawasan tanah tinggi dan kawasan tanah rendah. Diagram 1 shows an example of how the length of a pea pod was measured. Rajah 1 menunjukkan contoh bagaimana ukuran panjang buah kacang diambil.

75mm 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Ruler Pembaris

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Diagram 1 Rajah 1 Table 1 (a) shows five pea pods obtained from pea plants cultivated in a highland area. Jadual 1 (a) menunjukkan lima buah kacang yang diperoleh dari pokok kacang yang ditanam di kawasan tanah tinggi. Area Kawasan

Pea pods buah kacang 3

1

Length (mm) Panjang (mm)

4

6

8

Highland Tanah tinggi

A ……………... B ……………... C

……………...

D

……………...

E

1

2

3

4

5

6

……….……. 7

8

Table 1 (a) / Jadual 1(a) 4551/3 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

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Table 1 (b) shows five pea pods obtained from pea plants cultivated in a lowland area. Jadual 1 (b) menunjukkan lima buah kacang yang diperoleh dari pokok kacang yang ditanam di kawasan tanah rendah. Area Kawasan

Pea pods Buah kacang 1

2

3

Lowland Tanah rendah

Length (mm) Panjang (mm)

4

5

6

7

8

P

……………...

……………...

Q

R

……………...

S

……………...

T 1

2

3

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4

……….……. 5

6

7

8

Table 1 (b) Jadual 1 (b)

(a)

Record the length of each pea pod in Table 1(a) and Table 1 (b) Catatkan panjang setiap buah kacang dalam Jadual 1(a) dan Jadual 1(b). [3 marks] [3 markah]

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SULIT (b)

(i)

State one observation that can be made each from Table 1 (a) and Table 1 (b). Nyatakan satu pemerhatian yang boleh dibuat daripada setiap Jadual 1(a) dan Jadual 1(b).

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Observation 1: Pemerhatian 1: ….....……………………………………………….……………………….….. ………………………………………………………….……………………… Observation 2: Pemerhatian 2: …………………..…………………………………..………………………… ……………………..…………..……………………………………………… [3 marks] [3 markah] (ii)

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State the inference for each observation made in (b) (i). Nyatakan inferens daripada setiap pemerhatian di (b) (i).

Inference for observation 1: Inferens untuk pemerhatian 1: …………………...……………….….…………………..……………..…… ………………………..……………………………………………………… Inference for observation 2: Inferens untuk pemerhatian 2: …………………………………. …….………………..……...…………….. …..…………………………………………………………………………… [3 marks] [3 markah]

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SULIT (c)

Complete Table 2 based on this experiment. Lengkapkan Jadual 2 berdasarkan eksperimen ini. Variables Pemboleh ubah

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Method to handle the variable Cara mengendali pembolehubah

Manipulated variable: Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi: ………………………………....

…………………………………..……..

…………………………………

……………….…………………………

…………………………………

…..……………………………………

Responding variable: Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas: ………………………………....

…………………………………….....…

…………………………………

………………………………..………

…………………………………

…………………………………………

Constant variable: Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan: ………………………………....

……………………………………….…

…………………………………

………………………………..………

…………………………………

………………………………………… Table 2 Jadual 2 [3 marks] [3 markah]

(d)

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State the hypothesis for this experiment. Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini. ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… [3 marks] [3 markah]

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SULIT (e)

(i)

Based on Table 1 (a) and Table 1 (b), construct a table and record the data obtained from this experiment. Berdasarkan Jadual 1(a) dan Jadual 1 (b), bina satu jadual dan rekodkan data yang diperoleh dari eksperimen ini.

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Your table should have the following aspects: Jadual anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut:


Altitude of the area Altitud kawasan




Total length of the pea pods Jumlah panjang semua kacang




Average length of the pea pods Purata panjang kacang

[3 marks] [3 markah]

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SULIT (ii)

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Use the graph below to answer this question. Gunakan graf di bawah untuk menjawab soalan ini. Using the data in (e) (i), draw a bar chart to show the relationship between the altitude of the area and the average length of the pea pods. Dengan menggunakan data dalam (e) (i), lukis carta bar untuk menunjukkan hubungan antara altitud kawasan dengan purata panjang kacang.

[3 marks] [3 markah]

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8 Based on the bar chart in (e) (ii), explain the relationship between the average length of the pea pods and the altitude of the area where the pea plants were planted. Berdasarkan kepada carta bar di (e) (ii), terangkan hubungan antara purata panjang kacang dan altitud kawasan di mana pokok kacang ditanam.

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…………………..…………..……………………………………………….……..... ………………………………………………………………………………………... ………………………………………………………………………………………... [3 marks] [3 markah]

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(g) Based on the experiment, define the term variation. Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, berikan definisi variasi. ……………………………………………..……………………………………......... ………………………………………..……………………………………..………... …………………………………………..…………………………………….……… [3 marks] [3 markah]

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(h) If the plants from the lowland area are planted in a dark room in the laboratory for one month, predict the average length of the pea pods that will be obtained. Explain your prediction. Jika pokok kacang dari kawasan tanah rendah ditanam dalam bilik gelap makmal selama satu bulan, ramalkan purata panjang kacang yang akan diperoleh . Terangkan ramalan anda. …………………..………….……..………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………... ………………………………………………………………………………………... [3 marks] [3 markah]

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(i)

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The following is a list of biotic and abiotic factors. Berikut ialah senarai faktor-faktor biosis dan abiosis Water content, temperature, sunlight, caterpillar, magnesium ions, pea plants, aphids. Kandungan air , suhu, cahaya matahari, beluncas, ion magnesium, pokok kacang pea, kutu daun. Classify these factors in Table 4. Klasifikasikan faktor-faktor ini dalam Jadual 4 Biotic factors Faktor biosis

Abiotic factors Faktor abiosis

Table 4 Jadual 4 [3 marks] [3 markah]

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2. The Diagram 2 shows the formation of simpler molecules from carbohydrates contained in rice. Rajah 2 menunjukkan pembentukan molekul yang lebih ringkas daripada molekul karbohidrat yang terkandung dalam nasi.

Salivary amylase Amilase dalam air liur Simpler molecules Molekul ringkas

Carbohydrate Karbohidrat Diagram 2 Rajah 2

By using the above information, plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the action of salivary enzyme on rice. Dengan menggunakan maklumat di atas, rancang suatu eksperimen makmal untuk menyiasat tindakan enzim di dalam air liur terhadap nasi. The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects: Perancangan eksperimen anda harus merangkumi aspek-aspek berikut: • • • • • • • • •

Problem statement Pernyataan masalah Aim of investigation Objektif kajian Hypothesis Hipotesis Variables Pembolehubah List of apparatus and materials Senarai radas dan bahan Technique used Teknik yang digunakan Experimental procedure or method Kaedah atau prosedur eksperimen Presentation of data Persembahan data Conclusion Kesimpulan [17 marks] [17 markah] END OF QUESTION PAPER KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

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