Topic On Solaris 10
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04/03/09
Topic on Solaris 10 Mo Qiuju /57859 www.huawei.com
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Prefac e This course is developed on the basis of common requirement on knowledge about Solaris 10 operating system for technical service engineers. This course is used for engineers to improve the management and application capabilities of Solaris 10 operating system. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Study Guide
The main part of this course is common operations of Solaris 10 operating system and the difficulty lies in troubleshooting on Solaris 10 operating system.
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Objective s
After completing this course, you should be able to:
Know main delivered hardware of the workstation Know the evolvement of Solaris, Sybase and T2000 and describe differences and features between solaris10 and solaris8 Understand common operations, common maintenance commands and application of basic tools of Solaris operating system Troubleshoot common problems
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Content
Introduction to server hardware
Brief introduction to Solaris 10 operating system
Common operations of Solaris 10 operating system
Troubleshooting on Solaris 10
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Content
Introduction to server hardware
Models of SUN
Standard computers of T2000/T2100
Introduction to hardware and software of SUN workstation
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The Type of SUN Equipment Blade2500
Sun Fire V480/V490 Sun Fire V880/V890
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Sun Netra240 ( 配套 3310 或 3320 阵列 )
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Configuration Requirement for T2000/T2100 T2000
Blade 2500,SUN Fire V490S,SUN Fire V890
T2100
SUN Fire V490 or SUN Fire V890
T2000/T2100 HA System (Sun
Netra240+3310 disk array
Cluster) T2000/T2100 HA System
SUN Fire V890 or SUN Fire V490
(VERITAS Hot Standby) T2000 HA System (VERITAS
SUN Fire V890 or SUN Fire V490
Warm Standby)
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Hardware and software of SUN Workstation
The basic
configuration of SUN workstation includes:
Software of SUN workstation
Solaris
Host
CDE
Color display
Sybase
Keyboard and mouse
T2000/T2100
Optional
single system
configuration for SUN
software
workstation includes:
CD-ROM
Tape drive
Floppy drive
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T2000/T2100 HA system software
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Question
Q1: Describe models of SUN workstation.
Q2: Describe standard workstations equipped with delivered T2000.
Q3: Describe basic software and hardware configurations of SUN workstation.
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Summ ary
In this chapter ,we have learned:
Models of SUN
Standard computers of T2000/T2100
Introduction to hardware and software of SUN workstation
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Content
Introduction to server hardware
Brief introduction to Solaris 10 operating system
Common operations of Solaris 10 operating system
Troubleshooting on Solaris 10
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Content
Brief introduction to Solaris 10 operating system
System structure and basic concept of Solaris
Versions of Solaris and matching relations with T2000 and Sybase
Differences between Solaris10 and Solaris 8
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Brief Introduction of Solaris
UNIXUNIX genres:
SUN Solaris ,HP HP-UX, Digital unix, Linux
Main features:
multi-tasking, multi-users, pipe, powerful Shell, security protection mechanism, good stability, graphic user interface, powerful network support, good migrateability
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System Architecture of UNIX Application Program sh
csh cpp
kernel
kernel
shell(B shell, Hardware
K shell, C shell)
Application Program
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Outer Layer Program
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vi
Main Features of UNIX File System
Tree level or structure
Service of network file system provided
Function of creating, copying and deleting file and file tree
Dynamic accretion of file
Security and sharing of file data
Peripheral (printer, disk etc.) and directory treated as file
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Structure of Solaris File System /
bin sh
dev csh
etc rc3.d
opt
usr
T2000 client
var sybase
cdrom
export
tmp
home
server t2000
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UNIX File Permission r w x
ordinary file readable writable executable
owner group other
-rwx r-x r-- 2 reed t2000 32 Oct 17 15:33 a.txt other 4 100 group 5 101 owner 7 111
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Shell
The shell sits between you and the operating system, acting as a command interpreter. It reads your terminal input and translates the commands into actions taken by the system. The shell is analogous to command.com in DOS.
There are several types of shell: B Shell, K Shell, C Shell.
Sh( B shell) uses the startup file .profile and the default prompt is $; Csh uses the startup files .cshrc and .login, the default prompt is %.
Normally the default shell is Bourne Shell. To change shell, just input corresponding shell command. For example, input “ksh” to change to Korn shell in B shell.
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Environment Variables
Environment variables are used to provide information to the programs you use. The following information are example: display mode, default editor, terminal type, resource configuration of serial ports and network cards, login user name, hostname, group name, path, prompt.
2 types: global environment and local shell variables. Global environment variables are available in every Shell, but local shell variables are available only in one Shell.
Common environment variables of NMS:
PATH:Paths to be searched for commands
SYBASE:Sybase installation path,normally, SYBASE=/opt/sybase
T2000DBServer:Sybase Server Name
IMAP: T2000 server path, normally, IMAP ＝ /T2000/server
Query the value of environment variables:
input echo $ environment variable name
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Eg. echo $ IMAP
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Version of Solaris
Solaris 2.6 Stable, 32bit, widely used before.
Solaris 2.7 Failed version, not used.
Solaris 2.8 Currently main version, 64bit, stable, widely used in T2000/T2100.
Solaris 2.9 Not used.
Solaris 2.10 The latest version, which T2000/T2100 will switch to, is the main version now.
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Matching Relations between Solaris and T2000
The database since Solaris10 starts to be switched to Sybase12.5.
The T2000V2R2 and V2R3 start to support Solaris10 and Sybase12.5 as well as Solari8 and Sybase12.0.
The T2100V2R1 starts to match Solaris10 and Sybase12.5 and no longer supports Solaris8 abd Sybase11.9.2.
When the NMS is upgraded, pay attention to the matching relations with the operating system and database.
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Features of Solaris10
Clear system operation process: Dynamic Tracing
Wide hardware platforms: New UltraSPARC IV,
Persistent availability: Predictive Self Healing
Incomparable security: Process Rights Management,Crypto Infrastructure
Optimized utilization: N1 Grid Containers
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Differences between Solaris10 and Solaris8 solaris10
solaris8
CDE V1.6
CDE V1.4
SMC
Admintool
container
None
Built-in SSH2
None
Dynamic Tracing
None
Support x86
None
File position changes. /etc/ftpd/ftpusers File ip display mode changes. /opt/sybase/interfaces ip denoted in decimal format
/etc/ftpusers /opt/sybase/interfaces ip Denoted in hexadecimal format
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Question
Q1: Describe the levels of structure of the UNIX file system.
Q2: Which versions of the T2000 and T2100 start to support Solaris 10 respectively? What Sybase versions match Solaris 10?
Q3: Where are Solaris 10 and Solaris 8 saved?
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Summ ary
In this chapter, we have learned:
System structure and basic concept of Solaris
Versions of Solaris and matching relations with T2000 and Sybase
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Differences between Solaris10 and Solaris 8
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Content
Introduction to server hardware
Brief introduction to Solaris 10 operating system
Common operations of Solaris 10 operating system
Troubleshooting on Solaris 10
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Content
Common operations of Solaris 10 operating system
Normal operation for Engineering
Normal operation for Maintenance
Use of tools
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Normal operation for Engineering
Include:
Start the SUN workstation
Install the Solaris 10
Install T2000/T2100 software in Solaris
Start a terminal window
Enable/disable ftp or telnet, the use of ftp or telnet
Control Keys
File dump and restore
File compress and uncompress
Start or shutdown the T2000(T2100) in Solaris
Power-off and Restart the sun workstation
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Hardware of SUN Workstation
The basic
configuration of SUN workstation includes:
SUN workstation type:
Ultra60
Host
Blade2000
Color display
Blade2500
Keyboard and mouse
Sun Fire V480
Optional
Sun Fire V490
configuration for SUN
Sun Fire V880
workstation includes:
Sun Fire V890
Sun Netra240
CD-ROM
Tape drive
Floppy drive
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Software of SUN Workstation
The software of SUN workstation in default configuration includes:
Solaris operating system: the fundamental software of operating system of SUN workstation
CDE (Common Desktop Environment): providing graphic user interface
Additional software needed when SUN workstation is used in the NM includes:
Sybase database system: providing database service
NM program
High-Availability software (optional)
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Turning On the Host of SUN Workstation
Two ways to turn on the host of Sun workstation:
Turn on the power switch of the host
Press the Power button on the top-right corner of the keyboard
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Installing the Operating System Solaris 10
Installation Preparations
Before you install the T2000 system, make sure that the preparations for the software, hardware and environment are done.
The T2000's software and hardware running environment is strictly selected and tested.
Hardware Installation
Refer to the OptiX iManager T2000/T2100 Installation Guide
Installing the Operating System Solaris 10
Press STOP+A. The ok prompt is displayed.
Insert the CD/DVD for Solaris 10 Software 1 (01/06 SPARC Platform Edition).
Notes:
Divide disk According to the divided requirement of disk in Installation Guide
More detail CO., installation step refer to the HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES LTD. Huawei Confidential
Page 33Installation T2000/T2100
Install the T2000/T2100 On Unix a) Confirm the Solaris 10 has been installed b) Configure the operation system c) Check the installation software of T2000/T2100 has been prepared. d) Install the T2000 e) Install T2000 License f) Create the shortcut icon for T2000 start g) Enabling the Northbound Interface (Optional) h) Creating a Disk Mirror (Optional) i) Verifying the Installation More detail installation step refer to the T2000/T2100 Installation Guide HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Terminal Window for Command Line
Two ways to open the terminal window:
Click the terminal window icon on the bottom of the screen (the name is “this host”)
Right-click at the blank place of screen, a menu will pop out. Choose “Hosts” -> “Terminal Console” in the menu
Two ways to close the terminal window:
Type command ”exit” behind the prompt in terminal window
Double click the top-left corner of terminal window
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Startup and Stop telnet/ftp Server in Solaris10
Disable/Enable telnet server in Solaris10: (Only the root user has the right to do it)
# svcadm disable network/telnet
# svcadm enable network/telnet
Disable/Enable ftp server in Solaris10: ( Only the root user has the right to do it )
# svcadm disable network/ftp
# svcadm enable network/ftp
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Enable ftp and telnet function
steps
a) enable the ftp and telnet function only by root user # svcadm enable telnet # svcadm enable ftp b) enable telnet connection and enable ftp connection of a special user #root enable telnet connection -- Change the /etc/default/login file and add # before CONSOLE=/dev/console to: # CONSOLE=/dev/console enable ftp connection of a special user– Change the /etc/ftpd/ftpusers file and add # before the user name. To enable ftp connection of the root user, add # before root: #root HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Disable ftp and telnet
Procedure
(a) Disable telnet and ftp connection of a special user. Disable telnet connection—Change the /etc/default/login file and remove # before #CONSOLE=/dev/console to: CONSOLE=/dev/console Disable ftp connection of a special user– Change the /etc/ftpd/ftpusers file and remove # before the user name. To disable ftp connection of the root user, remove # before root. (b) Disable ftp and telnet functions. Only the root user is authorized to perform this operation. # svcadm disable telnet # svcadm disable ftp
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Use ftp to Transfer Files Application scenario: File transfer is needed between two workstations or between a workstation and a PC. In this event, the ftp function is needed. Before using ftp, make sure that the ftp function of two computers that transfer files to each other is enabled. Example: Transfer a file from a PC to a workstation c.
“Start”
“Run”
cmd (necessary for a PC and unnecessary for a
workstation) d. ftp ip address e. Type in the user name and password. f.
ftp> ascll (transfer mode: text file in ascll mode; other files in bin mode)
g. ftp>cd /aaa (directory of files in the workstation) h. ftp>lcd d:\ i.
ftp>put bbb (bbb refers to the file name. To obtain a file from the workstation, replace put with get.)
j.
ftp>bye (ftp ends.)
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Use of Telnet Application scenario: When the workstation server is placed remotely or the server cannot be randomly used, you need to log in to the server remotely on the client (PC or workstation) to perform some operations. After remote login by using the Telnet function, using the workstation server is the same as using the local workstation. Procedure for Telnet c.
“Start” “Run” workstation)
cmd (necessary for a PC and unnecessary for a
d. telnet server IP address e. Type in the user name and password.
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Control Keys
Control+C Used to break program running abnormally
Control+D Used to break system communication
Control+S Used to inform terminal of stoping accepting input
Control+Q Used to inform terminal of resuming accepting input
Stop + A Used to go to OK state
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File dump and restore
Application scenario
The tar command combines files into one device or filename for archiving purposes. The tar command does not compress the files; it merely makes a large quantity of files more manageable.
Syntax
tar [options] [directory file] Common Options c create an archive (begin writing at the start of the file) t table of contents list x extract from an archive v verbose f archive file name b archive block size
Example
tar cvf aaa.tar aaa (In current directory, dump all the files and subdirectories in aaa directory to aaa.tar in the current directory)
tar xvf aaa.tar (restore aaa.tar into the current directory)
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File compress and uncompress
Application scenario : compress and uncompress of files
compress and uncompress command
When a file has been compressed using the compress command, a suffix of .Z is appended to the file name. Syntax compress [options] [file] uncompress [options] [file.Z] Example: compress aaa uncompress aaa.Z
Gzip and gunzip command Gunzip restores the files originally compressed by gzip. When a file has been compressed using the gzip command, a suffix of .gz is appended to the file name.
Syntax :
gzip filename
gunzip filename or gzip -d filename
Example:
gzip aaa
gunzip aaa.gz
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File compress and uncompress
Application scenario : compress and uncompress of files
Pack and unpack command
When a file has been compressed using the pack command, a suffix of .z is appended to the file name.
Syntax: pack name
unpack name
Example: pack aaa
unpack aaa.z
zip and unzip command unzip restores the files originally compressed by zip. When a file has been compressed using the gzip command, a suffix of .zip is appended to the file name.
Syntax :
zip FileName.zip DirName
unzip FileName.zip
Example:
zip aaa.zip aaa
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Start or shutdown the T2000(T2100) in Solaris
Steps
Switch to t2000(t2100) user :su – t2000(t2100)
Execute “cd /T2000(T2100)/server/bin” Execute “./t2000server”(./startserver.sh) to start T2000(T2100);
Execute “./showt2000server”(./show_server) to check the running status of T2000 server(T2100 server). If returned value includes the process and PID for each related process of T2000(T2100) , that is to say , the T2000 server(T2100 server) is running.
Execute ”./shutdownserver”(./stopserver.sh) to shutdown HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. T2000(T2100)
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Power-off and Restart the sun workstation
Steps for power-off are as follows: 1) Use “su” to enter the root authority of superuser 2)Excute “sync” several times to write the data from memory to disk 3) Run “shutdown -y -g0 -i0” to return to “ok” prompt, then switch off the host, or type command “power-off”, or press Ctrl+Alt+ Power keys to switch off the system power. 4)Run “shutdown -y -g0 -i5” to power-off directly.
Methods to restart are as follows:
Run command “reboot” under superuser root
Run “init 0” to enter prompt “ok”, then type “boot”
Run “shutdown -y -g0 –i6”
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Normal operation for Maintenance
Include:
switch user
File maintenance
Display the content of file
System resource navigation and control
Modify the hostname
Configure and query the IP address
Configure the default network route
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switch user
Two methods
Method1:su xxx Method2:su – xxx Method1 is used to switch user in the current
environment
variables; Method 2 is used to switch user completely .(recommend to use) Example: su – root User name:root Password:rootkit
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Directory Navigation and Control The UNIX file system is set up like a tree branching out from the root. The root directory of the system is symbolized by the forward slash (/). System and user directories are organized under the root. The following table summarizes some directory navigation commands. Command/Syntax
What it will do
cd [directory]
change directory
ls [options] [directory or file]
list directory contents or file permissions
mkdir [options] directory
make a directory
pwd
print working (current) directory
rmdir [options] directory
remove a directory
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Directory Navigation and Control
Print working (current) directory -- pwd
Example: % pwd Return value : /T2000/server
Change directory -- cd
Syntax: cd [directory] Example: %cd
changes to user's home directory
%cd /
changes directory to the system's root
%cd ..
goes up one directory level
make a directory ---mkdir
Syntax: mkdir directory Example: % mkdir /T2000/client/data
remove a directory -- rmdir
Syntax: rmdir directory Example: % rmdir /T2000/client/data
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Directory Navigation and Control -ls Ls ---list directory contents
Syntax: ls [options] [parameter]
-a lists all files, including those beginning with a dot (.),such as .login
-l long listing lists the mode, link information, owner, size, last modification (time). If the file is a symbolic link, an arrow (-->) precedes the pathname of the linked-to file.
Example: ls –l Return value: drwxr-xr-x 2 t2000 ems 512 May 3 13:58 T2000/ Explanation :For the directory T2000, it allows the user (owner) t2000 to read, write and execute; other users except t2000 in the UNIX group assigened to the file to read and execute; users on the system only to read. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Usage Structure for Command Line
Usage structure for command line is: Command ＿ [Option] ＿ [Parameter]
Several options can be used together for most commands: Command ＿ -[Option 1][Option 2][Option 3][ ...] For example: ls ＿– alF
Options also can be listed separately: Command ＿ -[Option 1] ＿ -[Option 2] ＿ [Option 3] ＿ -[ ...] For example: ls ＿ -a ＿ -l ＿– F
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Common Operations
cd
Change directory
ls
List the directory contents, for example: ls -al
mkdir
Create directory
cp/rcp
Copy files
pwd
Present the current working directory
rmdir
rm
mv
man
su
Delete directory Delete file, for example: rm –r /tmp/t2000 Move file or change file name Obtain help information on command Switch user
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File Maintenance Commands
touch
find
Used to create a file, for example: touch
a.txt
Recursively search the indicated directory tree to
find files matching a type or pattern you specify
grep
Search specified string in the whole text file
chmod
Change access authority over file
chown
Change the ownership of a file
chgrp
Change the group of the file
cat
Display the contents of a file with the concatenate
command
more/less/pg
head/tail
echo
Page through a text file
Display the head/tail N lines of a file Repeat the characters you give to the standard
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System Resource Commands
df
Summarize disk block and file usage, for
example: df -k
du
Report disk space in use, for example: du –k
/usr/t2000
who
Provide a listing of users accessing the
system
which
date
env
Display the path of the shell files Configure or display the time and date Display or configure the current environment
variables
tar
Combines files into one file for archiving
purposes
compress/uncompress Compress/uncompress a file
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passwd
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Used to change your password
Checking System Information
prtdiag
Display the hardware information
uname
Display the computer’s information
hostname
Configure or display the hostname
hostid
Display the hostid
id
Display the ID and name of the user and
group
pkginfo
Check the installed software package
pkginfo –l xxx
Check the detailed information of the
software package
showrev
Check the Solaris version, for example:
showrev -p
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Checking System Information
prtdiag
Display the hardware information
uname
Display the computer’s information
hostname
Configure or display the hostname
hostid
du
Display the hostid Report disk space in use, for example: du –k
/usr/t2000
id
Display the ID and name of the user and group
pkginfo
Check the installed software package
pkginfo –l xxx
Check the detailed information of the software
package
showrev
Check the Solaris version, for example: showrev -p
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System Resource Navigation and Control Query the hardware information Syntax: prtdiag
Example: %prtdiag
Return value: the clock frequency, the amount of memory , CPU information, I/O information
Query the basic information of system Syntax: uname –a,hostname,hostid Example: %uname –a %hostname %hostid Return value: the current user name, hostname, hostID,etc. Query the information of system patch Execute showrev –p | grep patch number to query the pacth whether it has been installed. Example: #showrev -p | grep 117350 Return value:
Patch: 117350-02 Obsoletes: 116897-01 Requires: 108528-29, 117000-0 Incompatibles:Packages: SUNWcarx, SUNWcar, SUNWcsr, SUNWpmu, SUNWpmux, SUNWhea HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Controlling Processes
Generally speaking, a process is a running task. The UNIX system realizes time-sharing multi-tasks by controlling, provisioning and storage management of the processes.
Every process on a UNIX system has a integer as process ID, or PID which is exclusive.
Common commands
ps
show status of active processes, for example: ps –ef
kill
terminate a process, for example: kill -9 213
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Modifying Hostname
Modify /etc/nodename file, input the new hostname. If the new hostname is Primary, input Primary in nodename file.
Open /etc/hostname.interface file, change the old hostname to the new one. Notes: interface is the name of network card + a integer, for example: eri + 0 = eri0.
There is at least one hostname.interface0 file in /etc.
Modify /etc/inet/hosts and /etc/hosts files, change the old hostname to the new one.
Modify /etc/inet/ipnodes files,change the old hostname to the new one.
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IP Address Configuration
Temporary configuration of IP address ( invalidated after restart ):
#ifconfig name of network card device plumb
#ifconfig name of network card device IP netmask up
Example: #ifconfig bge0 10.77.30.105 255.0.0.0 up
Permanent configuration of IP address ( validated after restart ):
Modify /etc/inet/ipnodes file
Modify /etc/hosts file, the content is IP 【 tab 】 character string
Modify /etc/netmasks file, writting the corresponding netmask of IP
Query the IP address and MAC address
＃ ifconfig － a return value: lo0: flags=2001000849 mtu 8232 index 1 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000 hme0: flags=1000843 mtu 1500 index 2 inet 10.72.86.11 netmask ff000000 broadcast 10.255.255.255 ether Page 61 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 0:3:ba:18:40:62
Configuration of Default Network Route
Application scenario: default route is configured in routine maintenance where one workstation is used to log in to other remote workstation in different LANs.
Procedure
a. ＃ route add default 129.9.1.254 1 The parameter route indicates the route management command; add indicates adding route option; default indicates the default route; 129.9.1.254 indicates the IP address of the internal port of the local network; 1 refers to the hop number. b. Run the netstat –nr command to query the added default route in the system route table. In this event, NEs at other network segments can be pinged through. c. To facilitate the system to automatically add the default route when the system is restarted every time, create the defautrouter file in the /etc directory and write in the IP address of the relevant route port (take 129.9.1.254 as an example)
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Use of tools
Include:
Vi
Use of Snapshot Tool
Data Collection Tool
Smc
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Tools --Vi
Application scenario: vi command is a powerful tool for editing text file in UNIX, it can create and modify the text file.vi has two basic modes for manipulating text, command mode and text entry mode. When you start vi, you will be in command mode until you enter one of the text entry commands, such as i, a, s, or o, which are explained in Entering Text with vi.
To create a file named myfile and open it for editing, use this command:
vi filename control command ESC Key: switch between Command mode and text input mode b: cursor go to the beginning of last word X: delete a word dd: delete an row i: Insert the text at the location before the cursor(insert) j:Move the cursor to up k:Move the cursor to down l:Move the cursor to right o: insert the text in the next line where the cursor is(open) :wq ！ :Save and exit :w! :Only save, no exit :q! :Force exit without save :e ! : reedit the file again without change HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Tools --Use of Snapshot Tool
Application scenario: when window snap or screen snap on a workstation is needed
Procedure Right-click the desktop and choose Application > Snapshot to enable the snapshot program. Choose Hide the window during snapshot. Click the window to snap or choose the screen. Snapshot is complete after waiting for eight seconds. On the graphic viewer, choose File > Save as jpeg. Note: When typing in the file name, do type in the suffix name like XXXX.jpg(jpeg).
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Tools--Data Collection Tool
Application scenario: HA system
In the /opt/haT2000-veritas-scripts/Monitor directory of the Veritas HA system, the Veritas_Explorer.pl data collection script exists. Run the script to check the status of the HA system and collect data.
It takes about 10 minutes to complete data collection and the size of the files is about 8M.
As some data collected is large, the data should be divided and then transmitted. The WinRAR function is available.
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Tool-smc Application scenario: graphic interfaces of common operations on the
workstation admintool in Solaris8 is changed to smc in Solaris10. Compared with admintool, smc features better expansion performance. smc does not provide specific functions, but provides interfaces that access these functions. a. Assign authority and role for users. b. Create and carry out the user policy. c. View the system log and find out abnormal or doubtful log records. d. Create a mail list. e. Configure and format the new system disk, including disk partition and preparation for RAID configuration disk copy.
Enable the smc tool
#smc
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Question
Q1: How to open the T2000 or T2100 in the workstation?
Q2: How to enable the ftp and telnet functions?
Q3: How to use the VI editor?
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Summ ary
In this chapter, we have learned:
Normal operation for Engineering
Normal operation for Maintenance
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Use of tools
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Content
Introduction to server hardware
Brief introduction to Solaris 10 operating system
Common operations of Solaris 10 operating system
Troubleshooting on Solaris 10
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Content
Troubleshooting on Solaris 10
CDE Cannot Be Logged in Normally
The CD Fails to Pop up
The User Password Is Forgotten
The SH Script Cannot Be Run.
The workstation does not respond to the keyboard and mouse
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CDE Cannot Be Logged in Normally. Problem description: When a user logs in to CDE, the password is correct, but the system is down after the desktop is displayed. Problem cause: The configuration file of Desktop of the user may be damaged. Solution: Two methods are available: Method 1: Use a terminal to log in. Run “rm -rf .dt” and then re-log in to CDE. Method 2: Create a user and copy some configuration files such as .cshrc, .login, and .dtprofile in the user directory to the new user directory. Then customize the environment and create action icon for HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES the new desktop. CO., LTD.
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The CD Fails to Pop up. Problem description After installing Solaris 10 operating system, the engineer press the popup key under the driver, but the CD fails to pop up. Solution Type in the command: eject –f. Type in ./etc/init.d/volmgt stop to take out the CD. Run the following command to restore the system: ./etc/init.d/volmgt start
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The User Password Is Forgotten. If a common user forgets the password, use the root user to change the password. (a) Log in to the system as the root user. (b) Run the passwd command to change the user password. #passwd user
If the root user password is forgotten, do as follows: (a) Enter OK and enter the following commands: #fsck -y /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0 (depending on the equipment of the root partition) #mount -F ufs /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 /mnt #TERM=ansi; export TERM (if using vi is normal, do not use the statement.) #vi /mnt/etc/shadow (b) Delete the character between the first and second colons after root. This can delete the password of the root user. #umount /mnt #reboot (c) Use the passwd command to change the password. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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The SH Script Cannot Be Run. Problem description The .sh script fails to be run on the workstation. The system returns a prompt that the script fails to be run. Problem cause The user has no enough authority and is not switched to other relevant user. The file has no executable authority. In these two cases, use ls –l XXX.sh (script name) to view the file attribute. Solution In case 1, switch the user or change the script host. If the executable authority is insufficient, add the executable authority. If the script is changed on the PC, check whether the transport mode is correct (ASCII). In addition, use the sh –x xxx.sh HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. debugging mode to checkHuawei the Confidential execution coursePage of 75 the script and
The workstation does not respond to the keyboard and mouse, so it is nonoperable. Problem description: The workstation does not respond to the keyboard and mouse, so it is nonoperable.
Problem cause: The process runs abnormally. Solution: Find out the abnormal process and kill it or restart the workstation. Specifically, do as follows: (a) Connect another computer (laptop computer, PC or workstation) to this workstation with a network cable. Enter the following command on this computer: Telnet the IP address of the workstation. Follow the prompt to type in the rms user name and relevant password and then log in to the workstation. (b) Find out the abnormal process and kill it. Enter the following command to find out the possible abnormal process and record the process number: %ps -ef Enter the following command to kill the abnormal process: %kill -9 process number If the abnormal process is unclear, kill the dtsession process. Then the workstation interface restarts and enters in the login status. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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The workstation does not respond to the keyboard and mouse, so it is nonoperable. (c) If the workstation is restored after the preceding operations are carried out, restart NMS in the workstation. If the system remains abnormal, use the following command to restart the workstation: #/usr/sbin/shutdown -y -g0 -i6 Then the system is restarted. If no computer connects to the workstation onsite or the computer fails to telnet the workstation due to some reasons, do as follows: (1) Type in “STOP”+“A”. (2) When the system displays the “ok” prompt, type in “sync” to restart the system.
Warning: The preceding operation is bad to the file system, so it is used only when there is no other method. Use fsck to check the file system after the HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. system is restarted.
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Question
Q1: How to do when the workstation CD fails to pop up?
Q2: How to do when the sh script fails to be run?
Q3: How to do when the user password is forgotten?
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Summar y
In this chapter, we have learned:
CDE Cannot Be Logged in Normally
The CD Fails to Pop up
The User Password Is Forgotten
The SH Script Cannot Be Run.
The workstation does not respond to the keyboard and mouse
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Summa ry
In this course, we have learned:
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Introduction to server hardware Brief introduction to Solaris 10 operating system Common operations of Solaris 10 operating system Troubleshooting on Solaris 10
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Thank You www.huawei.com
04/03/09
Topic on Solaris 10 Mo Qiuju /57859 www.huawei.com
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Prefac e This course is developed on the basis of common requirement on knowledge about Solaris 10 operating system for technical service engineers. This course is used for engineers to improve the management and application capabilities of Solaris 10 operating system. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Study Guide
The main part of this course is common operations of Solaris 10 operating system and the difficulty lies in troubleshooting on Solaris 10 operating system.
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Objective s
After completing this course, you should be able to:
Know main delivered hardware of the workstation Know the evolvement of Solaris, Sybase and T2000 and describe differences and features between solaris10 and solaris8 Understand common operations, common maintenance commands and application of basic tools of Solaris operating system Troubleshoot common problems
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Content
Introduction to server hardware
Brief introduction to Solaris 10 operating system
Common operations of Solaris 10 operating system
Troubleshooting on Solaris 10
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Content
Introduction to server hardware
Models of SUN
Standard computers of T2000/T2100
Introduction to hardware and software of SUN workstation
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The Type of SUN Equipment Blade2500
Sun Fire V480/V490 Sun Fire V880/V890
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Sun Netra240 ( 配套 3310 或 3320 阵列 )
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Configuration Requirement for T2000/T2100 T2000
Blade 2500,SUN Fire V490S,SUN Fire V890
T2100
SUN Fire V490 or SUN Fire V890
T2000/T2100 HA System (Sun
Netra240+3310 disk array
Cluster) T2000/T2100 HA System
SUN Fire V890 or SUN Fire V490
(VERITAS Hot Standby) T2000 HA System (VERITAS
SUN Fire V890 or SUN Fire V490
Warm Standby)
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Hardware and software of SUN Workstation
The basic
configuration of SUN workstation includes:
Software of SUN workstation
Solaris
Host
CDE
Color display
Sybase
Keyboard and mouse
T2000/T2100
Optional
single system
configuration for SUN
software
workstation includes:
CD-ROM
Tape drive
Floppy drive
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T2000/T2100 HA system software
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Question
Q1: Describe models of SUN workstation.
Q2: Describe standard workstations equipped with delivered T2000.
Q3: Describe basic software and hardware configurations of SUN workstation.
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Summ ary
In this chapter ,we have learned:
Models of SUN
Standard computers of T2000/T2100
Introduction to hardware and software of SUN workstation
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Content
Introduction to server hardware
Brief introduction to Solaris 10 operating system
Common operations of Solaris 10 operating system
Troubleshooting on Solaris 10
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Content
Brief introduction to Solaris 10 operating system
System structure and basic concept of Solaris
Versions of Solaris and matching relations with T2000 and Sybase
Differences between Solaris10 and Solaris 8
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Brief Introduction of Solaris
UNIXUNIX genres:
SUN Solaris ,HP HP-UX, Digital unix, Linux
Main features:
multi-tasking, multi-users, pipe, powerful Shell, security protection mechanism, good stability, graphic user interface, powerful network support, good migrateability
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System Architecture of UNIX Application Program sh
csh cpp
kernel
kernel
shell(B shell, Hardware
K shell, C shell)
Application Program
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Outer Layer Program
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vi
Main Features of UNIX File System
Tree level or structure
Service of network file system provided
Function of creating, copying and deleting file and file tree
Dynamic accretion of file
Security and sharing of file data
Peripheral (printer, disk etc.) and directory treated as file
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Structure of Solaris File System /
bin sh
dev csh
etc rc3.d
opt
usr
T2000 client
var sybase
cdrom
export
tmp
home
server t2000
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UNIX File Permission r w x
ordinary file readable writable executable
owner group other
-rwx r-x r-- 2 reed t2000 32 Oct 17 15:33 a.txt other 4 100 group 5 101 owner 7 111
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Shell
The shell sits between you and the operating system, acting as a command interpreter. It reads your terminal input and translates the commands into actions taken by the system. The shell is analogous to command.com in DOS.
There are several types of shell: B Shell, K Shell, C Shell.
Sh( B shell) uses the startup file .profile and the default prompt is $; Csh uses the startup files .cshrc and .login, the default prompt is %.
Normally the default shell is Bourne Shell. To change shell, just input corresponding shell command. For example, input “ksh” to change to Korn shell in B shell.
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Environment Variables
Environment variables are used to provide information to the programs you use. The following information are example: display mode, default editor, terminal type, resource configuration of serial ports and network cards, login user name, hostname, group name, path, prompt.
2 types: global environment and local shell variables. Global environment variables are available in every Shell, but local shell variables are available only in one Shell.
Common environment variables of NMS:
PATH:Paths to be searched for commands
SYBASE:Sybase installation path,normally, SYBASE=/opt/sybase
T2000DBServer:Sybase Server Name
IMAP: T2000 server path, normally, IMAP ＝ /T2000/server
Query the value of environment variables:
input echo $ environment variable name
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Eg. echo $ IMAP
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Version of Solaris
Solaris 2.6 Stable, 32bit, widely used before.
Solaris 2.7 Failed version, not used.
Solaris 2.8 Currently main version, 64bit, stable, widely used in T2000/T2100.
Solaris 2.9 Not used.
Solaris 2.10 The latest version, which T2000/T2100 will switch to, is the main version now.
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Matching Relations between Solaris and T2000
The database since Solaris10 starts to be switched to Sybase12.5.
The T2000V2R2 and V2R3 start to support Solaris10 and Sybase12.5 as well as Solari8 and Sybase12.0.
The T2100V2R1 starts to match Solaris10 and Sybase12.5 and no longer supports Solaris8 abd Sybase11.9.2.
When the NMS is upgraded, pay attention to the matching relations with the operating system and database.
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Features of Solaris10
Clear system operation process: Dynamic Tracing
Wide hardware platforms: New UltraSPARC IV,
Persistent availability: Predictive Self Healing
Incomparable security: Process Rights Management,Crypto Infrastructure
Optimized utilization: N1 Grid Containers
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Differences between Solaris10 and Solaris8 solaris10
solaris8
CDE V1.6
CDE V1.4
SMC
Admintool
container
None
Built-in SSH2
None
Dynamic Tracing
None
Support x86
None
File position changes. /etc/ftpd/ftpusers File ip display mode changes. /opt/sybase/interfaces ip denoted in decimal format
/etc/ftpusers /opt/sybase/interfaces ip Denoted in hexadecimal format
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Question
Q1: Describe the levels of structure of the UNIX file system.
Q2: Which versions of the T2000 and T2100 start to support Solaris 10 respectively? What Sybase versions match Solaris 10?
Q3: Where are Solaris 10 and Solaris 8 saved?
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Summ ary
In this chapter, we have learned:
System structure and basic concept of Solaris
Versions of Solaris and matching relations with T2000 and Sybase
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Differences between Solaris10 and Solaris 8
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Content
Introduction to server hardware
Brief introduction to Solaris 10 operating system
Common operations of Solaris 10 operating system
Troubleshooting on Solaris 10
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Content
Common operations of Solaris 10 operating system
Normal operation for Engineering
Normal operation for Maintenance
Use of tools
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Normal operation for Engineering
Include:
Start the SUN workstation
Install the Solaris 10
Install T2000/T2100 software in Solaris
Start a terminal window
Enable/disable ftp or telnet, the use of ftp or telnet
Control Keys
File dump and restore
File compress and uncompress
Start or shutdown the T2000(T2100) in Solaris
Power-off and Restart the sun workstation
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Hardware of SUN Workstation
The basic
configuration of SUN workstation includes:
SUN workstation type:
Ultra60
Host
Blade2000
Color display
Blade2500
Keyboard and mouse
Sun Fire V480
Optional
Sun Fire V490
configuration for SUN
Sun Fire V880
workstation includes:
Sun Fire V890
Sun Netra240
CD-ROM
Tape drive
Floppy drive
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Software of SUN Workstation
The software of SUN workstation in default configuration includes:
Solaris operating system: the fundamental software of operating system of SUN workstation
CDE (Common Desktop Environment): providing graphic user interface
Additional software needed when SUN workstation is used in the NM includes:
Sybase database system: providing database service
NM program
High-Availability software (optional)
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Turning On the Host of SUN Workstation
Two ways to turn on the host of Sun workstation:
Turn on the power switch of the host
Press the Power button on the top-right corner of the keyboard
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Installing the Operating System Solaris 10
Installation Preparations
Before you install the T2000 system, make sure that the preparations for the software, hardware and environment are done.
The T2000's software and hardware running environment is strictly selected and tested.
Hardware Installation
Refer to the OptiX iManager T2000/T2100 Installation Guide
Installing the Operating System Solaris 10
Press STOP+A. The ok prompt is displayed.
Insert the CD/DVD for Solaris 10 Software 1 (01/06 SPARC Platform Edition).
Notes:
Divide disk According to the divided requirement of disk in Installation Guide
More detail CO., installation step refer to the HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES LTD. Huawei Confidential
Page 33Installation T2000/T2100
Install the T2000/T2100 On Unix a) Confirm the Solaris 10 has been installed b) Configure the operation system c) Check the installation software of T2000/T2100 has been prepared. d) Install the T2000 e) Install T2000 License f) Create the shortcut icon for T2000 start g) Enabling the Northbound Interface (Optional) h) Creating a Disk Mirror (Optional) i) Verifying the Installation More detail installation step refer to the T2000/T2100 Installation Guide HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Terminal Window for Command Line
Two ways to open the terminal window:
Click the terminal window icon on the bottom of the screen (the name is “this host”)
Right-click at the blank place of screen, a menu will pop out. Choose “Hosts” -> “Terminal Console” in the menu
Two ways to close the terminal window:
Type command ”exit” behind the prompt in terminal window
Double click the top-left corner of terminal window
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Startup and Stop telnet/ftp Server in Solaris10
Disable/Enable telnet server in Solaris10: (Only the root user has the right to do it)
# svcadm disable network/telnet
# svcadm enable network/telnet
Disable/Enable ftp server in Solaris10: ( Only the root user has the right to do it )
# svcadm disable network/ftp
# svcadm enable network/ftp
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Enable ftp and telnet function
steps
a) enable the ftp and telnet function only by root user # svcadm enable telnet # svcadm enable ftp b) enable telnet connection and enable ftp connection of a special user #root enable telnet connection -- Change the /etc/default/login file and add # before CONSOLE=/dev/console to: # CONSOLE=/dev/console enable ftp connection of a special user– Change the /etc/ftpd/ftpusers file and add # before the user name. To enable ftp connection of the root user, add # before root: #root HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Disable ftp and telnet
Procedure
(a) Disable telnet and ftp connection of a special user. Disable telnet connection—Change the /etc/default/login file and remove # before #CONSOLE=/dev/console to: CONSOLE=/dev/console Disable ftp connection of a special user– Change the /etc/ftpd/ftpusers file and remove # before the user name. To disable ftp connection of the root user, remove # before root. (b) Disable ftp and telnet functions. Only the root user is authorized to perform this operation. # svcadm disable telnet # svcadm disable ftp
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Use ftp to Transfer Files Application scenario: File transfer is needed between two workstations or between a workstation and a PC. In this event, the ftp function is needed. Before using ftp, make sure that the ftp function of two computers that transfer files to each other is enabled. Example: Transfer a file from a PC to a workstation c.
“Start”
“Run”
cmd (necessary for a PC and unnecessary for a
workstation) d. ftp ip address e. Type in the user name and password. f.
ftp> ascll (transfer mode: text file in ascll mode; other files in bin mode)
g. ftp>cd /aaa (directory of files in the workstation) h. ftp>lcd d:\ i.
ftp>put bbb (bbb refers to the file name. To obtain a file from the workstation, replace put with get.)
j.
ftp>bye (ftp ends.)
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Use of Telnet Application scenario: When the workstation server is placed remotely or the server cannot be randomly used, you need to log in to the server remotely on the client (PC or workstation) to perform some operations. After remote login by using the Telnet function, using the workstation server is the same as using the local workstation. Procedure for Telnet c.
“Start” “Run” workstation)
cmd (necessary for a PC and unnecessary for a
d. telnet server IP address e. Type in the user name and password.
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Control Keys
Control+C Used to break program running abnormally
Control+D Used to break system communication
Control+S Used to inform terminal of stoping accepting input
Control+Q Used to inform terminal of resuming accepting input
Stop + A Used to go to OK state
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File dump and restore
Application scenario
The tar command combines files into one device or filename for archiving purposes. The tar command does not compress the files; it merely makes a large quantity of files more manageable.
Syntax
tar [options] [directory file] Common Options c create an archive (begin writing at the start of the file) t table of contents list x extract from an archive v verbose f archive file name b archive block size
Example
tar cvf aaa.tar aaa (In current directory, dump all the files and subdirectories in aaa directory to aaa.tar in the current directory)
tar xvf aaa.tar (restore aaa.tar into the current directory)
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File compress and uncompress
Application scenario : compress and uncompress of files
compress and uncompress command
When a file has been compressed using the compress command, a suffix of .Z is appended to the file name. Syntax compress [options] [file] uncompress [options] [file.Z] Example: compress aaa uncompress aaa.Z
Gzip and gunzip command Gunzip restores the files originally compressed by gzip. When a file has been compressed using the gzip command, a suffix of .gz is appended to the file name.
Syntax :
gzip filename
gunzip filename or gzip -d filename
Example:
gzip aaa
gunzip aaa.gz
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File compress and uncompress
Application scenario : compress and uncompress of files
Pack and unpack command
When a file has been compressed using the pack command, a suffix of .z is appended to the file name.
Syntax: pack name
unpack name
Example: pack aaa
unpack aaa.z
zip and unzip command unzip restores the files originally compressed by zip. When a file has been compressed using the gzip command, a suffix of .zip is appended to the file name.
Syntax :
zip FileName.zip DirName
unzip FileName.zip
Example:
zip aaa.zip aaa
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Start or shutdown the T2000(T2100) in Solaris
Steps
Switch to t2000(t2100) user :su – t2000(t2100)
Execute “cd /T2000(T2100)/server/bin” Execute “./t2000server”(./startserver.sh) to start T2000(T2100);
Execute “./showt2000server”(./show_server) to check the running status of T2000 server(T2100 server). If returned value includes the process and PID for each related process of T2000(T2100) , that is to say , the T2000 server(T2100 server) is running.
Execute ”./shutdownserver”(./stopserver.sh) to shutdown HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. T2000(T2100)
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Power-off and Restart the sun workstation
Steps for power-off are as follows: 1) Use “su” to enter the root authority of superuser 2)Excute “sync” several times to write the data from memory to disk 3) Run “shutdown -y -g0 -i0” to return to “ok” prompt, then switch off the host, or type command “power-off”, or press Ctrl+Alt+ Power keys to switch off the system power. 4)Run “shutdown -y -g0 -i5” to power-off directly.
Methods to restart are as follows:
Run command “reboot” under superuser root
Run “init 0” to enter prompt “ok”, then type “boot”
Run “shutdown -y -g0 –i6”
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Normal operation for Maintenance
Include:
switch user
File maintenance
Display the content of file
System resource navigation and control
Modify the hostname
Configure and query the IP address
Configure the default network route
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switch user
Two methods
Method1:su xxx Method2:su – xxx Method1 is used to switch user in the current
environment
variables; Method 2 is used to switch user completely .(recommend to use) Example: su – root User name:root Password:rootkit
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Directory Navigation and Control The UNIX file system is set up like a tree branching out from the root. The root directory of the system is symbolized by the forward slash (/). System and user directories are organized under the root. The following table summarizes some directory navigation commands. Command/Syntax
What it will do
cd [directory]
change directory
ls [options] [directory or file]
list directory contents or file permissions
mkdir [options] directory
make a directory
pwd
print working (current) directory
rmdir [options] directory
remove a directory
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Directory Navigation and Control
Print working (current) directory -- pwd
Example: % pwd Return value : /T2000/server
Change directory -- cd
Syntax: cd [directory] Example: %cd
changes to user's home directory
%cd /
changes directory to the system's root
%cd ..
goes up one directory level
make a directory ---mkdir
Syntax: mkdir directory Example: % mkdir /T2000/client/data
remove a directory -- rmdir
Syntax: rmdir directory Example: % rmdir /T2000/client/data
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Directory Navigation and Control -ls Ls ---list directory contents
Syntax: ls [options] [parameter]
-a lists all files, including those beginning with a dot (.),such as .login
-l long listing lists the mode, link information, owner, size, last modification (time). If the file is a symbolic link, an arrow (-->) precedes the pathname of the linked-to file.
Example: ls –l Return value: drwxr-xr-x 2 t2000 ems 512 May 3 13:58 T2000/ Explanation :For the directory T2000, it allows the user (owner) t2000 to read, write and execute; other users except t2000 in the UNIX group assigened to the file to read and execute; users on the system only to read. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Usage Structure for Command Line
Usage structure for command line is: Command ＿ [Option] ＿ [Parameter]
Several options can be used together for most commands: Command ＿ -[Option 1][Option 2][Option 3][ ...] For example: ls ＿– alF
Options also can be listed separately: Command ＿ -[Option 1] ＿ -[Option 2] ＿ [Option 3] ＿ -[ ...] For example: ls ＿ -a ＿ -l ＿– F
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Common Operations
cd
Change directory
ls
List the directory contents, for example: ls -al
mkdir
Create directory
cp/rcp
Copy files
pwd
Present the current working directory
rmdir
rm
mv
man
su
Delete directory Delete file, for example: rm –r /tmp/t2000 Move file or change file name Obtain help information on command Switch user
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File Maintenance Commands
touch
find
Used to create a file, for example: touch
a.txt
Recursively search the indicated directory tree to
find files matching a type or pattern you specify
grep
Search specified string in the whole text file
chmod
Change access authority over file
chown
Change the ownership of a file
chgrp
Change the group of the file
cat
Display the contents of a file with the concatenate
command
more/less/pg
head/tail
echo
Page through a text file
Display the head/tail N lines of a file Repeat the characters you give to the standard
output, forCO., LTD. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
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System Resource Commands
df
Summarize disk block and file usage, for
example: df -k
du
Report disk space in use, for example: du –k
/usr/t2000
who
Provide a listing of users accessing the
system
which
date
env
Display the path of the shell files Configure or display the time and date Display or configure the current environment
variables
tar
Combines files into one file for archiving
purposes
compress/uncompress Compress/uncompress a file
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passwd
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Used to change your password
Checking System Information
prtdiag
Display the hardware information
uname
Display the computer’s information
hostname
Configure or display the hostname
hostid
Display the hostid
id
Display the ID and name of the user and
group
pkginfo
Check the installed software package
pkginfo –l xxx
Check the detailed information of the
software package
showrev
Check the Solaris version, for example:
showrev -p
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Checking System Information
prtdiag
Display the hardware information
uname
Display the computer’s information
hostname
Configure or display the hostname
hostid
du
Display the hostid Report disk space in use, for example: du –k
/usr/t2000
id
Display the ID and name of the user and group
pkginfo
Check the installed software package
pkginfo –l xxx
Check the detailed information of the software
package
showrev
Check the Solaris version, for example: showrev -p
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System Resource Navigation and Control Query the hardware information Syntax: prtdiag
Example: %prtdiag
Return value: the clock frequency, the amount of memory , CPU information, I/O information
Query the basic information of system Syntax: uname –a,hostname,hostid Example: %uname –a %hostname %hostid Return value: the current user name, hostname, hostID,etc. Query the information of system patch Execute showrev –p | grep patch number to query the pacth whether it has been installed. Example: #showrev -p | grep 117350 Return value:
Patch: 117350-02 Obsoletes: 116897-01 Requires: 108528-29, 117000-0 Incompatibles:Packages: SUNWcarx, SUNWcar, SUNWcsr, SUNWpmu, SUNWpmux, SUNWhea HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Controlling Processes
Generally speaking, a process is a running task. The UNIX system realizes time-sharing multi-tasks by controlling, provisioning and storage management of the processes.
Every process on a UNIX system has a integer as process ID, or PID which is exclusive.
Common commands
ps
show status of active processes, for example: ps –ef
kill
terminate a process, for example: kill -9 213
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Modifying Hostname
Modify /etc/nodename file, input the new hostname. If the new hostname is Primary, input Primary in nodename file.
Open /etc/hostname.interface file, change the old hostname to the new one. Notes: interface is the name of network card + a integer, for example: eri + 0 = eri0.
There is at least one hostname.interface0 file in /etc.
Modify /etc/inet/hosts and /etc/hosts files, change the old hostname to the new one.
Modify /etc/inet/ipnodes files,change the old hostname to the new one.
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IP Address Configuration
Temporary configuration of IP address ( invalidated after restart ):
#ifconfig name of network card device plumb
#ifconfig name of network card device IP netmask up
Example: #ifconfig bge0 10.77.30.105 255.0.0.0 up
Permanent configuration of IP address ( validated after restart ):
Modify /etc/inet/ipnodes file
Modify /etc/hosts file, the content is IP 【 tab 】 character string
Modify /etc/netmasks file, writting the corresponding netmask of IP
Query the IP address and MAC address
＃ ifconfig － a return value: lo0: flags=2001000849
Configuration of Default Network Route
Application scenario: default route is configured in routine maintenance where one workstation is used to log in to other remote workstation in different LANs.
Procedure
a. ＃ route add default 129.9.1.254 1 The parameter route indicates the route management command; add indicates adding route option; default indicates the default route; 129.9.1.254 indicates the IP address of the internal port of the local network; 1 refers to the hop number. b. Run the netstat –nr command to query the added default route in the system route table. In this event, NEs at other network segments can be pinged through. c. To facilitate the system to automatically add the default route when the system is restarted every time, create the defautrouter file in the /etc directory and write in the IP address of the relevant route port (take 129.9.1.254 as an example)
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Use of tools
Include:
Vi
Use of Snapshot Tool
Data Collection Tool
Smc
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Tools --Vi
Application scenario: vi command is a powerful tool for editing text file in UNIX, it can create and modify the text file.vi has two basic modes for manipulating text, command mode and text entry mode. When you start vi, you will be in command mode until you enter one of the text entry commands, such as i, a, s, or o, which are explained in Entering Text with vi.
To create a file named myfile and open it for editing, use this command:
vi filename control command ESC Key: switch between Command mode and text input mode b: cursor go to the beginning of last word X: delete a word dd: delete an row i: Insert the text at the location before the cursor(insert) j:Move the cursor to up k:Move the cursor to down l:Move the cursor to right o: insert the text in the next line where the cursor is(open) :wq ！ :Save and exit :w! :Only save, no exit :q! :Force exit without save :e ! : reedit the file again without change HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Tools --Use of Snapshot Tool
Application scenario: when window snap or screen snap on a workstation is needed
Procedure Right-click the desktop and choose Application > Snapshot to enable the snapshot program. Choose Hide the window during snapshot. Click the window to snap or choose the screen. Snapshot is complete after waiting for eight seconds. On the graphic viewer, choose File > Save as jpeg. Note: When typing in the file name, do type in the suffix name like XXXX.jpg(jpeg).
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Tools--Data Collection Tool
Application scenario: HA system
In the /opt/haT2000-veritas-scripts/Monitor directory of the Veritas HA system, the Veritas_Explorer.pl data collection script exists. Run the script to check the status of the HA system and collect data.
It takes about 10 minutes to complete data collection and the size of the files is about 8M.
As some data collected is large, the data should be divided and then transmitted. The WinRAR function is available.
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Tool-smc Application scenario: graphic interfaces of common operations on the
workstation admintool in Solaris8 is changed to smc in Solaris10. Compared with admintool, smc features better expansion performance. smc does not provide specific functions, but provides interfaces that access these functions. a. Assign authority and role for users. b. Create and carry out the user policy. c. View the system log and find out abnormal or doubtful log records. d. Create a mail list. e. Configure and format the new system disk, including disk partition and preparation for RAID configuration disk copy.
Enable the smc tool
#smc
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Question
Q1: How to open the T2000 or T2100 in the workstation?
Q2: How to enable the ftp and telnet functions?
Q3: How to use the VI editor?
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Summ ary
In this chapter, we have learned:
Normal operation for Engineering
Normal operation for Maintenance
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Use of tools
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Content
Introduction to server hardware
Brief introduction to Solaris 10 operating system
Common operations of Solaris 10 operating system
Troubleshooting on Solaris 10
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Content
Troubleshooting on Solaris 10
CDE Cannot Be Logged in Normally
The CD Fails to Pop up
The User Password Is Forgotten
The SH Script Cannot Be Run.
The workstation does not respond to the keyboard and mouse
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CDE Cannot Be Logged in Normally. Problem description: When a user logs in to CDE, the password is correct, but the system is down after the desktop is displayed. Problem cause: The configuration file of Desktop of the user may be damaged. Solution: Two methods are available: Method 1: Use a terminal to log in. Run “rm -rf .dt” and then re-log in to CDE. Method 2: Create a user and copy some configuration files such as .cshrc, .login, and .dtprofile in the user directory to the new user directory. Then customize the environment and create action icon for HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES the new desktop. CO., LTD.
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The CD Fails to Pop up. Problem description After installing Solaris 10 operating system, the engineer press the popup key under the driver, but the CD fails to pop up. Solution Type in the command: eject –f. Type in ./etc/init.d/volmgt stop to take out the CD. Run the following command to restore the system: ./etc/init.d/volmgt start
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The User Password Is Forgotten. If a common user forgets the password, use the root user to change the password. (a) Log in to the system as the root user. (b) Run the passwd command to change the user password. #passwd user
If the root user password is forgotten, do as follows: (a) Enter OK and enter the following commands: #fsck -y /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0 (depending on the equipment of the root partition) #mount -F ufs /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 /mnt #TERM=ansi; export TERM (if using vi is normal, do not use the statement.) #vi /mnt/etc/shadow (b) Delete the character between the first and second colons after root. This can delete the password of the root user. #umount /mnt #reboot (c) Use the passwd command to change the password. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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The SH Script Cannot Be Run. Problem description The .sh script fails to be run on the workstation. The system returns a prompt that the script fails to be run. Problem cause The user has no enough authority and is not switched to other relevant user. The file has no executable authority. In these two cases, use ls –l XXX.sh (script name) to view the file attribute. Solution In case 1, switch the user or change the script host. If the executable authority is insufficient, add the executable authority. If the script is changed on the PC, check whether the transport mode is correct (ASCII). In addition, use the sh –x xxx.sh HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. debugging mode to checkHuawei the Confidential execution coursePage of 75 the script and
The workstation does not respond to the keyboard and mouse, so it is nonoperable. Problem description: The workstation does not respond to the keyboard and mouse, so it is nonoperable.
Problem cause: The process runs abnormally. Solution: Find out the abnormal process and kill it or restart the workstation. Specifically, do as follows: (a) Connect another computer (laptop computer, PC or workstation) to this workstation with a network cable. Enter the following command on this computer: Telnet the IP address of the workstation. Follow the prompt to type in the rms user name and relevant password and then log in to the workstation. (b) Find out the abnormal process and kill it. Enter the following command to find out the possible abnormal process and record the process number: %ps -ef Enter the following command to kill the abnormal process: %kill -9 process number If the abnormal process is unclear, kill the dtsession process. Then the workstation interface restarts and enters in the login status. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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The workstation does not respond to the keyboard and mouse, so it is nonoperable. (c) If the workstation is restored after the preceding operations are carried out, restart NMS in the workstation. If the system remains abnormal, use the following command to restart the workstation: #/usr/sbin/shutdown -y -g0 -i6 Then the system is restarted. If no computer connects to the workstation onsite or the computer fails to telnet the workstation due to some reasons, do as follows: (1) Type in “STOP”+“A”. (2) When the system displays the “ok” prompt, type in “sync” to restart the system.
Warning: The preceding operation is bad to the file system, so it is used only when there is no other method. Use fsck to check the file system after the HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. system is restarted.
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Question
Q1: How to do when the workstation CD fails to pop up?
Q2: How to do when the sh script fails to be run?
Q3: How to do when the user password is forgotten?
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Summar y
In this chapter, we have learned:
CDE Cannot Be Logged in Normally
The CD Fails to Pop up
The User Password Is Forgotten
The SH Script Cannot Be Run.
The workstation does not respond to the keyboard and mouse
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Summa ry
In this course, we have learned:
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Introduction to server hardware Brief introduction to Solaris 10 operating system Common operations of Solaris 10 operating system Troubleshooting on Solaris 10
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Thank You www.huawei.com
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