[t_j_prabhu]_design_of_transmission_elements(z-lib.org).pdf

D ES ı G N TR A N S M ı S S IO N

T J .

.

O F E LE M E N T S

PR A B H U

Scanned by CamScanner

C O N TEN T S F o re w

ord

P r e fa c e

Ļc k n

ow

le d g e m

en

C h a p tc r S pu r G

em s

H e lic a l G e ĺ s Bevel G

e a rs

4

W

5

S p e e d R e d u c e fs

6

M

7

G e a r D e s ig n E q u a tio n s

8 9

o rn ı G e a r s

u ltis p e e d

G

L u b r ic a tio n

R o llin g C B eı t D r iv

B

u s in

g L

an

B

ew

is

e a r in

an

d B

e a r in

u c

k in g h a m

gs

gs

es

es

ł u

tc h e s

B

ra

ke s

p

ow er

c

am s

16

G

en ev a

17

R a tc h e t

18

W ir e R o p e s

19

A d d iū o n a l In fo rm

20

E

21

S h o r t Q u e s tio n s

22

0 b je c tiv e T y \

s c re w

x e rc is e

ox

d Jo u r n a l B

o n ta c t

C h a in D r iv

J

e ar

s

M

e c h a n is m

an

d P aw l M

P r o b le m

e c h a n is m

a tio n

/ P r o b le m

s

s

Q u e s tio n s R

S u p p le m

22 1

22 7

e fe r e n c s e iıţ

A

(1

4 7)

Scanned by CamScanner

T A C K N O W L E D G EM E N

co

pu

f m y le c tu r e n q te s A T h is b o o k g r e w o u t o i h to h ile w r itin g tM s b o o k a n d I w s n s u lte d w b lis h e r s o f th o s e b o o k s w

D

to

fa c ilitie s g iv e n to I

d

an

u n

w

is h

s ta

to

B IS T

h ile

w

ge nae n t r itin g th is b o

w

ıo

se e

f p r e n tic e

fo

d

ip a l, fo

c

w r

r

ks

th o

au

d

th e

r

o

w e rĺ

rs

an c

Ľ iıa ir m a r

p p o rt

su

an c

k

o

P r in

d fo

f bo

v e

h is

r

itin g w a s s o w h m H a ll o f In d ia (P ) L td w o

th e

th a t

o u r

,

b e lo

o u r an

o

th e

th a n k

to

e n c o u ra

In g p V a jr a v e lu a r d s m y e ffo r t

te

S a n n b a iıd a n

h is

r

r

d e r s t a n d in g to w

T S

r

e at

m

te fu l to D

gr a

am

w

M

fo

g r a titu d e

dee p

y

m

p re ss

ex

J a g a th r a k s h a g a n

S

r

is h

ber

n u m

c o n s id e r a

in

ı1

tio

e

by

e m

ber

m

,

I

re m

n

,

ith g r a titu d e I

C

o

IW a n

ex

lle g e ,

M

d fo

a

p

re ss m

o

f E

dra

r w r

s

y

g in

n

)

y

m

,

itin g

s in c e r e

F

a

en

d fo L

fa m ily

r

pro

a s tly m

e m

o

f

I

w

be

re a

r an

are

du

a

dra s

d

M

A

(F o r m

er

k s to D

w e

r

ll w is h e r fo

d to th is b o e

to

m

V

y

co

o

i P r in c ip a l, J e r u s a le m o f M e c h a n ic a l E n g g

e lu s w a m

fe s s o

P

ro

r

20 ye

,

r

ars

,

fo

r

h is

e n c o u ra

ge

m

,

e n t

k

lle a g u

e s a iıd s tu

d e n ts fo

r

th e s u g g e s tio

n s

d in g

p p r e c ia te th e p a tie n c e d u r in g th e w r itin g o f th is b o

is h to rs

to

o rew o r

S p e c ia l th m ık s an

g, M

e e r in m

th a n

an

a

o

d

u n

de

r s ta n

d in g

s

ACE

SU P P L E M E N T N E W P R O B L E M S in

T RD T ıU ￡ W

A t h is

,

ha s be e ilit io n

T H E D W e n

w n

by

m

y

k T J

P

ho

ex

p

a n

PR A RH U

O N

de d T J

to

in c lu d e

PRA B Æ

Scanned by CamScanner

1

SP U R

.

G EAR S

1 1 S p u r H e lic a l a n d b e v e l e a r s c o m e m t ı e r to o th e tt * o a r ln * g w h e e l m a k e a " s c re w w o rm a n d to o th e d g e a r ' d r iv e a n d c a n ı w an d n u t a s c re w i a r p 1 2 A d v a n ta g e s .

.

W

.

.

.

G

ear

o

f T

oo

th e d G

d r iv e s a r e w id e l y ls a u to m o b ile s m

an d

o rm

i* ı* ı v i* \ı ı ł

l łı*

e a r iı ı g

d in v a r io u s k in d a o f m c h in e lı m e ta l ı\ıttin a a te ń a l h a n d lin i ı li u t l e lı a m i e n m ı r » ï ıł n e n* m g q p , ı P o w e r p la ııts e tç , d u e to th e ir (a ) c o m a c t ı a y o u l (R e f T a h to ı I) (b ) hlh p e fric ie n c y , (c ) r e lia b ilit i o n i t r e d a o n an y lo (u n lik e th* o o lly n ıı p (d ) c o n a ta n t v e ı b e lt d r iv e s , th e re is n o s li th d ń e i v e i i s t s o v p e) p T a bı e 1 1 C o m p a r is o n o f T 5 k w D r lv e e m a c hin e ûo o

,

tı se

・

,

,

,

.

\

D r iv e

di

N2ıW #

in

'"t %

1 3 E ft ic ie n c y

T

1.4

.

T

ra n sm

itte d P o w

a

b le 1 2

er

th e d g e a r s tr a n s m it g r e a te s t o w e r G e a r r e d u c e r s in m a r in e tu r b ln e B p h a v e c a p a c ity u p to 5 0 , 0 0 0 k w In w o r n ı g e a r Č iv e th e c a a c it ie ı im ite d tc p y

T

o o

Io

ffic ie n c y )

e

T

a

ss

an

d

he n c e

lu w

bı e 1 3 .

里 团 团 1 5 P e r ip h e r a l V

e lo c

ĮH ł ļ

ity T a bı e 1 4

i

.

D

r iv e s

M

v eı o c EÐï n

ax

Ħ a t b e lts V b e lt

T

oo

w

ith

th e d g e a

m

25 s te e rs

l

w

ir e

50

co re

" łw d 15 0 18 0

(h e n c e fin d a p p lic a tio n s ţņ a

1 6 R e lia b ility .

.

A

be

u

to n ıo tiv

r e p la c e

d

e difrentials r u n m o n a th a n 16 0 0 0 0 k m b e fo T h is in d ic a te s th a t to o th e d e a r s h a v e lo n ife g g ı ,

re

th e y n e e d to

an

d

» 1«

W hly

Scanned by CamScanner

1 2

ï 1e lia

bı e sp e e d s

t h ig h e r N o is ie r o p e r * tio tı a 1 1) C o s t (R e f T a b le

1

2

i ns lm p o r tu ıt c o ııs id e r a t o

in

c h o o s in

g th e

m a te r ia

l fo

ge a

r

rs

]

im p o r tın t d e u s ııa lly t

w

r a a

m

n on

is e

co n ı p n »m

te r ia ls e ta lli m a m m a d e in s ı

be

se lı

tin g

th e

ı caı ee

d v a r io u s

con

ł he

flic tin

g

m m eM s

1 & 1 C a s t Ir o

L

ow

n

ity , M g h w e a r r e s is ta n c e a n d i b iı ń a l, h a s g o o d m a c h n a te n s ile s tr e n t o f lo w gh C I h a s th e d is a d v a n ta g e ıe n t p r o p e r ty

n a te cost ı

g o o d n o is e ・b a te n 1 & ı S *ee ls

y y n eat W e a r r e s is t hav e M ghe r sn g t h t t e t m n e a c a t r ls o be n h a a l e i a s w ith o u t s p e c C a r b o n o r a llo y s te e ı tre a t m e n t h u n t r e a n Į a te r ia ls m e e t t e r e q u ir e m e n t if th e s u r fa c e h a r c h e s s o f th e s e , o f th e a p p lic a tio n d in nig h t a ııd m e d itu ıı d u ty d ń v e s S te e ls w ith B H N < 3 5 o a r e u s e k b e fo r e th e te e th a r e c u t Ħn io n U s u a lly h e a t t n ıe ııt is g iv e n to th e b la n s ıa s to r u n fo r g re a te r i th a n th iıt o f g e a r , b e c a u s e p in o n ı s u r fa c e s h o u ld b e h a f d e r T h e d ifre r e n c e h ı h a r d n e s s s h o u ld b e a tle a s t 20 u ıııb e r o f c y c le s th a n \ ıı BH N č iv e s a n d a ls o w h e r e s te e ls w ith B H N > 3 5 o a r e u s e d in h e a v y d u ty A fte r c u ttin g th e te e th h e a t tr e a tm e n t is d o n e a n d e s s is r e q u ir e d ıı co m pac ı to p r o v id e a d fï e r e n c e in tc T h e r e is n o n ti g r o *m d to e lim in a te d is to r o n s e d g ea r s w la c e h a l ld lıe s s b e tw e e n p in io n a n e ith e r c a s tin g s fo r sin g s d i a m e te r a r e m a d e fr o m A U g e a r s o v e r 15 0 m m l t hea t d m e n ts G e a r s o f s iæ ın o r e th a n 5 0 0 m m in d ia n ıe te r a r e d iffic u t o o r w eł te e l W D e n C I o r s te e l c a s tin g s a f e u s e d fo r g e a r , p in io n is o f fo rg e d s tr e a t ic G e a r s 1 8 3 N o n M e ta lı an c e

s

u = ıl

u c

o

a ıL w

ıııı

,

.

A dv a n

N y lo n ta g e s 1

,

F ib r e

r e in

fo

rc e

Q u ie t o p e r a tio n 2 D

d p la s tic s (F R P ) am

p in g

o

f sh o c k

an

d

v

ib r a tio n 3

M

u fa c tu r in g a rı

心じ口口o 1ı ı y

D is a d v a n ta g e s 1 1 9 .

岗

.

1 9 ıT .

哨

.

L o w lo a d c a r r y in g in G e a r s

.

oo

ity

2

Low

he a t

co n

đu c tiv ity

th B r e a k a g e

Ħ ıe p e r io d ic a l e fre c t T o o th

S

c a pa c

Iia ilıłr e s

a ls o

o

f th is lo a d

m ay

b e fra c tu r e d b y a ° r y p e a k lo a d ) w h e n in «lu c e d s tre s s can

le a d to th e d e v e lo p ıııe «ıt c o n s id e r a b le lo t t tim sı e x c e e d s th e u ltim a b ĵ

ee

o

f fa tigu

e

lo ıd o ver

ngth

(F ig

Scanned by CamScanner

1 3

A LO N G

THE

LO A D

D IS T R 旧 U T IO N

PA TH

O F CO N T A C T F O R A P A IR

O F TE ETH

tl

a

T im

e

Tı tt 2 s ı iim e

)

fo

r

b ïf e

R

on e n

ga ge

e v o

lu t io n

m e n t

. .

。 . 一

一

。 、

。 。

1 9 2 S u r fa .

.

.

ce

F a ih ır e s

G

e ra e tı

lly

c a lle

d

w

r

习 旅 tin g u r e m e u r s d u e to m a tı S u r fa c e fa tig u e fa iı y re p e titio n s o f h ig h c o n ta c t s tr e s s e s (F ig 1 3 c) b ) A b r a s io n (F ig 1 3 d ) It is d u e to a b r a s io a o f le e ţ h s u r la c e s b y m e ta l p a r tic ı e s a n d fo r e i n g T h is w e a r w te a k e n s th e te e th d e c r m a te r ia l e n te r in g th e o o n ta c t z o ııe e a se s th e ir s e c tio n in c r e a s e s d ıe w o r k itıg s tr e s s e s a ıtd c a m s e s b r e a k in g o f th e te e ? ,

,

Scanned by CamScanner

ıı园 1 4

戸 F IG 1 3

F IG 1 3

F IG 1 3 b

o

G 13d F ı

c

F IG 1 3

e

F A IL U R E S

G EA R

/ S c o ń n g (F ig 1 3 e ) f th e lu b r ic a tin g o il r a p id ly r is e s a n d U n d e r h e a v y lo a d th e te m p e r a tu r e o d th e te e th e n g a g e e a c h A s a r e s u lt th e o il fıln ı b r e a k s a n its v is c o s ity fa lls i l s a r e to m a w a y fr o sn T h e n a s th e g e a r s r o ta te s o fte r p a r t c e o th e r s n u g iy s u r fa c e s h eth ı e a v in g s c o r e s a ııd s c r a tc e s o n d d ï iv e s fa il l h 1 9 3 0 e n d f iv e s fa il b w e a r a n d fr a c tu r e o f te e th w e r e a s c o s e c

) S e im

e

,

,

,

y p i i b t t ◆ n m g y p y 1 10 B e a m Sł r e iı g th C a lc u la tio n o s

s

.

d th a t th e to o th is a c u ıtile v e r w ith tip lo a d (F ig ı4 ) ]n It is a ls o a s s u m e d th a t o m 】 y th e a c tu a l c a s e m a x im iın ı lo a d o c c u r s in th e m iM le l h a A c tu a lly a s e c o n d p a ir w ill a ls o b e s h a r in g t e o d a s in g le p a ir ta k e s th e lo a d It is

R

Ft

a n

d

a s su m e

to F ig

e fe r

ra

d ia ıc o

B

en

B

en

d in g d in g

w

he

re

m

G

1 4

po n

m om

e iıt

en

F

ear

F th

=

t th e 2 (1 / 6 ) b t

=

base

(M

o

,

c'

b

-

d u lu s

o

f

,

M

u

2

ľ

-

t

-

F th o w

Đ

,

b

p.

66

pc

c í

b

,

-

_

2 [t / 6 h p . J b p c Đ b

d iv id e F ic

-

Pc

-

t

)

p a ilu r e H e n ce ,

1

,

e o1 in th e fo r m o f fr a c tu r ct t o f dire u s u a lı y th e e ffe c

b￠ =

a'

b

by p c

c ir c u

y b p c e 'b

,

s e c tio n

F,

or

(1 / 6 ) b t?

d a iı

ltip ly

bt

=

/Z

M

F g iv e s d ir e c t c o m p r e s s iv e s h e s s r L H s id e is c a u s e d b y te n s iı e s tr e s s c ' t i l i t v e s re s s s n e g e c te d c o m pr e s s

N

d in to ta n g e n ū a l c o m p o n e n t

,

t, M

s tr e s s a

Z

r e s o lv e

is

th r e e F n

la r

p itc h ļ i

ith in th e s q u a r e b r a c k e ts is k n o iw n a s fo r m fa c to r 四国 F o m ı fa c to r is a d lr ııe n s ia ıle s s q w ￠ ity If th e g e a r ıs en ce d im e n s io n s \ h a iıd p c w ill e a c h b e in e r e a s e q p a \o p o r tio a a te ı y H ŁE q o f y w ill i e m a in u n c h a n g ł T h e te

rm

w

,

醒园田

,

Scanned by CamScanner

1 6

F 1

r

ď

I op

t

i

IS 吲 哚 吲

B

en

D ir e n s

s

th

h

tr ・ s ı

c rz

s

Te

d in g

t

tre

c

t

c o m

p re

s s lv e

s s

iı e 島

}

G

Line a c

t io

o

f

e o r

P itc h

}

G

eo r

.

i

c lr c ı e

2

n

Scanned by CamScanner

T

T m

m o

d u le

B e n d in g S tr e s s [o 】 b T h e to o th b r e a k a g e is c a u s e d b y fa ti u e d u e to r e e a te d b e n d i n g g p T h e r e fo r e a llo w a b le s tre s s e s m u s t b e d e te rm in e d o n th e b a s is o f e n d u n m 1 13 D

e s ig n

s tr e s s e s

,

[o

b

]

cr

=

fo

1

fo

l ?

n

life fa c to

r

f

tio n

r o ta

tio n

in

o n e

(1

n

in b o th d ir e c tio

(1 2 )

n s

a te r ia

ı

S u r fa t

L ife F a c to r fo r B e n d in g , K bı

Y

K bl

ś 35 0

10 7 <

*

>

35 0

C a s t lr o n

If th e c a s e h a d r n e ss H B > 35 0 c o e ffic im t k i b ı s o b ta in e d fo r H B

«

10 7

Ųio 7 7

25

×

10

25

×

10 7 Y

d th e < 35 0

an

c o re

ha r d n

e ss

1N

0 7

*

n q « = i n r

1)

fiı le t s tr e s s c o *ıc e ııtr a ti o s fa c to r T a b le 1 7 , e n d u r a n c e lim it i 1 n r e v e rs e d b e d i n n g , T a b le 1 8 fa c to r o f s a fe t T b y , a le 1 9 .

S te e l

d ir e c tio

lim it

T a b le 1 6

,

T a bı e 1 6 M

r o ta

r

ce

H B

<

w 35 0

/N

,

th e

n

th e

Scanned by CamScanner

1 7

T M S le d

Ta

.

ast

hb

\ 7

h w la ı

ı lm

s u r li« ų

h a n h

se

S ır e s s C o ı o n

.

lis «x \

m \m w

.

S ïe« ł C

a

*

ţ \\ \ w

p a c tn r fo r F iı ı * ￠

1«ııï nıt

K

I 5

tth ų \

I2

ı t riw

stcls )

I 2

T a M «

18

E n du ra ï«

.

ia l

æ

L im it,

e

or

F o rged S

0 25

C a st s l s

C a s t lr o ıı ı w

*ie

u ltim a te

ar

u

s tn H ı s th

T M

ıite ria

ì L

ı

S te e l C

nst

e n a n u ı

m

tr o

e ıb ı

,

1 9

M

:-

w # w

w

ıD e s i g n C

o n

0 45

ar

,

e ta r

H

e ıt

T

ta c t S tn

es s

d lııg ı N /m

rse

d

ı

m

) + 50

s tr e s s

T

cm

p ç ro d ha n i

o r c

en

N /

,

m m

F a c to r o f S a f« y , n

t ın m t

2 5

t

n o rm a

2

n

lis e d

2 0

d

2 0

n e

2 5

d

lis «x l

2 0

[ a 'c ]

S u r fa c e s tr e q g th is p ro p o r tio n a l to th e s u r fa c e h a r h e s s b y m u ltip ly in g th e h a r d n e s s a llo w a b le c a ıt a c t s tre s s is o e d , o rs s u it ıb le c o e ffic ie n ts a n d life fs c ı

mw wn w R

ew

12 0

Ħ*

h e n t tr e a tm

o rm a

y

f S a fe ty ,

S u r fıc e h a ï d c

gw

ı

+ cr

in R

n ıit

) + 50

y

d y ie ı

y

o

F o rge d

ı

U

cr

o

en

+ Đ

+

u

N

N

.

(r

m n ı

T

of fa t t ıır e

0 35

2

N /

n

S ıc e ı

1

(Đ .

0 2 2 ((T .

sı ee ı s

o

E n d ıır a n c e u

1\

B

A llo y

o

.

h a n ıc m

K

.

T h e r e fo r e , be r b y n u n ı

,

C B

o r

C R

HB

o r

HRC

Ķ

l

co e

B r in e lıo

life fa c to

1 1 & In d u c e d C

on

T b e te e th

ta c t

a re

ffic ie n t d e p e n d in g

r,

r

R a c kw

o n

th e

s u r fa c e

ıh a r d n e s s eı

,

T a b le I 10

be r n u ııı

S ır e s s a

c o n s id e r e

d

a s tw o

c o n tıc t in

g

c

in d e yı

th e r ıd ii o f c u r v a tu r e

equ al y lĖıd e m a r e it h a s b e c o b ıs is o f tlıis a s s u ın p t io n p itc h p o in t O n f i v ı l e tı s t ig a ti«m s n ıg d ıe r e s u s o u si th e c o n b ıc t s u e s s I 6) in Č ic ıı w iııa e ķ (F ig c yı ,

.

ess

e 1 11 T a bł

to

c

h a rd n

T he

rs

f th e

o m o

ra

to o th

iM

e

po

f

c o n ta

ss

M

e

d i o f th e s e Ħ o file s a t to c a lc u la ł e ï eı ı gth o f

Scanned by CamScanner

1 8

T łıb ı e 1 10 C .

lo y s te e ı n n l ı \n y t y p o ı!!g h Strentlt A llt y N iėk c l C ı S tc e la tĦr in it ım A llo y S ıe e la C a rb o S te e ls

M

&

n

nn

Ļ

= A \

T

ıH

ıııı

ııu ıır

e iıb ı

M

u

ų

ı« u u

ıu

:lW

d

c C C

"

C

H

n

* u

u

B

-

2 5

R

-

31

R

-

28

R

・

22

R

-

26 5

R

-

23

n an

ic n e d & T e m p e r e d

J v

1 *

r

a

H R C

55

4 0 to

=

rd e n e d

c c

H B

=

H B

=

17 0 to 2 0 0

i

W

S '" f"

ıl n te r ił

(C

on

ta c t C

om

*

.

B

*

°

p r e s s iv e ) S tr e n g th , k d

a sļ Æ

'

H

2 0 0 to 2 6 0

ıJ

itc e b F ııc to r fb r S u r ı L iı

ı1 1

"

ce

H B ś 35o d re e m T e p H n n lc n c d iın d l H R C = 5 5 to 6 3 d « c C a ac H a r e n

S u r fa c e H łł= \

R

g ttn c a la

C 15 C 2 0 ; C 1 5 M C 2 0 M n 85 A llo y S te c ı ı, C a r b u ı S te c l» C 4 0 ; C 4 5

v

C

&

n

s u l fa

r e H tıï ı

ıı ť iıl T

Mł ı l\ı 'ił ı ı

C

o e M c le ııt«

L ife F a c to r

7 10

ś 35 0

h oŤ ï N

7

<

10

25

×

10

25

×

10

S te e l

>

0 5 85

7

350 <

7

m

IC a s t I

ro n

In d u c e d

h

c o n ta c

.

gear z

2

z l ve

s

-

0 74

r a tio

,

51

1 z2

/

z

n u m

f te e th

on

n um

be r

o

ť te e th

o n

d iN tłłn c

a rm u ı e

b e tw

ge a r p in io

tr g

,

fo

i Į : ı◆ À

/

r

sp u r

ge

(1 5)

a rs

rl

n

is to b e ee n

r m u la

ĹM , 1

l

o

ig n in th e fo

b y th e fo

en

E

be r

c e n tr e

a

t s tr e s s is g iv

th e

tı se

d fo

in p u t

an

r

in te m

d

o u tp u t s h a fts

a

ıg e a ń n g

į

W h e n d e s ig n in g s p e e d r e d u c e r (E e a r b o x ) c e n tr e F o r o th e r ty p e o f d r iv e s c e n t s d ilita n c e p r e fe r r e (Į c e n r e b e a p r e fe r r e d o n e fiw e w id th o f to o th in m m b

tr e

d

Ţ

-

ļ

Scanned by CamScanner

1 ,a

, ir c lp *

E

e

q u iv a le n t Y

S u f【 ix

[M

,

p in io n p in io n to q

1 fo

]

1 16 D

o u n

r

e s ig n

L

o a

d

L a

oa

,

u

g

'

s

m o

d u lu

s

(\ 6 )

-

E

l

S u ffix 2 fo r g e a r e (d e s ig n ) In N m .

+

Ez i

m

d

p p lie d

o ïı

e

to o tlı is n o t

unif»rmly

d is tń b u te d b«Cause

o

f

(a ) d e fo r m a tio n o f oo th d u e to to q u e (F ig 1 7 a & 1 7 h ) (h ) d e fle c tio n o f s h a ft (F ig 1 7 c ) (c ) lo c a tio n o f b e a r in g s a n d (d ) m is a lig n m e n t T h e a c tu a l ltx ıd is a l H e n c e a lo a d c o n c e n tra tio n fa c to r k (T a b le w a y s M g h e r th a iı th e n o m in a l v a lu e 1 14 ) is u s e d W W W ic l o a d in g in th e to o th (f ig ı8 ) is d u e to (a ) p m file e r r o rs H en ce e c tio n o f te e th u n tle r ltx ï d ıd (c ) d e fı a r p itc h e r r o r s a ı (F ig 1 9 ) (b ) c im c u ı T b l l 15 ) is u e d o a d fa c to r k to m o d ify lh e n o m in a ıa D r q u e d y ııa m ic ı d ( a e ,

,

,

,

,

w

h e re M

l

t

ko

W

a ) o m iŊı p in io n to n u e (n T a b le 1 ı3 s h o c k fa c to r lo a d fa c to r p r o d u c t o f k ,

r

an

d kd

Scanned by CamScanner

gh t S tr o ı

P l@ 1 7 0

'

M t

° n :￥ . e 1 7b pı

P IG 1 7 C

k :X 滬

F ıG 1 7 d

ı o c d i«»n

l g

a on

o

"

b y th ・ ￠B * e r in g

lh ・

w

id th

o

￠

h e ft Fı 17*

Fı G ı7 f

Scanned by CamScanner

ť

f

{

ı

\ F i

,

8

F

◆ 一

d

F

Fl

T o t a ıd y

S te

a

tr a

n s m

d y

In

c re m

d y

n a m

ic

ı o a d

d to

it te d e n

ic

Lo

n a m

q

t ı o a d a c

t io

to

u e r

Ff

F

d

a

īo

u e

d

to

u e

n

T im

e

ĝ ţ

L

:i

o u

o u

in e tı

t lin

e

C A L E R R O R IN T O O T H G 19 T YPı F ı

:O

I

UTL NE

Scanned by CamScanner

nt Y u iï a le E 2 1 q 1 e rı T aı

ou n

g

'

s

M

o

u s, E du ı

=

M it r id

1

S 【e e l

ro

oe

i ・. Mh i ..

Rj-o

f T

1/d

s

>

maīiai.,

u a'

uq

w

c t or , a b l e 1 . 3 S h o c k ıin

3

dļ

Be vel G o

f

k

1

=

d ia m

.

e te r o

le n g th

◆

K+ S urrm r fa c e h a

.

" 1

o

dr

..

h

A v e ra

ge

p iûc h

f th e

sha

ft

a

e a rs

.

G s b lq

É- X

f th e

or a

d i

.Ea st o

l

Tr

f be v e l

p in io

ı ı

J

a r

m

ra

tio

=iı m

黒 圈 圈 Scanned by CamScanner

1 13

v t y

ia e pd ch ı

1 ı7 ï n d ııt e d h c a « ile

y is fo

,

v

n .

dl

60

Bendg

e

av

l

S tr e s s ,

o

/B e c

m

10 0 0

×

b

m

b e n d h g « r e s s is c a lc tıł a re d a s s ım in g th e to lo qth to b e R f e ( p a r a IO ) T h e fo r m u la u s e d is i士 ı

v a

la c ło r ta k e n fi o

rı n

T

1 俎 幽 麟p

a

P \ lo c e d 曜

m

T a l»ı e I 16

bı e 1 ß

re

a

tip lo a d e d

.

D y ııa m ıic ıo a d F a c to r , k d r

初r S ı m

r

岛国

rs

in s t to o th b r e a k a g e th e g s h o u ld h a v e a d e q u a te b e a n ı i in g a to r q u e s h o u ld b e le s s i ì h d tt w t b t s s e ı r a n s m l i e incluoed en n g s t e T o h a v e a s a tis fa c to r y life th e g e a r s h o u ld h a v e w e a r tı m ? p e m ıis s ib ı e v a h ıe i e , in d u c e d c o n ta c t s tr re ó s s h o u ld b e le s s th a n th e p e r m is s ib le v a lu e ce r e s is tııı be an ı a n d w e a r r e s is m c e a r e th e tw o em In a ıy g ta r d e s ig n W r e q B if e m e ı tls to b e ın e t T

gu a rd \

o

,

,

,

,

,

T a bı e ıM z

j

y

į

Fo m

ı

F a c to r l y z

歹

35

0 4 52

12

0

14

03

0

40

0 46 5

16

0 3 55

45

0 471

18

om

50

0 4 77

20

0 389

60

0 4 90

22

0 4a z

80

0 4 99

24

0 4 14

10 D

0 50 5

26

0 427

15 0

0 5 15

28

0 4 34

30 0

0 52 1

30

0 4 4 {》

必以 太

0 550

Scanned by CamScanner

1 14

T he te e tlı o f p in io n T h is m a y c a q u ic k e r w

ie s s o m l pr \ p o ıs e « s m e c h a n ic a a tin g g e a r s t ia ı T a bı e 1 17 G e a r M a e r

(p in io ıı) ı l o f ib e

m a t e r ia

le s th a n ? o s e o f g e a r d e qg o m rD t e n u m b e r o f c y c to o th g iv e s le s s e r b e a m T h e s h a p e o f p in im ear

un

m

th a n

ha t M ghe r

e w

th e

.

G

p h ıio tı C o r e h a r d n e s s s h o u ld C 4 5 ıu r fa c c h a r d e n e d to a b o u t 50 R C dn e ss o f (F o r B H N > 3 5 0 th e h a r b e ]￠ıı t h a n 3 5 0 B H N R o c k w e ll l a e l a c d s th e m a te ń a l h m e a s u r e d o n th c R o c k w 10 ) N H B t l o a u C h a rd n c ıı o f 1 b e in g a p p r o x im a te ly e q 55 R C , A n d y ılc e l, 4 0 N i2 C r łM o z ￡ S u r fa c e h a r d e n e d to ￠* ı th a n 3 5 0 B H N c o n e h a r d n e ıı iı ı

a)

,

b)

íc l X

'

"

r

R

r*

t\

i

ear

Sam e 1 C a s t Ir o n g ra d e 2 5

\

o r sa m

e

-

e

d e 30

. "

th a n 3 5 0 B H N

C u e h a r d e n in g a y ıtæ l, 15 N i2 C r l M o 1 c a s e h a r d n e s s Ì a s th a n 3 5 0 B H N 5 3 R C , c o r e h a riin e l l B 】 C a ıe h a r d e n in g lo w c a r b o n ıtæ l C ı4

N

e /c a s t

sa m

d)

ir o C

n

a st

Ir o n

o te

æ b , e m ic h in g th e s u r fa c e w ith h a r d e n in g is d o n e to lo w c a r b o n s ı C o r e w ill n o t b e h a r d e n e d C a s e h a r d n e s s o f 6 3 R C c a n b e o b c a rbo n la in e d S u r fa c e h a f d e n in g (R a m e h a r d en iıg o r in d ııc tio n h a r d e n in g ) is e b) to T o a v o id h a r d ĺ x ıin g th e c o r e (to r e ta in S t e w ith M g h e r c a c o n t e to W n e s s o f c o r e ) o n ly th e s u r fa c e is h a rd e n e d W n t n s u r f a c e a r g s te e ls w ith h ig h e r c a c) c m te n t , w e lim it th e h a r o f th e s u r fa c e to 5 5 R C 8 o ı h a t th e to ıg b n e s s o f th e c o r e is n o t a fre c te d d) A fte r ı h r o u g h h a r d e n in g , te ın p e r in g s m d b e fo ı lo w e d to iJm p a r t to u g h n e s s b th e c o r e In th is p r o u x ĺ s , th e s u r fa c e h a r d m e s s a c h ie v e d e a r ı ie r (s a y 6 3 R C ) w ill b e r e d u c e d to a b o u t 5 5 R C e) C 14 (c a ee h a r d e n e d ) i8 r a r e in u s e b e c a u s e o f lo w g s t r If th e m a te r ia ls fo r b o ı h p in io n a n d g e a r a r e s a m e i i n o n a im e is p , d e s ig n e d b e c a m e in io ıı is w e a k e r th a n f I d iffe r m t m a te r ia ls a r e W p gea r s ' e d fır s t a n d th e n b o th in io n a n d p g a r a re c he c ke d

i

C

a re

,

,

ī g

, 门 甾 黟昭 m

ゐ

3 4

.

吕 皿ı e

C a lc u la te E , [ c ' ] & b In iı ia u y 8 s ó ıM le k K

5

[ Č . ] (fo r d

=

1 3

m a te r ia

l

i e s

F o r ı k lo a d in c o n d iı io rıs , a s s ı]m e a s ıï ita b b g 6 C o m ite d ￠§ e ig n to r u e q , l ) = 4o k k M d t 7 C « l]c u la te c e « re a , a s s u m in , g V a

ż

V

=

b

o

ro

łı )

r ıtio

roa d

74

l EM

,

Ref TČ .

v a lu e

fo

r

e

ı 18 )

ko

]

f g e a r w id th to c e iıtr e d is ta n r a q g e f ro m ı 0 . t o I . . o

ce

=

b /a

,

v a r ie s

w

iıb ia

Scanned by CamScanner

1 15

h t th e

is

ear

t a g ns F o r th e s a m e c e n tr e d is ta n c e lo w e r v a lu e s o f q ı m e a , w id th t h a t s fa c e w id th a n d it is n o t r ig id ; M g h e r v a lu e s o f v m e a n , o f s n ıa lle r t n o n n n ifo r m B u t in c f e a s e d w id th m a y le a d o is la r g e r a n d th e g e a r is r ig id H ig h e r v a lu e s c u f a te d is tr ib u tio tı o f lo a d H e n c e , th e d r iv e s h o u ld b e m o r e a c d fo r n ıo r e p r e c is e a n d r ig id d ń v e s G a b le ı 19 ) a te a s su m e

T a bı e 1 18 G

a te r ia ls a n

M

d T h e ir P r o p e r tie s

CĘStjgs

G r av ļ

2

ear

IS G

ra

de 25

2 2 0 2 80

19 7 2 4 1

IS G

ra

de 30

2 7 0 3 10

2 0 7 T 24 1

H ie h T ç s s il￡ C a s t Ște e l 3

C S 65

4

C S 85

"

{3;

C S 10 5

5

650

19 0

7 10

850

24 8

870

10 5 0

3 11

C 14 , C 1 5

2 40

3 7 0 4 90

7

C 45

3 60

6 3 0 720

540

7 0 0 850

60 0

80 0 950

&

40 C

8

r

.j

1

15 N i2 C

r

T

a

H

229

l

4 0 N i2 C r 1 M

10

IM

in

m

e e s

70 0 9

in

m

13 7

6

A lim

in

m

S tæ ls

a rbo n

C

40 0

o

1 M

o

28

o

8 80

1 10 0

10 0 0

12 0 0

13 0 0

15 5 0

13 5 0

3 4 1 40 1

￠"

in

m

W id th to C

f g e a r tr a

tr e D is ta n

en

4 44

n s n ıis s io n

r

Jıi

t O p e n typ e g e a r in g d S p e e d r e d u c e r s (c lo s e typ e ) 2 5 . /s a ) H ig h s p e e d 8 to

/

1 c

b

i

J

iı

Ê

ıı

l￠ ť rrļ :

4 Ļ rw

Y

Tf

ll

b

in

m

)

R a tio

ce

ı:

,

V

0 .3

e!

&

T

i3

°

b/ a

-

l

ī Æ ņł

0 1 to 0 3

UFT

.

,

3 1 1 3 6 3 . Iıj

12 5 0

1 0 40

ļ5

b le 1 B

T ype

255 3 11

10 5 0

900

'

j

Į

:B

r

V,

N ￠(

ı 国国画四下

M

o re :

F o r lig h t

w

A

d

m e d iu m

d u ty b ś d

h e a v y d u ty b ś 1 5 d r h e iė b fa c e w id th a n d d l

Fo

8

an

ıe s s tn ı

i

u n

z

C

口'

l

z

l

(b e r

17 fo

r

o

f tlı

o n

2 0 P fu ll d e p th

" し

马

BW

Ţ

H M

rs v

«t İ 3 d

,

:į

.

r

,

z

乙

,

p in io n d ia m

p in io n

T

e te r

p

ł"

M

9 t b

/

\

ĵ

Ę

t

)

te ııı to

av o

id in te r fe r e n

ce

/

d e r c u ttin g 14

fo

r

2 0°

s tu

b te e th

Scanned by CamScanner

1 1e

zl

9

2 3 2 fo r 14

Caı c u la te M

.

e r

A

le

n

h fu ll d e p t

￥ ・

) ı

2 0 / (z l +

d a rd m s ta lı

. ı c ho se l U

is

e o du ı

s ta n d a r d e ı2o T a bı

,

.

m ı )

e s (n M o du ı

.

d u le h e s ta n d a rd m o R e v is e a m in g ı n d r , p itc h li te r o f th e p in io n d im

1o

pih sho u

ld iß

be

a c c u ra c y

ı ow e ı2 1 A ı T abı

a

e bı

C o m p u te fa c e i e v e lo c ty

Ľ X

M d th) b

,

,

Peripral

S pe ed

o

fG

ears

.

Sp e ed

P

ï S q u ıllty

o

f g e a r s in

,

H

"

4

A bo

6

8

T a bı e 1 2 2 Q u a lity .

Q

u a

lty ď ı

3 &

4

5 &

6

im

of

G

15

v e

p to 9 u p to 6 u

15

u

1 8

8

e a r s a iıd

p to 3

u 卫!o

璽 业主

匝团团

/s

a 1

cy '

m

T h e ir A p p lic a tio n

2

s

ı M

c ıs u r in

g in s tr u m

tn

ta

M

a c h in e

to o ls ,

M

e a s u r in

ll

M

n c r ic ı

g In s tr u m

«n ts

,

,

7

,

8 &

10 &

围

9 12

e m l

F m ds

u se

in

a lm o ıt a

ac ı tı

￠x ıu i p m E M U n ÆH E l E T E I Ða

&convcyi?8

Scanned by甲CamScanner デ

Scanned by CamScanner

1 \ı

ic d r fo « n * b e o f ııı o pı ııd ı Thb « y ı u o u s oo r q u e ı o r e o o tiı S o n ı* i e ıl ıt a tłeıi* ııed ı o f fıilw * s

e p p itw *ı

.

o

口

◆

e ıı » ı

砥

=

in d ııc e d

=

0 ı团团】= ı ı

m

io e h

ı ıc t s M as s c ılc ū co【 ı

b ıa d

fo

r ı

2M

fo

r

f to o th th is ty p e

o

.

(I 1 2 )

ıx

ıs

p er E qm

加晶eね國o號u s t旧 拥 ın

b【 ) « lu e

1 5

tio n

t,

30

p e r io d le s s ıb m if

(ın o ı» e ııw y p e a k b ıd ) la s w

w to « ı

(ı Ą

is

P e n ııi e e i b b

・

oe d ch e c ı

a ïe

g

i幻口 臼由中曜回国台 ıP日

ı ı m » x iı ı ı

=

(O e

S

.

ım ı »ıx ir n ı «ı : Ĥ 目 M s9 Mむ1a自es sS d u e 协 o m ı ı « 式 iı d u ho e d t口v 図« 闌

=æ

島買 宝 田ı

.

o

=

o r c r u s h in

t ı x 】

h

sı n es

ae c o o

d«

ow n

\

ific a lly 1 24)

(T

læ %

ı ı = s

O

b

o

b

目 目x

o

=

b

\

iııd m

=

S

e

d b 日日d iw

(1 13 )

ı=

s b e ıı

b e n d in g

=

[

【o b h

dw

ı n ııiın 园m

ı c ıı eı ı ııa d =

e be ı d ia B d b e a ı p e r ıa is s ib ı

=

协

(T

iııs自四班国M

腻如ı s

自 om

\ıe

p e r E q ıııă o ıı 1 8 1 2 51

T ıb ı e 1 25 »ı a k d d

H ıń b N

o

b eıt tr e ıt m

« ı

[aı»=

t e ıı

0 8 .

H B ś 35 0

r

ııl .

.

i n ı￠» e

lır N

a » ııı=

ic G

w

o

・

N ln

«

t

y

s

Scanned by CamScanner

1 1穆

T

a

b le 1

D M

e s ig n

B

d ln s S tr e s s fo

en

N

r

a te r ia l

c x to

V

uı cm

is e d fib re a g

50 rs

36

旧

B a ke ı ite

◆

=

u

物

l, fo

ra

u ltim a te

7

ah a te r ı

p

P la s tic s

In g e n e

M

2 lo bt N /ıï ıııı

lite

T

o n m « a llı c

r n o n m e ta s tr e n

llic

m a te r ia ls ,

g tlı o f m a te

[a b ]

`

=

/n

.

,

w

ı e re ı

ńal t S y s te

į

(F ig

n s

1 10 )

.

.

b e r te e th to a v o i«l in te r fe re n c e lı 3 2 a n d h e n c e m in im u m n u m b e r o f te e th r e q u ir e d is o n l F u r th e r , b e c a o f i c y 17 n r e a s e d p r e s s u re a n g le th o te e th b e c o m e b r o a d e r a t th e r o o t a d h ° n e n c e s tr o n e r T h 0 2 b t h e i s u k x )t s s u b je c t g to a s t ilım ıa lle r in te r fe r e n c e b e c a u s e o f s h o r te r a d d e n d u S tu b t h a r e m c o n s id e ra b ly s tr o n e r th a n fiū ıd e p th te e th g b e c a u s e o f s m a lle r m o m e n t a r m o f th e b e n d in g fo r c e P r o d u c tio n c o s t is le s s fo r s tu b s s te m b e c a tı ta ı se , ı o8= m y , is c u t a w a y S in c e s m a lle r n u m b e r o f te e th (14 ) is p e r m itte d to a v o id in te r fe r e ııc e , th e d r iv e b e c o m e s m o r e c o m pac t syt

te r fe r e n c e

l

lm u i ı ın u m

is

re d u c e d

.

,

,

,

u

lıd e p th

S td o

lu t e

S tu b o

th

S O N O F TO O T H Fı G 1 10 C O M p A R ı S H A P ES

1 2 3 D e s ig n o f In te r n a l G e a r s (A p p e n d ix - 5 ) 1 U s e n e g a tiv e s ig n iīıth e d e s ig n fo r m u la s fo ı9 ) a n d a (E q n 2

C

Probı em

e n tr e

d is ta iıc e

a

-

m

f r `

.

(E q n

1 5 ) , c ' (E q n b

1 8)

m

2

1 1

T w o s p u r g e a f s a r e to b e u s e d fo r a ro ċ k c r u s h e r d r iv e a n d a r e to lo w in g r e q iılre m e n ts G e a r s a r e to b e ile s ig n e d fo r th e fo ı o f m in im u m s iz e a r v e lo c ity P o w e r to b e tr a n s m itte d 1 8 k w , s p e e d o f p in io n 12 0 0 rp m , a n g u ı ° h A t t b a s s u m e a r e s t a re m a d e o f c a s e s u g r a tio 3 5 : 1 to o th p r o file 2 0 , h a r d e n e d a llo y s te e l D e s ig n th e d r iv e B o th g e a r s a r e m a d e o f s a m e m a te r ia l H e n c e d e ġ ig n o n ly th e p in io n ,

,

Scanned by CamScanner

1

o i i# 15 N 12 C r ıM l ı J m r ı ı l o ı m ı h y m l H N a ı: c ı» M ııte r ı tb a tı 3 5 0 B ĥ ・r d n * ıı le ı* d re o c C 5 R n a 5 ß » Į e n h an ca ao

.

;

A

,

2 l

-

(A

ssu m e

?

1

n

10 4o N /m

11o n

ŕ

,

L ife

(fo r

d life N

10

.

[? . ]

CR

=

Por

Po

7

×

.

A

s su m e

×

2

d

\

-

e te e

ly ) .

ı )

h a r d n e ıa 6 3 R C

ßte e

4 84 N

-

2

m 业处

l) s te e

l)

×

12 00

ha r d n

14 4

=

10

7

c

35 0 B H N

>

e ae

×

y c le s

h a rd n

c o re

,

e es

,

1

×

×

4 84

2 8 2 3 N /m

1 2

2

nı

a llo

e u r fa c e

s te e ıC

y

28

-

R

h a r d ıtie s 8 >

35 0 B H N

an

K ,- 0 5 85 ￠ 2 8 × 5 5 × 0 5 85

(T a b le

1 10 )

IM t】 1 5 =

eaı cu ı ı*e

.

d

-

(T a b le 1 1 1)

,

.

13

.

90 1 N / m

-

m

2 .

(in itia lly )

1 5 fo r

po w

( P in io n

・

1 4)

m e d iu m

s ho c k

(r o c k

cn ı ab e r

)

(T a b le (

=

To

(E q n

7

zn n

7

350 B H N

<

(T a b le 1 6 )

K cl

ith

10

on

10 4 0 + 12 0

×

=

,

,

60

×

h a rde n e d

T he r e fo r e [c r ] , D e s ig n to r q u e 4 A s su m e k k

5

.

(s iv e n )

H RC

25

c a ee

ha r d e n e d

case

14

r s te e l w

.

T a b le 1 12 )

1 6

K bl ・ 1

,

c a se

N

.

s u r fa c e

l,

r s te e

fo r

ha r d e n e d

2 0 , 0 00

=

T h e re fo r e , [? b ] .

3c

1

(fo r a llo y

0 35

°

12 0 0 rp m

-

2

m

r c a se

12

=

l

Fo

re

2 (fo

=

.

direccion

one

12 0

+

cr

.

T h e re fo

in

ro ta tio n

0 35

=

-

U

(E q n

2

m

1 4 K bl Đ 1 n Ko

l b] =

?

an

,

,

f 2 0 , 0 0 0 h ra

o

0 5 N /m ı

×

,

cr

.

life

um e a

E

3b

.

St r e«e s

e n lp n

D

A a *u m e b T ( a b 1 17 )

×

e

.

1 7)

er

to r q u e

I3

1 13 )

×

)

=

8 000 2n

14 3 2 4

*

×

×

60

12 0 0

280 N

・

14 3 2 4 N

an

m

Į

,

Scanned by CamScanner

1 2 1

2 I

105

×

[9 0 1]

3 5

2 80 0 0 0

×

,

0 3

×

V A

8

ssu m e

Z2

z

l

iz l - 3 5

-

C a lc u la te

9

p in io

-

16

×

be r n un ı

° 16 , fo r 2 0

-

s tu

10

R

.

e v is e

5,

-

夕

(T a b le 1 2 0 ) \ı

¡!

(z l

=

s y s te m

(s ta n d a r d )

a

m a

m

b

56

-

16 + 5 6

A do pt

(a s s u m e d )

0 3

d u le

o

m

to o th

n

-

+ z 2

)

5 (1 6

-

2

5 6)

+

180

-

2

m

n ı

×

12 0 0

O b ta irı,

b

y

=

dl

a z

m

-

-

0 3

×

18 0

5

×

16

=

l

7c

p itlc h lin an

d V p

velity

e

Ę

-

-

54

=

80

=

dl

n

n ı

m

l

7o ×

80

60

×

5

.

.

60

10 0 0

m

/s e c

10 0 0

×

0 6 75

-

.

.

b e a r in g s

r

m

-

1 ı A s s u m e IS q u a lit y 8 g e a 12 0 b ta in n e w v a lu e s o f k Fo

m

c lo s e

to

rs

(T a b le

an

d kd

1 2 1 ), fo an

Jpitc h lin

v e

e

ı o c ity 5

l, V p

-

0 8

,

k

1 06

=

(T a b le F o r c y lin d r ic a l g e a r s IS q u a lity 8 p in io n s u r fa c e h a r d n e s s > 1 4 w e ge t k se c (T a b le 1 15 ) a n d p itc h lin e v e lo c ity 8 n ı d 1 5 × 1 0 6 × 1 4 × 1 4 3 2 = 3 18 8 5 N n ı M k K [M ] = k

1 14 )

35 0 B H N

,

,

ls

m

r e v is e

e tr ic a sym n ı

a ııd

ge a rs

d

f

-

,

t

13

d

o

T

c i

tw

-

b

(F o m ◆

o

d ıe in d u

a te c a lc u ı

o

y

t

ı fa c to r

'

tJ

fo

0 35 5 / 0 8

-

=

b

-

.

-

6 6 5 N /m

0 74

。7 4

m

18 0 z

r

l

d

s tr e s s e s

×

5

16

,

ce

-

54

×

y

-

×

w

0 4 44

(T a b le

0 3 55

1 16 ) F

o r

s tu

q

ı

ıı

b to o th

O

)

,

0 4 4 3 7)

=

?

l+ l 1

V

<

li l

a

\

=

2 82 3 N / m

E

M ı

[c íb ]

니\

・

m

2

(E q n

・,

.

1 5)

.

■ "

iw

is

w

t is fa c ta r y

Scanned by CamScanner

1

1 2 2

ı4

c le a r a n c e

B o tto m

.

T

th d ë p th h

oo

T ip d ia m

c

1 9

=

m

d l a

e te r

0 3

=

R

M

oot

d ia m

e te r

l 5

=

9 5m

=

n ı

(z 2

-

0 8

=

fo

,

T

s tu

r

b to

28 8

-

th )

o

m m

dn

=

(z ,

2 )m

2c

-

69

d f2

-

(z 2

2 )m

2c

-

269

s h a fts

w o

30 0

u

a pa rt

m

m

M ın m

m

ittin g 7 4 6 k w a r e to b e c o n n le c te d b ì T h e v e lo c ity r a tio o f th e ? i gear ° A s s u m in g 2 0 in v o lu te to o th p r o file

a n sm

l p in io ıı m e s h in g w ith a c a s t ir o n is 3 1 a n d th e p in io n r u n s a t 6 0 0 r p n ı d e s ie 吐 吐ıe ? iv e ı S d e c tio n o f ın a te r ia l s te e

P in io

d

an

G

2

n ın ı

1 2

o b le m

a

88

-

24)m

+

(T a b le 1 2 3 )

n u n

(z l + 2 ) m

-

( d* 2

m

C 14

n

z

l

25

-

,

ifie d

spe c

-

iz

(2

×

z2

2 a / (z ı+ Z2) =

-

(T a b le

：飞

Đ s ta iıc e is

c e n tr e

ssu m e

m

e ss

h a r d e n e d to 5 5 R C 350 B H N <

1 17 )

C I g ra d e 3 0

e ar

A

h a fd n

c o fe

S iııc e th e

ca se

3

=

l

×

d ir e c tly p r o c e e d to 25 = 75

o

,

3 0 0 ) / (2 5 + 7 5 ) = 6 m

3 D ifle r e n t m a te r ia ls a f e u s e d fo r th e p in io n a n d c h e c k th e g e a r 及 C a k u la ä 心目 o f p e n ııis s ib ı e s tr e s s e s A s s ıim e a life o f 1 0 0 0 0 h o ï ır s T h e re fo r e N o o f c y c læ N = 10 0 0 0 A s s ım ıe u n id if ìe c tio n a l o e r a tio n p 1 4 K ūŁ

an

d gear

×

60

b ta in th e

m

o

d u le

.

m

D

s

ig n th e p in io

n

fin st

,

,

w

bı

o

n

1 4

×

1

=

×

2

1 2

×

222 5

i

v

,

i

īr i

n

O

Fo

C

E

H RC R

1

-

2

=

Fo

=

6no

.

ąK

1n

v

7

I

:

(T J 【

×

-

0 25

C 14

r

35 0 B H N )

<

(T a b le 1 6 )

(c a s e h a r d e n e d )

fo r g e d

r

1

(C o r e

s te e

(C i. o

,

-

u

(f a b le

1 9)

(T a b le

t 8)

,

l

+ O

y

)+ 50

4 5 0 N /m

m

?

(T a b le 1 1 8 )

u ,

=

22

55

×

*

T0 8 N Tm

m

×

:

0 5 85 2

A

C G -

s

=

22 .

=

c ı

0 5 85

ł

i (T

ir a

es

p

bı e 1 in

Scanned by CamScanner

1 訪

5

D n

.

*n r q a e

ĺ M t】- k n k k d M

螞 K A

p in im

-

V

r* u m e

T h e r e fo d

t

z

=

re

lm

/

。

600

。 。。

=

d)

e

0 3

y

a

=

×

6

・

=

25

=

Po

r

V

-

一

l

Vp

(

15 0

30 0

=

90

m

ı

n ıı n

-

V

r

ー

0 6 ,

4 7

-

=

，

k

,

1 03

-

v e lo c

e

/￥

m

h a r 1

リ心

书心

p itc b lim

[M J .

b

リ ノ ıı

ー

n ı r Ta c e

6

2 tr

0 3

=

,

iぴ ダ 6 0

,

一

90

Yp

Po

7 妫

\

1 (a * * » m

=

o

t 7)

fE w

t

ity

fo

,

ı4

×

)r

10 0 0

/

1 19

・

,

kd

15 0

U

,

Q tıa ıiıy 8

350 B H N

>

1 03

60 IS

r

t￠ dy

=

=

17 1 ó N

600 .

60 an

»

/

w

10 0 0

/

(T

a

4 7

m

bı e 1 14 ) /

w

i&

lJ 4

(Tıılıe

ı ı ı

d 自ı C aı io ıı 创「h d ııt e d 创蚋圈圈邮 eı i+ 1 O

-

b

m

(W

tm J

+ 0 7 1 300

×

6

×

6

90

×

10 P

×

For

0 42 1

y

=

z ł=

25

0 42 ı

1 吕)

,

(T ıb le 1 16 ) .

a te d lo r 2 5 {i・ltarp o ł

(W

區 =

2 0 6 N /m

d po

E

7

.

1 ı5 i

汇冶鬮曜酝 白r

lo . 1 - m

m

«

io n e e łp iıı

ıd aı

・

,

« td

￠ıŁ

ar

(o

・

>

2 8 0 N /m

U

a

tj ,

e ï 12 1 (T ıb ı

.

lfy .

W

.

de X )

，

36 -

l￠ P

x

C tp

田 白e ıı

C ıł đ l ı* d c d a* ı b q ı し白 如 刀園 虹对 邝 A IĻ*

1 7

1 5)

d

< r

飪뼈 自)

×

" ı

.

12

・

dT ı

c

ı* yc ı

Scanned by CamScanner

K

=

bl

◆

0 45

a

1

(T a b le

cr

.

0

. 5 ×29 0 «

T.

ł

n

2

=

fo

K 1 4

K bı Owhe Ko

X

"

hoe ı

n

×

=

2

×

Đ

13 0 5

=

tr

c w

heel

=

(b e c a u s e ?

5 7 8 N /m

・

1 2

bl y l ×

b2

=

-

(a ssu m

2 30

e

d

)

2 3

(T a b le

1 10 )

c

,

heel<

c w

o'

p in io

2 0 5 N /n u ıı2

=

n

c o n ta c t a r e a

is

sa n ı e

349 N [C r. 】 w he e l -

)

&

/m

d in g S tr e s s

en

c'

1 2

ta c t s

on

10

(T a b le 1 9 ) (T a b le 1 ? )

c e d S tr e s s e s

o

O

. 8)

1

Ca

B

1

30

2

=

H B

c

ade

Ta b l e

(

3 4 9 N /n ım 2

=

In d u

9 0N/ m

Cï w

r

n

[? b lw

1 8)

.

ı3 0 5 N /m

=

(T a b le 1 6 )

0 76

=

=

-

<

-

0'

b2

0 42 1

=

y2

Đ

c'

b2

he el

-

T h e d e s ig n pobleın ı3

in d u c e d

-

0 497

x

o

5 7 8 N /ın ın o

f p in io

W

s tr e s s

in th e p in io n

8 5 6 N /n ın ı2

[c 'b ]w

bl

n

b2

2

y2 an

d \

-

iııd u c e d b

-

0 4 9 ? fo

is

r

d in aı

z2

-

in th e

s tre s s

g

7S

w

he e l

(T a b le

1 16 )

8 kw

p in ta

s a t is fa c to r y

.

◆ s p ee d

764

c u la te a s tra

rp m

ig h t s p u r e a r d i r ve g T r a n s m itte d o p S p e e d r a tio = 2 T h e g e a m a r e to b

b e 10 0 0 0 h o u rs Since th e g e a r s a r e o f ls

to

e

.

sa m e

m aı e r ia

l,

w e

C 4 5 s u r fa c e h a r d e n e d to 5 5 RC C o re h a r d n e s s < 35 0 B H N O 7 2 0 N /m m ? . C r - 360 N lm ın ? y

d e s ig n

on

w er

ın a

de

ly th e p in io

o

f C 45

L

n

,

T

18 )

*e 1 ( a bby Scanned CamScanner

1 25

2

.

C

1口 b ]

a lc u la

tio

1 4 K br =

立鯊

o

n

q

f d e s ig n

s tr e ss e s

cr

(q

0 25

-

1

0 25

N

10 0 0 0

=

4 5 84

=

,

1

-

C R H R C fL c l

=

23

=

×

55

7 4 0 N /m

-

×

(E W

1 4)

2

c'

y

) + 50 3 6

(7 2 0

+

60

×

764

c

y c le

10

×

C R

7

=

H R C

Ķcl

-

R

e v is e

m

-

4

s ta n

da r d

2

,

E

55

_

2 1

1 10 )

(T a b le

23

d

=

ı6 )

(T a b le

×

ł

10

\}t

,

r ß

j

5

ļ

(T a b le

1 1 1)

(E q n

1 9)

2

N /m

iıı

IZ

佷和尚 切

Z

m

ım

s

A

A do pt

1 8)

3 2 0 N /n

=

)

0 585

)不労 1

6ı n

æa b ıe

'

:J B Æ

3

50

+

中

1

-

1 1)

(c o r e h a r d rıe s s

0 5 85

n ı

×

+

35 0 B H N

<

[? , ]

(E q n

ı

(E q n 岛

ssu m e

2

-

iz 1

z -

l

2

-

×

・

1 10 )

兰

2 0 20

=

4 0

1 2 6) e (T a b ı

a

Scanned by CamScanner

1 20

T he

r e fo r e

b

,

Ħ tc h

c ir c le

b /dt

-

T ħe r e fo

re

kd

,

[M t] .

Caı c u la tio n O

=

b

-

-

60

l 3

×

m

10 0

×

5 8 N /m

a

m

4

×

×

4

80

-

m m

(T ıb l・ I 14 )

1

・

76 ?

,

.

3 2

/ı

m

000 ı

×

(T I b le 1 II )

(fo r IS q w lity 8 )

,

130 N

・

m

teı ıe ı ı ıı

y 12 0

×

20

-

by

a m

[

k

,

80

60

10 0 0

×

ri n d

o

lm

o

n x

l

×

m

=

1 3

l

=

36

»

f p in io n = d ı" e r e fo r e ı 0 4 5 , tı

d ia

ily

=

0 3

×

36 /0 0

v eı o c

Ħtc h lin e

6

20 ı

=

36

×

m

lo

2

<

×

o 74

-

63 1 3 N / m

T b e d e s ig n i8 P h obı 1 4 em

m

(T ・

2 0 te e th

1 16 ) ,

0 38 9

[o b ]

?

r

b 1 19 5 N /m

=

イX

\

=

fo

0 3 89

-

<

2 l

.

[o c ]

×

10 5

13 0

×

×

10 P

7 4 0 N /n ı

=

s a fis ta c to r y

.

D

e s ig n a p a ir o f e p u r g e a r s w ith 3 4 0 m m (a p p r o x im a te l y ) P o w e r to b e p in io '"ı = 7 2 o , Sredı łctiomratio (b ) 4 0 C r l I M a te r ia l C 14 c a s e h a r d e n e d I o

(T a o le 沁 Đ s i\ ◆

2

.

-

d

Đ

ss u m e

N

I

=

life ・

(S a m

i o

O

0 25

Đ

,

(Đ . ×

()

55 R C

u se d

,

C o re h a r d n e w

fo r p in io n

an

<

d g eaf

24 0 N /ııu n 2

-

+ o

60

×

=

35 0 B H N p in io n

y

)+ 50

720

1 2

.

0 2 5 (4 3 0 .

+

24 0 ) + 5 0

・

2 17 5 N /m ,

°

86 4

×

a lo u

,

(E q n

k b ı- 1

Ķtr

-

aı x

(T a b le 1 1 8 )

1

20 ,0 00 ho u r s

2 0 , 0 00

y

lb

.

f d e s ig n e M e a

=

=

e m a te r ia

4 3 0 N /m

C a lc u ı a tio n

[o b ]

A

.

I 17 )

th e fo ı lo w in g d a ta C e n tre d in ta n c e ・ tr a n * m itte d = 7 7 2 8 k w , R p M o f du 5 1 M a tm l to b e ıııe d a c 14

,

m

I 1) ,

?

10 7 c y c ı e ı

(T a b le

ı6 ) ,

Scanned b le CamScanner 1 7) (T a by

1 27

CR

22

-

55

×

0 5 85

×

K

,

-

22

(T a b le 1 10 )

-

0 5 85

(T a b le 1 1 1 )

7 0 8 N /m m 2 H RC Centne D is ta n c e c a lc u la tio n A p p r o x im a te c e n tre d is ta n c e is g iv e n A s s u m e z l - 19 Z 2 - iz t - 5 × 19 = 9 5 6, T a k in g m o d u le rs

3

*

=

55

-

(z l + 4

C a lc u la tio n Đ

-

b

o

7 72 80

M

f in d u

×

60

dl

z

=

l m

d

342

.

n ım

s tr e ss

10 2 5 5 N

=

x

ce

9 5 )6

+

.

E j =

2 7r

(19

[M t]

by

am

2 )m

Z

.

(E q n

1 8)

(T a b le

1 15 )

u

ı

l

m

7 20 19

=

6

×

1 14

=

m

m

1r V

60

V

b

V

=

kd k

(a s s u m

0 3

-

a

1 1

=

0 3

-

×

e

×

34 2

(İ o r V p

10 0 0

d) 10 3

=

-

-

n ım

8 gea

(IS q u a lity

1 4

-

60

10 0 0

×

TÑ

rs

.

) U

y

l

[M t]

=

-

k l

M

Kkd

o

×

=

b

1 I× 1 4 × 1 0 2 5 5

.

9

-

342

×

6

3

-

0 74

10 3

×

1 14 9 N lm

-

cr

(5

m

2

<

×

×

(E q n

H

1

t

y

■

ıT

)

H ! !H

0

Đ

a u ıų

-

×

1 03

0 3 8 3 fo

=

r

3

15 7 9 3× 10 N 19 te e th

:

m

m

1 7)

(T a b le

1 16 )

(E q n

1 5)

10 ?

0 3 83

[c 'b ]

=

1 2 6 9 N /n

ım

2

9 f1f

T

:

a

ke E

=

2 I

×

10 5 N /m

m

2

Scanned by CamScanner

0 74

=

8 2 4 N /m

-

p r o b ab v

V

\

(2 I

? ] 【 .

>

×

7 0 8 N /ın

=

1 0 5) x 1 5 7 9 3 m

×

10 4

量 着

2

s a tis fa c to r y

f A H w S te d 4 0 C r l S ıc e h a t d e ııe d & » 55 R C o

haess

< 35 0 B H N

K bl

(T a b le

1

=

(c o r e h a r d n

4 1 n 屋 ど

1

[N

=

1 8 2 N /m

=

{O J

C

=

=

23

=

7 4 0 N /m

< o

n

×

55

-

th e v a lu

2 ı ı ı

S in c e dbe 阳 刷 白阳 路 »

.

h

c

sı r en

g th

l

Cx

=

ı ot ı

m

?

ħa v o

e

e

K

c

re

=

du

ce

(T a b le

1 10 )

(T a b le

1 1 1)

Ł

55

0 5 85

-

ir e d w e a r ı r eqı

th e

f b to

l

23

r e s is ta n c e

th e in d ı 】 c e d c o n ta c t

s tr e s s

b ıio a

IQ 5 0 N Tm

ı ııı ı ıa e d

Ł

1 5

H R C

tr e a r e

so

×

0 5 85

In

S ıa l a c e h a .

×

d oes

e

r

4 87 5

×

d n g

d e q u a te K

e r ia l a iı

«

)

?

M

4 0 C r l is ?

)

a

8 2 4 N fm

-

c

1

×

2 5

H RC

a

1 4

1

350 B H N

=

aı e r ia ıg iv e s a

M

A*a

or

<

e ss

1. 6)

(c i.

ıg h o ı

rc h ıe s s

fo

r

cone

ha rde n e d 55 R C

=

h a r Eb

c o re

,

ess

an

C

o

d æm p e re d r e h a rd n e s s >

ı e ss n

(T a b le

1 17 )

(T a o le

I 1 8)

35 0 B H N

35 0 B H N

b￠ b a n b ıe s s is g r e a te r ı h a iıı 3 5 o B H N , a M g b e r ? u h a s to e rū o h c o re h a rd n m w iı c i Is ıı * in m e m e d b y s ıï .

罗 b y 10 %

.

o

ı

=

I 1 5 S N /ıÐa a

2

Scanned by CamScanner

29

þ 1

0 35

-

12 0

+

cr

.

0 35

=

1 1 5 5 + 12 0

×

n

8

1 4 L

bJ

n

t?

1 4

1

×

350 B H N

>

e ss

>

c'

b

[c r. ]

524 25

K

2 5

or

×

1 1 4 9 N /n

-

CR H RC

=

26 5

K

55

×

=

8 5 2 6 N /m

m

>

cr

-

c

2

ım

1

ssu m

(E q n

1 4)

(T a b le

1 10 )

(T a b le

1 1 1)

1)

(s a tis fa c to ry )

l

26 5

-

×

0 5 85

c

l

0 585

-

2

8 2 4 N /m

-

.

K

55

=

m

? (s a tis fa c to r y )

1 5

M

P o w e r 15 0 0 0 k w P in io n s p e e d 4 5 0 r p m W neel d is ta n c e s h o u ld b e le s s th a n 1 5 m D e s ig ıı a p a ir e a life o f 10 , 0 0 0 h o u r s

tr e

1

1 5

H R C

en

w qn

-

CR

C A

)

1 3 6 6 N /n a m ?

=

P r o b le

(T a b le 1 8 )

(T a b le 1 9 )

h a rdn

0 7

×

2 m

2 5

=

(c o r e "

5 2 4 2 S N /m

=

S e le c tio n

o

f M

a te r ia

sp e e d o

f

80

s p tır

印m gea

rs

ķ

4 0 N i2 C r l M o 2 8 s u r fa c e h a r d e n e d to 5 5 R C a n d c o S a m e m a te r ia l is u s e d fo r b o th p in io n a n a w n e e i a iıa BH N is d e s ig n e d

re

.

ha rdn

nen ce

p

<

e ss t ru o n

35 0 a lo n e

.

T ake

2.

?

2 5 0 N /m ı

-

.

C aı cu ı a tio n

ı

m

2

fa s

o r d e s ig n

h a rd n

c o re

st

r le s

se s

s s

is le s

fm r

Ł

s

y

M

ł￠i -

1 4

×

1

×

C

R

1 ı8 )

!

×

HR C

X

10

×

7

60 c

×

yc

K bl-

1

(◆

h a r d ııe s s <

re

4 50

le ś

t

§

Ë ￡\ j< î

・

ıį iį \ąî

(f a b le

&ļ 4v l 6)

350 B H N ) .

=

2 5

27

557 5

-

=

a b le

(T a b le 1 7 ) 10 0 0 0

?

[o . ]

% jÈT

Ţ

H N )ų

1 5

=

tu b J

th a n 3 5 0 B

s

-

Z U ￥ N / m ıır

ı5

K

cl

(E q n

ı4 )

Scanned by CamScanner

1 30

Cs 23

=

,

o

15 0 0 0

2x z1 2

2

×

ıe =

60

z lm

iz r

5 625

=

=

×

=

5 6 25

18

0ı ı

=

= O ıın ıe ı

18

×

p llc h E ı» T￠d a l ı

«

25

=

×

22

ve ı oc

ity

1r ×

4 50

4 SD

*

O l6 ı

.

ı 0 (D

do

0 00 ı

=

b = 审* 《 0 3 × ı 4 8 瓮5 0 4 4 6 0 T? b - 4 50 vp

k

-

\

-

国 =

L

=

4 5 5 1

/ı

r = 0 3 妇 flı

目 回 国 目 心)

ı

-

\ =

ı 】5 》

ı

リヘ

画石叫

$U N

> >

.

4) I ı e {T ıb ı

如期 心 i ー b

36 , 4 0

n

,

14

・

Th

'

21

.

I I

«

\

ł8

°

25

.

4 5 0

.

Q

=

,

ı8

=

-

=

1 7)

4 50

x

T ık e M = 2 5 ıtıın [L a r ￠e ıiz e ￠o o db R e c ılç ııı e 四 ıı

d ı=

3 18 4 7 ıN

.

i s 4 50 / 80 z2

1 Iı )

ıņ

0? ı

×

=

e ıa M ı

V

(īr b ıe

0 585

-

(E

Ą A

55

=

p lJ

-

b

l

e ￠iı* ıe e l

im ıı

C ık d

HR C

0 5 85

×

74 1 N /

=

3

55

×

e ıT (T b b ı q

23

-

ー

ı 0 ł/ ほ

=

5 6ı

二 二25

w ı ı ı ・r

=

ı 4们 5

U

Obł

ー

ı

y

a aı*ı W

4舞

.

-

Iw

・

囂

0 m

0 3 77

t

r

It

-

ıl

iT

ıb

ı ı ı* } e

Scanned by CamScanner

1 3 1

1 5)

(E q n T ake E 0 7 4 {5 6 1 园圃 14 8 7 5

-

1 7 3 5 N /n ıın 2

t*

-

2 1

×

l

+

[c r. ]

> >

ı0 5 N /m

n

2

m

2 1

×

ı0

5 61

×

4 50

×

×

49

10

×

7

7 4 1 N /n ım 2

=

; T r ia l 2 T

r ea t

to th is

d u c e th e in d u c e d s tr e s s e s i ıı c r e a s e th e , as a \ 翊 c a s e a n d ta k e b _ 1 12 5 m m re

b /dt k

1 25

=

IM , ]

c'

v a lu e

ax

l

1 25

×

×

)

14

×

3 18

,

ı4 8 7 5

2 3 3 5 N /】ıım 2

471

=

557

(5 6 1 + ı) (5 5 7

.

by

a m

-

f fa c e

[c 'b ]

>

w

id th . b

2 5

=

(i + 1) [M t]

=

b

(m

o

k o k Ķd

=

=

be a m

1 12 5 / 4 5 0

=

vaı ue

=

×

25

×

2 0 8 N /n

ı 14 )

(E q n

1 7)

n

10 6 )

×

1 12 5 ım

10 3 M

×

(T a b le

0 377

×

2

T h e d e s ig n is n o t s a tis fa c to r y e v e nı a R e r s tr e n g th a s w e ll a s w e a r r e s is ta n c e a r e n

c ha n o

g in g b to 1 1 2 5

m aı ı

t

T r ia l 3 U

se

C

a se

m a te

ń a l 15 N i2 C r ı M

h a r d e n e d to 6 3 R C ◆

.

Ko

o

u ıd

ıã c o re

h a f d ııe s s <

3 5D B H N

(T a b le 1 ı7 )

2 10 4 0 N /n ım

-

=

(T a b le

1 2

K b ı- 1 n

a

(了a b le

1 6)

( T a b le 1 9 )

2 ı4

" þı.

1 18 )

×

l

×

4 84 =

2

×

ł2

n m łö J N ıı

o

b

-

J

J

iw

ı= u n ľ

Scanned by CamScanner

\ 3Z n (B tł

[? . ]

}l

CR H RC

=

63

0 5 85

=

31

-

1 1 4 2 5 N /m

×

CR

×

n

.

HRC

2

ı [Đ . ]

th a n is m a r g iı» lı y g r e a te r ? . t r th a n e in d u c e d tr e s s e s 1o % g r e a e

E q u iv a le n t N

e

t

c a se

n 2

T1

-

0 Ito

T2

-

0 5t

T3

-

o

re

80 0 rp n ×

ļ

a te

(E q n

u rs

-

3459 6 ho

u rs

0 5 M t1

-

M T 【

.

m

s

u rs

4 324 5 h o

M tż

86 4 9 h o

=

=

p

-

80 0

l M t 3

a ıx *

86 4 9

-

+

0 IM t I

(0 5 M

M t

+

(U

=

6 75

s

rm

[ ×

3 ll

10

öu u

X

7

X

3439

t

3

V

.

80 0

*

4 324 5

0

c y c le s

C

'

,

1 1 1)

ı

0 25

.

864 9 ho

-

en

q

i

r .

b le (V a lu e s o l a c c e p b M e in w u

ıc c e p ta

f c y c le s ,

-

p

40 p

0

,

'

fo

n 3

=

A ls o g iv

T h e r e fo

it is v a lu e s

,

10 3 , 8 0 0

-

p

o

pe r m

ı ı0 )

.

IIEMĘ

lrı th is

=

o

h

.

e I 1 1) (T * b ı

0 585

d is s ib ae

ın

e

ı4 )

63

=

n iT i

-

q

n l

be r

nu m

-

(T ・N

31

.

ı' " e d '"lue

an

d is

u se d

fo

r

d e s ig n in g th e x iw

p o b ıe m 1 7 .

a

n on

r e v e r s ib le

ty p e r o llin g

m ill d ń v e 24 a g e a r is d e s ir e d to n m l i h t lo w in g m a n n e r (1 ) 1 10 4 k w e fo ı ıo u r s p e r d a y transmitting p o w e r n d 6 0 0 i t w 3 f 6 5 k s 4 e o c n l m 1 s e s l 2 o r a d a y (3 ) 5 8 8 8 k w ı o rm a y ( ) m a x im u m d t f t 4 0 d ll iı o t l s a c k o n a a o a a t e a T m i ) h l f f e th e W \ e o momenrr p p i ae N e em ı to b e IO y e a r s D e ￠

In

,

,

,

q

Scanned by CamScanner

13 3

4 5 16

M t,

M t2

2x

x

40

2x

x

40

=

s ec

6 0 0 §\

X

60

Tz n

N

l

24

-

n

=

For

a =

p

e r io

10

×

a x ia

)

W

w »

￠

0 5b

=

ņ* r

u r

rp m

[M

t

.

i

T

I

ı o78 6

20 8 1 2

d

(H

m

ay

23 5 bo

-

n ı

60

×

[

=

o

40

-

2

=

.

-

N

0 5

60

o w

263 7 N

.

-

,

10 7 & 6 N

-

3

T

60

×

-

M

+

3

n

4o

.

T 2j

2

o 5

*

263

+

.

23 5

4o

,

y c le s ld a y

c

f IO y e a r s , 36 0 × 20 8 1 2 # 7 5 o

×

d6 ı

c

e* yc ı

te

i)

a x in ıu m

M

M t, 2)

M

sı ı s ta in e

10 7 8 6 N

=

o n ıe ııta r y

M

\

k

ıı

×

to qq u

60

-

40

x

e

r

d e s ig

n

m

i￡

ħr

a

liĖ

o

f7 5 .

x

e i pcı

c

.

,

ı4 0 6 4 N

-

2n

o r c r u s h in

P Fobı u

n

pe ak

5 888 ea

d to r q u e , ı is u s e d fo

,

u óe

d lø c b e c k p ı a i fic d e b

ia ıı n na￠

g

1 8

P r o b le m

I 3 is

s o lv e

d by

d iffe

a

re n

t

In th e N ıe th o d fo llo w e d in th e p r e v io u s p r o b ļ e ım i, c e « r e d i« a n c e a idi la te d fir s t b a s e d o n th e s u r fa c e s tr e n g th o f th e g e a r tc o f b q n ı9 ) S u b s e q u e n tly m o d u le is o b ta in e d u s in g fo m ıu h , m - 2 ů / (z + z ) l 2 In th is p r o b ı e m , n ıo d u le is c a lc u la te d fir s t, b a s e d ￠x l ł Je a m iteııgh a n d la te r , c e n tr e d is ta n c e a is c a lc u la te d a s Q - (z + 2 2 ) m /2 t c a lc u

,

.

.

,

B

o

th

n e c e s s a r ily v a lu e s

th e

m

v e r ify

W h a te v

er

e w m

d in ıe n s io n s o f a g e a in d u c e d s tf e s s e s

lid , b e c a u s e , in th e e n d h a v e ıo h e th e r in d u c e d s tr e s s e s a r e le s s th a n th e p e m ıi« ijb ı e l l i h d h t i o t n w e lı w se a w e a r r v e a t a re e o y p re e r , w h ic h h a v e to b e a c c e p te d o n ly a fte r c h e c k in g d ı

th o d s

a re

v a

,

b e c a ￡e # , if tĺ u r fa c e T h e fir s t m e th o d is p r e fe r r e d , b e c a u s e , irı m o s t o f ı is a u to m a tic a ı ly s tr e n g th be a m s tr ea ıw r e q u ir e m e n t is m e t, r\ i æ ì h i ł ı ī e q u r e m e « is s a tis fie d W h e r e m , in th e s e c o ııd m e th o d , w h e n b e a m ı r e łıg a y N o t b e s a tis lie d m e t, a t tim e s th e s u r fa c e s tr e n g th r e q u i r e n ı , M o du ı ￠ + e c a lc u la tio n ,

ÄjĘĝ

=

ı y [c rb ] V

tį

m

Z

Ļ

f

l ,

ji ' .

İ

& F】 '

ţ Tį ĝ

r

ł$ 3 łn v r l ť ť ) } ry

J tj

v

A

ĺ

'

ţ

.

=s u m

￠į Lt t t

Y

e

łf

q ı.

N ţ ı -

b/ m

ļ -

10

Scanned by CamScanner

1 3 ż l 26

0 3 89

3 03

1 19 5

×

3

10

zl

IO

×

20

=

20

×

[ ] ? b

m m

-

0 3 89

1 19 5 N /m

=

[n ]

y

=

13 0

×

10

3

2

n ı

N

m n ı

1 3)

(p r o b le m

.

门

叫 徨

7【 -

v

-

60

Fo

M

r

th is p itc h

n

Kk đ

\

=

Č

b

-

M

Tlbe d e s ig iı is

ity ,

l

1 03

×

sm

Xjr [ 8 0 3 N /m

-

v e lo c

×

丘

10 0 0

×

lir ıe

=

th e in d u c e d

e c k

60

10 0 0

×

꼲

Ķd

1 3

1 3

-

×

10 0

13 3 9 N

=

ヘ

m

弾

se s

]

(2 + =

t

10 5

2

n ı <

[Č b ]

×

13 3 9

x

3 5

×

35

×

1 19 5 N /m

=

×

10 4

0 3 89 m

2

tis fa c to r y

sa

iv e n in th e s o lu tio n h T ħe p r e s e n t d e s i\ s e e m s to b e b e tte r th a iıt e o nıe g ith 12 5 m m , d 1 3 , s in c e th e c e n tr e d is ta n c e is 1 0 5 m m a s c o m p a r e w o f p r o b le m H o w e v e r , w e h a v e to n o te th e p o in t th a t le a d in g ijo a c o m p a c t d e s ig n

l v a lıie e , in d u c e d s tr e s s e s in th e p r e v io u s c a s e a r e w e ll b e lo w th e p e f m is s ib e is ju s t e q u a l to th e p e r m is s ib le w h e r e a s in tM s c a s e , in d u c e d c o n ta c t s tr e s s i T h e r e fo r e , w e m a y c o n c lu d e , th a t th e fıf s t m e th o d g iv e s a s a fe r s o lu t m v a lu e A g a in , w e s tr e s s th e p o in t th a t fo r a r r iv in g a t p r e lim in a r y d i i o s f h e c a n e v e ıı m a k e s o m e w ild G u e s s iıı a d e s ig n e r c a lı c h o o s e a n y m e th o d BUĻ b e r o f tæ th w ith o ııt u s in g a n y fo rm u la c h o o s in g ttæ m o d u le a n d th e n u n ı th e c h e c k fo t in d u c e d s tr e s s e s s h o u ld b e c a rf ie d o u t ,

1 24 D ,

.

es

of

ig n

If th e

K

r

G

ea rs

ity F a c to r ia b iı W ith R e ı

bility in T a b le 1 2 7

g iv e n Pem

ts a f e a s k e d

r e q u ir e m m

r e lia

,

c a iı

be

is s ib le ı

be n

w

P e r m is s ib le

con

ta c t s tr e s s

u sed

s tr e s s

-

-

to

m o

d ify

d

in th e d e s ig

[Č b ]

an

d

n

,

'

re

lia b ility fa c to r

Į a rj

[Č b ] / K , [Č . ] /

Scanned by CamScanner

1 38

T

a

bk

.

G

l d

K

)

ia b iE ty (% R eł

ıD e s i g n o f

R e lia b ility P * c to r ,

ı2 7

I

,

50

10

90

ı 115

95

1 15 2

99

ıZ Z8

99 99

1 424

e a rs

Id le r g e a r s * æ k ) a d e d in b o th th e d ir e c tio n s d u r in g (F ig A 3 e u ıd F ig 1 1 1) h , th e lo a d in g is c o m p le te ly \

eac

h

c y c le o

r e v e rs e

f r o ta tio ıı ,

d

ĝl 帄

召

F

3

日口

o

Lı\ı

し 固

T im

터

*

=

e

F

上 ïd ı e r geo Fı G

T h e r e fo

fe

1 11

LO A D

E qn

1 2 ha

r

F L U CT U A Tı ON

s

to b e u s e d fo f

c a lc u la

tin g th e p e r m is s ib le b e

n

d in g

s tr e s s

be

u

Id le r s d o se d

n o

t tf a n s m it to r q u e

F o f d e s ig n

in g

th e id ļ e

r

to o th , E q n 7 1

c an

Scanned by CamScanner

ı Ad

c f g e a r d r iv e s

ge s o

da v ał

2

D

is a d v a ıd a g e $

3

G

e ar m a w

b ig b

co st

d

a llo

s te e ls

v e M gb s b o u ld b a ııa i r ia ls ı

s tr m

bt o

G

e a ir

10

6

D is a d v

7

A r G

8

蛀o n

N o is ie r \

ıc a rbo n a i】 s pı ia ı d FR P ı ı aı N y lo ı ız e ı

o

A d v a 《a ge s

5

ta a ı

c a 【r y in

ı o ad

w

f a r e b du e

,

y

g th

to

a

c apac

g

an

\

ge a rs

n o lı

Lo

ge s

an

-

f

n s ta n t

m

of w

eałnıen\ itb o u t h e a t

趙o n

\ d lo

an

)

th b r e a k a g e b )

to o

c ast

ta n c e w e a r f e s is

d

t

ity

ith

w

d a m p in g

,

du c ı co ı

he a t

w

o a d in g fa tig u e 】

d m to o th is s u b je c te

ea r

d

an

,

,

r am

b

4

b la y o u t h ig

ia b ility ł ffM j e n c y re

iĮ m

ity

ve

c

pac t

o m

e

sh o c k

f

an

d

tiv ity

p ia in g

fa ilu r e s

s u r fa c e

o

a

,

b r a s iw

» e iz ım e

F

ı￡ w is

9

y

L

-

f« lo r

is fo m

ew

y tp . Č b

-

,

ıg lc a n d th e aı

,

be r

m im

d im

a

o

D\

e s s q u a n tity io n ı

em

A

tm rs ı

le h ı d e r iv in g w i s e q n a tio m a ) p tio n s m a 4 o ad i o f tæ d ı ta k e s th e e n tir e 】 o a d b ) o n ly o n e p a r tip ı

ı1

D

ıb e n e s ig ı

G

ıto a d

c o tr e c

«be fa c e

D yn

ity

o

f

Kandkd

ı6

M in im

o

o

tı se

a re

her

\

p iııio

e

If th e

k

r,

to

d

acco un

a re

d to

m

o

f te e th

d ifjr dbe

S tu b to o th s tr o n

20

G

ge r

e a rs

o

an

ha s

sho u

>

】 d be

f

d ia n ıe te r g e a r s

o

d is ta

f

ı n a te r ia

ı ce

3) M

l

a lo n

g

p itc h

e rr o rs

d a iı

,

1 7 to

av o

id in te r fe r e n

ce

an

d

c a lc u

e te r

c L iv e

S pr o

la tio

adde n w

du m

ill b e

m

m m c as

com

are

ly oı ı

o

c

th e p in io n i8 d e s i n e d g

he c k s

fo r h e lic a l

d Č de n du m

n u n e

th a iı 15 0

d u c e d fro

a p p lic a b 】 e

an

n

d u le

sam e

sbo rt r

ar e

f to o th ı o ad

f p e r n ıis s ib ı e s 8 8 e s o c a lc u la tio ı ı k n iD w jn g (o r a s s u m in ) g 4 ) C h e c k irıg in d u c e d b e n d in g a n d c o n ta c t s tr e s s e s

c e n tr e

fo r b o th p in io n a n d g e a r d iffe r e n t p in io n i8 d e s ig n e d a n d

d g e ar

f d ia m

d e s ig n

in a ıto r q u e no n ı

o lı p in io n

p in io n a n d g e a r T h is p r o c e d u re is a ll to o th e d g e a r s ) 19

o

la r c ir c rı

d a iı

t fo t p rro ftle

,

th e m i a l s

d a te r ia l a i】

ó a d in g 】

o r u n e v e iı d is tr ib u tio n to o c o o u n t ￡

1) S e 】 e c tio n

io ıı o a in a ł

is

sho ck

t fo r

ith

to o th is a c a iıtile v e t w

ear

ïı

o

d u 【e

m a te r ia l

th e p r e s s t « e

t o o

to o tb n u m b e r

n

o n

p « »b liełııs

ım d e r c u g

e s ig n

a cc o u n

f Č

p e r a tio

m ïm

tm

2 ) D e te n

18

io

o

tio ıı fa c to r , k

id th

w

15

d aı ı

k

,

ic lo a d fa c to

am

v eb c

D

ly

i it o f th e m d in g s u e s s is b a s e d o n th e e n d ıČ a n c e l m d s o f th e n ıa te r ia L ta c t M ìe s s is b a s e d o n s Č a c e h a r n e s

S h o c k fa c to r

17

o n

f te e d ı

ı0

con

ds

n

ar e

an

id

c an r e

o u

t fo

d be v e l ge ar s

th a n th e standard t o

o

r

a ls o

th

H

If

b o th

(fo t e a ıc e

pa c t ı n ac

M

n ed

tin g s , fo r g in g s

fro n a i ıd

ı a s o lid b l a r ge r fa b r ic a te d b la n k s

Scanned by CamScanner

2

II E L IC A L

G EA R S L

Į

l

Į īir

! j

Į!

u ￠

2 1 0 n e p ti m e d is a d v a n ta e o f g , s p u r g e a n i is th a t th e ir in itia l c o n ta c t u o n m e s h p in g is a lin e ç «m ta c t Htaı ı taneous lin e c o n ta c t p r o d u c e s s h o c k e ffe c t w h ic h r e s u its in tt t lu e e d lo a d c a a i p c ty ł\n tl n o is y o p e r a tio n T h e p ro b le n ı is a ı ie v ia te d \ ť h c \\ h e lic a l e a r s a r e g u s e d b e c a u s e th e i iti l n a c o n ta c t is a i h i t h b o n w c eco m es p a lin e u r in c r e a s in g le n g th a s c o n ta c t c o n tin u e s 2 2 A d is « tı v « n h ıg e a s s o c ia te d w ith h e lic a l e a r s is e d th n g ru s t in a d d itio n to ta ıı i \ d t c n a u \ r a d ia l lo a d s g W h e ıı h e lic a l e a r s o f o i g p p o s te h a n d s a re m o u n te d in l» ıitx o n a s h a R o r w h e n h e r r in b o n e e a r s a re u s e d g g e n d th r u s ts a r e b a la iıc e d (F ig 2 Id ) 2 3 W n e n h e lic a ı e a r s a r e u s e d to c o n n e c t g p a r a lle l s h a fķ , th e y m u s t b e o f o p p t r s ite h łu t d s (F ig 2 Ia ) W ħe n m o u n te d o n n o n p a ra lle l s h a fts (c r o s s e d h e lic a ı g e a r s ) Th e g e a rs m a v h e o f s a m e o t o x »s ite h a d F i n 2 b pl I 2 Ic ) c r o s s e d ( g h e lic tt l g a t s a te e s s e n tia ll y n o n « n v e lo p in g w o r m g e a r s T h e te e th h a v e p o in t c o n t« c t w ith e a c h o th e r F o t th is r e a s o n th e w ill c a r r o n l v y y y e r y s m a ll lo a d s a n d h e n c e th e y a re fo r in s tr u m e n ta l a p p lic a tio n s a n d n o t fo r tr a n s m is s io n of ĺ x ħM e r .

.

・

.

.

,

.

,

F IG

F IG

2 4 H

e lic a

l\ ￥$lj\ Pt

2 1b

l G

PA RA LLE L

C R O SS E D

N

ea r

2 1Q

o m e n c la

H E L ıC A L G E A R S

tr a n s v e r s e

=

i

"

ns t an c e

b

c ır c u

e t we

te e th m e a s u r e n

rr

\

-

W

u

ıI

L

la

￠

'

p la

a

W

n

í

įq

' 'l

n e

/ C O S

rs

a n

f ï n f

:

,

'

n

d 2 5 4 0 ° fo ïr

ĝ

!

1:

i ng

P /

$

￠ u

\

: J

・

,

r

f= u h

i .

« ï

djacent

p o i nt s o n a p e r p e ııd ic u la r to Đ

c o r res po n d

d in =

h e lic a l g e a

r

p itc h

r

en

ıI

(ĺ ig 2 2 )

h ir e

He ı ix a n g le (8 2 5 ° fo h e r r in g b o n e g e a r s )

.

H E Lı CA L G EA RS

sha

i+ .

b N 佷

三 て芗汀 风色

ft a x iģ

'

V

" r l

)

Scanned by CamScanner

2 2

pı =

łc ir c ıb

ı ı o f=

d i* b = b » eı

«

◆

a e ım

x nı

e ea

re

d iı

ıh

R

h /

=

P

自回国

図

» o

目o

pn

in

・

e

« «

a

P

d ık

=

x

m

e u ı pı

oı »

dt

=

d2

-

Q

=

E

-

ta n a

in ū

am pł

e

«

itı th e tr a m in db e

e

co ı

a

f

ï 1o la t io n

al

n o rm

e rse

ıı o rm

o

e

p la n

l pı aı ı e

p iıc b d ia ııe ıe r

o f «b e

ıo

'

ıı ag s

m o

(F ig 2 2 b )

e

(U y 2 0 P )

(2 4 ) o

d is ta n

加心 如

to

P

p iıc *

Cæ ￠ re

=

1 ıo th e

(2 3 )

(F i￠ 2 2 b ) =

l= r

P

/ sn i

.

d b 紐 沁 自e p 加国旧

de

an

-

u

d【 iıc e n t ı o th e h e lix a

(2 2 )

p. / *

=

-

\

o n

a

ıx iı

M « n eı

=

鼻V

%

P e

a e ıa » = r e d

-

￥

・

p o iM p e rp e iıd ic

P

»

=

=ı

c o n e ıp o ı rd irı g

ıp i* b

ı= =

=

p ıa

-

.

Pı

b e tw

c￠

p iıc b

r

ce

_

f th e

(M

.

d ııh ıs

piı ioı ı

ı. / CO

=

r

/

b

_

co s

b

(M

=

.

/

co s

P ) [(z l + ce

w

z

2)

P) Z ,

(2

5)

P) z 2

(2

6)

/ 2】

(2

7)

S

id th

B

イ

A

x

(a ) G

il

d

ro o v e

r

te

P ￠ ￠i 2 I c

M

.

lıe rıa m ￠ Z

e

q

-

z

be r /

co a

e

o u s

th

F l 6 2 1d

V * ı a a l o r Fo r m W e d ir s e c t a

obı a in

(b ) C o n t in u

o

3

tıtin e n ı m ıb e r

ge a r by f te e th

p

on

o

f T e e th (F l 2 3 g ) an e per pı d i rı c u la r to th e t w o o th .

a

th is im a in g

a ry

c ir c le

.

o

f

r a d iu s

\

as

H

a v in

n

l

g

,

2 8) Scanned(by CamScanner

2 3

ic a l g e a r s ĺ o r he ı 2 6 H e lic a l g e a r s s h o u ld h a v e m ・

n

1 7 G .

ear

F

z

a re a

to

avo

ifie d b y \ d a r d v a lu e sm

id in te r fe n o m ia l

re n c e m o

d u le

de rcu a h g a n d n o r m a ıp r e s s u

u n

re

an

g le

(F 2 4 )

o

fr o E lin ıiııa tin g F . fo llo w in g f o r m u l N o

17

q

e

rm

a

n ı

th e

'

p r e s s io n s

ex

0 , E.

Vrcï tD .» '

F

î

t ..

l

a n

H

e

lic

l g

o

e a r

ge

o m

e

e gı

tr y

F ı G 2 2o

S

e c

t io

n

A A

F IG 2 2 b

Scanned by CamScanner

2 4

x ia

A

l fo

rc e

F.

-

-

F t ta n

p

F t ta n

a

(2 ta n a

R a d ia l fo

F,

=

fc e

-

Ę=

-

2M

h e re F t

w

2 8 D .

.

Fo rm

e s ig n

ta n g e n tia l fo

-

rc e

-

(2

)

10)

t

T

u la s

:Dn!,・ ' "

E

a o

9

.

į"

(2

土n

In

口" Đ

b

yv

-

=

0 7

f

-

rm

Pı u s fo

r

a

(2 13 )

[M t]

bw

,

fa c to e x te m

r,

a

o

b ta in e d fo

ıa n d M in

u s

r

v

fo

ir tu a l r

n u m

be r

o

f te e th

internal te e th

e

p la

n e

o

f

(n

Fı G 2 3 G EAR

PŁ TCH

o r m

a

ıp la

C Y U N D ER

O N E TO O T H

n e

)

A N D

.

Scanned by CamScanner

4

匡

Z

く

0

Đ

の

0 Z

ー

1

く

:

一

)

)

<

一

山 エ

m U :

)

ロ ヱ

a

0

ベ 工

工 1 工 0 の 0

1

に

1

4 寸 N

の 山

2 9 D .

.

e s ig n

P *oce du

re

a s th a t fo r s p u r g e a r s ır e is s a m e dı D e s ig n \ a ıe to b e n o &e d d a r d v a lu ie N o n m a l m o d ııle s h o u ld h a v e a s ta n a) b e ta k ea ı fo r v ir tu a l n u m b e r bi F o m ı fa c to r C

)ř

Z

d) : \Į

ř

o

w

in g p o in ts

lı f te e ı

17

ea

F

T h e fo llo

ew

id Č b

>

pa

fo

r

sm

o o

&

o

p e r la ti«m

ř

Scanned by CamScanner

(2

R o o t d ia m

e te r

dn

d f2

c le a ra n c e

B o tto m

H e ig h t fa c to r

[ [

=

c

=

2

M

2

=

0 25

=

0 3

16 )

2c

n

(2

2c

.

15 )

17 )

m n

m

fo r

n

s tu

b to o th

1

=

0 8 fo

=

r

s tu

b to o th

Phobı e xn 2 ı

A

o

e c tio n

o

i to tra n s m iť f h e lic a l g e a r s s u Ęje c te d to m o d e r a te s h o c k lo a d in g s T h e s p æ d r e d u c tio n r a tio is 4 2 5 a n d th e 3 7 5 k w a t 1 7 5 0 r p n ı o f th e p in io n ° ° T b e s e r v ic e is c o n tin u o u s a n d th e te e th a r e 2 0 F D iń th e h e lix a n g le is 15 D e s ig ıı th e g e a f s , a s s u m iņ g a life o f 10 , 0 0 0 h o u rs p la n e 1

.

Sd

f

m a te r ia

l

A llo y s te e l 4 0 N i2 C r l M o 2 8 h a r d e n e d S u r fa c e h a r d n e s s 5 5 R C a n d c o r e h a rd n

d te m p e r e d 350 B H N e ss > an

(T a b le Č

M

2

.

-

u

1 5 5 0 N /m

a te ń a ls

o n ly th e C a lc ııı a tio n

1 4

m

2

(T a b le 1 18 )

Fo r p in io n a n d g e a r p in io n is d e s ig n e d o

f d e s ig n

a re

d to b e

sa m

e

a n

d hen

ce

I 1

0 35

-

=

×

0 7

2 5 =

a s s u n ıe

s tl t s s e s

Č

1 4

1 17 )

×

17 3 I N /

×

0 35

Č

u

×

+

12 0

15 5 0

+

(T a b le 12 0

-

1 8)

662 5 N / m

662 5

ı5 m

m

?

Scanned by CamScanner

[Đ c ] C R H R C Ķ l =

ii)

?

85 2 6 N / m

=

R

×5 5 ×0 . 8 5 C

6.

2

H RC

n】

Ta b l e 1 . 0)

(

6.

2

-

55

=

(fa b le

K ç j - 0 5 85

3

o f c en tr e

a tio n C a lc u ı

1 1 1)

d is ta ı« »

.

E

H

ÜO + D

W

[M t] k o =

37 5

M

A

fo

r

k ķd

=

1 25

=

V

ssu m e

2 I

=

×

n ıo

sh o c

d e f a te

k

1 3

204 7

×

332 4 N

=

m

0 5

-

10 5 N /

2 5 + l)

m

1 3

×

2

ůi4

204 7 N

17 5 0

x

1 25

=

[W ] E

60

×

=

2n

ssu m e

A

10 4

×

t

-

,

ko

M

2 1

n ım

2

10 5

×

×

4 25

3 32 4 ×

×

107

0 5

14 8 5 8

15 0

H

A

ss u m

in g

z l

t h e f e fo r e ,

m

n u n

20

-

_

n

Z

d2 a

4

p.

-

15 0

x

co s

+

85

m o

id l

=

=

d u le

4 25

15

°

2 76

m m

c ho se n

=

3 is

.

62 1 1 m

n

×

20

of

b

×

Ľ+ ]

..

,

m

15 ° 62 11 = 26 3 9 7

62 11 + 263 97 2

=

-

85

=

_

20 m

cos

d l + d2 =

20

a

P

co s

X

+ Z 2

l

-

Caı c u la tio n

.

×

.

3

dl -

iz l - 4 2 5

2

f e v is e

ow

-

@

S ta n d a rd N

z2

,

pa

p

9

=

.

m

m

16 3 0 3

m m

M 】

\

, °° "

° .

36 4

m 1ıı

(E q n

2 3)

Scanned by CamScanner

b

-

y

a

0 5

=

16 3 0 3

×

.

82

-

m m

ñ n d , b » Pı m \ M v is e d e s ig n

w e

=

35 6 2 N

I2

V

of

0 7 (i + l ) [M ?

b

in d u c e d t]

<

8 1 2 N /m

[O b 】 =

=

(fo

r

16 3 0 3

×

-

Ou

ıw

x

5 7

.

m

/s

v

(T a b le 1 15 )

1 2

ls q u a tity 8 )

h e lic a l g e a

s tr e s s e s

+

,

=

kd

iı y

6 2 1 lx 17 5 0

trx

6 0 × 10 0 0

0 7 (4 2 5

-

v e lo c

lirıe p itc b trd tn i =

-

-

a tio n C a lc u ı

35 6 2

1)J 82

×

3

×

×

10 ?

(E q n

2 13 )

0 4 .

2 n ı

2

17 3 1 N / m

sho u

yv

m

ld b e

z l e

yv

o

q =

b ta in e d fii»r

.

-

Z

0 402

(fo

=

z

eq

22

co

ł1 5 a

r

2 2 te e th )

(T a b le 1 1 6 ) (E q ņ 2

=

0 7

W

×

2 I

×

10

5

×

as

35 6 2

ge a r

BH N

(C n

o te -

2

1 7)

1 16

=

o la tio n ) (b y in te r p

.

.

m

k

5

(b q n

20 4 7

×

ha rdn

e ss

<

35 0 B H N

4

1

10

m a te r ia

248

l

(T a b le

1 18)

)

(T a b le 1 9 )

(te m p e f e d ) 1 4

=

×

12 )

tm

l

×

393

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

2 10

T f ia ı2

m

ith

w

2

2 5

n

12 5

×

=

(2 0

T ite

2 5

=

m

x c

20

z ı=

Z2

,

.

80

Æ

80 )

+

ï t b e co e be co m e e z e ro O (T h e h e lix a n g ı ° ° ic a l g e u r P . 8 to 2 5 ) isctoty t o r h e ı Tial 3 ie

,

p

e ı ı ıjp u r ı ı ı

w

r

N o ￠ııı

.

・

=

h

Z

20

=

l

2

2 5

12 5

z

n

n

a

"

P o 5

a

v e lo c

,

»

d

=

co s

8 ı

co a

° 8 ı

×

ity

-

12 5

V

# 618 -

1 14

4 1 ı

×

ı1

ı s m

iıı* iıl

=

.

ı9 9 4 9

(E q n

m m

m m

l

1￠ ×

a » ı

ńo d

[叼 \

»

° ı

50 1

(E q

n u n

×

475

60

\ =

=

ı26

=

.

fo r V p lm

ı￥ ia ılı y

55 7

=

ıiı ı8

R ×

×

10 00

ıı ı or I 菊

国

/

.

2 3) .

/ı

m

e (fıb ı

ı

l2

ı15 )

(ħ b le ı ı4 )

db = ı dbe W 心曲ı 島 b e ıı回回d 妇 刨 日 岫 峙 i ıc e d 缃 吕æ e r 如 = 如e ・c a d = c 自ı 翩 翩

w » r

自自ıe d r 目a ıe r w i理 b e \ 3 ら 妇 凼 叫 帽 イ 沁南阳 心 目岡 园 田 C h a 出 自r M 岫 [ 眩 目Ē 目 b * 目 诮 西 崮 台四 回 ・e i・i區園 J C= = * « m łi・ n i n y « d h e e ıh il ıo » ıd ıo

二

2 5)

m m

.

p

w e =

5o 5

ıiı ı

60

8

.

62 5

a

・

-

3 95

=

°

ia l p itc h -

k w

20

z2

cı ıs s

No

×

.

y

-

2 5

ı

P

co ı

P iıe h lin e

79 )

.

co s

M

Pı '

+

p

.

.

=

co s

x

° 8 ı (・c c e p tıb le ) ıp e e d r ıtio , i = 79 /2 0

m

Vp

×

79

-

(2 0

P

d ı=

b

22

・

ie , l e ał R e ca c u ı

d2

,

聞

目

朝 南暖

b

W b 妇晒 台 iıdb e d c « * d

Scanned by CamScanner

C h e c k fo r ?

b

-

O

b

0 7

i+ ' b yv m

a

20 Z

e

×

(3 9 5

12 5 -

×

6 0 6 N /n

2 5

×

62 5

ı

<

[? b ]

T h e d e s ig n is 2 11 Sk e w G e a r s T h e g e a rs

(C

1) × 1 3 3 6

+

sa

0 395

-

×

(fo r

(E q rı 2 8 )

21

=

-

(T a b le

2 1 te e th )

1 16 )

10 4

0 39 5

17 3 1 N /n ım 2

=

tis fa c to r y

r o sse

a re

×

-

q

y, 0 7

2 13 )

(E q n

[M t]

,

d H

sh o w n

e lic a ıG e a r s ) / S c r e w in F ig 2 1b

2 1 1 1 A d v a n ta g e s a n d s h o r tc o m in g s N o is e le s s o p e r a tio n d u e to v e r y s m o o th S h o r tc o m in g s a r e a ) P o in t c o n ta c t b e tw

G

e a ıs

.

en

ga g e m

ee n

en

t

H

te e th

tra ııs m

en ce

itte d

ta n g e n t p o w e r is lo w (F ig 2 Ic ) b ) R e la tiv e s lid in g o f te e th a lo n g th e c o n ım o n H e n c e e ffic ie n c y is lo w e r th u ı th a t o f to o th e d g e a r s c ) T e n d e n c y to s e iz u r e is h ig h e r n g b e tw 2 11 2 V e ı o c ity o f s lid i】 5 i F 2 W ith f e r to g th e te e th w ill b e

gears h f s a ts a t r ig h t

een

.

v

C O S

n

l

l

60

l

×

d

a iı g le s ,

th e v e lo c ity

o

f

slicing o f

l n l

100 0

x

co s

k

l

F lG 2 5

2 11 3 D e s i n c a ı c u la tio n s g K n o w in g M p in io n to qq u e a p p ro x im a te v a lu e t F , a c tin g o n th e g e a r to o th is c a lc u la tie d u s in g th e fo r m n .

,

,

f th e u la ,

o

n o rm a

l fo

rc e

,

Scanned by CamScanner

2M

F.

-

co s

(2 19 ) .

t

Pr c o s

th e m a jo r s e iz u r e tio n o f In r dbe p fle v e n

a

n

X

l ske w

in

fe ı s e iz ı

A

T h e f e fo r e th e s e g e a r s a r e d e s ig lle d d e te m a in e p it u la is u s e d to ch p if ic a l fo r m

g e a fs

em

n

f rce M a x i p e r m is s ib le o

l to th e to o th ,

n o rm a

(2 2 0)

[Đ ]

î

F n 】= d k i 【

.

e r e ki =

2i

i + ta n

h

tio fa c to r

r ra

Gea

.

p,

-

ı aı g le

h e lix 1+ 0 5

v j g

1

[? ]

=

f th e p in io n

s lid in

.

=

o

g

v e lo c

ity fa c to r

+ V sl

f p ir ic a l s u r a c e fr o m T a b le 2 1 em

W

s tr e s s

d e te r m in e d

į

Is n o t k n o lw n b e c a u s e h jilia llx . [ \ = 0 5 to 0 7 , is a s s u n re d to s ta r t d s e c o n d tr ia l a r e cal cu la a n is c a lc u la te d N o w v s l a n d h e n c e v a lu e o f d 1 d l is o b ta in e d Ħn io n is c a f l ie d o u t to o b ta in n e w d , īh u s b y tr ia l a n d e r r o tio n A s s u m in g th e h to o th n u m b e r s h o u ld b e m o r e th a n 2 0 to e n s u r e s m o o t o p e f a d n u n n b e r o f te e th , m o d u le c a n b e d e te n n in e T h e b e n d iq g s tr e ï ıg th o f th e tæ th c a n b e d e tie r m in e d u s in g th e fo r m u la s fo r h e lic a l tæ th B a s ic d im e n s io n s o f th e g e a r s a r e o b ta in e d t ıs in g th e fo r m u la s

fo

r

h e lic a l g e a r s

T b ıe 2 1 .

S u r fa c e S h

le s s

W heel

S te e l R C

50

B ro

S te e l R C

50

S te e l R C

m

CI

CI

or

L a m in a te d F a b r ic

CI

or

e

B

50 ł

fo n z e

RC

50

â

0 0 35

0 0 84

0 0 40

0 10 5

0 055

0 14 0

0 0 70

0 17 5

Scanned by CamScanner

2 13 .

2 11 4 G .

.

eo m

e tr ic a ıR e ı a tio n s h ip s fo

r

G

a

e n e ra

ıC

a se

o n o n

F IG

2 6

f p in lo n e of w h ee ı gı e gı

o

C R O S S E D H E L IC A L G E A R S FO R A G E N E R A L C A SE

G

e a r ra

tio

i

一

一

n2

C

en

tr e d is ta iıc e

D ia m

A

n

e

dl

te r s

g le b e tw +

z

a

z

l

0 5

-

-

l

兰ご兰 堅 d l c o s p1

一

m

.

S

d2

;

e e n th e s h a fts

y

P e r ip h e r a l v e lo c ity

v e lo c

N o te T h e r e is

n o

2 1 15

ıF

N

o r ın a

v

=

l

v l s in

ity

v

sl

s ta iıd a r d a n

co s

fo

n

l

× 10 0 0

60

-

r

2 1)

+

(2

22 )

z

(2

2 3)

(2

24)

2

92

İ

h e n b o th h e lic e s a r e o f th e h e n o f o p p o s ite h a iıd s Æd

.

P1

_

w w

S lid in g

=

(2

m

s a n ıe

h a iıd

/S

y

(2 2 5 )

pz

r c r o sse

d h e lic a l g e a r to o th p r o p o r tio n s

d E Øñc ie ııc y

2 M F

n

=

"

dl

co s

Pı

c os a

Y

ı

n

Scanned by CamScanner

2 14

E ffic ie

n c

リ

y

o

f th e g e a r to

th / s y s te m

1

tan2

X

p

1 +

ta

p1

X

/z

ー

ìl

E ffic ie n

o

c

n

co e

-

y is

ffic ie n t

a x im

m

(2 26\ o

u m

f fr ic tio

w

n

P1

he n

b e tw

een

th e te e th

P2

-

23

P ro bı em

F m d th e s p ir a l a n le o f th e te th e g o n B a n d th e d is ta n c e b e tw e e n th e s h a fts E a c h s h a ft is id r o v d i e w th a th r u s t b e a r in p f d i m r e a n o a u s 6 2 S in g n h f fi i t e co e c e n t o f fr ic tio n b e tw e e n th e s e a n d b e tw e e n th e te e th is 0 0 5 F in d th e o v e r a ll e ffic ie n c y o f th e d r iv e if A is th e d r iv e r a n d th e o b liq u ity o f th e to o th U O c t 96 ) p r e s s lır e is n ë g le c te d (M N o te In flu e n c e o f p r e s s u r e a n le o n th e e ffic ie n c y c a lc u la tio n is to b e i n g g o re d '

is th e d r iv e r

1 A .

A

n

g le b e tw

(h e lic e s

are o

S p ir a l a n g le S p ir a l a n g e 2 C .

U

PA

su a

e n

tr e d is ta

lly

m

n

*

f th e

o

fA

o

fB

Q

-

=

0 5

PA

+

PB

ßA

=

75

0 5

a

×

4 09

×

(

=

75°

35°

=

T5

=

35

=

W

m

ld b e o f a s ta ııd a r d v a lu e In tM s p e c ilie ￠ w e c o u ld n o t m o d l th e y

s o ıa e

-

PA ßB

-

han d)

sa m e =

y

w o u

h a v e b ėe n In

n ce

th e s h a fts

e e n

se s

n

?O

o os

3 5°

o +

n

s

probıcıs in c e d A z A a n d to o b ta in a standard 回 ,

m

m

a

_

m a

y bc

18 3 4

ı ts e {L

ı n m

Scanned by CamScanner

1

If

40° x 0 05

1 + ta

n

35° x 0 0 5

(

CO S

H

T he

cen

tr e

-

4

×

þA

d is ta n

ce a

0 5

4 X

×

ffie ie n Ł y is

,

75

-

c a lc u

s lig h tly , w e

A dv

ta g e s d s p e e s th a n an

o

36 9

is

2

D is a d v

3

To

o v e rc o m

e

m ou

q te d in

p a ir

For

c o n n e c tin

4

an

ta g e :

en

-

n

4

田 m

d

as

+

la te d

17 7 0 7

-

m

m

as

e ss n o

2

is y , s tro

n

g e r th a n

sp u r

ge ar s,

ru n

c an

at

g r e a te r

g e ar s d tust

th e

g

m

38 ľ

=

c a lc u la te

f h e lic a l g e a r s : L

sp u r

y ta k e

36 9°

-

H ig hlig h ts 1

m a

A

10 0

PB

PA

e

-

en ce

.

e

20

PA

L

d to c h a n g e m o d ifie d P

a

o

0 926

=

n

llo w b ta in

a re

w e

da rd) a n d

s ta n

T he

n

Soı u tio

a te

te r n Aı

ta

o

sh

or

f

d iffic u lty

o n

n o n

a

?

p a r a lle l

d tb r u s L h e lic a l g e a r s o f h e i r in g b o n e \ a r s a r e u s e d en

n o n

in te r s e c tin g

s h a fts

,

c ro s s e

o

p p o s ite h a n d s

d b e lic a l g e a r s

c an

ar e

be

u sed

5

In

ge ars

c an

6

In d e s ig n

7

V ir tu a l nom

N

,

ber

ıa ıp la i ı e

a tın a ım

la tio n

c a lc u

n um

th e to o th

8

d h e lic a l g e a r p a ir th e te e th h a v c a l r y o n ly lig h t lo a d s

a cro sse

o

fo t m

fa c to r h a s to b e

f te e th is th e

b er n un ı

T h e to o tlı p r o lile

polite o f o

s,

d u le is

o

la te d

an

d

o

f th e

th e h e lic a ı g e a r to

c a lc u

e

o

p o in t

o

con

ta c t H

b ta in e d fo r

f te e th

o n

an

en ce

c ro s se

v ir tu a l n u m

e tł u iv a le n

ber

d h e lic a l

o

f te e th

t s p rJr g e a r ĵ n

th e

q u iv a le n t s p u r g e a r to o th is id e n tic a l to tlı ĵ n th e n o r m a l p la n e e

r o m ıd e d

W

to

a

d a«d v aı m s ta ı

Scanned by CamScanner

3

ī yp e s

o

fBe,

e at c o n v e rg

S G EAP L E BEV

:5=-ī

x o tb e a p e

yął x

.

n e fa n ge

ıd ect aı

th th e te e

d u rv e are c

d )

e s p ir a l a iı

h d th e te e t n o is y

in te r s e c t a ıı T a r e le s s v e l ge a rs s p ir a l b e

he a x e s

s e ı it T h e a d v a iıta g f c e ge a r s to p r o d u c e a

in to th e fa c o f d c a n b e u se T he

ax e s

are

a re u se

d to

co n n e ct

f

i a re n o sy

gear

l,

n on

rv e are cu

tb a t s p u

l ııd p a r a lle a

n on

r

d

ge a r

Fs p ir a l s

a tıd o

cu

hape d,

b liq u

tte r s a

iīıte r s e c tin g ,

n

a r ıd

e

w

ith

z e ro

L ik e h e lic a l

sh a

p e rs

te e th

a re

d ge a r

th e

s tr a ig h t

h d n o n in te r s e c tin g a rıd th e te e t p a r a lle l a iı b ile d iffe r e n tia l u n it B e c a u s e a r e u s e d in a u to m o l l fl Đ iv e s h a ft c a n b e p la c e d b e n e a th th e o o r e v e

T he ax e s are T he se ge a rs c u rve d

p in io n

o fts e

t, th e

n on

are

o

f

(f )H y p o id P IG 3 1 R E L A T io N O F A X ES r

P

Ę

Ė

Scanned by CamScanner

3 2

i o m a o r ty

j

Itı tb e

f ca

0

se s

90 °, i e

-

e

(d ) M it e

r

o c v e ı

1 :1 , e

?

r a

90 A

z

ıG 3 2 S tr a ig h t B e v e

'

a rs

ge it y z

o

c

)O b

t io

b e

m

r a n sv e r s e

m

m

=

av

e o m e tr y

T h e fo

o

,

t,

rm a

To

avo

z

-

cq

/co

R e la tio

ce

/

g le b e v e ıg e a n

w

he r e o

-

ò

[a n 0

R ig b t

O b tu

W

ie a ı ı gk

(2 +

,

2

n s

Z

-

ò2

cu

v e ra

s e n ıic o n e

=

o

r

f te e th ,

ge

an z

e

p la n

tr a ııs v e r s e

q,

m o

d u le

g le /p itc h

is th e

ıs

ra

l

o n

(3 1 ) o

f te e th

s e

q u a l to

be r

d iu

eve

ba se d

a ııg le

n u ın

t o lı a g e a r h a v in g p itc h

B

e

e

ıın ? r c

z

e

q

z

17

(F ig 3 1 )

A c u te

=

ld b e

th e

(3 2 )

e

,

d s to d u le A

ò

s

3 3 Ang

ta 】ıò

h a fts CON ES s

m o

he re ò

co u

ro w n

c o rr e sp o n

sv e r se

w

ı?

g le 90 '

(F Ig J J )

tiv e o r v ir tu a l n u n ıb e

id in te r fe r e n

an

t

n

z

h a v in g m o d u le a s m þ th a t th e r a d u s o f th e b a c k c o n Z

>

e v e

s

ge

e » 90 ・

l 0 9 ・

g le b e t w e e T CH Fı G 3 2 Pı

G

(f ) C

s e

e v e

n

d u le , m s p e c ifie d b y tr a n ge a r s a r e th s iz e m id s e c tio n to o b s in ò T

tu

b

r ig h t a n

fo r m

. N

be v e ı e < 9o ・

'

ea r

s h a fts

f th e

s o

e

I z

th e a x e

,

/ Z 1) + s in

(3 3 )

c o so

o

(z łz 2 ) +

V

c o so

/

gea rs

Bea r s

s in

(z łz ž )

(18 o p

co s

O)

(1 8 17

O)

Scanned by CamScanner

Fa

id th

ce w

F IG 3 3

S T R A IG H T T O O T H B E V E L G E A R

,

14 B

a s ic

C

R

D ln ıe ııs io n

05

°

s

M

d is ta n c e R

one

m

t

jZ

fä

=

+

r

罗

-

a

唱地

t

w

=

M !

l .

2 s in 6

1

05

=

m

ń gh t

t

an

z

'

1

7i2

(3 9 )

2

+

1

(3

10)

g le g e a r s )

.

回国团团国 留 y

R

D e den du m ta n O

?t

z

2 s in 6

(fo r

m

t

.

A dd e n du m an gı e = 0 *日圆。匡e 商

,

he r e

\

=

1

(3 '

Of

t

į

>

f

ŝ°

J e

.

1 1a )

â $￠

+ c)

R

w

he r e

c

.

02 .

(3

U b)

Scanned by CamScanner

F IG 4

G EARS A C U TE A N G L E B E V E L

o

p in io

n

ı

I

O

石

G 3 4 b Fı

T ip R

an

g le

o o t an

g le

G EA R A N D

CROW N

Ò + Oa

-

-

Ò

Bt

61

.

P cd P cd Pcd

be tw

36 D .

.

(o u ts id e ) o f g e a r (a v e r a g e ) o f p in io n (a v e r a g e ) o f g e a r e te r o

T ip dia m

e te r o

3

e s ig p

d,

-

T ip dia m

een

an

P IN IO N

f p in io n f gear

-

-

-

d ıl

da2

-

m

2

d lw d2a .

-

2

-

t z

-

l

m

-

M a v

-

m

m

,

"

t

(2 1

(2 2

a.

+ 2 c o s 6 1)

+ 2 CO S

ò 2)

' "

'

i, 13 b i (3 14 a ) (3 14 b ) (3 1 5 ) (3 16 )

d 5

F o ir ın u ı as

Scanned by CamScanner

11

LW \

R

+

0

(R

E {M

1

罔

2

b n tt yv

4

,

r

F IG J ī B E V E L G E A R F O R C E S 3 7 .

A

ss u m e

D

e te rm

A

s s tim e

D a D

e rm

e te r m

in

e

E

[a J a n d lo b J

,

in itia u y

in e th e

in

R

e

d

=

13

ic o m e

se m

a ss u m

an

L

d d e te r m in

g le in g v = 3 y an

o

D eı e r m in e

R e c heck

d o b ta in b tbe p itc h c

an

Łd

an

d

w

s t r

an

d

nu

f th e p in io « Ļ 6 1

2 R

e

J

" m

m

i n c l e (a v e r \ ) a iııd

p im P ia io n

B a a r is »

ta k e aı fo

ar a re

p itc h lin

e w e lo c

r v ir tı ıa ļ

d i Ħa e

c

ity

t h e c k fo r

w

h e e l has

Scanned by CamScanner

36 3& G

F o r c e s (F ig J 5 )

ea r

.

'

F n fr o m

th e

ex

utas Ft

-

ta n g e n tia l fo

F:

-

ra

\

-

be

M

e s ig n

a te r ia o

a

t

ò

s in

ta iıa

t

(3 2 0 ) (3 2 1 )

c o sò

a

A

b e v e l \ a r d r iv e to tr a n s ın it 7 36 k w G e a r r a tio 3 M a te r ia l fo r p in io n s u r fa c e

ı: C 4 5

2

7 2 0 N /n m

-

.

s su m e

D

e s ig n

life

=

-

-

[O b ]

h a r d e n e d to 55 R C

o

,

1 0 , 00 0 h o

as

=

y

36 0 N /m

tio h a s

86 4

=

10

×

7

ge a r C 4 5 <

e ss

th e

s u r fa c e

35 0 B H N

(T a b le

1 18 )

c y c le s

CR H R C K ı c 2 3 X 55 X 0 585 7 4 0 N /m

m

1 4)

2

C R - 23 H R C 55

(T a b le

1 10 )

0 58 5

(T a b le

1 1 1)

=

Ķ cl 0

=

n

qn

(E

14 K b l

-

=

(E

1

ķ cr

1

-

0 25

(Đ .

2 5 × 15 2 1 1 9 5 N /m a

-

0 25

(7 2 0

_

3 2 0 N /m

n

ıin a

tio n

1 2 wy i

o

f

con e

in

=

3

[M t]

=

ko

kķ d

8o

M 1

=

kk d

i

R ノb

一

=

) 2

l i

s s u īn e

+

50

36 0 ) +

qn

(T a b le

1 1) 1 8)

50

2

n ı

=

15

(T a b ıe (T a b le

1 9)

1 7)

R

ce

h

4 1

A

d is ta n

)+

+

2 5

-

Ķa

R

r p n ı fo r

u rs

o

D e te m

a iıd

ha rdn

c o re

,

t 1 4 40

2

m

1 4 × l × 32 0

召 回

fa

s tr e s s e s

[o . ]

4

a

-

1 0 , 00 0 × 6 0 × 1 440

3

av

ta n

3 1

fo llo w in g d a ta ha r d e n e d

2

F

dl

,

D

.

F

-

b ta in ih e fo llo w in g

=

-

fo r c e

o

w e

eve

em p ro bı

1

rc e

d ia l fo r c e

a x ia l

p o n e n t fo r c e s

co m

l g e a r s a r e n o t in d iv id u a lly in te r c h a ıı e a b le i e w h e n e a r g g , , c h a n g e d th e g e a r p a u a s a w h o le h a s to b e c h a n e d g

39 B to

'

p r e s s io n s

一

E

(E q n

3 17 )

3

t

(a s s ru n c d ) 1 3 (a s s u n ıe d )

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

3ií +

8 5 38 X

(8 5 3 8 17 8

=

Tiaı

i x 10 9 4 x 1 0 3

0 5 × 2 8 4 6 )2 y 2 8 4 6 2

N /

m iıı

o 【 b

>

=

x

2

A

s s u n ıe m t

R

05

=

m

z

t

60

vp

l

1

a i ıd

[M t ]

× 100 0

× 4

k

m

1 14

=

a

m

×

=

10 00

4 5 m /s

16

-

10 9 4 x

18

x

59 4 x 1 4 4 0 60

k d h a v e th e =

05

.

-

1 4 ;

=

+ 1

Æ x

=

kd S in c e k

4

=

d la v n

n V

in itia l

sa m

e

3

N m

10

v a lu e s ,

[M t] r e n ıa in s

u n a

lte r e d

ıı ı

"

O O

3

o 383 1 19 5 N / m m 2 ×

×

-

c

-

6 12 N /

1 14 x O

b

2

m m ì

[o c ]

<

73 2 4

-

(1 14 -

75 N

0 5

N /m

o w

,

th e

T h e d in Pro bı em

m

2

2

<

x

[o b ] is

d e s i\

ı e n s io n s o

10 9 4 x

×

38)

×

sa

7 40 N /

=

ı

3 m

0 38 3 2 1 19 5 N / n u n

38 x =

10

n u n

4 x

tis fa c to r y

f th e g e a r b la n k

can

be

c a lc u la te

d

u s in

e s ig n a =

1

Seı e c tio n Ħn io n

BHN

3

e

q u a tio

n s,

3 2

b e v e l g e a r d r iv e to tr a n s m it 3 5 k w S p e e d r a tio s ha ft s e e d 2 00 r p n ı T h e ? iv e is iıo n r e v e r s ib le P in io n is R w h e e l o f C I A s s u n ıe a life o f 2 50 0 0 h o u r s D

g

o

4 D

-

o

r iv in

f s te e l

an

g

d

f ıııa * e r ia ı

c 45 ,

Stı rfa h a r ?

n e

d to 4 5 R C

a iıd

c o re

ha rdn

e ss

<

350

Scanned by CamScanner

3 9 o

-

M 】 p

o

f d e s ig n

CR H R C

=

ý

36 0 N / m

-

C I gra d e 30 ,

on a tı C a lc u ı

.

,

o

u

W he el 2

2

70 0 N / m

ı

6 05 5 N ln

-

2

(T a b le

Ķcl

(T a b le H R C

Icl (fo r

2

ın ı

45

=

0 58 5

-

N

I\ l 1 1 7 6 N fm

2

Ķa

n ı

n

[ .k o

CB

=

H B

=

3 6 1 3 N ln m

=

O

-

į

・

J

ţ

=

10

×

7

c y c le s

15

(30 / i) X 7 5

×

10

10

7

7

) (T a b le (T a b le (T a b le (E qq n

(3 0 / 4 ) x

_

10

7

1& t Il )

1 6)

1 7) 1 9) 1] 13\)

c y c le s

1

=

-

2 20 la s s t, _

0 45 a

ı ı

-

:

14799 50 į3

-

m

0 45 × 3 0 0 ￠r

gfï ł .. )ıtFb :b ı

25 x 12 ￡ ìť

1 I8\

2

H B

Rı

'

2 3 × 22 0 × 0 7 14

=

.

30

Ķc l =

i

(fo r

2 5

-

=

4 [.

1

=

(T a b le

2 5 0 0 0 X 6 0 x 2 00 7 30 × 1 0 c y c le s )

=

-

=

1I 8

s tr e s s e s

23 X 4 5 × 0 585

=

(T a b le

3 0 0 N / ın m

-

o

2

m

,

ı 4 Ĵp J

b

'

X

0 5 月

W 2

,

Łį a

は

目 旧 ゆ缸困舗画 i

Scanned by CamScanner

3 10

3

D e te ŕ ın in

p

tio

a

n

l 2 节y i

z

f R

o

e s ig n

th e p in io n

1(İ

1

+

(D

)

) 2

(E q n

C I gr a d e 3o h a s o e q u iv a le n t Y o u n ' s g E

17 x

_

A

k

=

10

Vy

s su m e

[M t]

3 17 )

(g iv e n )

4

-

E

k

N /n u

kk d

kk d

M

2

H

en ce

(T a b le

1 12 )

t

(a s s u m

1

-

o

2

n

p in io n to r q u

-

t

m

a

3

=

o

M

5

2 80 N / m d o u lu s

>

u

d)

(asumed)

1 3

=

e

e

3 5 × 10 ° X 6 0 ı w

[M t]

k

R 2 3

6 8 13

2

4

D e te r ın in R

0 5

=

1 58 1 3 ń'

5

.

R

R

6

.

t

4 26

=

m

m

-

av

5

dl

av

Z

=

2 17 3 N

m

n )m i 2

m m

i

+ t

r

z

L

Į l

{1G ļ Ì

(a s s u m

18

T a ke

m

m

av

t

18

×

1 85 5 4 / 3

d la v

a n

=

61 8

in g

z

18 )

-

l

5 (s ta n d a r d )

-

t

18 5 5 4

=

m

\

(d e r iv e d

fr o m th e fo r n ıu '"

ge t

m

av

E qn 3 I

c a ııa ls o

4 17

=

=

iven

?

fo

,n

) av

m

e v e lo c lw

×

1m

m

m

d p itc h U n

1 8 × 4 17 Æ

I ıL ıC V

t H Cı ı

=

t

W

{T o =

=

10 1 1 12 n n ı

d fın d b

an

R /3

=

2 00 l x 1 3 x 16 7 1 1 2 x

[1 ı)

fm

0 5

=

Caı c u la te m

o

0 5 × 5

=

b

t

=

2n

m

n

m

=

R

e v is e

tio

a

m

=

t

=

75

d lw

60 x

be

u se d

)

m nı

m m n

Æ x

l

iń00

=

65

2 00

75

×

×

10 0 0

-

u n

ııv

a

Scanned by CamScanner

7

.

d ı aı

k

R Ąe v ls e

[M ,]

S u r fa c e h a r d rıe s s

r 0 B H N fo is le ss th a n 3 5

w

he e l

(T a b le

(E q n

x

× 10

l7

5

=

ta iı

ò l,

=

9 0°

ąe q

Z

-

l

1

4

05

T6 °

49 7 N /n u

-

o

cw

-

s e th e O

yw

n o

yw

=

is th e fo r m Z

Z

r e la

O

iz

or

l

=

[o b ]

11 7 6 N / m

=

=

19

(E q n

3 2)

(T a b le

1 16 )

3

6 1 8 × 5 × 0 38 3

x

,

m

2

u

hæ ı

w

2

m

>

[o c lw

w e a r s tr e

c a lc u la te w

36 1 3 N / m

m

2

w

th e in d u c e d

n u m =

=

b e n d in g

s tr e s s

he re

fo r th e 4 X 18

14 °

183 8 × 1 0

x

s a tis fa c to r y ・

Xp

bp

fa a =

tio n to

S

6 1 8)

t h a v e a d e q u a te

fo llo w in g bw

4 38 4 N / m

-

18 / C O

=

2

<

e s ig n o

W he e l do e s U

2

f th e p in io n is C h e c k tb e s tr e s s e s in th e D

H)

n

14 °

.

/ C O S Ò1

×

3 19)

76°

=

h - 0 3 83 1 8 5 5 4 l ì6 + i

(1 8 5 5 4

3 18 )

18 3 8 x 10a

×

(E q n

62

I

be r

o

f te e th

o

f th e

w

hee l

72

Scanned by CamScanner

W h c c ıh a « c

a

d c q u a [c b e a m

* tr e n

l￠h

,

o m m e n ta

in c r e a n e th e w e a r * lr e n h l￠ r a is e d b y n a m e o r in d u c li«m

o rde r

] In bc

2 T a k in g

m

to

t

6,

-

c a r ry o u

t th c

f th e

tr

b e c l, i ıc e b a r d » e * ł o R w

hardenin aign c a lc u la li{ m l*

r a ıB e v e ı(C a r i D e * ın P r 3 Io S p ı m g

do

,

nıiı 】 y

,

a*

T r ia l 2

pe

R

3 6

F IG

S P IR A L B E V E L G E A R

3 10 1 T h e h a n d o f s p ir a l c a n b e fo u n d u s in g th e r ig h t h a n d s c r e w r u le \ s h o w s a r ig h t h a n d g e a r in m e s h w ith le ft h a n d p in io n 3 10 2 T h e s p ir a l b e v e l g e a r te e th a r e g e n e r a te d u s in g a c ir c u la r «x ltte r (F g 3 7 ) T h e s p ir a l a n g le V i8 m e a s u r e d a t th e m e a n r a d iu s o f th e g e a r It i$ ° In o r d e r to o b ta in tr u e s p ir a l to o th a a in n th e r a tio o f fa t ł u s u a lly 3 5 a d v a n c e to c ir c u ta r p itc h s h o u ld b e a tle a s t 1 2 5 .

.

,

・

.

,

3 10 3 S p ı r a ıG .

.

.

F o r ce s

ea r

n g on a c tı

F o rces th e p ı n ı on

g e n tia l lo a d , P ,

T

an

w

h e r e , d la v is th e

2 x In p u t to r q u e

(P a r a

-

a v e ra ge

d

te r o f th e

ptch

ia l fo r c e F. a n d f a d ia l fo r c e P r Đ p e n d o n th e h a n d d ir e c tio n o f r o ta tio n R o ta tio n i8 o b s e r v e d iio m th e in p u t e n d s h a ft T he

`

F ro m T a b ı e 3 1 w o f r o ta tio n a ı ıd th c h a iıd ,

e o

fin d , th e fo r c e s F . f to o th s p ir a l

an

d P r de pe n d

8)

c o D

f s p ir a l a n d o f th e p in io n

o

o n th e

d ir e a io n

it is d ir e a e d fr o m ı s s iw n th c p in io n h a s a p h ı If th e r a d ia l fo r c e l o in th e o p p o s ite th c p o in t o f c o n ta c t to w a r d s th e s h a ft a x is , w i山 a m in u s s ig n d ir e c tio n

l

If th e

fr o m th e \

th e :i o n b a s a p lu s s ig Ą it is d ir e a e d a w l fo r c e F ıl ı in db e o p p o ıite d ir e a io lı o f th e c o w l t h a m in u s s ig ı

a x ia

x

a

y

Scanned by CamScanner

3 13

f)I

3 7

F IG

TEE TH IR A L G E A R P S G N I T T U C W N RACK B A S IC C R O

ł

O N TH E

T a b le 3 1 .

F o rc e s

C o n d itio n

lp i i Ji

k R H s p ir a l w ith c lo c in io n L H w s e r o ta tio n a n d p c la c h « is e s p ir a 】w ith c o u n te r ' r o ta tio n n on

\

a

F o rces

.

a c tin

-

g

j

on

th e G

Ft

=

co s

g

on

p in io

n

( ta n

a

.

s in

s in d ,

p

co s

61 )

p

R a d ia l fo

N o rm a l r e s s u re a n p

tin

A ń a l fo r c e , F a 1

I

l

ac

gle , 6 1

(3 " ) rc e,

-

F l r

p in io ņ p itc h

co n e an

gk

e ar

~

M au

k

'

"

c

pu

m

Scanned by CamScanner

3 14 n u ı a s s ıp F o r ı o 4 0e s 3ı a tio n o f c o n e d is ta n c e R T h e c a lc u ı a n d in d u c e d i d r n c o t h c t a u o t f o e o rı ı ıu la s 3 1 7 a n d 3 18 ie d g ı ca rr d b d i f c i u e d n n e n o t s r tı e i s s th e fo ll w i o g f ı at .

,

,

V P

0 7 R =

Qb

Is

o

n

o

cu

2

b ta in e d fo r

v ir tu a

o rm

m

c

can

hc r e s p e c tiv e ly F o r t u la is w e d

[M t ]

0 5b ) b

(R

g

c o n ta c t s tr e s s o

(3

26 )

(3

27 )

(3

28 )

(3

29 )

yv

n

l n u m be r

f te e th

o

.

Z

Zv l

-

M

w

1 3

co s

62

co s

V av

=

ï * tn

=

3

co s

V V

3 0 ° to 3 5 ° m

p r o b le m 3 3 T a k e th e d a ta

o

V

CO S

t

f p r o b le m 3 1 D

e s ig n

a s p ir a

S te p s 1 to 8 , e x c e p t th e c a lc u la tio n b l m a ls o to tbis p f o e 4 m m , R = 1 1 4 n ım , b = m t

[M t]

i = 3, Z 1 y

10 9 4

=

Z

61

10 N

×

M

N

co s

m

CO S

18 5 ° c o

V

s =

3

35°

V

C a lc u la te

ow

o

b

qn

4 X

=

o

l i2

+ 1 2

0 5b ) b

(R 07

×

1 14

05

(1 1 4

54 35 N / m ,

m

p p ly

3 5°

(E

3 2 76

.

3 27)

qn

1 16 )

3 29 )

b

=

spral g e a r s

CO S

a

3 5°

(T a b le

m t CO S

=

n

d T r ia l 2

(E

35

=

V

an

m

0 452

=

0 7 R

N o te In

38

=

in T r ia l 1

b

18 3

T a ke

yv

fo

nm

l

=

CO S

3

s o

l b e v e l g e a r d r iv e

t

×

× m

n ee

[M t ] m

n

l 3 21 2

38) 2

d

yv

×

1 x 1 09 4 x 1 0

38

< [o b ] no

× =

3 276

x

3

0 452

1 19 5 N / m

m

2

t b e o f a s ta n d a r d v a lu e

\

r

į

Scanned by CamScanner

3 15

3

H ig h lig h ts To

2

T y p e s : s tr a ig h t b e v e l g e a r s (r ig h t b e v e l g e a r s (te e th a re c u r v e d )

co nn ect

(w o

n o is

3

S tr a ig h t b e v e l g e a r s

4

M itr e g e a r s : A

5

Z

6

H y p o id g e a r T b e p in io n is in a u to m o b ile s

e ro

In

7

l be v e l g e ar

v ir tu a l

n um

to th e b a c k

9

be r

een

s p ir a l

In d e s ig n

o

o

f th e

,

a c u te

be v e l ge

0 th e s h ilfts is 9 w

ith

ra

°

o

f te e th

to o th

v ir tu a l n u m

o

be r

o

le s s

b tu

A

se

an

g le d )

ar e

n on

th e g e

,

sp u r

is y e

qu a l

g le

x e s aTe

han ge d

c

n o

d th e g e a r s

s p ir a l a n

z e ro

tio is to b e

be r

an

in te r s e c ti

n

ar

p a ir

g Us e

as a w

d

ho le

g e a r h a v in g

r a d iu s en l l iv a le n t s p u r g e a r is id e. s v e r s e p la n e

o n

a

in th e

e

T h e p r o file o f b e v e l g e a r to o th in th e tra n

c a lc u la tio n s ,

d

an

are

ars

p la c e d

e c c e n tric a lly

n um

g le d

an

l

be v e l ge ar

f te e th is th e

g le d

u sed

ar e

,

c o n e r a d iu s

th e p t o file

to

g le b e tw

n

an

s p if a l

y

b e v e l g e a r d r iv e , if th e g e a r to b e c h a n g e d

a

has 8

a re

be v e l g e ars

s h a fts

in te r s e c tin g

1

qu

f te e th is to b e

u se

d fo r

o

b ta in in g fo m

fa c to r 10

Tran sv

11

D

er se

m o

d u le is

c a lc u

la te d

d ro u n a ıı

de d

3 ) ïr a n

1 ) m a te r ia l s e le c tio n p ro c e du re m o w in g s v e r s e m o d u le c a lc u la tio n 】

p in io

4 ) c h e c k in g th e jn d u c e d b e n d in g

e s ig n

n

p a ir

A

r o ta tin g a t

o

f b e v e l g e a f s is to b e

3 6 0 íp m

u se d

m

o

ff to

a

2 ) d e te m

,

assu m

or

d

to

co n

ta c t

s ta n

d ar d

in a tio

in g

n u ln

v a lu e

o

n

ber

f

co n e

o f te e th

d is ta n c e on

th

s tr e s s e s

tra n s m it 1 2 k w

lr o m

a

to a g e a r m o u n te d o 끄 a s h a ft w h ic h in te r s e c ts th e

p in io n p in io n

° g le o f 7 0 A s s u m in g th a t th e p in io n ís to h a v e a n o u ts id e p itc h ° d ia m e te r o f 2 0 0 W a p rr e s s u r e a n g le o f 2 0 a fa c e w id th o f 4 0 m an d n th e g e a r s h a ft is to r o ta te a t 12 0 ï p m d e te m in e (i) th e pitc h a n le fo r th e g g e a r s (ii) th e fo r c e s o n th e g e a r s a n d (iii) th e td f q u e p r o d u c d a b o u t th e s h a ft a x is O c t 9 7) (M U

s h a ft a t

an

an

,

,

1 P itc h

:

an

Ii

=

ı

g le s

15 7 ° 6 ,

2

=

70 °

1 5 7 ° . 54 3 °

Scanned by CamScanner

3 16

(a

D 2 pC

d lw

g:e )

v e ra

m

=

\

o

f p in io n

00

A

ssu m e

z

l

20

=

P C D (o u ts id e )

3 T

an

g e n tia ıfo

F

=

2M

th

o n

rc e

gea

e

f p in io

o

th

n

,

tl ıvı

tl

ı

to

r

o

w

-

q

r

u ú

u ll u

łıııl ıu

lu

lt r v

12

10 3

×

×

60 =

2n

2

×

3 18 3

×

10

=

4 Fo rce s

th e p in io

on

R a d in l fo f c e

F

-

,1

l

-

a

1

o n

,

F

r2

a

ż

=

ta n a c o s

3 36 5

F ta n ,

6 T o rqu e

o n

M

I× M

,

i2

co s

t

=

=

x ta n

33 6 5

x ta n

1

20°

x cos

15 7

°

1 17 9 N

.

Ô

ta n c e s in

-

ð

1

20°

x s in

15 7

°

331 N

.

th e g e a r

F ta n a

a s in

6

2

ô,

t e gea r I

-

3

×

m

3 36 5 N

-

=

5 Fo rces

3 18 3 N

n

=

A x ia l fo f c e

36 0

x

3

18 9 2

F

ıı

=

336 5

x ta n

20° X

-

3365

x ta n

20 °

ıh a

3 18 3

x s in

54 3 54 3

°

°

.

.

7 15 N

99 5 N 五

引 ：

盘 =

cOS

955 M

n

Į

Scanned by CamScanner

4 4 1 F u se

d

o r

(H

co n n ec

yp o id

4 2 A dva

n

tin g

an

ta g e s

d o

.

W O R M

G EAR S

h f i p a r a lle l n o n in te r s e c t n g s a ts s e d in s s e d h e lic a l g e a r s a r e a ls o ï ı

n o n

c ro

fW

G

o rm

ear

D r iv e s

w o rn ı g e a r s na so m e a n n li-w - y[ - " lo ns

s u r fa c e s

If th e

e

in c o n ta c t, th e d tiv e is r e v e r s ib le T h e e ffic ie n c y is g r e a te r th a n 50 % ffic ie n c y is le s s th a n 5 0 % , th e ? iv e w ill b e s e lf lo c k in g

4 4 D ı sa dv a .

(T

.

a

a )C o b le 4 1 )

T

N

u m

a

n

m

ta g e s

p a r a tiv e ly lo w

bı e 4 1

be r

o

A ppro

e

伍 c ic n c y , lo w

x ı n a ı

f s ta r ts in th e

er

心 e s In W o ı e E M d e ıı

w o

rm

o

f a to o th e d B e a r Č i ve G

ea r

D r h re

E ffic ie n c y , )/

Z

m

0 7 to 0 7 5 0 7 to 0 8 2

2 3

th a iı th a t

an

d 4

0 8 1o 0 9 2

1

Fı G L ı

时 制ヒ吐血匿 园 唱 d ıııı th t to r t o o t ĥ c * e & iv e ta k e s p b c e ı

w

d

ith

S ıd iıB 羽a io o 虹 回国 ば钮 目网园阳气 f & ia im m d i Ė & ir g o b c a t * s i* r e d » c e d b y M b g Scanned by CamScanner

s lid iı唱 お口[io 国 _ o

m

f ı*

æ

Į

42

1Į

r 4f

fin

n c

d

w a

\t

J

・

J

ı ıu il r c s c n

iJ P

n

M

u

it s

,

w

h ic h in tc rıs ify th c h e a l tr a n s fe r

l t \ ıı ıc a m

b ie

n t

i

l r

ly n t \ło v e r 7 5 k w w h e r e a s th c c a p a c ity ı s a s h ip h a s 5 0 0 0 0 k w ı o f th c t\t o th c d B e a r d r iw 4 5 / \ w o r m is a s c r e w lik e m e m b e r W o r m s c a r d r iN c * n b c v is u a lis c d a s a a w he e l s c r e w a n d n u t p a ir (Ħ g 4 I a ) A s e g m e n t o f th c n u t is c o ile d to fo r m c

) 1o

ĺx

w

} v ır r c a

p a c ity

u su a

.

(F ig

4 1 b)

4 6 T h c th r e a d

o

fw

o rm

ha s

h e e l te e th a r e c u t b y h i n w o rm th a t is g o in g to n ıa l e a c h ie v e d w

4 7 .

W

L

彐 遍

G

o rm ea

d

e a r in

an

g le

g G

g w

e o m e tr y

(Y ) iś

iııth c a x ia l d ir c a io n W o r m tte r w h c h is v e r y s im ila r to t h c

tr a p e T o i? l p r o file

a

u s ın g a h o b c u ith th e w h e e l H

c

w

co rrea

e n

t to th c

p itc h h e lix

ga g e m

en t

is

(F ig 4 2 )

th e a n g le

b e in

n x n

th c t\

n

an

d

Scanned by CamScanner

43 th c p la n e o

ta n

=

y

f r o ta tio n Z Pa

he re pa

w

cial

-

d p itc h , l

h p itc

-

d ia m

c ir c le

e te r o

f th e

(4 1) w o rm

,

z

.

(4 2 1 Pa

he re

w

N

ıre a d

=

G

ra

tio

F

o r

H

T o n c ave

d

x

m o

o

lm o is th e a x ia

x

th e f th r e a d s in

e o f th e du ı

x

w o rm

p itc -

ea r

an

1r m

=

an

o

to

-

9o

ds

N °

o

w o rm o

o

w o rn ı

h

ź

w o rm f s ta r ts o f th e le o f w o r m d r iv e 'e a d a n g he e l a re f r w o rm a n d w ,

f h e lix

(4 3 ) h e lix

-

th l in c r e a s e th e e n g th e w o r m e m b ra c e

D im

f th e

w

in e e l

s a ]m e

o

he e l f c o n ta c t th e w w o rm u e n c lo s e th e p a r tia y

f lin

(to

e s o

N G G 4 3 D O U B L E E NV E LO P ı Fı vE DRı

a s ic

o

o

M

her e s th e o t i t a lly e n c lo s r a b r e m p e r E a c h ıı itte d n b e tr a n s m t e r lo a d c a a e r g

4 9 B

g le

a n

e n s io n s

s u r fa c e

m a de

)

te e th a r e

o re

is

in

c o n

ta c t

W OR M G EAR

(F ig 4 1 ) .

T a bı e 42 N

ıe n c la tu r e o tı

C

en

tr e d is ta n c e

S y n ıb o l

Fo

a

a

-

m

a u ı ı

0 5

m

.

(q + z )

Scanned by CamScanner

4 4

Ðia

{a a

« te r

o r

q

clearance o a o ııı

B H e ig b ı fa c b o r 丽o r 回

p

呐 四门国

c

\ d

二 ) 0l d ı

ia m

e fe r

h e el

w

q

p itc h d ia m e te r m d ia m e te r R o o t d ia m e te r

dl /m

-

o 2m

=

f.

耐

-

dn

-

d2

d2

d

0

a

2

d f2

a2

d f2

x

1

=

da 1

l

a

x

x

Io 0 3 m

d l + 2 f. 用 . 2 らm . dl zm

-

-

-

(z (Z

2c

.

+ 2 f )m .

.

m . )

.

2f

2c

ド ー

寧 一 。

一

4

rces

歹心目公冶

四回 切 勿 门 ıı

ľ «i

F

ı

O N S M EN Sı Dı

(f ıs 4 5 )

4 ı e Fo

F

B A S IC

l d in to F . a n d F is r e s o b re d in to F . c o s a . A n d F c F , c o s a . Is r e s o v e . f t s o ta n a o r c es A ı n r co m po n e c s s ıo n s n Is c liım n a t c d fr o n ı t b e \ o w in g fo m ıu la s a r e o b t a in e d b y l a n a c o s y T b ııs th e fo lı

g c ııtia l fo

T

an

A

ıia

R

a

a

l fo r c e

đa l fo

-

F,

-

F,

-

rc e -

rce

-

(w

o r ın

F t/ ta n y

F . ta n

p r e

-

an

e te r / 2

)

(4 4 ) (4 5 )

(4 6 )

a

g le

p itc h d ia m

=

W

Scanned by CamScanner

° ・

FO R CES

F IG 4 5 W O R M

lło

r c e at o Iı th e w

4 11 M ,

,

«! a ı a te r ı

1 ik c ro ïx

)« ĥ c h b c ti

a rc

m

a

de

W

o rn ıw

W

o rm

h

bc

bee l c a n

M

o th c

o

des

ı u re f*aı '

o

d ge a r

d r iv e s ,

ig h e r m e c h a n ic a

ı o

d c tc r m

in c

c a lc u la te

th c

an

d

i ns a « re a c t o

d U

w o rm

r

ea

d u c to

rc e s a c

tin g o n

es ı g n S tr e s s

iv e s g c łır d r

l p r o p e r tie s th a r th c s tr e n g th o

t h c Io

c a lc u

a rc

n

t h a t o r th c w

w

h e e l te e th

o

la te d ro

h e e l th c n ly

c a

r

to o th

lc u ı a tio

ns

heel

ı o c itic s h t d u ty d r iv e s , a t s lid in g v c i l d e e l s g w f o r d o , p C a ĥ t ir o n is u s e fo r v e lo c itie s u p to 8 m /s s a rc u se d e s b s r a d n a s e z b n » T in lc titi m u p to 2 m /ß d fo r v e lo c itie s u p to 2 5 m /s C a pit ıin b r «m w s a r c u s e ld h a v e h ig h h c o m b in a tio n s o u w o rm w he e l m r w r o r d o l i t u ic M a te r a s i e o r tie s 1o r e s is t s e z u r c a n tifr ic tio n p r )p 8 e d to 5 t ı e ls c a s e h a r d e n e l s o b a n o r a L c l w y o f e w o r n m a r c m a d e o s te l fu ll o r r b o n a llo y s te e s i a d c m u d e l n m a t e s e b s to 6 3 R c o r m e d iu m c a r o n h o u ld b e f h a c e ro u gh n e s s s r T u s d c e s c u r e R a 55 d to 5o to s u r fa c e h a r d e n e lis h e d ro u n d a n d p o d r f w h ic h p u r p o s e th e th r e a s a e g r l ib o c s $ o 8 l w a o s a , p h e a t tr e a tn ıe n t i T h c w o r m s o í lo w s p e e d d r iv e u s u a lly r e c e v e n o ,

Scanned by CamScanner

4 6

r g

d R

p tır r th e w h e e l te e th

an

0 th Ę e

A

s a

Ï

to o

L

=

r u le Th e th e d g e a

S tr e

e s ig p

4 ıIJ D .

b y th is i n ih n

t e e th o

e

f w o rm e e l s a re s u bl e a to T h is is d u e Io th e lid i s n g o f te e th

rs

j

a

g r e a te r

w e a r

th a

n

s s es

fa iı u r e in

j

M

a r c a ffe c t e d

th e

g e a r is d u e to s e iz u r e T h m e fo r e th e a llo w a b le p ) m n t a c t s tr e s s e s a r e a s s i ı g ıe d d e p e n diııg o n th e c o n ıb in a tio n o f (d c s igz i l t a e m a d r s u h ı t e \ ţ loci o f s lid i t u ıg o x ıta c n g N e g le c tin g th e n u m b e r o f lo a d h i t e m i e c n n a t d s u t e o f a llo w a b le s tr g th e o r es e s s is considerab l o w O e e n d u r a n «x lim it a re

a o r

S in c e t h e w n n t h r e a d s p o c a lc u la te d fo r te n d in g T h e d e s ig n T

M W

a te r ia

a

s tr e s s e s a r e

bk 43 D

es

on

B

v e M g h s tr e n g th

gh m

in T a b le s 4 3

t a c t S tr e s s ,

S lid in g

C a i t ï r ?n S te e l

ig n C

ı

heel

ı o n ı

sse s s

ly th e

a iıd

4 4

0 5

1

1 1 4 0

12 0

10 0

19 0

1 85

IT6

itv V ,

h e e l te e th

n ı ı ı ı

,

v e lo c

w

2

[o . ] N

0 3

ro n z e

o n

y

l

m

s

2

3

lb ı l

15 9

4 14 9

N o te T h e a n n e \ a lu e s a r e fo r accura[tly c u T a n d w e ll lu b r ic a [e d w o r m f h g e a r p a ir ı t e s e tw o c Łr n d itio n s a r e n o t s a tis fie d R e d u c e th c a b o v e v a lu e s h y 41 3 0 6 T h t a b o w \ a lu e s n e e d n o ( b e m o d ifie d fo r fa tig u e tile a s t h e m a in fa ilu r e in w o ï m g e a r in g is d u e [o s e e T

M o w

a te r ia

l

M

e th o

c a s t in

l he e l

w

a

he

e

bı e 4 4 D

d

o

l

ig n B e ııd iııg s tr e

ss

,

[o b ] N ,

2 m

m

o

イ

g ば l

亀 m

2

d ir e c t io

tı o n

ı y

tx

tt

h d ir e c tio

78

M

C h ill

1 10

90

S a iıd

50

35

55

40

60

47

250

30

20

3 50

40

27 5

Sa n d

B

es

o

>

.

3

n s

ze ı ro ı

C h ill

C a s t in

么屋Z W

on

om

C

en

o

C

e n tr ifu

G

ra

G

rade

G tn e

35 b

<

39 0

ga uy

d e 25

e ır

U

es

d is t a n

ir

F

om

》

b

i

ce

Scanned by CamScanner

四■區

4 7 '

tıv

tl

[o c ] O-

r '" ta c t s 【 S s tr e s ıta c t coı '

=

de sw

=

iï ıd u

co n cc

d

he e ı

w

in N /m

c

iz / q ) J o

tb e

io

=

b

s u l su e s

b e o d io g

ir ıd u c e d 1 9 [M , }

th e

w ,

m

2

he e l

=

q

z

s lid in

g

m

V

一

60

h lirıe

x

2

p itc h

w

o rm

/s

ity

o

he re

n l

o v e lo c ity

q

ee

w o rm

-

w o rm

f th e

10 0 0 w

=

m

切 v e lo c

4 6)

(F ig

ity

v e lo c

s

p itc

V

yv

f tb e

d iī ı r p m

w

x

sp e e

d irı 印 m

he e l

le a d ilım

m

60 X 10 0 0

G

v

l

G 46 Fı 4 1 3 E M id

(m

e n cy

a r in g T h e lo s s e s in a w o r m g e a r d r iv e a r e c o n s titu te d b y th e lo s s e s in g e th e th r e a d s a lo n g th e w h e e l te e th ), in a in ly d u e to th e s lid in g o f th e w o r m

h e e l b e a r in g s , a iıd th o s e d u e to th e c h u r n in g a i ıd s p la s h in g lu b r ic a tin g o il T h e e ffic ie n c y o f th e g e a r in g c o n s id e ń n o n l th e e a r in g lo s s e s is g y g w om

ı a iıd w

o

f

,

(Y

ta n

+ p

(4

)

h e r e p is th e a n le o f fr ic tio n th t d a g e p e n d s o n th e d a te p a ir , s u r fa c e fin is h lu b r ic a tio n a n d v e lo c it o f lid i s n g y S lid in g w io c i[ v e r s u s f i i r a o n al y ffi i w

m

n ıa te r ia ls o

13 )

f tb e

,

co e

c e n t is

g iv e n in F ig 4 7

Scanned by CamScanner

48

: ĝ:'"

c o t

ţ

os

10

S

15

i id in g w

ı o c it y

35

3 0

Z S

2 0 ls

m

F IG 4 7

d e te r m

T a k in g im o ı in e d b ľ th e fo ワ

Rt»

4 14 t

W

n

t ıu

m

ll th e lo

。 7 u

a

s se s

in th e

th e

w o n ıı

e

flic ie w

is

kĻ

一

l lm

o ï a

a

j

p

ン우 p )

ta l リ

ı呷

ķ s is

d r in e s p r o d u c e n ıu c h h e a t U n le s s p r o p e r h e a t r e ıııo \ a l is \ P r a n tb e d r in e m a y n e n t u a W b e c a u s e a n e r h e a tin g w m d e a e a s e th e e o f th e o il c o n t a in e d in th e casimŁr a is ir ı g th e r is k o f s e iz u r e T h e á ń E n o 【b e s u b je c t to c H e r h e a lin g if W

o rm

,

H

ea

l

(P c rw

q)

(1 =

A

\ t

=

e ith e r

a r

}\

=

h

p e r a tu r e

i

te

sh o

(«

n ıp e r a

w er

2

ņ

tu a

th e

o

'"

H

=

ea t

\ (\

=

em

t

a

in

f th e

c a s in

g in

d in

m

ffic ie n t fo

?

n n e o m s id e th e

Æ to 2 4 W lm

'

w

ith

a

fa n

m o u n te

(H . )

r c ast

ir o

n

c a s in

15 )

gs )

2 a

llo w

1ıs rıa

is g r e a te r f h a n th e a u o w a b le iJag s rir fa c e a r e a A b y th e c o o ł T h is c a iı b e a c c o m p lis h e d in

cmg

rııo s p h e r e aı

(4

9 0P C is th e

f o il (70

th e

to

)A

(h e a ıtr a n s fe r

c

e

p

(1 ) in c r e a s e

iby c o o łiņ g

)

a re a o

ĺ o rc e d

use

a

s

=

o

ss

to 1 7 w

8

te m

t

lo

in p u t p ?

x

-

a

?

e r

(H g )

d

e r a te

ge n

d

o n

a

b le

lh r

ta

te m

ke n

p e r a tu r e ) C in th e as W

d e s ig n e r s h o u ld o r (2 ) a d d in g c o o lin g o n e o f th e fo u o w in g th r e e v a lu

q

th e

th e w o m ı s h a ft H ı th is c a s e

,

FC

ı a /Ł

c

習 習

) b y c in c ırla tiıtg

th e

o

il th r o u g h

an o

il c o o le r

,

1ıs iÐg a

pum p

Scanned by CamScanner

4 9

4 Ix L «

a

ıth

o

fw

o rm

h ı

・

d th ı

ce w

o

H

T a b le 4 3

fw heeı g th

n

fW

o

o rm

L e n g th &

Ųt v i n a

u u « ıtw

q

T

2

tw

5

W id th T a bı e 4 6, F a c e

o

L

fw

o rm

0 06

Z

o

+

(12

L z

4

Į w

(1 1

,

+

)M

0 09

z

\ x

\

)m

x

b f W hee ı ,

飞

.

2

4

4 16 D

e s ig n

0 75 d ı

de 2

0 75 d l

de 2

da 2 + 1 5 m

0 (į 7 d l

de 2

da 2 + m

P r o c ed u

(T a b le

he e l

)

x

x

x

4 3 & T a b le 4 4 )

S e le c t th e

2

D

i)

D e p e n d in g o n th e e ffic ie n c y t뇨e n z is d e te r m in e d

in

m

w

re

1

e te r m

?

f th e

e te r o

da 2 + 2

3

o r

(m

dc 2

b

Z

D ia m

ta ls m a te r i

d is ta n c e

tr e

e ce n

4 7)

(E q n

a

re

q u ir e m

en

t Z is c h o s e n

(T a b le

4 1) an

d

' f te e th o n w o r m w h e e l is c h o s e n b e tw e e n 2 i a n d 8 5 T he b e r o f te e th s h o u ld n o t b e b e lo w 2 2 s o a s to h a v e a d e q u a te c o n ta n m ct > 8 0 is n o t r e c o m m e n d e d , b e c a u s e th is w ill in c r e a s e th s u r fa c e z e d ia m e te r o f th e w h e e l a n d th e d is ta n c e b e tw e e n th e b e a r in g s o f th e w o rm a n d in te n s ify its d e fo r m a tio n

N

iiì

u rııb e r o

C ho

o se

in itia lly d ia m

1 1 T h is c a n v a r y fr o m 8 to 13 fa c to r q ta k e n fo r fitte d o n w o r m s to in c r e a s e th e ir

e te r

-

(L a r g e r v a lu e s o f q a r e dł Fr o m T a b le 4 2 ) m q . [o c ] in itia l v a lu e is c h o s e n a t V s A s s u n ıe k k 1 (in itia lly ) d a s u ita b le v a lu e (k o

r ig id ity

iv )

-

3

-

m

/s e c

(T a b le

4 3)

-

-

k kd

)

M

V 2 < 3m / s = 1 2 fo r V 2 > 3 m / s ) r e fe r s to th e w h e e ıto r q u e

t

a lc u la te

C

3

1 fo

=

kd v

1

=

r

ia l m o d u le m x s ta n d a r d m o d u le

4

M gh e r R e v is e a a n d

5

C

o

ff to

a

u

a lc u la te th e se e

o

b ta in d l

s lid in

q u a tio n ta n

[ c ] fo r

6

C

o rr e c t o

7

R

e v is e

u s in

?

k, kd

d a iı

y

g

-

q

ä»

-

l g iv e n in T a b le 4 2 R

rm u a

ound

x

V . =

th ë a c tu a l

[M t] fo r

m

g th e fo

Vs Ĵ

=

s

V

/c

os

y .

aĥ \ e ĵo

i# M 9 U lı

$ś q

r

ł￡&

ĺi ) w

*M

3

f

* e§￥ '

:

ßl

,

th e a c tu a l v e lo c it o f th e y

C h e c k fo r tlıe in d u c e d s tr e s s e s l a s a ıe lic a l g e a r a n d th e fo r m fa c to r is c h o s e n fo r d o n e fo r h e lic a l g e a r s

&

v ir tu a l n u m

b

i

Scanned by CamScanner

4 10 v a lu e

ţ YXt ił

''

, '

w ay

o n e

o

f

d is s ip a te th e h e a t o w e r lo s s a n d th e a r c a r e q u ir e d to p c l a n d o th e r f w id th o f th e w h e e D c tc r m in c th c le n g th o r th e w o r m , a c e d 4 6) d im e n s io n s o f lh c w h e e l (T a b le s 4 2 , 4 5 a n th c a lc u la te

t0 t1 b a s ic

tr e

b x th c c e h c d e s ig n o r th c d r iv e is fo r a s p e e d r c d u c c r (g e a r o ), t f I d by 12 T h is s h o u ld b e o b ta in e s h o u id h c a s ta n d a r d (p r e fe r r e d ) o n e d is ta n c e a d z (in te g e r ) r ia le ı y s e le c tin g m x (s ta n d a r d ), q , z (in te g e r ), a n a p p ro p 4 1 p r o b le m d o f 14 4 0 D e s ig n a w o r m g e a r d r iv e to tr a n s m it 2 2 5 k w a t a w o r m s p e e d e s ir e d T h e V e lo c ity r a tio is 2 4 1 A n e ffic ie n c y o f a tle a s t 8 5 % is rpm h ld b e r e s tr ic te d to 4 0 °C i e r a tu r e r s e s o u n

te m p

D

in

e t;e r m

th e

e

e c tio n Seı

1

) b) a

W

o rn ı

W

n ee

o

B

lin g

a re a

l

(s a n d

ro n z e

o

co o

fı n a te r ia ı

s te e

l

q u ir e d

re

390 N / m

<

u

)

c a st

2

m

2

(T

[o b ] 5 0 N / m m (R o ta tio n in o n e =

c u la tio n Caı

2

C ho

tr e d is ta

re

h e th e r

w

q

o se

A

ssu m

A

ssu m e

[o c ]

e

1 59 N /m

ー

in itia lly k k d

w D e e ļ to r q u

[M t]

k

=

)

c o rre sp o n

24

=

25

e e n

3

×

an

d in g

=

3

e

2

m

a

M

2 7t X

M

o w er X

rpm

t

t V

-

s

a

一

T a ke

o

f

a x ia

2 a / (q + m

x

=

3

o r

4

d 85

3

m

-

z

ın

)

一

1o m m

(T

/s

=

o

22 5

60

f th e

w

he e l

-

2 7r

l x l × 3 58 1 × 10

1]

[(T 2 / 1 1 ) +

x

f s ta r ts , Z

a

b le 4 3 )

1

-

-

kkd

o

C aı cu ı a tio n

o

72

2 -

be r

n u m

11

-

P

の

,

lie s b e tw

z

n

b le 4 4 )

n ce

-

=

C he ck

日 间 蚋

cen

q u ir e d is 8 5 % iz 3 is c h o s e n z

E ffic ie n c y Z

f

o

d ir e c tio

a

35

3

X

_

\

du ı e (T a b le 4 2 ) (2 × 3 4 6 )ノ(1 1 + 72 ) 一 8 4

×

10

3

(14 4

冒阽田 同 团 团

3 5 8 1 >ą

' 一

34 6

田 m

ıo

田 田

(s ta n d a r d )

Scanned by CamScanner

毒ï

dı

tt <

-

tr%

io d ı d \1 N ı + 1)

・ m

Rni

14

r ıı ,

ı

7 1)

m 4 1l m

.

ł, tq

心 习自

按

a o T ı

k ad

孓

-

lc a rw

=

s i m R

?

i

w V 2

o n n s

-

14 4 0 ×

60

V M l

S

8

@

m

60 3 x

}

m

10 00 X 10

× T

'

m

=

kkd M

,

-

3 58 1

x

3

s <

m

10

3

N

m m

l r l ス 互 1 日上

3

c

l\ kd

=

1 9 IM O

Ł

,

2

[o c ]

<

1

=

o

f tb e

(o r Z

q

z

19 10

\

1 7 22 N / m

m

T m

he e L ı

)

1 3

(in itia l v a lu e its e lg

py

W

1 27 N / m

=

×

3 58 1

x

m

10

X

10

2

3

<

×

11

{o b }

x =

48 )

3

2

3

50 N / m

ı n

2

49 )

(E q n

72 × 0 4 99

zq

=

=

Eı m ? c ı ea q

w

bī

x

=

m

90

ity

d u c ed

/s

3 58 1

m

6o

re

c

10

a

12 1 N / m

/s

s tr e s s e s

54 0

o

e \ te lo c

.

m

m

{o 】is

d ifie d

14 4 0 × Z P a

10 1 x 1 x 3 58 1 x

-

D e a e r m in a tio ııı o f in d ııc e d

一

m o

l p itc b lin

22

.

.

10 0 0

1o

l\

x

8 3

l lt) ı ïi n

10 0 0

×

12

-

a fo r th e a c tu

-

。

14 4 0

l lu

0O X

C 】a

'"

'

ı a n «l [M , }

L

c \ se

4 .

旧

×

n

10 0 0

￥

ß X °

ı5 Z i

-

d,

01

II

-

.

目

y

*

S

M

zi

«

rrï tł

z

3

lm

y

3 7 2 / Q O ls 0 2 9

其 一 0 4 99

ゆ匱

=

80

8 0 te d h )

Scanned by CamScanner

H

10

t R em

ea

ova

)

ı n pu l Po

×

rl

(1

0 8 4 7 ) 2 2 50 0 6

=

m

w e r

K

-

10 x 4 0

=

T a ke K

A

2

t

t

t

L

ĺ

. .

N

c

f

o

(1 2 12 .

z

L ;

m

2

/oc

M

+ +

be r

o

0 09

35

f th r e a d s

ber

n u m

225

=

) n ı.

o

m

c tu a

ıe

tc

r

da1

d ia n

ıe

te

r

T ip d ia n R

o o t

2

1 10

x

2m

dl

a llo w a iıc e

)

2 2 5 / (J t X 1 0 )

=

x

7 16

=

ber

-

1 10

-

1 10 +

m

m

m m

2

10

×

130

=

m

m

2c

x

2

25 1 2

-

.

.

2m

10

×

tm

n m

n m

dl

w o rm

=

/J

L

-

h o le

8

+

n

8

as

-

dl

-

dn

ı

nu

ith g r in d in g

a w

f th r e a d s

8 9.

1

w o rn ı

ld b e

l le n g th o f w o r n p itc h d ia m e te r o f th e

A

(w

m

o n

sh o u

f th r e a d s

o

z

. 9 x 7 2) 1 0 =

0

(0

×

3

10 )

×

84

=

m

m

W U ee l

id th

Face

w

b

=

0 75 d l

p itc h

c ir c le

T ip d ia m a x im u m

o

f th e -

e te r o w

1 10

×

e te r o

f th e

(T

hee l

w

0 75

d ia m

w

h e e l d ia m

f th e

heel e te r

82 5

=

da2

=

de 2

-

t d ia m e te r

o

f th e

w

he e l

=

(z

-

da 2

zm

-

+

1 5

=

n 't]

(z (7 2

T 2 X 10

=

.

2 )m

+

7 40 + 1 5

d tz

a b le

4 (\)

m

m

h e e l, d 2

w

=

o o

4 5)

e (T a b ı

w o rm

5 +

L

-

T ake

R

'

(g iv e n )

° 40 C

-

.

o

10 W

=

o rm

L te n g th

M

4 15 )

(Iqn

1. ) A

' t ( "ť

e n s lo n s

B a s le D lm

w

ı s ys ı

n a

(1 A 11 1 1

ıA

m

-

x

(7 2

+

72 0

=

2 ) X 10

740

=

(T

.

× 10

2 )m

m

m

x

2 )1 0

755

=

m

a

m

m

b le 4 6 )

m

2c 2 x 0 3 × 10

is th e d e s ig n to r q u

e

=

6 94

(o u tp u t

m

m

to r q u e

)

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

°

:

ł

5

d

in p u t s p e e S pe e d r e d u c e r s M bev el ic a ı he ı , ,

.

SP E E D R E D U C E R S

,

be

c la s s ifie

g to th e typ e o f d r iv e u s e d an d w o rn ı B e a r s ), n u ıııb e r o f s ta g e s (s in g le s ta g e , (s p d t a r r a n g e m e n t o f s h a fts áo u b *e s ta g e , e c ) m (h o r iz o n t￠ v e r tiw p a r a lle l i F i t a i ı r t e e s c c n ) g 5 1 g iv e s th e s c h e m a tic d ia g r a m s o f m o s t g c o a x i￠ f h t t d t e o o o s e d a n d w o rm e l s r e d u c tio n g e a r s yp w id e y u can

d

a c c o r d in

HS

i8 8

10

i = 10

60

D io

H i = 10

i

￠

1

'

Ť 10

25

60

a

10

12

,

Scanned by CamScanner

52

1

Su

2

P la

3

M

n n e

n u

w h

t

lo r l

e e

F IG 5 2

Scanned by CamScanner

53 ,

RO

d tl c llo łı \ın ilR

g e a r s u s in g a p u m p In r e d u c tio n g e a r s th 57 c s h a fts s h o u ld b c a s ta n d a r d .

II lh p r e i*h u t o te tt l￠ï Ille

,

IN + * lrł tł #

tMM a ı lc o b e lw e o iı lh ł t ltlp ljr ł llld ł flllp m h t a t c u lł , 1e e u t\ti e t p r e fe r r e d ltı tttrb e tA in a l v a lu e s o r s p e e D r a llo a a r e ıtı h u »e le t le d h ł T h c a c tu a l v a ltı m ı￠ n ￥ lb ltM l e s o f th e e p c o d ra l u # h i l i e o u f « ł l ł h ı u u w n e s b y m o r e th (lm t ie an 4 c e n tr e

o no

N

58 nu m

no m

o m

be rs in a l o

F o rce

59 .

59 1

%

.

H

e

a n a

ı y e ia

ı ı c a ıg e a

ļÌ

r

i

f ge a rs deHl ł g ıı tıf n h n flb a ııd b e » r ı ı k I￠k d # d r iv e (F ı 5 3 B ) o

.

JdHĻ

M Ħ

F IG 5 3

FH

・

Fr ı

Fa

ı

Po a

« i » ť iī fł?

P in io

BM v

f

FO R C E

is

n

-

s ym

a

m

c

ł Į

ĹĮ

,

ĮĮ u

.

l

i)

)ı\ J fT i f

)

l{ Ĵ l

l)

Įî

,

!ł M f ıt

b'àf

łł

iv e 1o lh c tr ic a lı y p la c e d r c la ı

a

i

b $ł

Hį lċ inoiAns

A fd A L ÝS IS O P J ıı jJ

Pı n ı o n Sha n

i

.

lu

ł

J!

ĺ ıl

b e a r ln g «

Ë

Scanned by CamScanner

54

\

。

j

B M d ia g r g

。

兼

m

F lG 5 4

BM

-

H

BM n

-

B e M in g R

e ad

la m

Æ"

ı

m om cu

h th e ho r iz o n ta l ł p ane

b e n diq

'

Ļ

m ￠ m

en t

=

1/BM +

th e

蓑衣款 节

. H a ft

(F u

=

BM

y

4

F

d ia m

欲

L

e le , .

'

[・J is

the

"

Scanned by CamScanner

55

W L I2

L /2

F IG 5 5

W

5 92 .

G

o rm

ea r

D r iv e (F lg 5 6 )

w

Fa

Į

w m

'"

.

十 W h

F

F

ı

e e

d Z

Lw

G 5 6 Fı

ıo a d s ı

o n

W

吕M v & į isĮ

M

ı ı =

4

L

F_

BM H BM R T

l4 * ın

F

=

ŝŤH

◆

=

-

L

=

rw m

=

Fr w I

o w m

s

F tw l

w

h ic h

w

ı

ı

GEA RS

1

M

P

ł "

ı1聞 m

w m n

4

Sh a

{8 M

à+

3

ĵ

Ð

V ł+

=

r

A N M Y S IS O F w O R M

w

tw m

SbaR

o rm ,

F

m

FO R C E

m

B M

Ĥ

ft W

L

U E

"

=

"

\

t a

i

/2 ı )

t th e

.

Ę

fţ .

(孓 l

吐コ

c e n tr e

f th e

'

'

ï Iş 〉 沩山

s q

a

Scanned by CamScanner

56

m

手

느

id p o lıd

니手 並

一

Fı G 5 70 .

F IG 5 7 b W

L

/4

BM R U s in g th is e q u a tio n o b ta in W 1 = r a d ia l lo a d o n th e b e a r in g - W J2 F a x ia ılo a d o n th . e b e a r in g = (F . / F r )b e i = / (W /2 ) N o w u ns X and Y t ı *

.

ı ı

F

-

can

l

\

=

r *h e r e

be

o

b ta in e d

B t Æ

v

Ti

ri

=

w

hee lM

to r q u e

(d 2 / 2 )

・

.

e

BM

5 93 .

L

oa

R

u s in g th is

(to 島四 回 G

d ı o ıı

W

D 姓v e (F l 各 S 名) S h a n n ıı .

ear

e

o

q u a tio rı, W 2

b ta in X

an

an

d Y

d h e n c e b e a 】in g fo r

w

h e e l s h a ft

_

Scanned by CamScanner

11

Fr P

Fı G 5 8

FO R C E

l

q t

lı '

F

'

P

o } p a

A N ALYSı s OF BEVEL G E ARS

B earı n s ııo a d s (F ı 5 1 0 ) g .

T

F IG s ıo

BM R = W L/4 2 F / P ( a r )b e a r in g - P a 2 / (W 2 / 2 ) P in lo n S ı ı a ll (F lg S 1 1 ) BM P 1 x (in th e p la n e o f th e p a p e r , c o u n te r c ı o c h w is e ) 1 r BM F ' (in th e p la n e o f th e p a p e r , d o c ln w is e ) 2

BM 3

B em

a

.

1

F t1

-

-

T

VBĦ

.

-

g ıo a d s ı

Im

a

se

a

x

{jË M

BM R

1

1

+

(in

th e p la n e p e r p e n 2

ı

B M 2) + B M ・

T

p

-

d ic u la r to th e p a p e r )

Å

p in io n

s h a ft to r q u e

s SM ) tip lo a d W 1 o

aı th e o v e r h a n

g in g s h a ft g iv e s B M R

Scanned by CamScanner

53

Ħ

U s in s th is

.

(F . / F

)b e ır in ￠

r

a

\ łg re a tc r

=

SH A

N TO N

F x

2b

=

equ a

o fR

tio

ıd aı

A

d e te r m in

n

W

e

1

an

d

be u

jq

g

R B

E

卜i

r l

f

ıt

卜 y

3

=

R

d *o o f S h a ft

×

F IG 5 1 2

し

M

R 기

U e ıa s S J

e U ı To r ı q ıe

ı

is 2 1 6 N

Seı e c tio ı ı

W

W hm

l jbJ

J 2

A

B ro

=

Z

Cm

z

lP u r

p o se

sp e e

d

In p u t ș h a f t sp e e d i s 984

rp m

re

du

rp m

ce r assu m

A ls o

l

w

2

°

2

7 .

h e e l to ı ı c

=

d

t

ų

ß 87

rq ue

=

3

=

0 80

16 X 2

=

T

dķ

2

nı a

iz

= =

t 62

n z e s a lıd c asi O

9 84 / 6 2

.

a te r ia

35 N l m m b 9 N / ın

=

sSı ı ı ı ı e

i

fm

a

a

in g

assu m e

S te e l

o r ın

o

o

m

' "

=

q 16

u

m

<

3 90 N / m

m

2

(T a b le (T a b le

/s

11

k

=

o

1

kķ

đ=

1

4 4)

4 3)

32

a SS ı JM

ju g 8 0 %

= 1 X l

cał c u la tl ı ı* U L oIı I

X 2 To

e ffic ie n c y -

2 70 N

=

2 16 /0 8

◆

270 N

m

n ı

=

0 0 02

m m

Scanned by CamScanner

5乡

w

d e g g a

c a re

*

.

-

1 60

m

a

-

p

S

m

(q

n ı x

05

=

n

+

x

c en

d be e d i s t a n c e sb o u ı

e

tr e d is ta

7

=

T ake

w

m

m

d ı=

o d ı lin e v e ı

w

8

60

×

8

×

\a

m

w o m a ıV

33

=

1 0 00

64

-

m

ı

n

i

6D

1 o oo

x

n ı/ s

'

an

'

14

-

z

lo J is r e d ııc e d to 1 5 4 N fm n ı fo r V V L ife fa c ta r h a s m ūo J \ r

34

-

.

x e

is

n o

n ee

P it c h lin

&

e

d to

m

a d

ă y lo J

o

fw he el

v e lo c ity

/s

m

re a aı

984 x 2

x

8

Jr x

0 82

-

S in D

o

ı e s ig ı

t o « łw

b

=

12 2 5 N /

-

\ H

=

2

m

/s

m

=

8

yv 2

8 l i5 N / ıı1ııı

<

×

8

×

o ] ı b

a

l lá

ł￠

i

k e n in to

a cc o u n

t

ł

ì

ď ßr i

ĒJ

j

1

270 N

=

n ı

J \

32

×

'

j 3

'

2

1 54 N / m

ııı

0 A 52 2

=

ta

× 1 0 00

l x 2 70

? 1 9 × 2 70 × 10 z

=

is

r

to a

Z Pa

ţ

m

一

q

l

c c o u n t ir ı i d n g to th e a cco r

a ı in

d y ta k d ió e d

s tr e s s e s

-

[c T j

60

kd

/

3

m n ı <

=

l x l x

=

】

-

c

3

n ı/ s <

ıa t i o ıı a f in d ııc e d

9

o

c e

6 0 x 10 0 0 V 2 - 0 82

n

V 2.

=

n ı/ s

3 4

=

g iw a ı in T a b le 4 3 T h e r e fo r e lo j is n ıo a c h ıa l s lid in g v e lo d w a o M Ilı v a h ıe s o f [o ] g iv e n in T a M e 4 4 , life la c to b th

be r

u m

=

g le y - ta iı q ) = ta ıı (2 / 8 ) = 3 3 / c o s 14° S E d in g \ e lo c ity V s = V /« x x I y M o d ific a tia m s o f to j a n đlo b ] ıJe a d

ho ı e n

a iıd z a s a w

ı u es

di

3r

f th e

o

6 4 × 98 4

x

d a rd

s ta n

8

-

=

x

(s ta n d a r d )

8

=

ı

% k e e p in g a a n d lï ıx a s 1 6 0 = 0 5 × 8 × (q + 3 2 ) d 1' n

7

T ake

s t a ııd a r

is

n ce

32)

+

e # is e

p itd

T h e r e fm

t

)

z

(U

n f

Rired q 6

re

m

16 0 :

dne c R 1 0 s e r ie s th e

s in g

U

slandafd

d

\

3 5 N / t ın ı

\

-

Yv

z -

/co

s

3

y

-

32 /c o

3

14°

˜

35

0 4 52

Scanned by CamScanner

5田

自1 ×

2r

60

温

ı« d Dı

» *

移 L

(lı+ 0 0 6 z ) n

-

Ļ

Z i ıR

ch

N

f ıh

ı

M

o

d ıie d L

F 钿ce

司

o

o

=

J ￠ a

6

=

P irc h d in

e 自e r o

F«

=

=

om

sw

2 5 ı2

6

x x

55 8

x

4

=

ın m

ı ıu n

-

-

-

)

6

=

ı50 72

=

m m

.

f lh e

w

뇨el =

b c d dļ a

e te r

=

4a

ち -

+

z

=

(z

ïn m

ヘ

2 1

+

L5n

ー

ı x

-

亞

48

×

8

m

=

m 臨

2 5 fin

+ 2 )8

2

=

2 84

=

=

m

m

ın n ı

m

m n

h w

=

« m cc

ı0 3 4

=

h e e l 一 0 7 5d ı = 0 7 5 × 6 4

hc w ofı

e

M ı= = = d iım

m

w

8

x

女

x J￠n

油由 a f 吐ıe

目

f ip d

W

dķ

x

-

32 ) 8

◆ 0 06 ×

(n

-

Ðo 10 1 4 + 3 5 (S ri= d in g a

=

,

ıa s

t

F

m

l ta n y

ta n

5 M / ta n 1 4 e

-

a

.

.

2 0 7 0 ta n 2 o p

2 07 0 N .

T5 3 4 N

Scanned by CamScanner

5 11

ヘ

F

o w

ı

ニ ー 1

f

if

dni

åi 48

)

,

J

?

im

o >

3 1 fj U c rt 】

fł

itı į Jl i lı 44f

L w l F ıG

T.

-

1

{B

1 6T

M c

Å+ s

m

=

2

+

16 3

99 N

=

p o r s h a ft o f m 0 Ni 2 Cr 1 Mo

4

[T ] T

a

=

55 N / m

a

o

(in a r d e n e d

28

c a rb o n

C 45

(a s s u p p lie d ) (c a s e h a r d e n e d )

C 14

1 6 × 9 9 x 1 07 1r

dL

=

te

n ı

(Ta

28

b

l e 5. ) ,

m

b le 5 1

m

=

p e r m is s ib le

hear

55

p e re d )

40

ı lo y s te e l (c a s e h a r d e n e d )

Low

a

aı ıd

.

te r ia l

[r ] 40 N i2 C r 1 M

10 0 n n rr ų

5 13

6

[T ]

5

￡Į !

30

25

5

55

d

20 9 w

de d

ro m

o

ff to 2 5

m

m

to s u it b e a r in g b o r e

B e a r in g S e le c tio n 2

\

=

F /F .

=

r

-

=

=

650 N

2 o r?iD N

2 0 7 0 7 6 50

=

32

Scanned by CamScanner

5 T2 .

tr￥JP

a x is o

f th e

s h a ft in a d di

tio

t

d \ f r X an l e 5 2 o b T a h c in g s (X a n d Y ) R e fe r to t ı er Bea r Roı r e T a p e 53 T a bı F./Fr > e F ı/ F r e Y X Y S e r ie s X 16 U 3? 8 20 T aw 1 45 04 0 0 41 1 2 2 9 32 20 R o lle r 1 35 0 44 B e a r in g 32 22 4 3 0 f th e s h a ft, s e le c t a s e r ie s th a t h a s a b e a K n o w in g th e d ia m e te r o l 5 3 w e fin d th a t, in th e tis te d b e ar fit th e s h a ft R e fe r r iq B to th e T a b e s e r ie s ) G r e a te r d ia m e te r n e te r is 3 0 m n ı 2206 s m a lle s t d ia ı s h ft is n o t h a n d i:h b e c o n s id e r e Ą in c a s e a b e a r in g s u ita ble fo r t e s a W e c o n s id e 】 th e b e a r in g wI ith b o r e 30 s h a ft d ia m e te r h a s to b e in c r e a s e d r a d ia l

.

,

yį ng awble

&

,

o

f 3 2 206

m m ,

s e r ie s

08

F o r th is

s e r ie s e

V

3

N P

F

r

ow

=

w e o

0 3 7 (T a b le 5 2 )

-

V

F

>

r

b ta in th e

e

th e r e fo r e x

,

0 4, Y

=

O (F , + Y P J S (A s s m (0 4 × 6 50 + 1 6 × 20 7 0 ) 1 5 5 358 N B a s ic dķn a m ic c a a c it c p y (L Ą r o )" k p (o r fr o m c h a r t C /P c a n b e o t ka in e q ) -

L

.

ro

lle r l

=

m

.

-

1 51

iu io n

r e v o lu

life

o

10 13

-

tio n s

f b e a r in

00

X

h a s to r u n 60 X 9 8 4 =

C

fa c to r S

=

s h a ft

2 .

k

r e q u ir e d

T he

L

r s e r v ic e

=

,

L 1o

16

e q u iv a le n t lo a d

-

For

=

(11 8 0

Y

1o

×

N

30

a

.

illio n

t 9 84 r m p

ı18 0 8

5 35 8

m

m

fo

illio n

rew r

lu tio n s

2 0 ,0 0 0 h o

rew

u rs

h ıtio ııs

4 4 , 7 36 N

C in N 4 3 8 0 0 (4 3 8 0

3 2 a )7 3 220 8

35

3 22 11

40

5 7 6 0 0 (5 T 6 0

55

t 3036350 @

W

900018ş1

Scanned by CamScanner

5 13 u tio n te s o ı

w

A a r

ıd ia ıs r

co n

ılo a d s

ta c t b e a r iıı i c a ıı l g a so b e u se d t o ta k e c a r e o f a x ia l a s

T a b le S 4 A

a r C gu ı

n

.

o n ta c t

B e a r in g s (x

a n

・

73 B

1

o r sh a

F

ft d ia m

S in c e F . / F , X

e

%

25

e te r

3 2

-

0 3 5, Y

=

p

W

0

>

0 35

n u ı ı, s e r ie s

55 & 5 6)

(T

ll

d Y)

s e r ie s

m

w e

e

(fo r

1 14

-

7205 B

(X F , + Y " k (L / L ıo ) " (1 1 8 0 8 / 1 )

F

)S

a ııd

7 305 B

th is s e r ie s ) fr o ,

0 57

_

0 57

c a iı b e e x a m

n ıT a

(0

1 14

in e d

b le 5 4 ,

35 X 6 50 + 0 57 × 2 070 1 5 2 111 N ) P C = F o r b a ll b e a r in s k 3 g , 3 2 1 1 1 - 2 2 3 12 N , B e a r in g 7 2 0 5 B o r 7 3 0 5 B d o e s n o t h a v e a d e q u a te d y ııa n ı ic c a p a c ity ta k e b e a r in g 7 3 0 6 B w h ic h h a s C 2 4 , 5 0 0 N B u t th e s h a ħ d ia m e te r h a s s a r in g b o r e o R w e m a y e v e n ta k e T 2 o s , =

.

-

=

=

=

%

X

T

B e a r in g N

a b le

53 A

D in

o

120 5 B

25

7208 B

40

7209 B

45 T

B e a r in g N 1305 B

a

F

sha

T T

*

c

t

v

-

H

-

R

-

L

«

4

ì75 1 I

86

(\

V73 i

Ą ss u m

e a r in

gs I

C in N

m

a r C gu ı m

ta c t B

o n

e a r in

g s Iı C in N

m

25

19 30 0

30

2 4 50 0

2

+

5 16 N

=

+ F

D2 aw

51 75

(1 9 3 0 k g (2 4 5 0 k g

l

73 2 N

_

×

e s h a ft m a te r ia

l as C 45

[T ]

=

0 1 .

5 1 T5 N

+

5M

0 25 6

x

_

4

51 86

N

n ı

m

(O 2 5 6 /2 )

2T 4 9 N

s tr e s s

x

4 -

_

p e m ıe

T53 4

4

2

T53 4 N

=

.

m

=

FM

,

\

=

F/

=

=

T he

Faw l

,

F

BM

n

D in

2 0 riro N

=

BM

ta c t B

on

ft

tw ı

BM

C

(1 1 6 0 k g Đ 25 0 0 0 (2 5 0 0 k g Ð 28000(2800kg

.

7306 B

W hed

m

r

1 16 0 0

b le 5 6 A

o

s u la

n

=

2 65 N

n ı

n ı

3o N /t m

2

ı

.

Scanned by CamScanner

画画■

5 t4

国 ı

tó T .

[f ]

ś

d

Æ

,

d

40 T a ke d，

36 田 の

=

ś 30

74 9 X tó ł 2

(731)

) /2

Fa

/2

-

-

14 6 4 N

5 16 N 0 3 56 = 5 16 / 14 6 4 = . a r in g s し

=

Ī X.X-

A s s u m e ta p e r 40

田田

x

1ď \

le s

N

c b o o se

F n ıT a b le 5 le r b e a r in g s r o fo ı

o

(b o re

)

m nı

W

fitıd

e

F. /P r

e

< e

-

-

03 7

X

0 31

=

1, Y

0

=

5

2 19 6 N

14 6 4 + 0 × 5 16 ) 1 (X F r + Y P ) S = (ıX 3 / 10 V k × 2 19 6 = 8 0 0 0 N C (L O ) P = (7 . 4 / 1) ic h is fa r g r e a t心r ı 图刃 飘 w ı T h e c h o s 胡 b e a r in g $ d Ę yııa ıııic c 昌\ 初y 虹配 in o r d e r Io a c c o m a o d a te the e 53 ) S W th c r e q u ir e d c a p a c ity ? a b ı P

=

=

=

'

th a n

s ha ft o

Aı te m

f d ia m

e te r

4 0 m ı th is b e a r in B

ı ı纽g u 姓o m ı a te 8 o ı

A 国包ıı ır 科 目 细目 沁园 爿叫声

P r o m T a b le 5 1 , c h o o s e b e a r in g N P r o m T a ble 5 4, w c fm d fo r th is b e a r i= F./ F P

.

C

-

,

-

om

(1 x 1464 3 (T4 4 / 1)

X

< q

+

0 ×

×

・

1 Y

5 16 ) ı5

2 19 6

-

=

7 2 0 8 B , w h ic h h a i 4 1 ı e -

a

bo re

o

f40

m m

O

=

,

o

2 19 6 N

9 23 6 N

T h c d yn a m ic c a a tit o f tb e se k « p y thc r c q ııir c d v a h e o f 9 23 6 N P r o bı eı n Sı g r e a te r th a n

be

c an

e

d b e a r in g & 2 50 0 0 N

w

h ic b h ï ır

T ıp 自

Scanned by CamScanner

5 15

二

19 7 0 N

a

F tG

5 14

/ :

Fı G 5 16

88 + 2

=

T a ke L

CU

4 2 5 + 40

X

20

-

25 0

-

x

.

2b

(r c a s o n a b M

y

-

(2

5 to 3 ) × d ia m

2 × 42 5

=

e te r o

(D ia n ıe te r o f th e s h a ft is c n la

a o ır o r ı p n lo ııfo r c e s

l F

,1

\, BM BM

BM

n n ı ı

ua ı m o w n at

ıd s h a ı

.

・

66

l ta n a Ą ıta ııa

-

-

ı

=

F

2

-

F

3

=

F

rl

x

.ı

'

t,

x

cos s iı ıö

=

,

-

2Z 7

(a s s u m e d ) s ta g e )

10 0

=

th is

m

19 70 N 18 3

cos

19 70 ta n 2 op s in 18 5

2b x

=

680

(6 6 7 2 )

ıg r)O × 8 5

=

m

R dı a ıı ı e te r

1 g rı D ta n 2 op

-

-

Fđ

=

ı

ò1

m m

f th c s h a ft

2 X 6 5 X 10?

-

85

a

l

× =

85

=

N

=

2 27 N

5 7 8 00 N

T4 9 1 N

ó

68 0 N

=

m n ı

im ı ı

ı« a

Scanned by CamScanner

1

x 17 4 4

.

ÏH w

h ic h

N

] [. r

=

m m

25 N / m

m

2

兀 Us

35 田 m T a ke d、 B e a r in g s S e le c tio n o f W

×

W

85

BM

=

4 N 17 4 4 x 10

=

R

m m

2 05 2 N

=

T a k in g

ċ n t a bo u t A

m om

20 5 2 X 8 5

,

R B X 10 0

=

R B = 174 4 N B T a M n g m o m e n t a bo u t X 10 0 = W X 185 R

, i

A

on

N R A = 2 052 × 18 5 / 10 0 = 3 7 9 6 t A B e a r in g s e le c tio n is b a s e d i M a x im u n ır a d ia l lo a d is o n th e b e a r n g a f s a n ıe n u m b e r m a y b e u s e d i th e lo a d a t A F o r A a iıd B , th e b e a r n g s o A x ia l lo a d

F.

=

R a d ia l lo a d

/F

,

T a pe r

F

=

F 1 - 22 7 N . R A - 3 796 N

-

-

,

-

227/ 37%

ro

lle r b e a r in g

ss

0 06 m a

P o r s h a ft dia n ıe te r 3 5 P

(X F , + Y Ę )S (l × 3 79 6 + 0 X

.

-

L

C

W

30 ,0 0 0

.

60

" k

(L / L 1o )

-

×

42

-

Ę, Ę1

u

=

=

u se d

e

-

0 37 (T a b le 5 2

2T0 0 X 10 6

nı e te r

19 TO N

be

Î

3 2 20 6 0 8 )

r e v o lu tio n s .

6 0 92 9 N

iı *iiĮ lalii ałıa ı \

唱 0 o rc

22 7 N

s e r ie s

569 4 N

=

(2 T00 / 1)3/ 10 × 56 9 4

.

d a h a tt d h -

n

2 7)1 5

0 00

P

ら「區ı 旧u

n e e ıb n c e s an =

be n

×

m

y be

7

L

'

:

;í

\ü

ı

P

"

a t th e c e n tr e o

f th e

s h a ft

s o a s to

ga

a

g r e a te r

Scanned by CamScanner

5 .1 7

N

F

t2

Ft

2

d

©

o n

©

g iv e

\m

o re

be

s

n

«ıg in o r

d in g

m «» m

F ıG

T

.

[T ]

F o r C 14 , 16 1

Ř+ T

VBM

-

c

ś 一

=

[T 加] Į

・

25 N / m 16 × 2 3 5

e n

a n

In t h e h o r iz

t

g iv e

d o n

c o u

o

ta ı p ı a n

9 ? + 19 5

2

235 4 N

=

oo t= j

m

4 X ś

T a k e dļ

F 2 a

=

.

=

W

r

hee

>

e

l life

X

,

Č rl

8 ￡a

25

=

L

.

(L I L lo )V

k

ėk

T

t 52

ab e

8 2

iq

コ

[t

e

e

900

X

03 7

-

16

60 × 0 00/ i 00 / 3 ) = 3 0 0 0 0 × 6 0 × (0

-

C

n ıb

=

000

=

n ,ıia

UPto

m lıı

Ł "

680 N

0 4 Y

=

40

=

32 2 08 h a s 4 0 ń F /F a

4

ĺ Č s iĮ \

m ıĄ

A X ia l lo a d F

\

2

i ıı

,

36 3 2

Tw

e

石 =

e pı

5 17

l 1

=

F t2

y

x

1 09

re vo

lu tio

n s

ıł

P r

Ł

Fł \:

P į

=

Q ÇF .

(0 A

x

+

J S

10 5 5 +

.

l6 X

680)F

224 1 N

Scanned by CamScanner

pa ce

w

idth

o

f

tb e g e a f

%Adter

,

is 6 2 5 ta k e ,

p r o v id in g c le a r a iı 10 0 n u g th a s s h a ft le iı 2 m m =

m m

;

ce

b e tw e e n th e n (F ig 5 1 8 )

c o n s t it u te

L S 1 0 0

=

i F IG

«

・

aıl

5 ]8

ied

Scanned by CamScanner

5 ]9

i «l,

￡

4 18

m m

.

T

a

ke d .

45

-

.

3*

(s ta ix ta r d )

m m

J

#

k c tl￠pra n # t$t ￠￠4 ı 4 p 口r 珀a fi cliam四 比 r 5 回 国 ， w e r e te r to 7 2 B s e r ie s o f i o a d o o tb e s h a fĻ T a b le 5 A ) S n c e th e r e is a lı a x ia l ı bc a r in g» ( h n c a o lr c to b c c bc a r iw i

Ţ

g u la r n g d a r

an

じ口口加 伐

a

c o n ta d

,

・

36 0 00 % 6 0 " k

x

(4 T 5 / 4 ) 2 5 6 t/ 3 (2 5 6 5 / 1) =

5

×

1

r e v o lu tio n s

o r (ı

x 3 6 6 0 = 2 32 5 4 N P = (L / L u t) 2 80 0 0 N m e e ts ? B e a ń n g w ith n u m b e r 7 2 09 8 w itb C ď d }n a m ic lo a d c a \ ity a n d s h a ft d ia m e te r (T a b le 5 5 )

C

,

1 14

￠

L

y

n rÞs

-

M

ıe e

em

r

=

l)

e n

ts

Pro b ı a » SA

D

e * ig n tb e

g ie a r

i h a ïu

O r tb e

r e v e r te

d g e a r tr a in

th e F i\

s b o w ıı in

e

5 19

iln p u t

Pb w e r

M

o

d

u

le

=

1 83

◆

5

◆

50

K

w

m» m

用 币

N& 10 6

も

:

一

32

爾 哗

：

学

ノ ー

牡 ド

F IG

5 19

i

F

械

矿

Scanned by CamScanner

T

«

T

o ￠ï

T

on

q

P

e æ lı

p

e o 1

p

e æ

e r

w

2

T

3

ı

ił

j

o? ı

X

=

×

￠0

制产X L 83프 & ıi 2 r x ı0

=

Ø × 60

×

x

n

ıM

쁘

16 3 L 9 8 N =

一

d « in ń ıiıi d b n n

.

ı8 2 N

go u

W

.

_

32 0

Tı

=

\ T.

m

d

-

r

2 T _

p

D d p ů

Ļ T

gw

T

LS į

af p « D 【m ı* im bc p i o fı

=

*

=

m

*

g

Ū

a ıd

*

r ı '

f

i

ı l

°

r

iz

￠ irı .

Fi

F

.

fi ł

-

fi

tJ

￠ 13

ı

-

ł 4

ıeıııdid ło

ı m ı

e

d i￠ıl in c e

a*

Fı ￠ 5 ZD

ブ

.

一

ť be

封此乃 贸 ï e ıt ic a ı p

吕制レー

%

x

ら

ー

骂吼T5

×

観

b

e

d ıe ıo

%

二

胃 口 乃 舞目

Scanned by CamScanner

5 21

BM H R

F t4

=

e s u lta n

t

×

l3

+ e

T o rq u e

2

H

10 9 2 8

×

m

t

o m en

=

(1 6 3

T

2 _

,

Ł+

BM

À

m

À+

T m

N

t

m

V ÊM

-

2 00 9 8 N

F

n e

10 9 2 8 N

ł2

lo a d in g

d ia g

-

B M R

V ÊM

-

.

ta ı

o r iz o n

ta l p la

1 16 2 9 N

_

93)

n

0 1 =

2

09128 )

q u iv a le n t 29) +

-

-

b e n d in g

\

-

th e h o r iz o

m o m e n t in

B e n d in g

1

92 8 N

r cım

60 7 2 N

H o r iz o n ta l b e n d in g t

m o m e n

d ia g r o

Ve

r t ic a

lo

a

m

42

l

Fr 3

.

9

7

8

d in g

d ia g

ra m

ı2 2 0 9 V e r tic

be

13 2

3 0 9 33 N

N

l

a

d in g

n

m o m

e n

d io g

ra m

22 0 9 N

m

t

G 5 21 Fı

A

s s u n ıe

P e r m is s ib le

Ĵ rd

d3

=

she a r

ã

.

l H a r d e n e d a llo y s te e ' 0 N /m aı s tr e s s [T ] = 4

case

29 67

sh a

ft

n ıa te r ia

ı

a iıd

ta k e

,

[] T

as

? 16 × 2 00 98 × 10 ś 40

,

m

Æd m

=

30

m

ĝ m

Scanned by CamScanner

5 22 .

D

e s lg p o

f s h a ft ı

F u1

-

t

F

스 '

BM v BM H BM R

Te

1

36 4 N

-

a

3 64

=

x

° ta n 2 0

.

13 2 5 N

=

dl

=

=

ig n

8

F

r1

t1

x

X

V B

'1

=

'1

=

364 BM

T

+

[r ]

1 32 5 X 0 1 .

Ł+

VBM

-

=

0 1

X

m

p la n

d u e to

36 4 N

20

m

=

.

=

m

m

3

40

5

=

an d

m

m

f s h a ft 2

R e fe r to F i 5 2 1 g e h a v e , P - 36 4 N P t2 13 2 5 N , r2 P t3 = 1 0 9 2 8 N an d F 397 75 N ,3 VBM BM + B M R o

e

À l (13 2 5 )2 + (36 4 )2 3 8 T 4 N m ìl8 7 4 )2 + (1 8 9 42 8 N

16 × 4 2 8 × 10

M

13 2 5 N

=

=

,

18 17

=

v e r tic a l

tľ

S

?s

0 05

T h e s h a ft is s u b je c te d to b e n d in in th e g h o r iz o n ta l p la n e d u e to P

in th e

D

.

F t ı ta n

=

,1

18 2 一

1

.

Å

B M

T

.

Ĵr

R -

l60 7 2 )2 + VBM Å- T -

=

d

ŝ

.

Ł

(3 0 9 3 )2 l (6 8 1 4 2 ) .

6 8 14 N +

(5 4

m

6 1 )2

-

87 32 N

m

[r ]

16 X 8 7 3 2 X 10 3 Æ

d

5

40,

d2

22 36 =

25

n u n

n ım

Scanned by CamScanner

6

.

M U LTı SPE ED ttin g

cu

Be o

d fe e d a r e in g e o

m e tr ic

N

-

um

be r

o

f sp e e ds

a va

X is k n o w

/n z

ı ı a s th e c h a r a

1

z

l

￠

-

,

￠ is

s p in

d le

y s\

a re

a e r is tic o f a

e

d s te p s N

s ta g e o r

l-

N

N 2,

y

th e

n

gro u p

S tıu c 自虐r ııF 四门园圃心田 Z

-

w

&\

n

in F ig u r e 6 1

n

ila b ı c a t th e

= 18 P2 P3 = 3 3 2 C h a r a c te r la d c (X ) In a s ta g e th e r e

、

th e n

,

to o ls , d is c r e te

s e r ie s

Ħ

=

63

m a c h in e

6 1

F ıG

z

m

p r o g r e s s io n

g e a r b o x is s h o w

A lyp k

in e tr ic

r a te

an

ds

spe e

G EAR BO X

X P ı(X r) P 2 (X 2 ) P 3 (X 3 ) P 4 ( 4 ) he r e X ı= 1 , X 2 = P t X 3 = P ıh

Prı e ı o d pı ı ı e s to b T o a m id e x c e s s iv e ly 1\

thın 3 ,

tho

in a

e 》c e

X

'

i\

cxce

>

o

b t ıin

d ia m

o

jpd m

e te r o

(

63

)

an

=

uu»

f th e

be 4 p tio ııa l c a s e s it m a y iııa ll s t a s a

p t in th e ó r s t 熨 \

4

w

P

l

d e s lg ıı 6

h e e l a ııd

(3 ) It

2 a ls o

) to

lim it th e

is p r e fe r a b le 1o h a w

d

Scanned by CamScanner

￠ ı

n

ta

n

< 2 ı h put

4

fn p u t

H o rla o h to ı

OR

富 一

릍 鬲

rı o

G 1 ・

(4 ) T h e t= ııısı自issio 砬 r ıtio b 嘤w e 自砬 th e sp in d le it s h o u ı d b e th e ııııū￠iııııu a p o ssib ı e i\ s p e e d 0 0 .・

ar

d 吐出 s h a lt s h o u ld b e

￠b ūo w lo r ıll

h g z a a d ı4 lr Ř is ko e p

n ot

p

h *f ıı n pı

o

.

.

a

OR

ı i* ı

ı

Scanned by CamScanner

6 3

ke e p B u t, n

n

pu

N

in p u t

n eve r

ke e p .

ı n

in

M

m ax

n j n

m

_

n

t

in

m

n

in p u t

Fı G 6 4

63

Kı n em

a

tic A

rT a n

F ı G

a

gem

en

t

a n

d R a y D ia g r a

6 4

b

m

e 1 E x a n ıp ı

1 2 s p e e d g e a r b o x T h e s p e e d s a v a ila b le a t th e s p in d le a r e 3 1 5 , 4 5 , 6 3 90 , 12 5 , 18 0 , 2 5 0 , 3 55 , 50 0 , 7 1 0 , 1 0 0 0 a i ıd 1 4 1 0 r p n ı T h e s tr u c tu r a l fo r m u la is T h e k in a v a ila

b le in th e

F ıG

6 5

N E M A T IC Kı

n n

A R RA NGEM ENT

in P ig u r e 6 5 T w o s p e e d s a r e d s ta g e a iıd tw o in th e la s t s t\

12 S P E E D

G EA R BOX

in e th e s p e c ific s e r v e s to d e te m ı y s p a d D ia g r a m is s io n r a tio s a n d s p e e d s o f a ll th c s h a fts in th e d ı* e

R tr a n s m

tic a r r a n g e m e n t is s h o w fir s t s ta g e , th r e e iıı th e s e c o

e n ıa

a

v a lu e s o

"

f a ll th e

Scanned by CamScanner

6 4

F ıG

6 6

o

n

m

o ×

〈

=

n

lp

"

ip

R

a t io

g

=

o rp

re

2

35 5

q

>

Į

u ire m e n ts

s a tis f ie d

Scanned by CamScanner

\

t #

6 5

lin e s D r a w T h e r e a r e 1 2 o u tp u t s p e e d s D r a w 12 h o r iz o n ta l e q u id is ta n t id is ta n t lin e s to r e p r e s e n t s h a fts M a r k th e s p e e d s o n th e tic a ıe q u r e v 4 F i 6 6 a ) R e fe r to th e s tr u c tu r a l fo r m u la iz o n ta l lin e s ( g ,

ho r

2n d

1 s t s ta g e

on o

m ın

s ta

ge

s ta

sha

3 d

th e

3rd

ge

6 2 g e t h e r e a r e tw o ș p e e d s , b e tw e e n th e m 6 s te p s ï n 2 ( ). e n ts th e f ts th e n u m b e r o s p e e d s a v a ifa b le in a s ta g e , a n d (6 ) r e p r tehs e lo w e s t L o c a te a p o in t A o n n te r v a ls b e tw e e n th o s e tw o s p e e d s ı

In th e 3 r d se n r e p re o r s te p s

s ta

ft

m e e tın

,

g

th e

re

" inpu t Z 1 / 4

q u ir e m

T h e b e s t in p u t s p e e d is 12 5 r p m n 25 0 m ax 一 _ 2 an d W e ge t 12 5 n in u t

,

a

e n ts

th a t

n

m ax

/ n in u t ś 2 p

be

m

an

d

t p o in t C

p

n

in

m

=

n

3Ų

1/ 4 T h e

12 5

in p u t

bo ve

a

co n

d itio

n s w

ill n

t

o

e

t

if w

e c

ho

o se

, in p u t s p e e d in p u t s p e e d , if 6 3 th e is in s ta n c e , ta k e n as rp m Fo r / n i u T - 2 5 0 6 > 2 a n d it is n o t a c c e p ta b le If 1 8 o r p m is ta k e n a s th e n . p . . in p u t s p e e d n m in " in p u t - 3 1 5 / 1 8 0 < 1 / 4 w h ic h is a ls o n o t s a tis fa c to r y In th e s e c o n d s ta g e th e r e a r e 3 s p e e d s L o w e s t s p e e d is a t C , a lr e a d y lo c a te d T h e s p e e d s s h o u ld h a v e in te r v a ls b e tw e e n th e m 2 T h e r e fo r e lo c a te in t C in s te p s o f tw o in t e r v a ls F o r b h f h p o in ts D & E o n t e 3 r d s a t, a o v e p o d s ta g e , in p u t h th e s e th r e e o u tp u t s p e e d s (1 2 5 , 2 5 0 & 50 0 r p m ) in t e s e c o n L o c a te a n y p o in t o n s h a ft 2 m e e tin g s h a ft 2 s t a g e 1 , i e , fr o m s h o u ld b e fr o m If 12 5 r p m is ta k e n a s th e in p u t fo r th is s ta g e th e r e q u ir e m e n ts o f s p e e d r a tio 5 0 0 / 1 2 5 > 2 a n d th is is n o t s a tis fa c to r y /n th e n n

any

o

th e

į

r

8

,

in p u

m ax

3 55

an

W ith n

m m

/n

in p u

t

d 50 0

n

W

m ax

m ın

e

rp m

a r e th e s a tis fa c to r y

as rp m 35 5 / 125 / 355 > 1 4

-

W ith 5 0 0 n

,

t

-

in p u t p o in t, w e g e t, 50 0 / 50 0 = 1 < 2 , a n d

=

12 5 / 5 0 0

rp m

/

n

"

input

in p u t

lo c a te F

h ıp u t,

in p u t p o in ts °

l n in p u t

m aJ

=

500/ 35 5

<

2

an

d

as

a t 355

rp m

=

1/ 4

in th e

4

se c o n

d

s h a ft

d a t C g iv e s tw o o u tp u t s p e e d s a t A a n d s tg e 3 , " fın d in p u t s p e e B .I Kik o d ge two o u t p u t s p e e d s w h i ch c a n b e e w ırse i np u t s p e e d at D s f i u ı te d o n th e į in d ı b e (s h a ft 4 ) y d r a w in g lin e s fr o m D i, p a r a lle ıto C A a r d p CB ı in e s fr o m E , p a r a lle l to n pu t s e ed a t E p g iv e s tw o o u tp u t s p e e d s , a ııd ı C Ą ani c B h e o u tp u t s iıa ft h d t t t o s e e s m e a n b e d r a w n to k )c a pee s

:

司

Scanned by CamScanner

& 6

=a

E ļ A *ıP ļ Ê

* AóRAı Dı

M *ı Ð* Tı C

S TĦ )C R U R A L

A

FO R W

3 (1 ) 2 (3 )

+

2 (6 )

1 12

=

S TA G E 3 n

n

n n

R

Fı G &7

lp

Flg

w e

Nm Exa

ı ı ıp ı e

z

lo

du e mputeeds a d FE

ń

c a te a ll th e o ı ttp u

Illu s tr a te d

e,

\

5

ą

ı ı

n ı ax

°

12 0o

ï p

t sp e e d s T

2 to 4

ıı

to th e

F r o m th e se

5

◆

10 0

in

m

ıp

a t io

th e

re

m e t r

200

島

q u in e m

e n ts

s ta

in th e

ge s

«ı\s o

RA T DU G R A H I SP E ED CH A R T

F o r s ta e to W g th e 0 lin e G tr e m G , p a r a u e l to F q FD

in

1

a

a

Q re o

200

m o x

=

are

he

com

in p u t s e e d G d r a w p , p o i n d r a w lin e s

o u tp u t

p le t e d d ia g r a n ı is

ı sho w ı

g iv e n in a p 8 e s 6 6 to 6 1 1

T 5 r p ın T o ón d t he

sp e e

ds

Scanned by CamScanner

6 7 18

3

EX A M PL E

3 (I)

SP E E D

G EA R eox

3 {0

2 (9 )

R创幻 o lle

吲 鬧吕 n ıq u in p n ı

・d s o tls t ı

g

四 運

*E H A n C uı ı ◆ ı ız s

n o 64

坚 h 1 12

，

Z

1

砂

ı O A R R H * o o ıO ￠r U

2 00 / p 7 5 ı

ı ai

之身 1

砂

一

一

，

a ıd » d s n o t I ıı 그& o l e to ı c olae ve ry c ł

m

×

ıt0 ó x

l J06 × 1 J06 ım

x

ım

切 。 砂 = 1 コ心乱 F lıd o « w b e &

Č

x

L 0 6 x ı0 6

«

x

L=

15

×

U

・邮

￠ 75 × ,

ı

er

i p ıe ıd rr d

io l Jo 6

m

×

曲 冒 e ó ııd 邙 沁 园 o l 自bı ıiıe d 四 ・d 国目d 田园し 国 ら目国回国卜ı自ı

?5 75

* øw M V oı

e

13 4

钿

阑

姒

虹

\

《 C

. :

.

'

/

lig Scanned by CamScanner

弘口

回回甲

R A V D IA G R A M F O R 1 8 SP E E D te m o te (A ı so ı u t io n )

뇹 EAR

島ö x

˜

中 ・ 1 25

EB m

二鳥

p le 6 1 6 s p e e d s a re \ -

曲 e 《L

5 6 0 ĦT )

5 60 / 10 0

°

Ł

￠

.

i;

n

10 0

-

>

. " ,

'

qu

ļ J

rp m

￠= 1 12 T 】 his is .

,

Z UO

,

u

a

Z b i . Łi ł! n

'

ta n

"

a r d r a tio

,

22 4 25 0 0 , 2 8 0 3 15 3 5 , 5 , 40 0 , 4 5 0 , 50 , , ,

į )了 只 bi$Łl

ı

"

￡ Į

)ç:'

Scanned by CamScanner

6 9 EXAM PLE

:

16

4

S PE ED

G E A R

B O IX

R

a

tio

o re

re q u

so

ir e

m e n

ts

t is f ie d

lı

1

F ıG

E組

国n p ı e

%

C N EM A Tı Kı

6 10

A

V

A R R A N G E M E N T A N D R A V D IA G R A M

, ı

7 -

ax

14 0 0

rp m

,

Z

1 4 S te p

=

ra

tio

qb

-

=

1 26 T

o

fu ıd th e

n

m

in a ııa

雯们 角 弘 rrï e

% in = a x / P T r y R 10 s e r ie s 40 0 , 5 0 0 6 3 0 8 , ,

ı ıu

ı r

ith ￠= 1 2 5 T h e s p e e d s a r e 1 0 0 1 2 5 1 6 0 , 2 0 0 , 2 0 , 36 10 0 0 a n d 1 2 5 0 r p m a te d is 1 2 5 0 r p u ı R e q u ir e d n ıa x im u n ıs p e e d is 1 4 0 0 r p n w h e c a la ıł T his d e v i i a t o n is n o t a c c e p ta b le ,

N

o w

,

w ıtit e

T a ke R 20

w

1 12 X

s e r ie s w

,

,

1 12

itb qb

= =

1 2 54 1 n

s k ip p in

g

o n e spe e

d W

e

s ta r t

fr o

n ı 1 12

,

Scanned by CamScanner

6 to ,

上

上

F IG 6 11 R A Y D ı AGR AM

F O R 16 S P E E D G E A R B O X

Aı t《 n o te s o lu tio

X

e

園

n

Ţ .

I

中冒 1

X

ta

een

20

12

a iıd

1

d

14 0 0

rpm

T h is is

,

E a￠a m p ı e 8 14 ș

1

sp e e

4 00 /2 0 ı R 10

ds -

a re re

q u ir e d b e tw

'

￠

S e r ie s ,

,

12 0 0 / 1 0 0

.

2 0 , 25 , 3 1 5 ,

,

0 , 6 3 , 8 0 10 0 1 2 5 1 6 , 0 , 2 0 0 , 2 50 , 3 15 & 40 0 , ,

,

'

a r e r e q u ir e d -

C h e c k R 10

q

"

d 4 00 r p m

￠= 1 2 59

rpm

E xam pı e 9 12 s p e e d s

an

1 ,

￠

=

b e tw

een

1 253

10 0

an

d 12 00 r m p

Ļ

.

.

s e r ie s

100 , 12 5 , 1 6 0 2 0 0 2 5 0 3 15 , 4 0 0 50 0 , , , 6 30 , 8 00 1 0 0 0 , , m d 12 50 印 m , C a lc la !T d n l s g r e a te r b y 5 0 r p m th a m ax n th e r e 1ıl q re d s e e d

p

Scanned by CamScanner

6 11

STA G E 2 n

"

3 15

n rı o x

lp

T h is ls n o t s fa c to r y s o tı

If

1

<

40 0

w e

o

v ņ ry u tio n s oı

ho d c hosen

A

ı D w lı ◆ 4 50 rp m le o u ts id e h o v e to ı th e

ro

y d io g r o m

1国画回国图 1团团园国图 国团国图圈圈

16 0

園

。， 。

112

ı

困國 RAY

A G R A M D ı

( A ıt e

m

6 12

F ıG

e

te

ıo

FO R ı u lk m

Perm ı s s lb ı e 山eマ细心心匡

A a

u a

ıd e v ia tio

n

'

"

-

İ

10

G EA R BO X

￥ EED

l\ )

・

(1 2 5 0

-

16

◆

a

1 12

)%

'

(1 2 5 3 12 0 0 ) x

1) %

1 2 53 %

=

1 0 0 / 1 2 00

4 16 %

=

ï t is n o t p o s s ib ı e to h a v e s ta ııd a r d s p e e d s k e e p in g th e d e v ia tio n w ith m p c r m is s il»le h m its T h e r e fo r e e ith e r \° p t th e d e v ia tio n o r u s e n o n s ta n d a r d 1 2 00 r p m s p e e d s 10 0 , 1 0 0 × 1 2 5 3 , 10 0 × 1 2 5 3 .

E»

u n

e 10 pı

10 0 0 / 3 0

W

9 sw W 9 1 ￠ q

10 0 0

30

r ite

-

=

,

1 12

T ry R 2 0

T

30

×

re a

n o

)

12 X 1 1 2 X 1 U s k ip 3 s p e e d s

p in g th r e e 12 5 , 2 00 , 3 6 , m

s e r ie s s k ip

3 1 5, T h is is

(1

×

11 5

s

1 57

=

w 8 00

an

d 12 50

t s a t is fa c to r y

t ı5 5

1 l i5 , 3 0 × 1 1 5

a

a M a « d

r a tio

an

d

c am

a

te

th e

«p e e

ds

as

3 0,

' ,

园

四 ■

Scanned by CamScanner

ı e ı Exsm pı 9

s p e

9 0 0 / 56

W

=

b e tw qe e łı56 a n d 9 0 0 W 9 1 łA 1 5 =

￠

1 12

r ite

￠

,

14

12 × 1 1 2 ) =

(1

×

2 sp e e d s s kip p in g 2 s p e e d s

s k ip

T ry R 2 0

s e r ie s

5 6 , 8 0 , 1 11 1 6 0 , 2 2 4 , 3 1 5 , 4 50 , 6 3 0

an

d 9 00

Pro bı n 6 1 eı D

bo

x

th c k in e m a tic a r r a q g e

ra w

h a v in g

o u

W ė

g fr o

tp u t s p e e d s r a -

-

w r ite

1 12

q ×

6 1 ,

1 12

n ı«n

=

=

1 2 54

(

n ı46 0

d

ray

d i\

14 0 0

rp m

am

o

f

a s ix s e e p

d Be ar

ı2 4 9

￠

s k ip o m e s p e e

t an

d)

U

. Fı G

6 13

K ıN E M A T ı C

A R RAı *G E M E ı ıT

Scanned by CamScanner

6 13

1120

d a iı

S k ip o n e s p e e d fr o d i4 0 0 r p m ı aı

6

S tr u c tu r a l fo r m T h e k in e m a tic 1 4 r e s p e c tiv e ly

m

R 20

-

3 (1 ) 2 (3 )

u ı a

a rra n

ge m

se

ń e s T he

en t an

d

sp e e

ds

a re

d ia g r a ııı a r e

ra y

4 5 0 , 5 6 0 , 7 10 , 9 0 0 ,

F ig u

ı in sh o w ı

re s

6 13

62

ı rm pr o b ı

義蔡

C o n s id e r in g R 2 0 s e r ie s w e g e t th e t8 0 , 2 00 , 2 2 4 , 2 50 2 8 0 , 3 1 5 a n d 3 5 5 r p m R e fe r t o F lg 6 1 5 a g ra m e m a tlc d ı ı ı Kı

sp e e

,

ds

as

1 0 0 , 1 1 2 , 1 2 5 , 1 4 0 , 16 0 ,

,

.

.

.

R e fe r m F ı a g ra m & 6 16 S p e e d (R a y ) d ı S tr u c tu r a l fo r n ıu la : 3 (1 ) 2 (3 ) 2 (6 ) .

on a tı cu ı Caı

o

r

ber

n u m

o

.

f tæ th

Sgle 3 C o n s id e r th e r a y th a t g iv e s th e m a x im u m r e d u c tio n S p e e d is r e d u c e d fr o m 16 0 r p n ı to ı0 0 r p m W c m a y a s s u ın e th a t th e g e a r 1 3 o n s h a ft 3 . I lith 4 o n s h a ft 4 w ith te e th n u m b e r z 14 to te e th n u m b e r z 1 3 m e s h e s w ith th e g e a r ı V C th e o u tp u t s p e e d 1 0 0 r p m ,

u

T

z 3 1

-

2 o (d r iv e

tle sb o w a s ec o n

\

d pa Đ

Z

2 aD

m

iı fr o

m

s b ia

o

Ĥ 3 , fr o m \

ar

1 1, 1

_

to

be

i a ın e

fo r b o th

th c

p a ir s

o

f ge a rs

re

ıı

+ z 2 ı

o n s id e r

ıęo .

ïe

Z 3 + 1

=

z 4 1

=

20 + Ĵ t

=

ısıy a ) & (b ) Sim«eoı

9

z

th c

,

tp ı a to z

:

ı7 )

>

in c r e a s e fr o o fg

W

C

) (z 13

ıt p o in t T h is r a y th e r r a y , s ta r tin g fr o m th e in p ı 1 6 0 r p m to 2 0 0 r p m T h is is a c h ie v e d b y ııs in g th e

K T h e r e fo

r

U

吐ıe rp m .

ı

,

52 w e

ga

z

ı2

-

23 ı1

=

23

d is S 国 园 初m 國 n e d o a io lı p e e y 齒熊 够炯治 a ıĮc 9 a r d ı o fm Ħ e l6 0 n e t) T a k iıg z 9 - Z D (d r i ' 2 00 = 25 W C 88 l Z ł o ra

n ed u c e d

fr o 国ı

Scanned by CamScanner

p rG

￠ \s

Rı N

M A T IC

A R R A N G EM E N T

12

SP E E D G

A R O O lx

S TA G E 3 n

n

m a x

ĺp

2n

n

1 60

<

2

Th*

r o tto r * q u lre m m t* ıa tis ti* d lr ıth * o th e r 墓to g * 暴 0 l吕口

O t*

P tG

6 16

R A V OŁ A e RAM

.

1ł S p

lEo G EAR

eo x

,

9

ı1

l2 Į

Scanned by CamScanner

6 15

h o n s i? r t e o f e a rs a re a ir o g C

r

rhe p

S» F ı T ħe

th e r r a y tb a t iv e a B 7 and 8

spe e

d in

k

c re a se

2 0 0 to 2 2 4

o m

rp m

c o n s is ts o f th r e e g b l k it is o ck g e a r s p o r th is b ı h h t t t d a e n u m b e r o f te e th ılıe n d e o n a d ja c e n t g e a r s m u s t d iffc r b y re co m fo u r T h is is to a v o id in te r fe r e n c e o f g e a r o f o n e s h a ft w ith th e g e a r o f h r s h a li w h ile s h ift iw (A d d e n d u m c ir c le s o f g e a r s 1 & 5 m a y fo u l o n tb e o t e f i i h h b l t ng t e h ile s o c k r ig h tw a r d a n d le ftw a r d r e s e c tiv e l ea r 4 w s lid in

(z 3

)

z5

C o r r e s p o tıw z

4 ; (Z 3

>

a x in ıu ııı r e

M

ge

z

d u a io

l) ra

n

yp

es

H z s - 2 0, z 6 N 5 355 C o rıs id e r th e n e x t r a y S p e e d C o r r e s p o n d in g \ a r s a r e 1 á ır d 2 224 :

an

Z

N d 4 Z

_

N

Z2

3

re

200

_

=

l

A ls o

355

1

z2

-

e at r a

y g iv e s

=

=

sp e e

z

3

23 ,

-

Z

4

d

re

A ls o

35 5

N 3

Z4

d u a io

re

Z2

d u a iö n is fr o

=

Z5 +

%

d u c tio

,

22

(W b et ,

m

w

88

-

1

24

=

e in th is

=

Z

3

+ Z4

0 2

n ıa

y be

o n

92 Z6

Z -

a

=

Z

s

s

ll g e a r s

=

c a se

næ

,

355

m

rpm

to 2 2 4

rp m

+

Z6

to 25 0

rp m

th r o u g h g e a r s

56

-

b e r s o f (e e th o n a d ja c e n t o a v o id th is , Ħ o p o r tio n a te ly th a t th e r e q u ir e d ` ie r e n c e in

n u m

T

so

80

14 4

th e to o th

e

th e

自写明妇■

z3 -

rp m

33

=

ie c r e a s c tı ı e n u m b e r o f te e th to o ı h n ıım b e r s is o b ta in e d Z

2 00

to

rpm

56

-

ıı fr o n ı 3 5 5 r p m

e

T `

355

m

36

-

lin d th a t d iflc r e n c e b e tw e e n th e is le ó s tł 4 Ič e r fe r e m e w ill o c c tır ıa n

W

fr o

n

34

-

250

3

+

,

)

4

>

a iıd «»

s

a rs a re

5

_

a

y

p

g

n m

ıb e r s o r ig in a

uy

obtain by

a w

h o le

by 4 )

h e e ls h a v e b e c o m d to pac e

w

e

la r g E r ,

sm a

lle r

m o

d u le fo

in g

spe c

r

th is s ta g e

自马

A g e a r b o x is to b e d e s ir

T bc

ed w

d ia g r a m is s h o

id b «b e fo llo

w n

in F g

ı ir e

w

ific a tio n s

6 17

Scanned by CamScanner

6 16 ,

-

F ıG

6 17

C K ıN E M A T ı

18

A R RANG E M E N T

G EA R BO X

SPEED

S TA G n

m

ip

N

o t

n

m

in

sa

t is fa c to

a

e ilt o e p

ry

16

80

ı p

Tre

250

o x

n

"

3

te d o s t io n a l

5 a n co se

requiremen

R a t io th e ls s a t is fie d In h e r stags o ł

ĦG

6 18

RAY

D IA G R A M

18 S P E E D S

￠

=

1 ZS

Scanned by CamScanner

6 17

些 S tıs e 3 M

a x im u n ı r c d u c tio ıı is c o n s id e r e

lr t P ılr z

1ļ

=

z 2 ı

z

16 =

N

+

z

ta k e z 11

'

d u c tio

re

63 .

h

=

ı4

+

l

d

2 10 ,

z

2 0 + ı0 0

.

-

-

10 0

12 0

lto

12

)

n

0 78 7 5

.

80

N ı3

Z 4 1

3 ı

80

ı1

b

!l .

z

h

(a p e e d

Zn d P ılr

z

=

12

ta in s a m e

m a in

c e n tr e =

Z 3 ı

0 7875

0 787 5

3r d '

Z

+

14

z

Z

ı4

Z

t4

ı ıı￠n

'

E ı 6

z

16

12 0 ,

+

Z

+

3 1 2 5a

=

u

Z

=

67 1

Z

13

=

12 0

3 125

=

15

O

=

ı6

4 ı

ce

]

67

=

67

53

=

3 ı2 5

-

80

Z

d is ta n

)

ea se

=

N 15

16

12 0 ,

=

2 50

6 ı =

Z

定 「 . 三

芝糠燕燕 \

,

z

Zß

16

29 09

=

16

Z

12 0

=

29

=

29

91

=

S tıa e 2 lıt P b lr

N 6

z .

Z6

A

r

.

N5

zį

m c ı ssı

o J6 4

=

12 5

20 , p

-

-

ın ı r e a x iın ı

(M

20/ 0 6 4

=

du

3 1 24

a

io

=

n

)

31

2a d P b ı r

12 5

Z7

1 1 4 三

=

二

12 5

zo

l , 7 ,7 ◆ Z 8

=

Z rl

3n ıP b lr (s p e e d ı a cm .

_

z

\ ı «

9 +

Z 0 1

ıe

ıĶ

5 1 ıń

=

,

2 5,

=

ち

=

fs

下

马

一

・

'

26

=

)

z9

-

z o + t

ız l o z lo

ı

=

M

Z lo

=

5 1.

Z o l

29

=

3

O ıııh

n

m

1

=

J ı

A

» ) d» a ı

Scanned by CamScanner

6 18 ,

r 加 吐阳 ı

M

ic} + . 0 3 2 , ic3 + iq « 1 32 = z 0 3 2 X 4ı 0 32 4 4 + q 7 6 = 24 10 0

.

Z3

=

ı￠

2 0 + ßO

ı r4

黟

10 0 ,

100

=

,

,

l3

ir\t

75 7

T ,ł斛

n ı

.

'

llı ,

,

,

-

=

m e « h in

d b y th e ı ı o b tu in c L o w o a t 甲\ d IO r p m l 16 r p m ı o r clu e ı c u fo to ille ı T h o r o fo r o c a ı

R

o

r 11

an

u 12

,

,

T 1ó r m p

?LEI

14 7 2 2 Æ X 16 ,

«a

园

8 7 90 N

'

m

R 12

\

12

叫中

G P IG

12

・o r

,

6 19 ,

F IG

R

e fc r

P ig 6 19 .

,

N m w m

ow

c ir c le r a

p itc h

-

2 ı

Ī

2 2 ×

\

=

50

m

N

u øe tb c

fo

.

.

p tl2

=

t\ ￠t Łĺ Į

he r e , P t v

=

-

tia l fo

n

d iu s

o

la n g c n tla

l(l 试射如旧/ m

l fo r c e

on

)ノ(10 * 了대하

.

ł

rc e o n

r t

f g e a r 12

50 m

rm u ı a

=

=

6 20

R

.

' F ıla

,

§g

g e a r ]2 Ş!

(6 ] )

th e p itc h d r u e o f tb e e a r gi

Scanned by CamScanner

6 19 2

m

.

1 7 58 0 0 / (m

.

17 5 8

3

m

m

56

=

=

b

6

al

(s ta 10

da rd)

n

6

60

m m

tr e d is ta n c e in

s ta

=

×

=

a2

-

a3

-

L e n g th

o

(z 5 + z 6 ) (m / 2 ) (z 1 1 + Z 1 2 ) (m / 2 ) =

=

10

-

_

M

-

10 0 , fo

a te r ia r

lco

n s ta n

t

4 0 N i2 C

r

1 M

_

8 0 , fo

r

1 5 N i2 C r 1 M

=

3 0 , fo

r

C 45

28

o

15

o

ge 1

300 2 (2 0 + 3 1 )6 / 2

2

b/m

-

.

m

m m

cen

-

V M

m

10 m

=

10 0 0 )

X

(2 0

m

m

15 3

=

1 0 0 )6 / 2

+

m

m

360

-

m m

f s h a fts (F ig 6 2 0 )

c e b e tw e e n th e g e a r a n d g e a r b o x w a ll is to b e a b o u t 1 0 n ım h b d ( n t w e e e a ja c e n t g r o u p s o f g e a r s is to b e a b o u t 2 0 m m T o ta l D is ta n c e e i f 2 t r m n r h e e o u r e t le n g q p a ir s g r o u p a n d 3 p a ir s g r o u p a r e to b e 4 b a n d 7b r e s p e c tiv e ly

D is ta n

T hu L

le n g th

s th e

30

=

f th e

o

4b +

10 +

+

(F ir s t 3 0 P u ttin g b

S p in d ı e D A

d la s t 3 0 ge t L

20

-

en

20

a s

a re

=

12 0 0

7b +

+

fo

m m

is c e n tr a lly p la c e d d e s ig n (F ig 6 2 1 )

r s a fe r ° ,

F

.

-

d in g

n ıo m

(1 7 5 8 0 0 / m y 1 7 5 8 0 0 / (6 X e n

t

G

du

e

to P

co s

10 +

b e a r in g s

r

30

)

m m

« ır

T o rqu -

e o n

W

=

(N

20°

n

-

t

l g e a r fo r c e )

12004

×

Fh

f

a

e n

3 1 18 3 N

(3 1 1 8 3

=

o rm

o m

L /4

12

th e s p in d le T 1 2 +

F

=

n

th a t a M g h e r b e n d in g m

so

0 9396) =

ĦG

.

b ta in e d

r

BM

T

o

7b +

20 +

n u ıı, w e

th e g e a

s s u n ıe

-

B

an

ft is

e s ig n

is o b ta in e d fo a

60

=

sha

=

Ft /Co

=

93 55 0 4 5 N

m

m

s O Lr

21

8790

×

10

3

N

m n ı

nğxicP?-.ī8T90 × 1 6 12

园 Scanned by CamScanner 子

N l 6 20 1 2 8 3 6 7 x 10

=

W

T

d

n

[r ]

T a ke

[I

.

,

1 6 X 1 2 83 6 7 × 10

d s = 1 1 7 8 s = 1 18 s u it th is dia m e te r )

fo

N

m m

h a r d e n e d a llo y s te e l (T a b le 5 1 )

r c a se

3

5 40

￠

JÍ

2

40 N / n ım

=

3

(R

m m

a v a ila

C h e c k th e

s e r ie s .

40

b ility

o

f b e a r in

ßto

O R U

4 0 N i2 C r 1 M

se

W ith th is D

es

ı sp

se

w

he re T

o

r m u la

T

[T ]

0 2 d

=

f th e

=

d ia ıııe te r

=

p e r m is s ib le

o

sha

A llo y

o r

as

10 6

m m

(6 2)

[T ]

s te e ls ,

m m

in N / m

2

m

to p r o v id e s u ffic ie n t r ig id ity , lo w v a lu e

a ls o

+t

,

30 N / m

=

ft in

s h e a r s tr e s s

T o a c c o u n t fo r b e n d in g a n d f p e r m is s ib le s tr e s s e s a r e u s e d F o r C 4 5 , [T ] = 1 2 N / n u ıı2 F

m

to r q u e in N m

=

[T ]

55 N / m

=

d te m p e r e d ) a n d d s is o b ta in e d

an

2

fts

sha

fo

th e

U

[]

a te r ia l T

m

f o tlıe r

o

2 8 (h a r d e n e d

o

2

m

S h a ft 3 M in in

T

ıı u n sp e e

d 8 0 rp m

14 72 X 10

o rqu e

3

60

1 75 7 9 N

_

2 7r X 8 0

g a llo y s te e l, 1 7 5 7 9 x 10 3 _ 0 2 d

U

×

-

m

s in

ds

66 4

=

T ake d s

m

m

30

x

67

=

n ın ı

(R

40

s e r ie s

)

S h a ft 2 M in im

u m

sp e e

d 12 5

rp m

14 7 2 X 1 0 3 × 6 0 ı u

ı

q

u o

-

2 tr X

1 12 5 X 10 3

ds

=

57 2

0 2 d

.

60

.

30

×

m n ı

1 12 5 N n ı

=

125

(R

40

s e r ie s

)

Sha n 1 In p u t s p e e d T

o rq u e

28 1 5

ds

=

×

500 rp n

=

14 7 2 X

10

3

-

2n 10

36 06

3 .

m m

x

0 2 d -

ı .

×

50 0 ×

37 5

・

60 -

!

J

b

Į

28 1 5 N

m

30

n ı m

(R 4 0

s e r ie s

)

,

Į

:

.

.

Scanned by CamScanner

6 21 6 4

e p ro b ı D r a w th c k in c m a tic d ia g r a m a n d s p e e d d ia g r a m o f th c h c a d s to c k B e a r a t h c h a v in g a r r a tı c m c n t lo f a tu r r e t ı r 9 s p in d le s e e d s r a n g in g fr o m g p tmx o 0 C 5 m l l r 川 a c u a te th c n u m b e r p o l te e th o n e a c h g e a r M in im u m rpm 山 5 ı 3 tw r o f tt c th ( \ n a g e a r is 5 A ls o c a lc u la te th e p e r c e n ta g e d e v ia tio n u f th c num ulatcd li n e s in a h lc s p e e d s rr t ıın th e Ľaı

m

o b ta

.

loto

t)

31 5

￠

1

￠

.

1 5 5 is

-

T he

￠

,

spe e d s

a re

d a r d p r o g r e s s id 3 1 5 3 1 5 × 1 55 3 1 5 s ta n ,

,

n

ra

×

tio

1 55

2 ,

3 1 5 4 8 8 7 5 7 , 1 1 7 3 , 18 1 8 , 2 8 ı8 4 3 o 8 6 7 7 10 4 9 5 , , , T h e k in e m a tic a r r a n g e m e n t is s h o w n in F i 6 2 2 g i d d is s h o w n in p i 6 23 a gra m T hc spe e g ic

,

,

,

a tio n c d cu ı

d

f

o

-

h .

ZĖ

o

rp m

f te e th

1 s t p a ir

s ta g e

z7

be r

n u m

， ，

l 55

=

n o n

a

燕 ド

2 5 (g iv e

m

n

) 2 5 × 1 17 3

1 17 3

,

Z8

=

31 5

.

93

=

1 18

2 ııd P a ir +

Z

10

Fı G

Z 0 1

+

-

Z8

=

25 + 93

1 17 3

6 22

K I N E M A T IC

D IA G R A M

OF

9 SPEED

GEAR BOX

3 r d P a lr 2

11 +

Z

12

=

1 18

Scanned by CamScanner ll id

1

e

$P

<ż

ť

h

/

!

y

jr

} ł +

主

\

ł

ł罩

S TA G E 2 n

m a x

n

in p u t

N

o

>

T

2

l

Ł c

t

s a

re a

te d

T

t is fa a s

c to r a n

y

š1

e x ce

p tio n o l

ca s e

(

中

O F

A G R A M D ı 1 55

R A Y

6 23

F ı G

=

N IN E

SP E E D

\

į

,

G EA R B OX

F ir s t S ta g e 1s t P

a ir z

l

=

25

-

l

117 3 Z

2

2

281 8

-

2

60

2 n d P a ir Z

l

+ Z2

z3 +

-

Z

4

85

-

2 _

Z

4

28 1 8

,

-

33,

Z4

52

=

ゴ

3 r d P a ir Z

OUUt

Speed C

a

s

=

42,

乙津黒

ピ

2

6

=

43

lc u la tio n

n á Ju t g a g e d In th e first s ta g e G e a r s 7 a n d 8 , 9 a e e ds a ııd 1 1 a ııd 1 4 in s ta g e a r e e n g a g e d in tu m to g iv e th r e e o u tp u t s p 1 N e x t, 3 a lıd 4 in s ta g e 1 a r e e n g a g e d 7 a n d 8 9 a ııd , l, w e m s tn g e 2 , to g iv e th e n e x t th r e e o u t u t s e e d s s im ila r y u ıg a g e d in tw p p u " æ sp e e d s w ı " ıe n 5 a n d 6 a r e e ı ıg a g e d T h e c a lc u la tio n s a Į

G

e a rs

1

an

d 2

a re

en

.

1 d nand

gă

O S

=

o u tp u t

spree

IS

=

in p p t s p e e d

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

6 24 ,

S h o ft ―

F IG

n

m ax

F ro

m

C K ıN E M A T ı

6 24

40 0

R

―

14

s e r ie s w e

上

一

미A G R A M

FO R

14 S P E E D

G E A R B OX

ı

g e t, 2 0 ,

25 3 1 5 ,

,

0 4 0 , 50 , 6 3 , 8 0 , 1 0 0 , 12 5 , 1 6 0 , 2 0 ,

Scanned by CamScanner

6 25 T h c p ro

du

ce

re

T hc

s tr u c tu r a

N

,

o w

14

spe e

14

18

is

l lo

ds

rm

u la

are re

4 , t h is 4

=

ío llo

Is

fo

w s

18

r

spe e

ds

ł

'

q u ir e d

sho u k

lbc

su

b tr a c te d fr o

m

th e

U

la s t s ta g e S tr u c tu

ra

l fo

rm

u

la lo

14

r

spee

ds

n x

'

b

ıJ U

h a r a c te r is tic

c

o

f th c

i

Łtıı

ľ

い

\

ļ l li :

l fı

lj

N

y )d

飞ぶ 月 n o rm a l

々乙

3 (1 ) 3 (3 ) 2 (5 ) W ith th is fo r m u la , a s w c h a v e d o n c e a r lie r fo r fo r m u la s u s in g t h e s a m e p r o c e d u r e s d r a w th e s p e e d d ia g r a m (F ig 6 2 5 ) W e fin d 1 2 5 r p m is o b ta in e d th r o u g h tw o d iffe r e n t r o u te s , A B C D a n d A E F D i e , tw o d iffe r e n t k in e m a tic t r a in s a r e u s e d (tw o d iffe r e n t s e ts o r a r r iv e a t t h c s a m e s p e e d T h is h a p p e n s to s p e e d s 6 3 8 0 a n d 10 0 r p m ge a r s ) to so aı -

,

,

,

67 .

P r e fe r

.

re

(b o th

6月

are

15

sp e e

ds

16

spee

ds

18

sp e e

ds

In

sho u

d S tr

o rde r

ı d bc Fo

fo

to

w r itte n r

u c

tu

ra

ııo

r o ve rı a p

r m

la

u

s

p in g ty p e s )

(o v e r la p p in g ) 4 (1 ) 2 (4 ) 2 (8 ) O R 2 (1 ) 4 (2 ) 2 (8 ) O 3 (1 ) 3 (3 ) 2 (9 ) O R 3 (1 ) 2 (3 ) 3 (6 ) O

3 (1 ) 3 (3 ) 2 (6 )

d e r iv e a n o v e r la p p in g s p e ć d s fo r m in th c d e s c e n d in g o r d e r

R

2 (1 ) 2 (2 ) 4 (4 )

R 2 (1 ) 3 (2 ) 3 (6 ) u

la , th e

s ta

ge

n u m

b e rs

d i to b e d e r iv e d fr o m 1 8 p le , if th e fo r m u la fo r 14 s p e e s s la , th e s tr u c tu r a l fo r m u la s h o u ld b e w r itte n a s 3 ) 3 x 2 2 × 3 a n d 2 x 3 x 3 w ill n o t g iv e th e d e s ir e d r a y d ia g r a m

e xa m

d s fo r m u F o r m u la s 3 ×

spe e

In a n a c t u a l g e e tr b o x t h e g e a r s h a fts w ill n o t b e k e t o n e b e lo w t h e o t h e r , i e , t h e y w ill p t h e s h a ft s n o t b e in t h e s a m e p la n e FU t h e r , f th e m w ill b e o f d ifï i3 r e n t ı e n g t h s a n d n o t a ll o w ill b e 吕u f th e m p p o r t e d a t th e e n d s a fe w o k in e m a tic m ay th e be In o v e r h a n g in g ith a rr a n g e m e n t s h o w n in F ig 6 1 7 g e a r 2 (w a c tu a l d i T h is s h a ft 3 m e n s io n s ) w ill fo u ı o n 68

,

,

P r o b le m s im

ila r

a do

p te d

c an

to

be th e

o v e r c o n ıe o n e

s

how

if

,

n

a n

a rra n

in

F ig

ge m e n t 6 2 6 is

Scanned by CamScanner

In tb e

7 1

h $h

it W fir s t c h a p te r

d e r iv e d ,

x

iļ

(

o ta c to r iıııu L e w is fo r m i s ° te m y v 1 4 2 F D s ys / z ) fo r 4 8 6 0 ( 12 4 ° y - 0 F D s y s te m 2 / z ) fo r 2 0 1 9 0 4 5 ( 1 y - 0

ii

'

'

w

-

'

ìr " ļ

Fo

fa c to r s ,

fo r m

r

T a b le 7 2

tic s s ib le s ta

peM m e ta

i c m a te r a

m

l

ast

B

ro n z e

C

a s t s te e

s tr e s s e s

,

lb

a

f

:Y f ř

V

￡ f)b Ħ:

Ğ

c /

?BJ H

Ł:

rü Y

Į・

'

56

l

J

\

l

'

J・Jt ! Ļ Ï

'

,

1 12 s te e

l

T o a c c o u n t fo r d y n a m 72 i th e B e a n ı s tr e n g th in c lu d n g F [o Jq Æ m b y b

D B

' a r th s e q u a tio

B

cv

=

Cv

3 + v

,

2 10

}

l

350

Jjf T

1 15 1 7 )

velociţyactor g iv e th e

q

Y j n

,

l ı

lo c iţ y fa c to is g iv e n a s

ve

a

r

i

P to 1 0

m

.'

/s e c ,.

.

.

j. 1 .

10

fr o m

0 75 +

V V is th e p itc h lin e -

:

to

be

m

/s to 2 0 n ils

U Z ) to v e lo c

n ıe ta u ir

r n o n

ity in

m

u se d

Jq» o d

w "io

'

.

Tļ

: .'

bņ

tt

(i d

3!

-

$ JbJ «/ o

}

Tı 911ı v e lo c ity

)į ă

Į

(7 5)

v a lu e s

e v e lo c ity u

l

【 tl

!

ic lo a d in g

fo r p itc h lin

fo r

=

n s

)

<

'

den ed A llo y s te e l c a s e h a r . d a n d te m p e r e u A llo y s te e l h a r d e n e

y

in M P

,

: ￡

'

0)2 ) (7 3)

)) Ł

. '

10 5

H arde n e d

L

¡f

{ļ

d

Fl

Èr n ļ w u

ıß a* $ i lw ĵ

40

{Į

i \ JJ .

\

u se

[ü b ]

・

i

C

be

a ls o

can

T a b le 7 1

ı

Ño n

;1 ł

,

Ĥ

::

lm

l 18 7

C

Ý Į

ť

:"

ī!t Ř

V

'

'

ge a rs

fs

■

Scanned by CamScanner ■ a llt

71

0 404

0 337

0 4 11

0 34 4

0 42 1

U 352

0 4 30

0 35 8

0 437

0 37 3

0 449

0 38 9

0 4 59

0 399

0 46 8

0 408

0 4 74

80

0 484

0 36 3

0 436

0 4 99

10 0

0 368

0 446

0 50 6

15 0

0 375

0 458

0 5 18

300

0 382

0 471

0 53 4

0 390

0 48 4

0 550

ack

W id tlı, b

ce

b

=

3p c

b

=

5 p c fo

an

ľ w

k

t

10

o r

r a ccu ra

g e ııtia ııo ı

d

T

o n

=

-

1 fo

-

1 2 5 fo

-

1 5 fo

c la s s

o o

r a

r

ge

ars

o

(7

e v e lo c ity

lte n

ıa

tin

in

m

10 )

/s

r

g lo a d

k lo a d

W U e n b o th p in io n a ııd g e a r a r e s h o u ld b e d e s i n e d w u e n d iflc r e n t g is id e n tifie d a iıd d e s i e d \ b

n

d y lo a d

r sh o c

T h e p r o d u c t [o e v a lu a te d T h e w e a k e

ge a r s

tlı

fa c to r /s h o c k fa c to s te a

r

d iu m

te ly c u t p r e c is io

V p itc h lin

s e r v ic e

-

o

a

e

r m

10 0 0 × k

x

=

he re , V

fo

m

73

h

e ie n

m a

de

f s a iııe

o

m

a te r ia

l, th e n th e p in io n

n ıa te r ia ls a r e u s e d , th e w e a k e

p in io n a i ıd lo b ļ 2 y 2 fo ö b ly v a lu ıe n t h a s th e lo w e r [

y i fo

r tlıe

r

th e

\

ar

(w

r

e le n ıe n

t

h e e l) a r e

e

@ a m s e q u a tio n fo r d y n a m ic ıo a d D y n e ıo a d o n th e g e a r to o th is g iv e n a s 2 1 V (b c + F t)

b u c k in

F

卫国

0 33 0

0 42 1

kw

76

0 393

0 355

Fa

T

0 37 7

0 320

60

R

73

0 30 8

r

=

t

Z1 V + V bc + P t

+ F.

Scanned by CamScanner 勇

名 艺 he rq

w

F

b is in

ta n

-

t

g e n tia l g e a r fo

rc e

in N

,

'

m

C is a c o n s ta n t, in N /m w h ic h d e p e n d s e o f a c c u r a c y w ith w h ic h th e te e th a r e c u t

to o th fo

o n

rm

,

d e g re

D

es

W

ig ıı fo

E

p

Fw

d 1Q K B

-

E

fa a

w

fo

o r

r

fa tig u

m

o

2

in N lm

e

d u li o f p in io

E x p e c te d o

w ear

(7 13) e la s tic

=

g

d u le in

m

to

(7 12)

ill c a u s e

T

M

ffe c ts d u e

X

h.

z

N lm

s tr e s s

=

e

A ird

ea r

is th e lo a d th a t

K

w

W

loa

ear

Fw

r

m a te r i al

,

E \ c te d e r r o r in to o th p r o lile is g iv e n in T a b le 7 3 C is g iv e n in T a b ı e 7 4 F l is th e a a u a l lo a d o n th e g e a r to o th iııc lu d in g d y n a m ic c ir c u la r p itc h e r r o p r o fıle e r r o r s , e tc 7 7

.

F ir s t

m

e rr o r s

a

an

d ge a r

m

a te r ia

l,

r e sp e c

tiv e ly in ,

bı e 73

in to

c la s s

c o m iııe r c ia

n

C

o

th p r o file , in

a re

lge a rs

fu lly

cu t

m

m

P

ge ars

r e c is io n

ge a rs

(o r d in a r y ) 2 to 4

0 05

10

0 09

11

0 1

0 02 5

0 0 12 5

0 0 44

0 022

0 055

0 025

.

T a b le 7 4 .

D

M

a te r ia

P in io

n

e fo r m

á tio n fa c to

ķ G

T ear

o o

th fo r ın

r

C in k N lm T

o o th e m

o r

in

m

m

0 01

0 02

0 04

0 06

0

57

114

2 28

34 2

4 56

6 32

C I

CI

S te e l

CI

79

0 8

3 16

47 4

S tæ l

S te e l

114

2 28

456

6 84

2 】0o F D

9 12

:

Scanned by CamScanner

7 4 2 0 ° S tu b

118

23 6

354

4 72

81

16 2

324

4 86

6 48

1 19

2 38

4 76

7 14

9 52

ııu

赵 U

序J U

马马リ

76

152

3

4 56

608

1 10

2 20

440

66 0

88 0

CI

S te e l

St C l C I

5 te e l

S te e l

!

S

f. s 75 0

r fa c e

su

-

du

e n

ra n c e

lim it

o

f

ge

a

r,

(2

-

.

n e ss n u m

be r

o

8 × (B H N f th e g e a r

s s te e ı

dl

-

p iııio

p itc h

n

) a n

7 9 ), M N / m 2 , d p in io n u to p

c ir c le

d ia m

(p in io n d ia m e te r is Io b e d e s ig n e d ) fa c e w id th in m b

u se

w a

in

e te r

ar

p a ir , in N /m

2 ,

g iv e n in ?

a

b le

h e r e B H N is th e B r in e ll h a r d h a r d n e s s v a lu e o f 3 5 0 8 H N fo r ,

m

d ir r e s p e c tiv e

o

f w h e th e r p in io

n

o r

ge

a r

is

=

Q

2 z 2 / (z + 2 2 z / (z

=

-

2

) fo r e x te r n a l m z ) fo r in te n ıa l m l

z

2

l

T

M p in io

a

te

r ia

l

f

,s

a

S te e l

(7 (?

g

e s h in g

2

K fo

r

20° F D

in k N /m

2

K fo

r

14 W

in k N /m

342 6 18 1030

28 2 9 19 2 553

673 18 6 9

C I

342

4 14

303

S te e l 2 50 B H N

C I

6 18

13 10

10 0 0

44 5

6 89

503

54 9

14 2 0

1050

P

È

CI o n

15

i

FD 2

206

S te e l 0 0 B H N

N

)

S te e l

0 0 B H N 2 50 B H N 40 0 B H N

S te e l 2 00 B H N

14

b le 7 5

in M N / m

W iıe e l

n

e s h in

'

C I M

e

ta

l

14 0 0

m e ta l

Scanned by CamScanner

7 5

P r o b le m

7 ı .

kw P

10 0 0 ×

x

=

t

V 3 6 8 × 10 0 0

1 25

x

1 80 9 56 2 54 20 5 8 1

A to

m

ko

ssu m e

co n n e c

t

24

60

.

[o b ] C v

-

l bt

q 2 10

9 4 25 m

X

PD

=

t

4

C

a

d V

C

C

n

9 4 25

=

d ln

.

Jr

-

(Æ

=

1

=

Z

=.

m2 4 m

l

"

(E q n 7 5) ( T a b le 7 1)

ss u m

e

V

=

10

m

/s fo r sp u r g e ars

0 3 75

Jr m

0 1 16

x

pm

T

y

a

ke b

-

-

0 15 4

-

0 15 4

3p

c

-

3n

m

=

9 425m

0 9 1 2 / z l (E q n 7 3) (0 9 1 2 / 2 4 ) = 0 0 6

r

(s ta n d a r d )

a

z m l

=

a lc ı la ı

B 6

m

lc u la t io

b

5

5

10 ) =

1 44 0 r

'

y

2 70 4 83 n ?2

=

I? ı

m

6 / (6 +

w e n ia

B

2 5 4 20 1 8 1 .

V)A

2

2 7 0 4 8m

=

F

0 3 75 X

×

m

d

s

2

6 / (6 +

=

-

=

an

m

2 10 N / m

=

)

14 4 0

X

10 0 0

X

7 1o

th e g e a r s are lls e d

c a u se

by

Æ m

o

FD B

m

(E q n

ip r o c a tin g p u rn p s h o c k c o n d iti o n

m

1 8 0956

=

FD B

re c

d iu

a s s u n ıe m e

Æ X

3

1 25 , be

-

X

o

f b, d ,

=

24 X 5

m

d V

an =

9 4 25 × 5

=

ď (6 0

x

12 0 x

[o b ]Æ m

=

2 10 X

aı cu ı a tio n o

f th e

骂

1440(60

by

n

m n ı

x

M

48

田 田

100 0 )

tio n o f th e B ea m =

12 0

5

x am

X

10 0 0 ) =

9 05

S tr e n g th F , sB 48 × 0 1 16

.

m

/

se c

18 36 7 N

ic ıo a d F , d ı

Scanned by CamScanner

园

国画

p r o b a b le e r r o r fo r n ıe d iu m c la s s e a r s (c a r e fu u y c u t g g e a r s ) is 0 0 2 5 T a b le 7 3 F a r th is E r r o r d f e i o r 1 1 1 , fr o m m a t o n fa c to r c is o b ta in e d , a fte r h l i in te r p o la t n g t e v a u e s g iv e n ın T a b le 7 4 C = [(4 5 6 228(0 W 0 0 2 )] × 0 0 0 5 + 2 2 8 = 2 8 5 k N / m = 2 8 5 0 0 0 N / lı ı ,

Ft

2 54 2 0 6 / n

=

(2

"

9 U5) +

1 X

F d < F sB = T h e g e a r to 7

C

a

tc u ı a t io Fw

n

o

25420 6/ 5

ı=

1 0 0 48

× 2 8 50 0 0 +

o

th h a s

f th e W

a

d e q u a te b e a l n

ea r

L

o a

d C

a

J U O Q

T

50 84

18 3 6 7 N

d 1Q K B

-

50 84 N

=

g th it w ill n

s tr e n

o t

2

2

+ ı

Z

K

12 0

=

fo

N

7 14 )

2

=

10 × 2 4

田 田

r s te e

0 12 2

ı

fr o

<

F

A

ılo a d is 1 5 9 8 7 5 N w h e r e a s th e w e a r lo a d th w ill w e a r o u t ; w ill n o t h a v e s u ffic ie n t life

240

m

T

m

ıh a r d e n

Fw

=

1 82

一

=

0 12

e

a

b le 7 5

d to 2 5 0 B H N

2

9634 N

=

t s a tis fa c to r y

c tu a

T h e te e

qn

Z

=

n o

(E 24

Fw

th is is

7 12 )

-

9 19 0 0 0 N / m 1 8 2 X 9 19 0 0 0 × 0 0 4 8

n

1

9 19 k N / n

=

q

Z

2 4 + 2 40

dl

(E 2

2 x 240

l

fa il b y b r e a k a g e

=

Z

d

ı ł

p a c ity , F w

Q

x

ıj y o ı J

-

ca

p a c iw is

o n

ly 9 6 3 4

T r ia l 2 T ry K

ith 4 0 0 B H N

w

n ıa

2 5 5 3 k N / m 2 fr o

-

m

te ń

T

a

a

l, to h a v e g r e

a te r s u r fa c e

s tr e n

g th

b le 7 5

R e c a lc u la te F w Fw

N

=

o w

s a tis fa c to r y

Poblem

,

0 12

x

1 82 X 2 5530 00 × 0 048

F w

>

F

d

T he

w ear

ca

=

p a c ity

26763 6 N

is

a

d e q u a te

T he

d e s ig n

is

72

i t b e d e s ig n e d to tr a ııs ın it 1 8 3 k w th e g e r e v e r te d d r iv e s o s p e e d b e in g 9 6 0 r p n ı a n d th e o v e r a ll r e d u c tio n r a tio b e in g 9 T h e d r iv e c o n s is ts h f 2 0 0 m m a p a r t a ll o f s tr a ig h t to o th e d s p u r g e a r s t h e s a t s a r e g e a r s m e o f a llo y s te e l A

in p u t

tw

o

s ta

Scanned by CamScanner

7 7 .

Į

F lG 7 1

C

a

T h e in p u t ı cu ı a lı o n o f M

S in

o n s id e r

(z 1

o

tp u t s h a fts a r e c o a x ia l in a r e v e r te d d r iv e

d u le

d is ta n d u le

c e n tr e

ce

c a lc u la te th e m o

C

a n «l o u

ce

is g iv e n th e

re

is

n o

d to

n e e

th e fir s t p a ir

+ 2 )m 2 a

=

2

=

2 00

A

m m

ss u m e z z

.

Po r t In th e

q u a te F t to F D to B

e

2 00 ,

m

=

5

m

2

l

2o

-

iz r

=

3 x 20 4

-

0

m

d p a ir , z3 - 2 0 a n d n - 6 0 In th e fir s t a ir e a r 1 is thc p g s e c o n d p a 】r g e a r 3 is th e p in io n p in io n G e a r 3 tr a n s m its g r e a te f to r que th a n g e a r 1 , b e c a u s e o f its lo w e r s e e d H e n c e p g e a r 3 is s u b je c te d to a gr e a ter ta n g c n tia l fo r c e B u t g e a r 1 h a s r e a te r itc h li n e v e lo c ity a n d th e r e fo r e has , g p t d r e a i l e r n d m c o a g y se c o n

l ￠v

D e s ig n o f th e fır a t s ta e g D e s ig n o f G e a r 1 Caı cu ı a tı ıo f F oı ￠

-

-

=

J

īJ

V T ŹĴ

J

' " 】

v

r y

iŔr , ・

t

I

3ł tļ

T

02

54 6 8 N

C a lc u h tio n F sB

¡ ı3 T l

tţ

(k w x ]0 00 x k . Y V (18 3 × 10 0 0 X 1 5 5

ır

o

fF 吕B

-

ĺ o b jn m b y

◆

3 50

=

2 8 5 00 N

x ĵr x

5 X 48

×

0 10 8

[o b ]

=

3 5 0 N / ın

m

2

fo r

a

llo y

steel

5

4 8

harde n e d

b

.

3p

c

=

3n

n ı=

3 Jr

x

=

Scanned by CamScanner h :

c ır

2 1 V (b « + P , ) '

Fd

-

2 】V

r

+

F

+

+

t

ı

Rrn r

ih

a»hu m e

d In b ￠ 0 0 2 5 m

fo

m

r

d iu m c ı a » * g e a r lt C = 2 8 5 (X X ) N T m lm m T a b le 7 4 b y i!ı!c r ıu la tio n R e f »r v i ( ? l c u u» c tń ) p r o l» ı m e

Fd

2 1 × 5 0 2 10 0 4 8 =

21

×

W

2 8 % X X ) + 5 44 * )

V J T W 20004

5 02 +

r ￠ı

io n

C a lc tıla t

×

ea r

'

+ 5 4 11 8

R

lA ta d

d o K h

=

w

.

0 1 X

=

18 3 8 1 6 N

K

b W

F sB

Pd

>

l th e

d Fw

an

w

d

o n

3

kw

ıta

'o

×

Fd

>

2

2 5 5 3 (X X ) N /

20

=

5

×

fo

m

10 0

=

io ) + ￠

(2 0 2

r

15

-

40 0 B H N

(T a b le

m m

=

7 5)

0 ]m

0 0 48 m

-

a iıd

h e n c e ıh c Č

s is n

il

tis fa c to r y

sa

=e

( ic a r 3 iı th c p in io ec a r

60 1

×

fin d

e

o

2)

V ı"

2553 kN / m

-

l

'

(2

.

d

?

"

ı5 × 2 5 5 京周日 × 0 04 8

-

-

D ııls p

72 0 7 N

=

,

n

fo

r th c s e c o n

d

c c a lc u la te

W

a t\

P t,

& Pw

fo

r

10 0 0

x

V 1 83

15

×

-

=

lb c

2l v 21

Fs

Fd

+

.

V

.

-

3

3

.

1 6 7 th /

S

F,

1 6 7 [0 0 4 8 × 2 8 5 0 0 0 +

×

2 8 50 0 N

(& a m

c

16 3 8 3 ]

as

th a i fo

r

ge

ar

1)

S a tis fa c to r y

FsB

<

F ,I

+

+

lob ï m b y

-

a

16 3 8 3 N

.

1 67

21 V Fd

10 0 0

×

Fw

a

d IO K B

Fw

>

Fd

=

38 1 6 N ı1ł

(

a ł tb a t

fo

r

gw

1)

S a tis fa c t o r y

Pin b ı eı ı ı7 3

D

cs

is n

a

ge

a r

d r iv e

to tr a ııs m

ił2 2 k w

9 00

al

rp m

S pe e d r

e

d

i6

ŁS T h c c b fts is 3 5 0 m m T h c m a te r ia la fo r tb c e n tr e d is ta n c e b e tw e e n tb e s a P in io n a r d tb c w b e e ıa r c c a « t ıte e l a r d c u t ir o n r c ıp e a iw ly P r e s s w c a n g le , 2 i 8 4 N /m iıı a r d th c s ıłr fa c c ￠ » æ T lłc d e s ig p s t r e s s k )r th e p in io o ıııa tc r i* l s 2 m d l自由鳥 o f e la a tic it o f th c ca d u i y i 6 o 0 N m ın r * n e c li it t m ı o r t h c g f a r p ıir s ? $ i ı× 10 N / m n 2 Piıio * a ıa tc ń ıi N ıım ı i n d th a o f B e ır l * s 2 × t ,

Scanned by CamScanner

79 m io n a n d g e a r Since lw \\ u in c r:c n t m a te r ia ı s a r e u s e d fu r p e le m e n t e v a lu a te lt ' \ y ı t lin d o u t th e w e a k e r \, , l \n d \t rı ,] z y2 o

ı

A

M um e z I

Fo

fa ç to r s

rm

ı

l b l\ o w

a

a

/m m

50

-

(0 (0

0 15 4

翩

0 15 4

(B iv c n ) a n d lo b jz

×

0 10 8 4

-

9 1

-

5b

X 0 1 35 7

=

7 59

1U

,

o b l yi ı a

9 12 / 20 ) =

0 10 8 4

9 12 / 5 0 ) =

0 13 5 7

56 N / m

-

<

lc'b ı ly t

,

ie

tr e d is ta n c e is g iv e

n

,

,

is

th c g e a r

m o

kw

10 0 0

x

=

a l

V ×

V

1(X X )

x

z m

=

5

C

29 17 8 N tı on

an

d

d

u s in

d e s ig n th e

w e

g th e

r e la

tio n

,

9 4 25 1 25

=

o

z u

ıu

A

L u u m

=

m

1 0 00 )

/ se c

m

(a s s u m

e

d)

f FSB

b yz

=

56

10 x 10 0 × 0 0 5 7

X Æ X

b

=

10

m

10 × 10

=

=

10 0 m

n ı

2 3 0 3 ıN 回心ıı o f F 卤 a 21 V

(b c

+

F ,)

21 V + V bc + F t 21

×

=

21

=

o

lo b lz ĵ r m

-

b le 7 1)

(Jr d l n i Y (6 0 X 10 0 0 ) (1r X 2 0 0 × 9 0 0 ( 6 0 ×

=

-

-

a lc u la

Fd

ke r

=

l

ı2 5

k

=

a

X

-

F sB

T

m m

f Ft

a lc u la

w ea

c a lc u la te

d u le is

9 425

C

(fr o m

5 0 ) n ı/ 2

+

ıo oı a tı a ı çu ı

22

*

2

m

I 2 l ıł/ 2

+

=

=

tn

20 °

-

84

-

Fı

20

k ) u lı/ l 2 ) =

(7 l 3 5 0 = (2 0

c

ftJ r

t (0 ) 12 l z v

-

ce n

.

ı

×

-

fin d

v 留e a r 心曲ı S in c e th c 2

m

25

ha ve

.

c

a

iz ı=

84 N

-

lQ b lly l la b ]2 y w

=

U 15 4

-

a

N

20

ıin c d a r e o lltł

y ı = 0 15 4

ya

-

ı

w e

,

.

× 9

9

+

4 2 5 ×

Ft

3 4 7 60 0 +

291

+

4 2 5 + 1 0 1 × 3 4 7 60 0 + g F o r n ıe d iu m c la s s s e a r ,

2 19 0 2 N

(fo r

e rr o r

0 04

tm

)

ı

(fo r

2 9 17 8 e rr o r e

-

0

c rro r

0 004

tm

)

ı

Scanned by CamScanner

7 10

P SB

Fd

>

T b e te e th h a v e a t io łı o f F w Cak uı

6

Fw

=

d 10K b

=

0 2

>

be

u a te

rength

am

3

]0

×

×

0 1

P in io

n

eve n

th o

u

dl

0 2

m

3 7 ,7 1 5 N

b

Fd

Q

=

Fw

de q

1 4 2 11 3 X

×

13 2 0

a

0 1

-

gh

is

b o th

sa

u se

h e e l is Č

w

d

s i\

e

d

m

2 =

_

+

T h e d e s i\ a g a iııs t

=

d e t e r d , is

Z

50

l

50

×

1 4 28 6

_

20

+

tis fa a o

ry b re a ka ge

to o th

a ï ıd w e a r

7A

Pŕ o b ı em A

m

th e

ge a r a t

ic a r ta p in io n s p e e d o f 19 2

M ic a r ta p in io o n ly

p in io n

A

ssu m

z

e

i Z2

1

M

o

d ııle C

kw '

t

iz l

1 0 00

×

6 25

=

ı c u la t io

a

w e a

ke r

th e

th a n

=

6 25

×

20

1 2 0 0 / 19 2

=

-

=

×

C I ge

ar

7 7 ıe r e fo

m

a

V

=

o

=

V 1 2 566 4

Jr

10 5 0 4 / m

N

-

[a b lq

by

=

40

-

5 Jł4 8 8

rr m

m

,

w e

d

e s ig n

x

2

-

ĵr x

N

T m

X

10

m

X

a

d ln

rr

l

th e

ke b

=

m

m

12 0 0

10 0 0 × 6 0

10 0 0 x 6 0 1 2 56 6 4

ı2 0 q )

/s

1 0 lr? t

0 10 84

[o b ]

=

2 4 0 N / ın ııı fo r n o n ın e t a u ic m a te r ia l fr o T a b le 7 1

(E q n 4 iiķ

n

'

o

_

m

=

0 4

re

ir o

ko

=

×

c a st

n

1 1 x 10 0 0 × 1 25

D B

a

12 5

.

F

to

20

-

l

is

n

ta tin g a t 1 2 0 0 r p n ı t r a n s rııits 1 1 k w D e s ig n th e Č iv e rp m

ro

m

7 9

)

Scanned by CamScanner rp r

? Iı

A ı5

t0

=

S

S

\

x

_

\ ı+ 4 1) + t) \

.

(tw Tı4 .

iL I54

-

W

F e F D B ïe 8 4 88 n ı

￠ i治

Fd V

=

2 68

=

q

n ı

« ne » D t m

0 10 il4

q

1050 4

m ıd e r

d

r

th c

3 7S ?

=

&

rc

M

q

gh a m

'

s e

qu

a ti\ \ n

W

￠

7ś

_

a c tu a

l Ņ e lo c ity

s

(ï 55 )

=

1o s a 4

=

ìc

* æ d fo

c ıh

Ė

1 2 56 6 × 3

=

H

毡

.

ı

+

0 25

b

=

0 40 8

=

3 10 J 4 N

_

3 X 4

q

(L X L Ł n

-

0 408

目回 国 匡 呂臼出 国 國た F

sn

W

=

lo b þM i n

=

40

W

«

x

Æ

W

e

Fw

F

e

4 0

3

x sB

a

i>

FĐ

r

a n

ï

0 11 ı 84

×

d hen

98 N

t o o th w

ill n

10

m

o t

fa il b y facture

10 x 3

=

Q

=

2 z z/ (z

-

(2 X 1 2 5 (1 2 5

=

14 0 0 k N /

-

4 0 0 0 00 N / m

2 +

z

Th 73

D

m

e

\

e

e r ip

W h

P

en

c aw

o

t H

G

a

tıre g a i]a s t fræ

1 724

20)

2

n ı

2

fr o

m

T

a

b le 7 5

a ııd w e a r

fa ih ır e s

ea r s

he ł ic a l g e a r s

n ıe

is g r a d u a l a n d th e lo a d is p ig 7 2 l T h e a v e r a e to o th lc v c f e ś g f th e to o tlı h e ig h t (th is d e e d io p n s o n th e h e lix a n g le ) h w e r e a s in tlıe c a s e o f s m p g e a r s , le v e r a n ıl is carly a c r o s s th e

o

+

%

>

ic a l eı

h ly T 5 % í he m

ro ı g

Fw

i￡ s a fe a

r

a ra ı

th a t

n u ıı

l)

,

W

30

=

d

m

d Ļ Q

=

c e

127 5

=

K

e

=

a u n ı

)

d

'

4

3

=

en e

=

F.

3

b

L 2 56 6

て

J ))

ıo lu ą n

_

w

Cï

9 12

.

n c ıa ıi c g e ır s 吐n 日剧 ヒ 世瞩 目 国 虹 树

o

(0

e n

g\

n ıe ııt

to o t h fa c

Scanned by CamScanner

7 12 ť

ll to

fu a l to e a rs uf g

o

q ti

sp

th h e ig h t H e n c e , h e lic a l

ge a rs

s tr o n

are

g e r th a n

e

q u iv a le n t

j:

a rm

)

(a ) S P U R G E A R T O O T H

R

e

h

(b ) H E L JC A L G E A R T O O T H NG LO A D ı

TO O T H

7 2

F ıG

H E L IC A L

SPUR AN D

OF

GEA R S

B

e a n ı s tr e n

g th

F sB

=

[o b ]m

-

?ı

.

By

'

m

y

'

fo r m

_

n u m

Face

w

id th b

pn B e a ın

FD B

Cy

v e lo c

g th in c lu d in g

s tr e n

-

[o b ]C

=

v

6 =

fo

6 + V 15 15 + V

ity fa c to

.

By'

fo

r

p itc h

r

p itc h liï ıe

n m

V

+

n o r ın a

-

fo

p itc h

r

liï ıe

lin

D yn

W

ic an ı

e ar

w

lo a d

lo a d

=

Fw

Fd

-

F, +

n o r n ıa

r v ir tu a

l p la

r e

l

r

v e lo c ity u

v e lo c

p to 5

ity 5 to 1 0

e v e lo c

21 V =

(h e

l c ir c u la r p itc h

ity 1 0

p itc h ) +

d u le in

o

M

fa c to r c a lc u la te d fo b e r o f te e th

2 P n to 4 p n

=

-

.

(C b

21 V +

m

/s

m

/s

to 2 0 m

/s

c y ￡

V

co s

Ť￠+

P

F,

d 1b Q K -

co s

2

p

P Scanned by CamScanner

°

彆

\

7 ß .

Q is b a s e d

P ro bı em

\

1

e te r m

C

a lc u

in

tio

a

la tio

n

n

fM

o

fT

o

g e n tia l L

a n

10 0 0

x

k

×

=

t

o

10 0 0 X 1 2 5

X

ıa

2 1 76

ı c u la tio

n

FD B

[o b ]q

-

rn

ł

r

m

k.

-

d ,1

-

\

"

i

l

.

.

co s

60

n

×

2 7 7 12

'

b Z

e

0 4 286 X

X

Jr m

q u a te d to F D B to

19 0 2 1

9 1 67

-

m

,

/n

.

0

b

=

X

n

s o lv e

5 92

-

tio n o f b , d V ..

3 tr m

n

g ı= 2 7 7 1 2 V

=

2 17 6

3 tr

=

m

ln n

n =

x -

2 7 7 12

m

n

m m

X

n

1 5 00 -

10 0 0

2 17 6

m

n

m

ls

0 0 4

3n

cq

m

fo r =

3p

=

ó

a n =

0 12 9

=

n

ł

z

=

2 4 / c o s 3 30 °

co s

0 12 9

X

=

=

37

91 67

m

N

n

6

m m

m

m

(s ta lıd a r d )

d Ft

56 52

2 7 7 12 X 6 2 17 6

m

-

n

m

cq

(0 9 1 2 / 3 7 ) 3n

=

n

+ 20

0 9 12

O 15 4

.

n

a ı c u la

m

×

+ v ı

-

56

-

F o r h e lic a l g e a r s ,

'

Z

=

30°

1

°

y

FD B F , is

n

10 0 0

60

By

m

=

of F D B n m

d)

.

p

co s

e

24

n

1

V

N

(a s s u m

1 25

7r X

1 9 0 2 1/ m

◆

C

h

￠F t

oa

V

J

z

f te e t

d u le

o

=

m

o

(7 2 5)

kw

-

be r

m

7 5

D

F

a

ln

a c tu a

A h e lic a l c a s t s te e l e a r w ith 3 0 ° h e lix h a s to tr a n s m it 3 3 1 2 kw a t g 1500 T h e g e a r h a s 2 4 te e th D e s i n th e e a r fo r 2 0 ° F D te e th S ta tic s tr e g g s s fo r

rp m

C

th e

on

×

6

=

=

1 66 28

13 0 5

m

m m

/s

Scanned by CamScanner

7 14 tio n

a cuı Caı

3

F sB

o

f F sB

[ob

-

la tio n ı cı Caı

o

ı? ī

f D yn

(C

21 V

Fd

Ft

=

'

园2 1

W to.

￠Fd

fin

e

b

ic ıro 2

p

/c b

a

F 2

,

p

)co s p F

+

A t

s s u n ıe

p r e c is io

F sB

e s ig n

D

is

n o

ge a rs 0 0 15

n

E x p e c te d e r r o r m m F r o n ı T a b le 7 4 fo r s te e l a n d , s te e Ļ w e o b ta in C = 1 7 1 k N / ın , b y in te r p o la tio co s

13 0 5 ) + l 17 10 0 0 X 0 0 5 6 5

X

7 692 38 N

=

d

+

c o 5

6 X 5 6 5 2 X O 12 9

X

n

1 3 0 5 1 (1 7 1 0 0 0 × 0 0 5 6 5 x

×

>

56 X

_

co s .

(2 1

97 4 2 9 N

'

a m

21 V +

3 17 0 1 6 +

-

By

.

t s a tis fa c to

ry

2

3 0 ° + 3 17 0 16 ) c o

x

co s

W

e

2

in

n

30°

s

3 0 ° + 3 1 7 0 16 th e

c re a se

o

m

d u le

um

ļ

7iaı2 m

8

=

b

3n

=

dl V

m

3 rr

=

n

27 7 12

=

2 17 6

=

Ft

m

m

m

F sB

n

[a b þr m

-

2 176 × 8

-

1 9 0 2 1/ m

=

.

19 0 2 1 / 8

=

By

'

(C

21 V Pd

75 4

=

56

_

b

co s

X

2

P

m

m

2 7 7 12 × 8

=

n

m

8

X

=

=

=

17 4 1

m

m

n ı

/s

23 7 7 6 N

Jr x

+

22 1 696

8

×

F ,) c o

s

T5 4

0 12 9

×

p

F

=

o r M

e rro r c o rre

23 0

=

21

6 +

1 7 4 1 12 2 8 0 0 0 × 0 0 7 5 4 X

x

(2 1 N S

R

Fd

o w

e

d

C a lc u la tio n

«

=

17 4 1 ) +

l 2 28000

×

0 0 7 54

2

8

-

n

n ı, e x i»e c

m

is 0 0 2 m m s p o n d in g C

co s

fa r

a s

2

d

an

d

=

228 kN /

30° + 2 3 7 7 6]c o X

te

s

m

30°

30° + 237 7 6

12 2 6 1 8 6 N

=

to n c e m

×

co s

13 6 8 2 7 N

=

FsB

<

o

f

T h e d e s ig n is

w ea r

ı o a

sa

tis fa c to r y , a s

i

z

p

Z

Q

3 0r72 4 N

g th is

3

=

2

-

iz r

K

fo

=

=

3

×

2

1

9 19 k N / m

r s te e

24

=

72

=

=

Z

COCS23

s tr e n

￠ ħ«

d 1Q K b co s

be am

z

ı

_

/￡ T

1 5

Å ıł

2

ı2 5 0 B H N fio

n ıT a

b le 7 5

Scanned by CamScanner

7 ı5

7 10 .

.

w

c

fin d F w

D

es

*p

fB

o

F d , ic

>

łG

tw

gea r h as

th c

,

t w e a r s tr e n

ffic ie n

su

g th

t ır s

(7 a itıc

b

q

0 3R

=

Fd

F

=

tO

o r

m

ln u m r

o

f te e th

t

) fo t g e n e r a te d (b c + F , )

te e t h

he e

dr

5 5 / (5 5 + W

=

21 V

W

v ir tu a

d fo r

2b )

+

2l v + 7 d b 0 5 , 0 K t

'

W W

u l a

Fw

eu

th e

nc

o

-

ò,

Q

p itc h

-

í th e b ig co n e

is b a s e d

'

co s

ò

ı

d e s ig n th c p in io

r w c

ı o r fY v Pc d dr

=

an

th e

o n

d

e n

o

n

o r th c

f th c p iııio

w

w e

be r

o

use

an

d ò \ in

th e

n

f th e p in io n v ir tu a l (fo n n a tiv e ) n g le

ļ

o

m

f te e th

们冈 创妇自 7 石

in G e

th c p in io

D e»

ı

m Z

z

lq

d

M

»

m

2e q

y ı=

y2

=

r th e W

o

CO Ĺ

18 4 °

co s

Ò2

0 9 12

0 15 4

.

z

1c q

Z

2eq

lo b h

lo b ], y ı [o b }z y 2 T he

e v a lu a te

w

o w

\

100

ıt ıe ı

-

To

[o b l2

h e e l is

0 14 9 2

y2

0 1 10 6

-

o 14 9 2 2

n ı an

d

lo b ]2

-

70 N / m

m

2

,

10 0 × 0 1 10 6 ×

.

10 0 N / m

-

-

fu n d , w

21

o ı 54

_

It is g iv c ıı th a t

e

s ta tic as

ı7 u

7 1 6°

CO S

o 15 4

W

g es

60

0 ı5 4

N

Eı en

an

21

=

.

Òı

c os

-

e a lte r

l

=

Z2 Z

tr a n

n

lu te b e v e l g e a r s c o n n e c t s h a fts a t r ig b t e a r ıs m a d e o f c a s t s te c ıh a v in g a llo w a b le i p m ıo n is o f s te e l w ith a llo w a b le s ta t c s tr e s s e d r iv e a t 7 5 0 r p n ı D e s ig n tiı s n ıits 3 6 8 k w v o

<

=

a iıd

10 A 4

=

[o b h

w e a ke r a n

11 06,

d

yi w e

h a v e [o d e s ig n th e

w

h e e l o n ly

Scanned by CamScanner

R

0 5

=

b

R /3

=

FD B

m

t

0 711 X

*

/3

-

o

× 10 0 0 X

0 6545

m

\

1 25

d

.

7 0 28 1 / m

=

l 2 7 0

,

m

,

m

20

x

,

(T

m

a

b le 1 14 )

0 5

,

10 5 4

× m

m

.

1

t

la v n l

-

60

× 10 00

16 6 7

m

60

1000

×

t

x

750 -

0 6545

m

,

m

/

s

l

t

m

ie

b

\

×

Jr x

E q u a tin g F t o F , D B 7028 1 _ 16 3 6 9 m

z

m

Æd , '

3 10 )

qn

m

31 62

16 6 7

=

(E

,

(a s s rırııe d )

ı? ı Z t 1

=

Av

m

P

0 14 9 2 *

x

g .

=

V

3 1 623

-

.

1 25

=

i

4

l

10 5 4

x ,

V

36 8

n z

10 54

_

1r m

100 0 x k

×

0 5

=

3 1 6 23

TO

-

ą+

, =

kw F,

ľ

m

,

,

m

,

C a lc u la tio

-

7 54

n

o

m

f b, V

m

=

a n

8 d F

m

(

ııı s ta n

dard)

t

V

(E

qn

7 30 )

E x p e c te d e r r o r fo r n ıe d iu m c la s s g e a r s (w ith g e n e r a te d te e th ) 0 0 3 8 m n ı =

C

=

4 3 3 2 k N /n

(b y =

◆

8 7 8 5 13

+

24 2 18 9 N

2 1 x 5 24

(0 0 8 4 3 2

×

l 0 0 8 4 32 2 1 × 5 24 +

ı

in te r p o la tio n

3 4 33 2 X 10 + 8 7 8 5 B ×

4 33 2

×

) )

10 3 + 8 7 8 5 1 3

Scanned by CamScanner

7 17 F

sB

-

[o b þt m

=

70

T h e to r ia

(R b y R

'

18

8

lr .

0 14 9 2

.

2/ 3

x

do

th

o

t h a v e a d e q u a te b e a m

es n o

=

2 /3

14 7 5 5 2 3 N

=

SB

d

T

x

by

,'

s tr e n

g th

ı2

p r e c is io n g e a r s E x p e c te d e r r o r 0 0 19 m m , 2 16 6 k N /m a n d c o r r e s p o n d in g C 3 2 1 × 5 2 4 (0 0 8 4 3 2 X 2 1 6 6 X 1 0 + 8 7 8 5 1 3 F d - 8 7 8 5 13 + 3 2 1 × 5 2 4 + 0 0 8 4 3 2 × 2 1 6 6 × 10 + 8 7 8 5 = 19 1 0 7 N

A

ssu m

e

-

=

Fd T

r ia

T h is d e s ig n is

F sB

>

dl

av

F

10 54

=

R

rro r

B

ー

1 0 5 4 × 10

=

3 1 623

=

t

0 02 2

=

[o b ìÆ m

=

70

fd

m

x

ヘ十

m

m

-

t s a tis fa c to r y

,

by

o w

Fd a

<

n

6×

】r x

1

m

10

=

6 54 5

m

/

s

7028 1 N

=

t

a rs

(

10 5 4

m

3 16 2 3

=

10

=

m

m

n u iı

an

m

d p r e c is io

n

ge

a rs

n

2 1V

(b c

10 ĺ 4 x 0 14 9 2 × 2 / 3

P

+

21 X

6 54

2 3 ,0 5 5 N

=

)

t

t

t

6 54 5

×

1054

)+ l

0

x

i0 5 4

2 50 8 × 10 3 + 7 0 2 8 1 ) ×

250 8

i0 +

x

,

T h e d e s ig n is o

m

10

页 V 十 ノ日亡 十 P

fin d

FsB

lc u la t io

Fw

r m

2 13 8 4 N w e

16 6 7

ge

n

(b ì

'

(2 1 N

fo

p r e c is io

u se

=

=

×

d

10

b y in te r p o la tio

t

70 28 1 + =

×

a n

m

7 0 2 8 1 / 10

=

t

2 5 0 8 k N lm

=

Ps

t

0 6545

=

t

m

16 6 7 X

=

t

m

m

3 1 623

=

C

m

7 028 1/ m

=

t

b

E

0 65 4 5

=

d u le to 1 0

o

m

16 6 7

=

V

C

3

l3

C h a n g e th e

5

a ls o n o

2

fW

ea r

L

oa

s a fe

a

g a in s t th e fa ilu

re o

f to

d

o

th b y fr a c tu

re

0 7 5 d b Q 'K t =

cO s

61

61

-

18 4 °

dl

-

b ig

=

z

Q

ı

l m t

2z _

Z

d p c d o f th e p in io n = 2 0 X 10 = 2 0 0 m

en

2e q

2

2e q

+

×

19 0 _

_

Z

1e ・

m

18

19 0 + 2 1

Scanned by CamScanner

W q 团团계

7 ı8

-

-

0 75

0 2

×

O ı0 M

X

co s

W rw

fm d F w

e

F

>

ı8 X 9 1 0 X

×

18 4

10

:

2 74 5 7 4 N

=

°

T h c d e s ig n is s a fe

d

3

.

a g a in s t w e a r

) -

fa ilu

. .

a ls \ì

re

11

l g e a r s a r e r e q u ir e d t u t r a n u ııit 1 1 k w fr o m a t Ĵ Tx ) r p m h h a lt to a n u t e r s h a ft Th c s p e e d r e d u c tio n b i s r e n g 3 l T h e s h a fts a r c o to be m ı T h e p in io n is tu h a v e 2 4 te e th f at o m o d u le 8 w it h . p r e ss u r e ° n io n a n d e a r fu r c C a lc u la te t h e p i g e s T a ke b o f 20 R '4 T h e b e w l g e a r s a r e o f a c u te a n g le s in t) by E qn 3 3 ta ııô , + co s O z / 1' A p a ir

o

f hc

w

ii

(

ò,

:

\

Fom F 1 r

1

)

e

_

Z

l 2 z

6Q P

i-

=

l

3

13 9 °

=

62

2

e

=

61

60°

=

13 V

4 6 1°

=

es

F ta n

-

a

CO s

(r a d ia l fo

151

rc e

(E

)

k d

m

=

la v

t

8

883 1 N

=

1 (a s s u

-

.

_

d

la v l

V

24

×

R /4

=

40 0

_

13 9° 400/ 4

=

=

8

=

16 8 兀

dl

60

×

10 0

=

a

=

,

av

n

×

x

=

×

50 0

4 4

10 0 0 100 0 × k

×

10 0 0

×

1 =

1

-

◆

P ta ııq t

s in

2 5 0 0 X ta

n

61

rc e

)

° 13 9

_

(a x ia l fo

20° X

s in

10 0

l

4 4 a

×

m

/

s

o

V 11

F

0 5

20°

kw F

m

400

一

T

m

10 0 0

60 ı

m

田 田

16 8

X

m

400

24

×

=

Æ

W

1

s in

2

b

Z

d)

e

m

3 20 )

qn

2 50 0 N

(E

qn

3 2 1)

2 18 5 5 N

Scanned by CamScanner

7 19 (k

ar

7 11

ıo r c e » '

F r2

-

F ta n

Fa2

-

,a n

D

.

e s ig n

2 50 0

20° X

n

X ta n 2 0

・

4 41 1°

CO S

4 6 】0

s jn

X

6 30 8 N

.

655 5 N

=

d W h eel

a n

orm

[a

x

X ￡ 250 0 -

-

fW

o

62

co s

a

īľ PumUmUlIlıU m mU mU 4ı 1 .

il 2 2 k w a t w o r m sp e e d l f t e a s t 81 i, is d e s ir a o i i ff n c c e A n e 1 i 4 2 y i i t e d Th e lo c ty r a o s o e ° D e te r m in e th e r e q u ir e d c o tc m p c r a tu r c r is c is to b c r e s tr ic te d to 4 0 C o in lg is m a d e o f h a r d e n e d s te e l a n d g e a r o f p h o s ho a s s u m in g th a t w o r m a re a p r bro n z e In w o r m e a r d r iv e s o n ly th e w h e e l is d e s ig n e d D e s ig n f 14 4 0 r p m V

ge a r

a w o rm

spe e

d

rc d u c e r

re

q u ir e m

ra n sm to ¡

,

g

D e p e n d in g d e c id e d fir s t 1

,

th e

o n

T h c fo llo w in g 85 > z > 25 2

N

.

o w

d ia m

a

,

c

e

ffic ie n c y

h e c k is d o

en

t

í s Į a r ts in th e

o

(q

can

q m

a x ia

=

x

ta n y

iC

x

lm

-

=

y

3

C

.

'

ta n

-

a ı c u la

F,

o

1 1 is

a ss u m e

fr o m 8 to 13 R e k r 1 6 , C h a p te r 4 )

d u le

o

f th c

w o rm

tio n

o

kw

x

Z

n m

x

(Z / q ) fF

/ )r q t? ı x

ta n

=

ł ıa c t n s o n o

V 2 2 X 10 0 0 0 22 6

×

Z /q ' (3 / 1 1 )

y

ı łı cu

FD

B

-

o

fF

Ķo

1 25

=

V

/Ħ

(a s s u m

P itc h lin

.

x

ĵ rd .

j::j

m

60

×

X

10 0 0

72

m

.

60 .

e

e te r

d)

By

'

y

'

e v e lo c

2n z

D B

[o b jc A

w o rm

1 25

(12 16 8 1/ M x ) N

ı a tı o n

f th e

th e w h e e l

Ĵr

C

o

15 2 5 °

-

=

4

l p itc h

p itc h c ir c le d ia m o f th e w o r m

=

,

10 0 0 × k

a x ia

pı d] -

Znmnd ,

-

-

d

Z p / Jr d a ,

-

ta n y

,

=

is

v a ry

to p a r a

d lm

-

w o rm

n e

fa c to r

e te r

be r

n u m

.

Fo t m

=

a w

60

x

n

x

×

f th e

o

fo r

fr o

.

w o rm

ı n

he e l

10 0 0

ı O DO r

w

(n łi)

(1 4 4 0 / 2 /ł)

X

fa c to ,

W

,

ity

T

a

w

0 226m

.

m

/s

bee l

b le 7 6

Scanned by CamScanner b

ı

b

=

0 7 5 d l,

=

0 75

[o b ] C

FD 4q

=

B

80 tio

ıin a

D e te m

×

0 5

n

o

E q u a tin g F D 1 2 9 59 m

5

C

la t io

F sB

=

n

6

to

F

ı? ı x

x

3

-

8 25

m

n

x

(a s s u m

a ssu m

0 12 5

=

e

d fo

8 25

=

x

d ) (T

e

w o rm

m

a

x

b le 4 4 )

h e c lti

w

a tir ıg r c a lc u ı

1 2 9 59

ı? ı

C

v

m

t'

12 16 8 1

=

m

10

.

o

X

.

(s t a n d a r d )

f F sB X

by

X

Æ

o

f D yn

fo r

=

'

1 0 × 8 2 5 X 0 12 5

a n a lc

w o rm

=

12 1 6 8 1 / 0 5 7

=

2 13 3 4 6 N

m

a

h e e ls

w

d

C V is

c a lc u la te

d fo

v e lo c ity p itc h lin e V = 0 2 2 6m x m / s

C F e

x

ls is

m

11

×

d u le

:

-

W

m

2

) fo r

3 / (3 + V

=

0 75

=

x

4 6)

2 59 18 N

Caı c u la t io Fd

o

B

[abm 80

=

f M

x

9 86

=

x

a lc u

2

m

Æ X

x

qM

80 N / m

=

.

V

×

(T a b le

v

.

=

-

r a c tu a o

f th e

m

> .

3+ V 12 1 6 8 1 m

3 + 2 26 12 16 8 1 .

.

l he el

w

Į

57

12 16 8 1 N

10

fu ıd

f t r r e is s a tis a c o y o o th fr a c tu t t i s n a i a ı l > F g th e d e s g sB d* C a lc u ı a tio n o f w e a r ıo a d n e te r e d ia ı h c ir c ı d 2 - w h e e l p itc W e a r lo a d , F w - d 2 b K T 2 x 10 = 7 2 0 m = zm x = 6 th e n ıa te r ia l r depen ds o K = w e a r fa c to , a ııd w h e e l o f w o rm e 7 3 N / m 2 fr o rrı T a b ı K = 7 00 × 1 0 F

7

r

,

Scanned by CamScanner

7 21

N

=

0 T2

Fw

>

Fd

×

T h e d e s ig n is

0 0 8 25

s a fe

700

×

o rm

m a

te

r ia

4 158 0 N

a g a in s t w e a r a ls o

T W

10 3

×

l

a

b le 7 7

a te r ia

W he e l m

l

K in

C I H

a rde n e d

s te e

ļ

8

C

M

2 50 B H N

a

9

0 5

=

P h o sp h o

A c tu

a

q

m

ıE m

-

(q

.

+

c ie n c y o

z

)

o n

f th e D

0 95

'

bro

r

e ta

m

05

=

bro n

g a iıe s e

tr e D is ta n c e B e tw e e n W

en

llic

o rm

×

a n

10 x

m

a te r ia

d W

orm

(1 1

+

=

0 84 98 i e

C a lc u la te d

sa

p

tis fa c to r y

ara

F 14

(1 5

ta n

o r

e

,

l

875

W heel

72) =

4 15

m

m

r iv e

w

h e r e p is th e fr ic tio

P

0 95

700

n ze

ta n p -

56 0

ze

八 s s lı m e

】 ?

2

350

an

N

k N /m

一

=

卢 声

l1

一

一

n

an

g le

(E

q n 4 14 )

0 03 0 03

°

2 5° + 1 7° )

84 98 %

ffic ie n c y is r e a t e r th a iı th e d g e s ir e d

th e c a lc u la tio n

o

f

co o

lin g

are a

re

q u ir e m

en

t,

e

ffic ie n c y D re

fe r to

e s ig n

cha

is

p te r 4 ,

Scanned by CamScanner

8

L U B R I C A T IO N

.

fu

T he

tio

f

AN D

J O U R N A L B E A R IN G S

a c h in e b e a r in g is to p e r m it c o n s tr a in e d r e la tiv e f r ig id p a r ts ın a s le e v e b e a r in a s h a ft o r o u r n a l r t t g o a e s w ith in a j b e a r in g a n d th e r e la tiv e m o tio n is s lid i n g In a n a n tifr ic tio n b e a r in l i g m a in r e a t v e m o tio n is r o llin g A c a n ı fo llo w e r m a h a v e e ith r r llin e o o y In g e a r s th e r l g r m o tio n e a tiv e m o ti s h d in g o n is a c o m b in a tio n o f r o llin g an d g B e tw e e n p is to n a n d c y lin d e r th e r e i s u d itı s s lid in g m o tio n l l A th e s e li tio n s r e q u ir e lu b r ic a tio n to r e d u a pp c a c e fr ic tio n w e a r a n d h e a tin g V is c o s ity o f th e lu b r ic a n t is a n i 82 m p o r ta n t v a r ia b l i d e n e te r m in in g b e a r in g fr ic tio n V is c o s ity is th e p h y s ic a l p r o p e r t o f a flu id th y a t o ffe r s r e s ıs t a n c e to m o tio n b e tw e e n its la e r r e la tiv e y s

81

n c

n

o

m

n o m o tıo ve o r s le e

,

,

,

,

d is t r ib

F IG

R

e fe r to

F

F

U

Fo

=

its

o

2 n

la r g e

a

O IL

F ıL M

c a u s e r e la

w

tiv e

h e r e Z is th c

She a r

s tr e s s

o

m

a

tio

n

b s o lu te

/ she a r

v is c o s ity

s t r a in

u n

'

(\

it; h e

-

n ce

,

d yn

1 /1 0 0 tb

o

e s se c

f

a

p o is e

,

ie

,

c e n tip o is e

is

u se

d

its

se c

=

9 8 × 10

7

c

p

its

Pa

s

Pa

s

=

10

N =

2

田

司

=

( Ì

-

u n

c m

ON

f V is c o s ity

P o is e is in p r a c tic e

1

,

S

i

s ıu

q u ir e d to V F = Z A h

re

ie

M OVı NG

n

its

n

o se

M KS

P L AT E

tio

8 1

re

(F /A )1(V /h )

CG S U

P

rc e

h =

n

F LA T

F ig u

A V a

Z

83

8 1

u

c

p

s

(in

=

m a ss u n

iıs )

a ıs

Scanned by CamScanner 声

Scanned by CamScanner

8 3 86 ,

T m E fıe c t o f e p e r a tu r e o n v is c o s ity v is c o s ity d e c r e a s e s w ith in c r e a s e i

te m p e r a tu r f e o

n

%X

87

,

h ig h

P e tr o fp s L

sp e e

d

a

p p lic a tio

r o

ils

in li h tl l g y o a d e d b e a r in g s ,

n s,

(F ig

a ir

is

8 4) u se

d

as .

aw

ft is a s s u m e d to b e c o n c e n t i r c (F ı 8 6 ) w h ic h is n o t tr u e S till g f b i t ffi n o r in g fr ic tio n e e a c e o c h e t p r e d ic te d b y th is la w is q u ite g o o d e v e n f i w h e n th e s h a t s n o t c o n c e n tr ic T he

sh a

,

F

fr ic tio

=

V

fo

n

rce

(V lc )

Z A

=

w

,

s u r fa c e v e lo c

-

ity

f th e

o

,

F IG

A

F

s u r fa c e

=

T

(2 r t t ı ) (2 n r N y

Z

-

fr ic tio

=

n

to r q u e

T

-

=

c

=

ra

d ia l

c le a ra n c e

r

=

ra

d iu

o

f th

e

jo

=

ı e n g th

o

f th

e

be

=

re v o ı u tio n s

fń c tio n be a r in p g

_

o w

,

w

pe r

u rn a

a r in

ı

g

sec on

d

2 7r r l

=

Z 4Z

(2 n

) (2 n

rl

2 3

ır r

rN

'

»r / c

tN ıl c

n

w 72 r l N

s

ii:

to r q u e is a ls o g iv e n a s T = lt w aı is th e lo a d o n th e b e a r in g W ıd w

F r ic tio

'

c

F

-

2n r N

=

8 6

jo u r n a l

f th e

are a o

jo u r n a l

jį

・

N

he re

r, w

e

h e r e H is th e c o e ffic ie n t o f d e fin e th e p r e s s u r e in th e

p (2 r l) T h e r e fo r e

=

(b ) d

s o lv in

g fo

in ıp o r la ııt d im

r

Jr ,

w e

ge t

e n s io n le s s

pa

r a iııe te r s

in lu b r ic a tio

n

Scanned by CamScanner

敬本

L * * n cū

o 6

CM LU B R ı

Y

ı?

(C o tï h m

R G

& O

* Ix E D ı n te (ı

=

F r ic ıi» D

th e

n

n

ıb b in B

i= S ı id i= g C

is sı ı r fa c e s

e a

m

r m

o u s

F I\

* n s

n

ı

ı ON ł o c o ıc o n to c t )

ıw

I SE M Ł FL U ı D

L U B R IC A T IO N

it奄e n t b e a l 口口门叙烈 式 )

B t a r in g s

h a r a c te r iz e d b y th e a b s e n a n d o b e y in g C o u lo m b s la w c

f lu b r ic a iıt la y e r b e tw f fr ia io n i e F = P W

ce o

'

o

ee n

,

« U y F r ic t io = (F 7 ) ï n th is ty p e o f fn c tio n lu b r ic a iıt is fe d in , sc a r c e q ı ı a a tit ic s B o t h th c Đ y a n d b o u rıd ș r y ty \ s o f fr ic tio n in a s lid in g b ea ri n g a r c c h a r a a e r iz c d b y c o m a r a t iv e l f ces p y heay w e a r b e c a u s e th e s u r a o f Đ jo ıım a l a n d b e a r in B a r e in c o n s ta n t c o n t U

»

aĐ

Scanned by CamScanner

n u id ty p e s o f fr ic tio b in g s u r fa c e s is the r u b f he s e s u r a c e s

d a iı

T h is o c c u r s v e r y t h in a n d n

t

h e n th c film o f th e lu b r ic a n t b t e w ee n e a s ily d is t w bc d b i a n y y r r e g u la r ity o n w

F lu id F r ic t io n is c h a r a c te r iz e d b y a la y e r o f lu b r ic a n t e n c lo s d b e e tw e e n k in g s u r fa c e s o f th e jo u r n a l A n d tbe w o r a n d p r e v e n tin ° c l m t e t a H o m e ta l e n c e w e a r is v e r g ta c t ı y m u c h re d u c e d co ı fr ic tio n c o e ffic ie n t i 0 0 3 i 0 a t a 0 n s 0 0 5 to 0 10 in s / g o 00 0 to c m in u id a n d o ] to o 2 5 in d r fr ic tio n i i h f i t n c o e d r i t y a f n l h o t e b e a r in In f u g g is c o n s jd e r a b ly lo w e r O n ly d u r in g s ta r tin g im d o p p in s , th e r e w ilıb e m e ta l to m e ta l y c o n ta c t h i t f e c u a M s s e s d o t w e a r in b e a r in an s

bearg

Uid

g T h e v a r ia tio n o f th c c o e ffic ie n t f fr ic tio n w ith Z /V ' {p i6 s h o o w n in 8 9 Z TV /P is c a lle d b e a r in g m o d u ı u s o r b e a r in h c a r i t i c a e r st c n u m be r g M in im u m fr ic tio n o c c u r s a t C , w h e n Z IV Ip . X T h e b e a r in g s h o u ld n o t b e o p e r a te d a t tM s p o in t b e c a u s e , a s li h t d e c r e a s e in s p e e d o r s li h t in c r e a g s e in g pr e s s u r e w ill b r e a k th e o iıfilm a n d th e r e w ill b e m e ta l to m e ta i c o n ta c t T h e r e fo r e Z /V /P 2 3 X If th e b e a r in i g s s u b je c te d to la r g e flu c tu a tin g ,

H

p e r a tin g to th e

r ig h t o f o r d in a te B a n in c r e a s e in lu b r ic a n t d ( y , u e to s o m e c h a n g e in o p e r a tin g e n v ir o n m e n t) r e s u lts in lo w e r v is c o s ity a n d h e n c e a s m a lle r v a lu e o f Z /V /P N o w c o e ffic ie n t f o fric tio n d e c r e a s e s a n d h e n c e lu b r ic a n t te m e r a tu r e w ill d e c r e a s e T h u s th e p r e g io n to th e r ig h t o f o r d in a te B A r e p r e s e n ts s ta b le lu b r ic a tio n be c a u se v a r ia tio n s a r e s e lf c o r r e c tin g T o th e le fĮ o f o r d in a te B A , a d e c r e a s e in S i t y (d u e to a n in c r e a s e in lu b r ic a n t te m p e r a tu r e ) w o u ıd in c r e a s e th e fric tio n a n d te m e r a tu r e a n d h e n c e th e r e w ill b e fu r th e r re d u c tio n in v is c o s it p y T he r e B io n [o th e le ħ o f o r d in a te r e r e s e n ts u n s ta b le e u ilib r iu m q p

te m

w e a re o

p e r a tu r e

sa

,

日㈹

R G 88

""

:į

rï

层

c

加 m

c te r is

tlc

，

: O N OF THE C V A R ıM ı TH O F FM C R O N W ı

ギ F IO E N T

I

Scanned by CamScanner pp

8 9 .

.

L

T h ic k fiï m

b r ic a tio

u

u id I A r b r ic a tio /Fı

n

b) F IG

jo u r n 8 10 .

& 10

M E C H A N IS M

D is tr ib u tio

re

(a ) C ir c u

m

fe

F IG

8 11

N

8 ı2

M e a n i s m

.

.

om

e n c la

T h e fo llo

tu

re n

8 11

re o

o

f

a

n

(C ) D U

A T S TA R T

O F

T h e lu b r ic a n t is p u m p e d in to a l to th e le ft h a iıd s id e P ress u

in J o

ım ı

H YDR O DYN A M ı C

w e

a

a

ıB

dge

e a r in

tia l

f F lu id L

m

u

sha

ped

a

ıB e a

b r ic a tio

f ın

R ı N G

R U N N IN G

L U B R IC A T IO N

sp a c e

an

d fo

rc e s

the

is

g (F ig B 1 1 )

(b ) A

P R ESS U R E

Jo u

n

x

io l

IN H U R N A L B E A R IN G

g

æ

b

12 )

n

in g a s s u n ıp tio n s a r e m a d e (1 ) T lıe flu id c o m p le te ly tills th e c r e s c e n t (w e d g e ) s h a p e d s p a c e b e tw e e n th e tw o s u r fa c e s (ż ) T h ĺ » flu id " w e ts o r a d h e r e s to th e s u r fa c e s o th a t T be th e v e lm ity o f th e fı u id a t e a c h s u r fa c e is s a s th a t o f th e s u r fa c e (3 ) Èl (4 ) E o w h ı tlıe d ir e c tio n p e r p e n d ic u la r to th e s u r fa c e v e lo c it u is y w

"

b

・

S

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

8 8 .

p r e s s u re d ls tr lb u tfo n

(b )

(c ) Fı G

8 14

F LO W IN CON VE RC ı N G F IL M N D U C E D F LO W ı (b ) P R E S S U R E

(a ) V E LO C IT Y IN D U C E D F L O W

N G D IS T R 旧 U T IO N (c ) R E S U L T ı

su

p p o rt

a

lo a d

,

Scanned by CamScanner

8 9

c le

a ra n c e

Fı G

be

a r

k

F itte d

8 15

Fı G

be

a r in

g

8 16

F ı B e a r iıı8 (F i 8 1 6 ) is o n e in h i h & w th e r a d iu s o f t h e jo u r n a l c a n d b e a r in g a r e c u a i F ıtt d b c e a r in g m u s t b e a q a r tia l b e a r in d h a n p t e o u r g n a l j ı ł s t n ın e c c e n t i r c w ith th e b e a r in &

th e m

h

ľ

(o ) S te p b e o r in g

d

(c ) C o n ic o F ÏG

8 17

TH R U ST 飞

d

a

三月 ぞ

l b e a r in g

B E A R TN G S 小

i

Scanned by CamScanner

8 10

T » Æ B c d a c a lı

is

th n

i lıe d to b e a r in g d e s g A 7 ı ) A i (F g

g

ıs t

B

e a r in

is

18 ) g (F ig Ä

o n e

in

w

su

P P o rt

h ic h tw

an

a x ia l l

o ad

s u r fa c e s ar e

o

召 크

M

Reyno (B o w

in

z

―

B E A R IN G

i w a s d e v e lo p e d b o f lu b r ic a t o n r y l e q u a tio ıı fo r tlıe th e o y fl l o w , n e g le c tin g s id e le a k a g e i a n o n s i d e m e e q u a tio n fo r o n m a s d ir e a io n ) is g iv e n

D iffe

& 14

s u r fa c e

g

SU DER

8 18

F IG

o v in

r e n tia

,

l b ń c a i ıt F ıg 8 1 9 s h o w s a is th e a b s o lu te v is c o s ity o f th e u l c k w is e Č r e c tio n h t u r fa c e v e lo c ity U h ı t e c o jm m a l r o ıa tin g w ith a c o n s ta n s e th ic k n e s s h f v a r ia b ı a p p o r tc d b y a liln ı o is a c c o u n t th e r e s u ltin g tw o d im e n s io n a l e W n e aı s id e io n is e q n ał he re

w

II

T b e r e is

ha

ie

be

e ra

l

s o lu

f th e in ıp o r ta n t h e fo r m d i t n e sse n e

r *h e r e

c

ge n

is th e

tio

n

to tM

s

e

q u a tio

n

a

p p r o x im

a te

s o lu

tio n s

aı

o

cw

1ıo

ra

o

ií in d ic a te s

d ia l c le a r a n

ce

s o lu tio n s

is d rıe to S o n

u ııe r fe

ld

fm n a io n a l r e la tio n s h ip , r is th e r a d i a n d N is th e s p e e d o f th e jo u r n a l

o

ıd aı

m ay

f th e

jo u n

be

ıiu

,

b s o m m e r fe ld fo m d th e fu n a io n s fo r h a ı f b e a r in g s a n d ħıll b e a r in g s y 2 w n e s in g th e a s s uqptjo o f ılo s id e le a k a g e T h e q u a n tit (】N /p ) (r lc ) is k r ıo y 7 S o m m e r fe ld n u m b e r S T h is n u m b e r u n ite s iıı o n e d im e n s io n le ss a ū th e i tł v a r ia ł e th e fa c to r s o v e r w h ic h tlıe d e s ig ı o u r de s p ıe r h a s c 9 n tr o ı In S o m m e r lc ı d n ıu ıtb e r is g iv e n a s c a k u la t io w ,

r* h e r c

Z

=

Absot

sity

in

m s

Scanned by CamScanner

H 11 ,

(o ) y

L

R

o to tł n

g

W

m

o

Į

吕 一

叫

圈中

ı u b r lc o r r t

dy d

x

X

(b ) F lG

N

8 15 .

.

' .

P

.

P

_

d

8 19

o f jo u r n a l, r e v o lu tio b e a r in g p r e s s u e N /m 2 , W IL D spe e

n s

c c o 1m

pe

.n

r se c o n

d

d le a k a g e

an

d fo

r

v a r io m

u D f r e ld n m ber :n in F ig 8 2 0 ń ıll

jo īır ııa l

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

a

r is e

tu r e

T e iııp e r a de p

)

'

pc p

lo

=

A to

d

a

A t /P o ,

is g iv e n in T a v e ra

ge

v a lu e

a

b le 8 1

8 3 1 k g /m 3

,

a v e ra

10 4 N /

o v e r

d iffe

=

'

lk g °C

m

14 2 X

.

pc

,

f th e lu b r ic a n t k /m 3 , g

n s ity o

N

v a r ia b le

p

2o

n ı

b e tw

re n c e

v a lu e

17 10

C

je c te d

ro

ge

f th e b e

are a o

in ı et

een

an

a r in

2

g , N /m

d

o o u d e t te m p e r a tu r e s o f o il in C d i t t r o e e ı ı ı h n t e i e v s c o s it o f h In t e o il, a v e r a e o f th e in le t a y g i l t s r o t u e r a e n e ı ( e r m t a u t e r e ) is u s e d p t p o u tle

o rd e r

tl t2

-

in le t te m p e

-

o u

tle t te

t

-

Tl +

tb

-

be

ta

=

te

.

b) M in im F ig 8 2 0

t /2)

(A

a r in

.

ra

g

tu

fiı m

re

re

=

t

l

+

Ąt

o

te m p e r a tu r e o f o il

-

o

d

re

tu

s u r fa c e

n ıp e r a

u n ı

pe

ı n

tu

ra

n

te

n ıp e r a tu r e

f th e

th ic k n e s s

(a v e r a g e ) (t. + t. 2

-

d in g a ir v a r ia b le 2 h /C p lo tte d o su rr o u n

a

,

g a in s t S is

sho w n

in

T h e c e n tr e o f th e jo u r n a l w h e n u ııd e r lo a d i s n o t c o n c e n tr ic w it h t h e i n b e a r g , b u t m o v e s a p p r o x in ıa tė ly a lo n g a s e m i c ir c u la r a r c o f d i a m e te r C /2 T h is r e s u lts in th e e s t a b lis h m e n t o f m in im u m film th ic k n e ss , h a s s h o w n in o , F ig 8 2 2 T he

tio

ra

e c c e n tr ic ity r a

n um

n

tt im

B

ase

b e r is

a

o n

fu

f

e c c e n tr ic

tio

a e E

d

o

n c

2e -

hy

tio

n

o

_

ity

(e )

to

ra

d ia l c le a r a n

c e

is

c a

lle d

a ttitu

de

o r

e r fe

ld

(2 h . / C )

1

D y n a m ic th e o r y , it f a ttitu d e o n ly

.

c a iı

be

sh o w n

th a t s o

n ım

)

F r ic tio n v a r ia b le H (D /C ) is p lo tte d a g a in s t S in F ig 8 2 1 /z is th e , c o e ffic ie n t o f f i i r c t o n p e tr o fF s e q u a tio n d o e s n o t ta k e in t o a c c o t u ıt t h e e c c e n tr ic it f h o t b i e e a r n g tın d e r lo a d T h e S o m m e r fe ld n u m b e r w h e n y p lo tt e d a g a in s t 4 D /C 1 ( ) ta k e s th e e c c e n tr ic ity in to a c c o u n t c

d ) T h e flo w v a r ia b le 4 q /D C ı V L is g iv e n in T a b le 8 1 T h is is u s e d to , c a lc u la te h t e o il s u i ı p p e d to th e b e a r in g q is th e v o lu m e o f th e lu b r ic a n t w h ic h is p u m e d in to th e c o n v e r g in g s p a c e b y th e jo w n a l a n d it is in n ı3 /s e c p Ĥ

ow s o u

Ĝ

óin 1 ・

.

'" s

t a s e n ıd\ (sILiUd Ce ile k ) a ķ a ge Č )

h" l

y

Th .

ș

・-

t oo ・

b. . .

e s '. " e s s iv e

-

..

g

, u r fa u

fit

i tg iWv eWn i 8 11 u nı T JL a b d lle Ö

o r a t L ıu

b

iı o e c a iı

u s e ad

te m p e r a u Jr e w ill b e to o h ig h a n d m in im u m h c d i rt p . ticl e : i . T h' ' i l °p y' " . a ' ī wi th? u t

Is to o

I o- .

TII nh e H ıłU o Ww y

An

A ll,

°.

''

d w

"y

ea r,

e.

be d

resug

Th° ?.l' "

in m g b re .

in th e b e . h g ī . p e r a tu r e s a n d . E iz in g

Scanned by CamScanner

8 14

T a b le 吕1 。

o n = io n le s s

D im

p c rb

rm a n m w ,

oo

、

0 24 0

￠ 19 10

、

0 12 3

6 7 26

、

0 1X 12 6

0 ï 94

、

0 0 38 9

54 3 1

、

0 0 21

4 2 22

、 一

0 0 1 15

31 62

。

oo

。 、

1 33

、

c

w

冗

a >

0 15 0

0 631

T4 02

35 9

0 28 0

10 6 52 1

0 264

6 3 10

5 79

3 99

0 497

24 3

、

0 12 1

50 5 8

3 22

4 33

0 68 0

14 2

、 、

0 044 6

3 6 24

1 MO

4 62

0 84 2

8 00

0 0ı 88

26 4 5

ıo 5

4 T4

0 9 19

5 16

0 24 7

一

0 0 0 4 74

15 4 7

0 5 14

4 月2

0 9 73

261

、

0

1O

O

0 15 2 O

0

0

(8 8 5 )

a >

oo

n

0

0 0 5 29

0 484 0 40 0 3 13

oo

85 6

3 43

0 17 3

34 3 0

2 03

8 1 62 74 9 4

40 9

3 72

0 3 18

16 4 0

0 5 06

0 7 79

6 1 45

1? 0

4 29

0 552

68 6

0 44 ]

0 3 19

4 8 14

8 10

4M

0 730

33 0

0 36 5

O W 23

33 3 1

3

5 41

21 6 6

1 60

5 4&9

0 4 0 9 39

13 4

0 0 3 11

0 6 10

5 88

。 、

4 3]

、 、 、 、

0 0 0 6 0 1) 1 3 7 5

0

0

0

10

￠»

(8 9 5 )

0 9

16 2

82 3 1

32 2 0

o»

Jr

0 5 23

0 26 7

6 66

0 206

0 9 8 10

2 56

0 126

b D

O

O

0

o p

3 45

0 18 0

12 8 7 0

0 1 15

。

0 8

7 57

7 5 18

15 3 0

3 T6

0 330

6 ı1 0

0 489

。

0 6

23 3

60 8 6

6 ı1

4 37

0 56 7

24 5 0

0 4 15

。

0 4

46 72

26 7

4 99

0 74 6

10 7 0

O 3 34

。 。

◆2

ı0 7 0 26 1

310￠

81 0

5 60

0 3 84

35 4

0 2 40

0 1

0 0 736

2 10

33 0

5 91

0 9 45

14 1

一

0 03

0 0 10 1

12 22

0 9 22

6 12

0 9 84

3 73

0 180 08 0 ı

。

0

0

IO

O

O

0

0

ilıp e r m it d ir t Io p a s s th r o u h a n d a ls o w ill p e r ın it g hc }f o il T h is lo w e r s t h e te m p c r a l u r c a o d in c r e a s e s tb e life o l t b c i t Jis a d v a n ta g e s th a i w h e n th e c le a r a n c e b e c o m e s 1o o la r g e ı ıc s n o is y a n d th e tn it ıim m rılm lh ic k a c « b c s in s to d c c r c a a c : c le a r a n c e

w

,

c ho o se

w c

hl

oo

3 37

一 一 一

r jg

(8 5 )

12 8

一

th c

gs

-

26 4

。 。

m

l B e a r in

79 5

一 、

u m

u rn a

0

0

。

in im

F u ll J o

f

(7 0 9 2 )

。

、

If

# r s fo p a ra m e ł ith S Įd c Ħo w

th ic k n e s s

itim a n

a r łrr c

[h e

d

in c r e a s e

clearancc r a n g e s lig h tı c fı o f th c y Io th e ı Fu tu r e c u r ve l w iı th e o p e r th e lłlm th ic k ıı￠a s a n d e a ı c

u

1p

%

.

'

Scanned by CamScanner

8 ß .

F lG

8 22

G 8 23 Fı

国 Scanned by CamScanner 歹

Scanned by CamScanner

8 17 '

C

sp e c

=

A to

ific

d iffe r e iıı c

-

he at

n ce

o

b e tw

f

o

ee

o

il, 1 7 1 0 J /k ° g C n in le t a ııd o u tle t tc lıı e r a tu p

D e s ig n P r o c e d u r e ı 2 吕 h mal is o b ta in e d fr o n ı th f ia ıııe te r o f t e jolı e o 1 D r a tio fr o n ı T a b le 8 2 W d e i c ı De T a b le 8 2 D e s i8 n Parametern f

f o il

re s o

.

，

a c lıin c r y

M

r in g

e a

C /D

W

r a tio a

a n a

g

lln

n n ıh

L u b r ic a n t v

ı e

Z

æĦl C

H iglıs p æ d

G as

En g m (F o \ G as

W

d O il

an

es

ke )

s tıo

an

d o il

a in

C

ra n

C

M

and

C

m o

0 00 l

k P in

a

P in

in

ra n

0 00 1 k Ħn

u to

b ile

W

n

0 00 1 k P in

r is t

%

1 3 1 7

12 6

0 025

0 6 2 0

4 9 -8 4

0 6 15

0 2

10 8 1 2 6

1

to

12 8

O

0 6 2 0

18

a in m

4 2

2 2

0 8 1 8 0 7 1 4

P in

18

E n gin e s R e c ip r o

ca

tin

M

g

C o m p re ss o r s an d pu m ps

r a i ık

W

r is t

R gal P u m p s M o to r s , an d G e n e ra t o rs a c h in e

S te a m T

R a ib

M

ra

T

o o

ls

u f b in e s

y C

a rs

a r in e

S tm

E n g in e s T ra n s

is s io

m -

-

S ha ĺ ti

n

n s

a in

M

a

A

g

X

to

12 5

0 0 65

1 42

5 6 12

0 008

2 13

0 0 08

ı4 2

16 - 3 5

0 008

1 14

2 1

0A

0 14 2

24 5

P in

in

O m

x le

o

O

*

0 16

14 2 2

35

0 1

35

0 03

2 85

42

0 04

2 B

W ń s t p in

10 5

0 03

L 42

L ig h t , F ix e d

O m

0 0 25

14 2 2

0 001

6

0 03

7 82

0 001

0

1 1

0 06

4 27

2 0 -3 0

1 1

0 06

42 7

0 007

0 0 02

ı4 2

l to 2

56

0 1

1 15

21

0 05

M

a in

C

ra n

k P in

o to r

H Įk a

0 00 0

2 a b s o e v is c o s it y d in

2

0 001

.

P in

sp e e

l 42

P in

S e lf A li iıin g g

N

2 R

to r

M

R

pcs

Jo

'

in

C

C e n tr ifu

M

a

6

38 0

12 5

10 8

2 2

10

0 71

7 10 5 8 4

l ıl

"

"

x

15 4

38

Z IV P -

k g lm

0 9 1 5

0 6 15

W ń s t Ħn

株式ra ft A

p in

r is t

W

M

ke )

k p in

r is t

M

Engincswo s tro

ra n

ı y s is

Journal B e a r t\

o r

B

rc e

rp

n

p

,

in

W

7 11

ı4 2

m s

2 p r e s s r»r e ir N /m

Scanned by CamScanner

h r P is le s s th T a b le 8 2 w h e t e an t k w ith th e h c e he d e r a tio n i F in d p = s n 3 o c r d e n u i n t o i l ca ib l v a lu e , fo r th e a p p te r a n d fo r r p e n ııis s e 1 5 0 Č n d ia n ıe p e c is i 25 f l o s a n on r u o i n g s th e r a tio is o o o A s s u n ıe c /D p o r j r a b 4 e r e i h n 2 y c a l m a a r nđ o o o 1 , fo r g e n e b e a r in g s c /D 4 0 0 0 i i s t hi e r fo r r o u g h s e r v ic e n ıa c n y d s o n s u r fa c e fi th ic k n e s s d e p e n n is h o il ñ lm m u i ı n i n m h T e D e c id e o n h 5 a ııd c

W L D

=

o

(F ig 8 2 5 ) ho

c .C

z

he re C

w

(r m

p

T

C

e tc

n

,

p

It

=

b e a r in g

a iıd

jo u r n a l r o u g h n e s s e s

re sp e c

tiv e ly , T a b le 84

f d ir t p a r tic le s in th e in to a c c o u n t th e p r e s e n c e o C c is u s e d a c le a r a i ıc e fa c to r

l if

-

c

)

k fa c to r , T a b le 8 3 g hn e s s p e a h ss t a v e r a ge r o u g n e r a tio o f p e a k o

rm sJ

ta k e

o

d e fle c tio

,

r m sJ

+

ro u

-

-

rm sB

sB

o

il is

o

il, s h a ft

c le a n

l o f Z ÌV /P , k n o w in g N (s p e e d ) Z IV /p fr o m T a b le 8 2 F o r th is v a u e Se f th e 2 h o /C v a lu e , O b t t th e w o r k in g te m p e r a t u r e , o r o r a i ıd p , d e te r m in e Z a Z i S fr o n ı T a b le 8 1 o r c h a r ts a iıd d e te r m n e R o u gı ın e s s p e a k fa c to r , C T a bı e 83

6

p

,

A

F in is h T

ıe u rı

G

ro u n

v e ra

d

hen

ce

8

D

su

g to th e ta b le o fr ic tio n c o e ffic ie n t II

e

te

rm

g g e s tio

th e

n ıa s s

flo w T

T ip

H ig h p r e c is io

M

e

r

u

o r

'

a

r a te

o

bı e 8 4 , S u r fa

ce ro u

b e a r in g

0 12 5

0 5

0 8

rin

R

8 22

POPerties

be

eam

in g

R e q u ir e d

o

ıo w F r ic tio n P r o p e r tie s W

a 】in

II su

d

ita b le

' "

,

rm

s

r e c is io n

0 4

r

e

an

n

b e a r in g G r in d iï ıg

.

n c it,

fS

ess

ĦU g h

journal

1

ghn

0 2

.

If

o

f o il

0 12 5

p

p

fm d /r D /C fo r th e k n o w r ı v a lu e s e M c K e e s e q u a tio n to d e t e r m in

journal d iu m

fC

ch a rt

f S u r fa c e

e o

e o

H > h ıe H a iıd H d a iıd c h e c k w h e tlıe r H d g g fo r iroving ħe a t d is s ip a tio Ą s h o u ld b e g iv e n

a lc u la te

C

9

n s

lu

6 5 to 1 0

e fe r r in

R

v a

4 5

d

L app e d

7

ge 5

fB

e a r in

Hen a

g s ilı o r d t ı to lim it fr ic tio

0 4

1 6

0 8

16

◆

g M

a

te r ia ls

jo u m

a

l is

d

aı

t ear

s ta r t

(e g

,

B

s to

a

b b it

p p in g

n ıe ta

in o r ru n n

g

a

ls )

自 Scanned by CamScanner ■

8 19

G Fı

8 25

R E LA T ı O N S H ıP S B E T W E EN R O o T M E A N SQ P E A K TO VA L L E UA R E Fı N rS H Y H Eı G H T AN D O IL F IL M T H ıC K N E SS

X

10

3

l=

6 5

4

J

=

=

20

30

团

团

ı

=

50

40

» « 60

70

TEM PER ATU R E

F ïG

8 26

A VE RA G E

A B S O LU T E

80 O

90

10 0

= TI0

12 0

C

,

V IS C O S IT IE S V s

T E M P E R A T T)R E

'

:x s

d h a v e h ig h S tr e n g th T h e b e a r iııg (s le e v e ) m a te ń a l s h o u ı f th ß n ıa te ń a ıfr o m th e b e a r in g e n g th to p r e v e n t c x tn ıs io n o

Scanned by CamScanner

82 0

d itio n s o f lo a d in g a n d tc n ıp e r a tu r e Fat r e ıı e Sł g lh U rı? r s e v e r e c o n , h i l a d s to p ittin g o f th e s u r fa c e A v e r s u r fa c e fa t ig u e c r a c k s d e v e lo p a ııd t s e y ıg o f th e fa t i v e n ts s p r e a d iı th in b e a r in g m e ta l b o n d e d to a s te e l b a c k p r e b i lin in g o f 0 0 7 5 In a u to m o tiv e a p p lic a tio ıffi a tin b a s e b a b t cra c ks th ic k n e s s i$ i in its s h a p e a n d it 】ııa 4 F\)nı ıability J o u m a ıın a y h a v e s m a lłin a c c u r a c e s y h in ld a d a Ħ it b d e Ħe c t 1 ın d e r th e im p o s e d lo a d s T h e m a te ń a l o f th e e a r g s o u s b a c h ie v e d b y e a m h e l f a s l y o a h n i T ı a s i t c e p p s c g s h a p e to th a t o f th e jo M m e i P la s tic n o w is m o s t d e s ir a b le to flo w b y w e a r in g a w a y o r b y lo c a l m e ltin g a r e a iıd aw ay a b ility , b e c a u s e , w e a r in g c o n fo m ı a c h ie v e w h ic b ın a y b u r n o u t th e b e a r a c c o n ıp a n ie d b y e x c e s s iv e h e (s n ıa ll s to n e ) s a n d a n d m e ta l 5 E m b e d d a b iliı y T h e fo r e ig iı partie n to th e b e a r in g w ith th c lu b r ic a n t o r v c n tila tirıg n ıa y b e iııu o d u c e d i p n g m a ıe r ia l is h a r d th c p a r tic le s m a y s c o r e th e s u r fa c e a n d a ir If tb e b e a r i ft th e p a r t ic le s a r e c o m p le te ly i i p r o d u c e w e a r B u t if th e b e a r in g lin n g s s o e m be d ? d ļ

,

,

,

,

&

s te e

lo

u n

bro

r

e a r in

B

吕2 3

fo M

T h e b e a r in g m a te r ia l s h o u ld b o ife Č e b a c k fo r lo n g b e a r in g ı

o ııd lııg

B

g M

n ıa tc r ia

ıfo

r an

y

p p lic a ıio

a

b a s e b a b b it (tin 9 0 % (le a d 7 5 % a ııtim o n y a iıd t in n c n t fo r s c n c r a l a r c q u ir c ı T

1

ın

,

W ne

2

3 a n

4

re

iıig h d tin a lı m \ W

n c re

W

n c re

b e a r in g s 吕24 H

1

lo a d s

'

th e ı ıı a

dc

S y s te m a n

.

Fee d

\ ifo

A o

w

ith

tı m

a i ıtim o n

) a re p

in

b r 《) n z c

y

an

r L a b r ic a tio

d

co

ppe r)

wipread

s tr e n

\

g th s

d le a d b a s e b a b b it

s in c e

ı ı se

br a ss

o r

an

a

m

th e y s a tis fy m o s t

y bc

rcquir

a rc

d

u sr

co

p pe

r,

le a d

lu b r ic a t io n is in fr c q lıc n t o ille s s r ir o n w ith g r a p h h c m a y b e u s e d '

o r

,

o

ı ı

or

ih a

r

lo

W id n

sp e ed a n

w

d li8 h tly ı o a dc d be

F e e d O ik

ĺ

ban d

o

rs

(F ig s be c

iliw

8 27 a

au se

a n

a r in

d 8 m

sı łp p

ly

o

gs

) f ı u b r ic a n t is

y ıe a r ı ı

rm

S P 沁細 it r a = i

淄 邮

e n tly

f b e a r in g n ıa t e r ia ls a r e n o t to b e b e a r in g m a te r ia l H e iıc e th e c h o ic e r u s 【r e p r e s e n t a c o n ıp r o m is e

p r e s s iw a n d fa tig u e a y be u sed b e a r in ß is in a c c e s s ib le r o f p o r o u s s in t e r e d b

s u it a b ı c fo r f d r 110 6 w ith Č sha t a n 4

la n

liııg d O ł

ı Į c tt e r u n

d iı y a n d p c r Jm

rc a

o

co m

S u it a b le fo

Z

,

a r c v e ry

o

d

te r ia L

a

A ll th e d e s ir a b le c h a r a a e r is t ic s d to a h ig h d e g r e e in a ııy p a r tic u la

a

n

be a r T a c r iıg o r c b a iıı i* s ı ip p e d d c a JT ic s o đle tb e b e a r in g fr o m th c r e s ha Ĥ a ı ı

th e

ir sc rv o i

S } ıt e = ıg r o t a t iı

o

il 「召枕

«

1

p art r v o ir

,

0

su c

ır a«

d

d

h

as a

a 國 目淄 m

c a « cd g i b f a l e 《 e r o o il ia tb c c ıı cł o*ed d iıı e d lf * th e b c « iq p

ge a r

n

r

a

ro

ta t in

in g ￠ il b ı 了妞 《a ıia魯g '

o

Scanned by CamScanner

8 21

Fı G

8 27

82 5

Bo

F ı G

0

ıd a r y o ı

?

brk

a

F ıG

8 27 b B

Đ

ea r

t叫声

(B e a r in g fo r

B e a r in g d c is b a s e d o ıı tb c P V fa c to aı ıd r u b b in g v c lo c h y T o lim it te m p e r a m ith in ı im its p V fa c to r s h o u id b c lim ite d

Pre s s u re w

8 28

L ig h t S e

r, rc

th e r is e

r v ic e

)

p ro d u c t o f b e a n d k e e p th e

a r in

g

w e a r

,

ı

T a b le 8 5 iv e s g e d

'

W

& a&

ra

im its fo tin g ı

r

so m e

m ı a tc r ia ls

u se

d in b o

u n

d

a i了

M e W B u b l s h ile ta l

p re \W

pe

o

ia t o

\

*»oy ・

) ło fa ım

p

J«

d

to a D o rw

iir o q c o p p e r ir t» ı c t c ) is b r o ıw h e a te d r ıe th c b e a r iırg ıa d t s h ıı id A b o u t ı0 to 3 5 % o f ıh c w h m ıc is v o id m so ł

Æ

(B m

m

ţ

d

Scanned by CamScanner

łL

uRHH

to

$ h * ħi$ s #w

w

th e

i h

IL ı?

.

甑

猕 静 ㈹

Th o ı w aı e m u l R in t (ł ļ w w \ 4\h a In lų ł \ a m l th ņ l*tl\w H R ıtli￠ lu lw lť a n ın ,

Ħ￠a ï l\W M

*

娟 \懒 钿冶 ベ彆

i、

・

P \* s tiı lm ・

T h e ir p xw W t\￠ frk ĥ m

M

\l\ų \s a r Q

..

ł * l# ł ciu

lh h t

LM l

W

\L, ￠a R y l\ \ tn a t l\ln c

t Ħn a l « tn th \ť ll(h y llmŇ th c lr a \ h e a l ls * e t\c r « tc \\ łS 為 ◆e ł

d h l c x p c ııs i vc nppı icł ttions w h e r e v e

u s o to

ł m

ry

,

.

： 二

哔ぼ

。

h

w

. '" 。

a

一

73

ı75 0

￠s

4 O

li S o

*S

50

10 0

35

160

U 5

35

4 )

4 00

13 0

5 30

w s i m ?

HJdntatıt

驟 \绨：.

6S

31

T u Re n

\

聾

,

lł ea rł n ı ?s

lw a m ic b e a r in g u t\til th o s p e e d n e c e s a r y fo r p r e s s u r e i l d u p is r e a c h e d th e m \\4ll In t\\o ta l to m e ta l c tm ti\c t In u th c r w o r d s , th e r e l b o s t a r tin g a n d s to p iıg fr ic tio n t lu c til r u b b in g u r s u r fa c e s M o r e o v e r w iı , Ę th e r e h a s to b c a n e c e e n tr ic ity b c lw c e n th o ju u r n a l :\n d b e a r in g c e n tr e s T h e s e & ıìß o v e r c o n t e in a hytlrttatic b e a r in g h !\ ln

ı n

x

,

,

ï}

!

U ł

ı

tt )

hı r ;6 1 l\ r f r4t \ + q ı

V

F IG

(

{

N

Į

a n

i

î

i jl

r

8 29

h yd r o s ta tic b e a r in g (e x te r n a lly p r e ss u r iz e d b e a r in g ) a n e x te r n a l to h li p r e s s u r e s o u r c e (p u m p ) s u p p c & t c p r e s s u r iz e d lu b r ic a n t to th e b e a r in g no at s u p p o r t th e lo a d T h e r e fo r e e v e n a t z e r o s p e e d , th e s h a ft c a n b e m a d e to ln

a

,

-

.

Scanned by CamScanner

8 23

In r o

In

m ac

is

tr e s ı ce ı

b e a r in g s

0 9

,

Xr

llin g

n

・"

.

"

ilı h fd r o s ta tic b e

a r in

°.

g is

\"

u se

« p in

,

d

dı oa

o

f he a v y

h y d m » s ta tic ı ilt; i c

as

m ac

.

,

h in

e

d u r in g

e

p r e fe

a re

"

to o l s p in d ı c s , c o n c e n t r ic it h e tw c e n th c o y j u r n a l a n d b e a r in g i f t t r t o m n a o s o r w o r k p ie c e a c ç u r a c p d h n t a e r c fn r c h y d r o s t a t ic y

h in

u tm

A dv a

ïn

"

rre

ta g e s a

d

n

h yd r o d yn

to

d D is a d v

a n

a ń ıic

ta g e s

o

be

a r in

gs

fSı ı dı n g C

o n

ta

c

t B

ea rı n gu

S lid in g c o n ta c t b e a r in g c a n c a r r y la r g e lo a d s a s in th c c ł\# c o f s te a m t le s s to in s t a ll a n d r u n t h e s e b e a r in s iıt h i h e r ı o a ds a n d tw b in e s It m a y c o s g g i h h h i d e n s a r v h [ c s e a A e i i a s m b n t g p g c a r a c e r s t c s ( e c a u s e u l o il film ), spe e d s i l i d i li k e s te a m h a m m e r s a n d p o w e r p r e s s e s , n t a c b a e u s n s o c n a c p p th e i b k d I v r a t io n o c c u r a n n m a n y a p p lic a tio n s b o u n d a r y Iu b r ic a tc d w he r e s h o c

b e a r in g s

j

m a o r

c o st

le

pa

ss a s c o m

S ta r tin g fr ic tio d is a d v a n ta g e s

n

o

,

c o n

re

d

w

ith

ro

llin g

tin u o u s lu b r ic a tio

f s lid in g

co n

c o n n

a n

ta c t b e a r in g s

d

e c c e n tr ic o

p e r a tio

n

a rc

th c

ta c t b e a r in g s

8 1

Pr o bı em

fu ll jo u r n a l b e a r in g s u p p o r ts a r a d ia ılo a d o f 5 0 0 0 A ssu m e N T h e b e a r in g is 10 0 m m lo n g a n d th c s h a ft o p e r a te s a t 4 0 0 r p m l l d i c e a ra n ce o f iı a m e tr a t h ic k n e s s o f 0 0 2 5 m m a n d m p e r m is s ib le m in im u m ı 0 15 2 m m U s in g R a im o n d i a n d B o y d c u r v e s d e Į e r m in e (a ) v is c o s ity o f a su ita b le o il, (b ) c o e ffic ie n t o f fr ic tio n (c ) h e a t g e n e r a te d , (d ) a m o u n t o f o il i p u m p e d th r o u g h th e b e a r in g , (e ) a m o u n t o f e n d le a k a g e (a m o u n t o f o l to b e s u p p iie d to th e b e a r in g ) (ņ te m p e r a tu r e r is c o f th e o il n o w in g t h r o u g h th e , be M n g 1 T h e v a lu e f S o m m e r fe ld n u m b e r S c a n b e d e te r m in e d fr o m F ig 8 2 0 10 0

A

m

d ia

m

m

e

te

r

,

o

2h

C

C

2 X

o =

W

_

0 3289

S

=

P

=

0 15 2

o rre sp o n

d in g

0 0875

W FL D

(fo =

r

U D

=

5 0 0 0 /(1 0 0

1

P 10 0 )

ıd aı

×

Scanned by CamScanner

8 24 Z F

Z

$

1 50

=

H H "

q

F

L

'

H

=

g

5000

×

/S

m

=

4 4 57 2

=

0 0 1 12 9

0 1

T

' p c A t. / P

a

b le 8 1 , fo

r

S

m

3

/s

N ' / 10 0 0

-

36 X

100 ×

2 09

(4 0 0 / 6 0 1

1000

/S

m

by

in te r p o la ti o

n

3

10 6

n ı/ s

0 08 75 ,

=

S

0 5

×

x

O

u

m

n ı

s

)

f0

A t.

106(14 2 o =

PC ' 11 4 8 x P Tp C

-

10 5)

x

f o il, tl t2

ı te m

fin d S A E 2 0 h a s Z

3

14 × 10

=

14 2 X

_

1 0 5 N / m 2 °C

6 8 °C

-

(A

tl +

=

'

4 0 4 °C

=

tl + A to

-

p e r a tu r e (a v e r a g e ) c h a r t (P ig 8 2 6 ),

O iıftln

3/

6

10

×

0 0875,

=

in le t te ın p e r a t u r e tle t te m p e r a tu r e o f o il

s s u n ıe

e

rr D

-

11 29 X

=

in te r p o la tio n

(b y

1 1 48

=

Fro

=

tts

0 T 5 1 1 (b y h ıte r p o la tio n ) 6 _ 8 48 0 7 5 1 1 × 1 1 2 9 × 10

A

W

w a

d

-

(1 1 4 8

-

2 09

×

an

0 0 0 39 5

_

100

V

1

_

=

r

e n ıp e r a tu r e r is e o

T

08

2 6į

=

)

0 0 8 7 5 , L /D

=

8 1 T a b le fr o m b ta in e d 1) S = 0 0 8 7 5 a iıd L /D 3 x 6 6 7 × 0 1/ 4 0 1 5 2 x 10

×

r

S

(fo r

v a lu e

o

10 3

×

T a bı e 8 1 , fo

-

m

×

)

(r e q u ir e d

s

/ ł

-

4 1 28

-

is b le 4 4 5 7 2 (fo

-

ı T o 1ı

m

d

v a r ia

qs F

co

n

4 1 28 N

qs/q

th e

k g / ın

2 6

=

2 6 (C / D

e ffic ie n t, /ł -

0 00 395

-

.g

N ow 4 4q / D C N

te m

8 2 1 ), lt D /C

e r a te

t ge n

ea

_

6

(F ig

3

15 15 × 10

_

) F r ic tio

5

2

r o n ı c h a r ts

=

3

× 10

68 + 4

-

t. / 2 )

k g /n

ıs a

と

7 2 °C

=

68 +

(4 / 2 )

=

7 0 °C

° t 70 C

O il in le t te m p e r a trır e h a s to b e r e d u c e d to 6 6 °C s o th a t, o il film ° 1 5 × 1 {T 3 k g /m s (c lo s e to p e r a tm e b e c o m e s 6 8 C a n d S A E 2 0 h a s Z r e q u ir e d v a lu e ) S e le c tio n o f S A E 2 0 is n o w s a tis fa c to r y =

82

P ro bı em

d ia m e te r h a r d e n e d a n d g r o u n d s te e l jo u r n a l r o ta te s in a la th e tu r n e d s ta tio n a r y b r o Č e jo u r n a l b e a r in g rp m u n ifo m in le n g th T h e te n ıp e r a tu r e o f o ii is 6 5 °C D e te r n ıin e (a ) w h ic h is 5 0 m m m u a l c a iı c a r r y (b ) p o w e r lo s s in th e b e a r in g n ıČ in ıu n ı r a d ia ılo a d th a t th e jo lı 49 9 m m ıly a t 1 5 0 0

A

,

1

D ia iııe tr a l c le a r a

C

D

=

C /D 2

M in im

h

.

F ro

F w

iın ı o

z

C ,C

n ıT a

il film p

(r m

49 9

0 1

=

m n ı

0 002

=

: į

th ic lu ıe s s is g iv e sB

b le 8 3 ,

T a b le 8 4 ,

ro n ı

e c is io n

50

=

0 1 /5 0

=

n ce

+

C

rm -

p

rm s B

as

n

J)

s

4 5 , fo =

r

g r in d in g fın is h

O B /łm

an

d

m

ıs

s u r fa c e s

O il is

a ssu m

e

d to b e c l e a th e r e fo

re

C

c

-

J

=

0 4 lt n

ı,

fo r

m e

d iu m

1

Scanned by CamScanner

8 25 X 4 5 (n * + 0 4 ), h o Z 5 4 /łm hn Z 1 15p m - 0 0 1 5 m m T a ke h o

3

in irn

m

t he

2 h ,/(

ljp

«

A

4

(2

.

p

d

an

SA F 20

c aa u m

4

ı0

ı4 16

.

ó

N /

n a d W B e a r in g ı

6

,

/C pD

2 4

/ı -

7

,

Po w

2 4 fr o

=

er

ı o sĥ

b e r (fr o

n u m

F ig 8 2 0 ) is , S

m

.

×

10 3 k g l n

ıs a

(fo r

° t 65 C

2

0 05

=

F ig 8 2 1 , fo

1 / 50 )

17

=

0 075

=

(5 0 / 0 ı)2

×

L D P

=

m

(0

×

ld

(1 5 0 0 / W

Ťo

.

0 3

=

iıT h iĥ h a s Z

o

X

ı

p

m m e r fe

b le is ,

)

1 7

=

e ĥ s v a r ia

O o ls y o 1

X

d in g S o

r r c « p ų »n

c :o t

17 x 0 07 5

t h ic k n fiı m

um

S

r

×

0 05

×

1 4 16 × 10 6

0 0 7 5 , L /D

=

1

=

a n

d

354 0 N

.

P

36 0

=

°

0 0 0 48

=

w p ı

-

3540 X 3 9

=

0 0 0 48

×

=

66 3

tts

w a

83

em pr o b ı

th e f 2 5 k N D ia m e te r o th e o a d o n th c b e a r in g 1 3 ó 30 × 1ĺr i tic n u m b e r m m m , R p M = ı4 4 0 B e a r in g c h a r a c te r s 2 A v e r a g e a tn ıo s p h e r ic 0 7 to 1 4 N /m m ,c b e a r in g p r e s s u r e ' in g r e q u ir e m e n ts u s in g L ? c h e s PC h c o o ı t c l l t e a C u c a 0 3 te m p e r a tu r e ffic ie n t a tin g th e fr ic tio n c o e c u ı M c K e e s c q u a tio ıı fo r c a ı e q u a tio n U s e (T a b le 8 2 ) l u m p) if ı U D = 2 (a s s m c d fo r c e n t r u g a p

D

ita b ı c jo L a v a ila b le Č ta

e s ig n

￡ī

su

a

u rn a

l b e a r in g fo

r

a

ce n

tr ifu g a

l p u m p fr o

m

-

'

D

L

-

2

P

-

W IL D

×

B c u in 8 Z N /P

(z Z

× =

T a k e th c F ro m

Z ı

-

×

10

n u m

ıu n ı

×

0 08)

be

r,

5 3

o4) ı

×

=

A #

-

6

f th c

o

k g / ın s p e r a tu r e fin d S A E 4 0

a v e r a g e te m

0 8 8 26 w c 3 k 2 3 × 10 ßl m ,

s

at

-

D /C

.

×

2 10 4 N / m

o

/C

-

7$ C

)

10 0 0

a o o z + a 3 a6 .

f23

[

× 10

m ı

il to

7 51

(Z IV / P ) (D

0 00 Z + O

s s \lu c

10 3 5

3 o × 1o

C a lc u la te tł #

=

6

× 10

1440{103 2 l 56

16 0

=

r a c te r is tic

30

=

80

×

1 3 2 5 0 / (0 1 6

=

ha

c

2

-

-

x

x 1

l4 "

\

lx

ım o

=

o 0 12 4

Scanned by CamScanner

Ld d 8 26 .

H

3

eat

H

H

4

g

(A

AT

5 su

T

x

H

d

-

'

s e

p ro

x

q u a tio

n

fo

je c te d

0 4 8 4 fo

r

b e a r in g

(t.

1/ 2

H

<

<

g g e s te d H

o

.

)

o

f lig h t

c o n s tr u c

tio

n

m

a ss

o r n ıe

flo w

e r a te

ra

te

ti' '

b e tw

(9 9 0

d iu

n ı c o n s tr u c

m

76 9) =

o

=

m

.

x

tio

n

c m 2. in s till a ir °C 2 , m Av °

,

,

22 5 C °

lıv e n tila te d b e a r in g

d , p re ssu x

e

5

2

"d''"'"ūated

c

30 ) =

sp e c

te m p e r a tu r e r is e in th e = e e n in le t a n d o u tle t te m p e r a tu r e s ) ssu m

990 5 W

tr u

re

fe e d in g

ific h e a t

te m p t

A

=

f th e b e m in g in

a iıd w e

g

=

ea o

1 / 2 (7 5

=

ff th e h e a t g e n

H d

.

t

he avy

ssu m e

m

. ŁX

b

144 060

0 08 X

° 3 6 0 b e a r in g )

r

r

c a rry

o

tts

T3

=

d

w a

(1r

2

==

H

13 2 5 0 ×

x

T + 18 1

(L a s c h e

-

W /i ł

-

g

d is s ip a te d in

t

A

d, H

0 0 12 4

-

e a

e r a te

ge n

ı u bńcan t 6 °C

o

f

(te m

o

o

f th e lu b r ic a n t is il

(1 7 1 0

p e r a tu

re

J /k g °C ) x

d iffe r e n c e

1 7 10 x 6

0 086 5 kg/ s

Scanned by CamScanner

四

国

8 27

■

H ig h ı ig h ts iv ' tí 1 ) rr \ d e r n ıc ı 1 lh u b c ;t r in g w ilh

1

W

th e

In

/P

v s

fn

lr ic h

ıų

tw

im p

o

n

n

ffic ie n t Th e

c o e

t tr u

o

) r ta n

h a ft is

s

a ss u m

t p a ra m

ty p e s o f s lid in g c o n tm

m o n

6

c la sis ific a lio

n

o

f jo

7

c la s ĥ

ific a tio

n

o

f th r u s t b e

8

So o

m m e r fe

f

a

tır n a

b e r is

ld

n u m

al

aring

jo u r n

K n o w in g h u / C

,

l be

So

a r in

th r e e

are

d

iln

in lu b r ic a tio

e te r s

c

a r in

d im

a

m m e r fe

gs:

) fu ll jo

a

) s te p b e

a

e n s io n

ld

nu m

d to b e c o n c e n c

n

le

ss

f b e a r in g s

o

p h a s e s a ) B o u n d a r y lu h r ic F l id ) u (th ic k ĥ ı m ) lu h r ic a tio n

t b e a r in s : g

gs :

e

e

,

film in th e d ir e c tio n o f r o ta tio n a n d th e r e la tiv e C t)n v e r g in g b h e a r in g A re d t e t n w a o l i a m p o r ta n t c o n d itio n s jo u r n n a m ic p r e s s u r e in o il lu b r ic a te d b e a r in d d m y hy gs

5 com

9

fr ic tio

r

Th e r e P g ra p h film ) ı u b r ic a tio n

i H u id (!H in

b)Se m

4

,

are

ıï 1

'

w

rlı

d

' >N //

in n a ı

8

journal

u rn a a r in

n u m

an

d he

fń c tio

n

c o e

h ic h

th e

n ce

b e tw

d

th e

e e n

d e v e lo p

【 o

d th r u s t b e a r in s g

ar be g b ) c o lı w

u ir e

q

re

l b ) p a r tia l o R

be r

ber

an

v e lo c ity

i

at o n

a r in

u n ite s a

v

) c le a r a n

a

g

c

b ) fitte d

ce

) c o n ic a l h e a r in g

ll th e d e s ig n fa c to r s

is c o s ity

o

f th e

o

iı c

be

an

fo u n d IO

K

r e q u ir e m

l]

So

in g

nn w

M c ke e

s

11

r t ie s

B e a rı n g

iı r ın

be » ń n g R )

a n

fo

A đv

a n ta

T y ĺ ıe s

i

ffic ie

n

s h o rt

f be

n

a r in

b e a r in g s

f th e b e

o

s tr e n

g th 4 )

T in

b a b b iL

m

n

fo

n

te m

d th e fr ic ı io

D

1 U

<

p e r a tu r e

r a tio

«

c c s s ib le

film

zc m

be

rm

a

1 ) lo

w

lu b ń

o r

g

s

em

o

co e

sho u

,

an

d

R

o w

ffic ie n t in

ld b e

n p r o p e r tie s 2 ) b e d d a b ility

br o

m

is in fr e q u e

c a tio n

(p ı Č tic b e

a r in

gs )

are

n

L

brass ,

,

o

c

ho

a

se n

an

c o ııı p r e s s iv e

d

a

llo y s

ille

ss

d

T h e se be a ń p g s

u se

be

a r in

g s (p o

o

f

ro m

a re

f

s lid in s c o n ta c t b e a r in gs l y a r g e k ) a d s 2 ) 山 lm p in g c h a r a c te ń s tic s ta g e q : 1 ) S a n t l # m p p in s fr ic tio n 2 ) e c c e n tr k g

s

n

se

fr ic tio

b ih [y 5 )

le a d b a b b iL b ro w

a r in

ń

a r in 8

m a te r ia ls :

g

U D

t

lig h t ¡ o ad s

r

ge

o

p -n g

p e r a tio

3)co

n

n tin u o u s

re s : w e a r

he M ņ

n

il fıı m

gs

an

Je p

d

s e iz u r e

n

p re s s u re

d in

p on an e th e a r i n g

u

x le m

a

】 p re s s u

e

s o u rc e

(p u m p ) fo r

ı s t a r tin g o r s to p p in g fn c tjo ıı in th « ie b e « irıg s E v e n a t z e r o tb e ith lo a d c a n b e m a d e ı r h e e a r e w id e ly u s e d in h e a v ily traded f l n v h, g e łu irım e n ts h k e r o ta tin g a s tr o n o m ic a ı łe k s c o p e R p in d ł o f he d w ￠s to o ls Tu t w ta b le t ilı m a c b in e to o k ls E ￠c r o n in g ı ı ıiı

m

w

n \o

b in e

o

n

f la u u

T h e re is

m «

8 is in

d

H!OStativ

s o w

r

c an

Jo u r n a l

\

u

be

a n łı tin

W he re h e

d e v e lo ı 9

nd

o

a tc r ia ı s :

m

D is m lv a n lu b r ic ıt io

1a

q u ir e d

le a d

pp e r ,

\) ( i\n

17

re

g th 3 ) la tig u e

m ean t

l{i

n u m

n

P ro p e

co

15

ld

fo

ı } D > 1 g b e a r in g s th e a p p lic a tio a c c t ır d in g tn !o

» tr e n

4 ı

be

q u a tio n is iu ı a p p r o x im a te e q u a tio n to ĥ b e s t s u ite d fo r lig h tl lo a d e d b e i y ar n g

e

h e a r in g 12

rr u n e r fe

en t c a n

Scanned by CamScanner

9

R

.

o

u in g C

ta

o n

c

e a r in

t B

gs

' T h is is ti fr ic tio n b e a r in g s 9 ı B a ll a ııd r o u e r b e a r in g s a r e c a lle d a s a īı a i n g s m a in ı o w e n t in s u c h b e a r i s y e r l i s w i a i a f n s n t o c b r p e y i u s e c a r m s n o n ıe , g , d th e r a c e s ı s o r r o lle r s a ıı to r o u in g r e s is ta iıc e b e tw e e n th e b a ı lle r b e a r h ıg is lo w e r th a n th a t A t n ıo d e r a te s p e e d s fr ic tio n o f a b a ll o r r o A t M g h s p e e d s , p r o p e r ly d e s ig n e d a n d e n t jo u r n a ıb e a r in g e q u iv a ı o f an e q u iv a le n t b a ll o r r o ll er lu b ń c a te d o u r n a l b e a r in g h a s le s s fr ic tio n th a n a n '

.

.

,

j

(F ig 9 1 )

b e a r in g

l

Ë

~

le ı 9 Roı

O

S pe e d

M

92

a n

ta g e s

o

ıa f Ba ı

n

s ta r tin

g

1

F r ic tio

n

2

S h a ft

lig n

3

H

4

L

5

So

6

R

a

,

o

u

b r ic a tio n ıe

ty p

is

n

as w e

ll a s

t c a iı b e

s im

p le

e

e n

o

re

f b e a r in g s t is e a s y

e s o

f b e a r in g s

h a ft

s

―

m

m

ds

tıs in

g

Jo u

ove r

in g , is lo w ith g r e a te r

w

can

q u ir in g can

O F B E A R IN G S

be

v e ry

c a r ry

m

a i ıu

b o th fa a

ra

a

a

ıB

e a r in

a

accurac

y

w

ith o

u

gs

t M gh sp e e

pt

d

c a r r ie

little

m

ex ce

n n

de

a

―

F R IC T IO N

ı le r B e a r in g s

e a v y n ıo n ıe n ta r y o v e r lo a

p la c e m S e le a io n

7

n ıe n

d R

f

OF

SON COM pA R ı

9 1

F IG

o

t

ds

fa ilu r e

tte n tio n a x ia

d ia l a n d

u r e r s c a ta lo '

gu

e

l lo a d s

is

r e la tiv e

ly

s in ıp le

D is a d v

93

2 ï ır e

.

.

o st o

n

tin g is g e n e r a lly g r e a te r w

ith o

u

t

w a r n in

g

(fa tig u e

) N

3 9 4

ta g e s

f b e a r in g a i ıd th e n e c e s s a r y n ıo u F a ilu r e o f b e a r in g o c c w s s u d d e n ly

C

1

◆

a n

R

o

o is ie r

in

n o r n ıa

l o p e r a tio n

llin g F r ic tio n

e h e r e o f r a d iu s R r o llin g w ith o u t s lid in g o n a fı a t s u r fa c d i ı k ı a r e s is ta n c e d u e to th e v e r y s m a ll lo c a l d e fo n ııa tio n (a w ilıe x p e ń e n c e se h o o f r id g e s h o w ıı in F ig u r e 9 2 ); th is g iv e s r is e to th e fo r c e o f r e a c tio n F R w he ıe r o llin g e le n ıe n t If Ý is t liııe o f a c tio n p a s s e s th r o u g h th e c e n tr e C o f tı in g e le m e n t a n d P th e h o r iz o n ta ıfo r c e n e c e s s a r y to b a la iıc e w e ig h t o f th e r o lı n o r iz o n ta ] c o n ıp o n e n t F h o f F R , t h e w e h a v e th e i

A

w

heel o

r sp

Scanned by CamScanner

92 .

,WXW-

h,

T

.

°

bı e 9 1

V

,

e d l r o llin g o n a n n e a ı d h e d e n a r o n i lı n o l r g d s te e

ed i: n n e łıı -

a

s te e

a ı u es o

s te e

l

s te e

l

Rucf t y

b e tw

ce

een

an

d w

f lT R o oo4

o o o3

H a n ı» ' 1 b e a r in g s Baı b e a r in g s o ue r

R

, s ta n

0 0 0 12

0 0008

o n c o n c r e te s u r fa c e s

0 00 2

0 00 4

o o2

o o4

R

G Fı

93

96

F a c to r s W h ic h C

lliııg

tr ib u te to F r ic tio

o n

ON CT ı FR ı

R O L L IN G

9 2

n

in R

R

2

S lid in g b e tw

e en

th e

ro

llin g

e le m

3

s lid in g b e tw

een

th e

ro

u in 9

e le n ıe n

4

S lid iııg b e tw

een

th e r o lle

5

T h e lo

S tr e s s e s in

llin g C

o n

ta c t B

e a r in

gs

r e s is ta iıc e

1

o

o

sse s

B

du

e a r in

e

to

c

hu

em g Eı

rs a n

in n ı en

g

o

en

ts a ııd tlıe r a c e

ts

an

d th e

se

p a r a to

d th e g u id e H a 】ıg e s in

ro

r

(c a g e )

lle r b e a r in g s

f lu b r ic a n t

ts

f c e s a r e p r e s s e d to g e th e r , th e w u e n tw o b o d ie s h a v in g c u r v e d s u r a U g h c o ın p r e s s ıv e s tr e s s b o d iės d e fo t is d e v e lo p e d a n d a a 】ı a r e a o f c o n ta c m llin g b e a r h ıg th e s e (s u r fa t e s tr e s s /h e r tz ia n s tr e s s ) is h ıd u c e d In a lo a d e d r o a c h tim e a n ı e n ts A i ıd in th e r a c e w a y s e c o n ta c t s tr e s s e s o c c u r in r o llin g e e m i n (F ig 9 3 ) T h e lo a d d e c r e a s e s e le n ıe n t r ll i o a d a p p lic a t o o s n to th e a r e a o f ı

Scanned by CamScanner

93

:

ls tr ib u t io

F ıG

9

n

3

S u r fa c e e n d u r a ıı«x lin ıit is th e n ıa x iın u n ı s tr e s s a t b e r o f s tr e s s c y c le s d o e s ııo t c a u s e p ittin g T h e ı n m \ e iıd u r a iı«x lim it is o b t a in e d e x p e r in ıe n ta lly S N D ia g r a m fo r A n ti fr ic tio n B e a r in g s B y s u b je c tin g a la r g e g r o u p o f b e a r in g s o f s a m e d iffe r e n t lo a d s a iıd c o u ııtin g th e n u m b e r o f c y c ı e s fo r fa ilu F i 9 d 4 be pı t t o e ( g )

w n

h ic h s u ffic ie n tı y ıa g n itu d e o f t

9 7

s iz e re

,

d a ıı

d e s ig n to S N d ia g r a n ıc a 】ı

桃 园 区 卜 ın

t3

tn

cn

卫

8 山g N N U M B ER O F S TRE SS C YC LE S TO F A IL U R E

F ıG

A N

9 4

S

N

Dı A G R A M

FO R

A N T ıF R IC T IO N

B E A R ıN G S

置a d ia ı迅a lıB

9月 s in

8s

ı th e ó e b e a r in g s b o th n l ıu ta n e o u s ly (ffig 9 5 )

M

9 9 .

a

e a r in

)E

e

ccen

tı ıo d tr ic

o

fA

s s e rm

ra

d ia l

an

d

th r u s t lo a d s

n ıa

y be

c a r r ie d

bı y

dispent

m e th o

d

T h e in n e r r a c e is p la c e d e c c e n tr ic w ith tlıe o u te r r a c e a n d th e b a lls a f e in s e r te d in th e c r e s c e n t s h a p e d s p a c e (F ig 9 6 a ) T h e b a lls a r e th e n e v e n ly s p a c e d a s th e r a c e s a r e b r o u g h t in to c o n c e n tr ic p o s itio n T h e h a lv e s o f th e h l b d t e n asse m e s o th a t th e p itc h d is ta iıc e b e tw e e n th e b a lls w ill r e ta in e r a r e b c m a in ta in e d c o n s ta ııt J l

iııto

a

T h is n ıe th o d b e a r in g

r e s tr ic ts

th e to ta

ln

um

be r

o

f b a lls th a t

can

be

a sse m

b le d

Scanned by CamScanner

: 9 4

:

o cıd «o ) R a d ia l ı

4

F ı G

b) F ilin g

n o

t th

m

e

th

o

9 S

(b ) T h

ru s

t lo a d

RA Dı A L A N D T H R U S T LO A D S O N B A L L B E A R ıN G S

d

b e r a n d s iz e d c a ıT y iııg c a p a c ity o f a b e a r in g is a fu n c ū o n o f th e n u n ı llin g e le n ıe n ts B y e m p lo y iııg a fillin g n o tc h in e a c h o f th e r a c e s o f th e r o i (Ħg 9 6 b ), n ıo r e n u ıııb e r o f b a lls c a ııb e in s e r te ā to in c r e a s e th e lo a d c a r r y ııg c a p a c ity L

o a

Į

:

F ı G

9 6

a

:

Ī

E C C E N 了R IC

:ı

'

:

s P L A CE M E N T Dı

M ETHO D

t

in to th e

Scanned by CamScanner

9 5

Fı G 9 6 b

Fı L L IN G

N O TC H B A R IN G

BA LL

9 ı0 .

are

TPes

f R

dı ıB e a r t叫声 a l Baı T h e s in g le r o rw ty p e is th e n ıo s t s h o w n in F lg 9 7 o

T VP E

O F R A D IA L

a

in in « h ıó tr ia l u s e O th e r t yp e s

c o ııtm o n

回

(N

(￠)

回

m

«o ) S ir ıg l*

Se p r e c is e 9 Iı .

v e r tic a

a

w

li\

cn

(b » D o u b ıtp

ro w

(d ) S * łl

ig n fn o ı

Fı G 9 7

TYP E S

t ìs

b e a r in g n o

T hn u ı t B e ır ı \

t o

i

(f w

9 7 d &

i.

勰

BAU

e

in th c

) a rc

B E A R IN G S

u ıe

c a se o

d in

la《em

(W

W n t « e h e a v y a x iıl ı o a ds l s h a fw b a ll th r u s t b c a r i n

are

ss

«o ) S in g h d iı« a io n R G

o ı ı g n in g

OF RA Dı AL

Ěta il f

(c ) S h ld d e d

n »w

(e ) S ııf

g

ı4

，

W

to

bc

a re u se

in

d

tı l* D L

aı

p p lic a tio bı y of

a

e u

b*

w o rn ı

】 s w ı

h e rc

d r iv e ı a r d

dł n ıc tı on

tH R u s T B E A R IN G S

燕舞燕舞贓

Scanned by CamScanner

后园团团

G 9 9 Fı

9 ı3 .

.

N

ee

R A D IA L

d le

R

o

u

er

R O LLE R

B

N UT

O U TE R RAC E S E PA R A B LE

e a r in

NG BEARı

F ı G

9 10

g (F ig 9 1 1 )

T h e s e a r e r o u e r b e a r in g s in w h ic h th e r o u e r s a r e s n ıa ll iıı d ia n ıe te r , r e la tiv e ly lo n g a iıd s le n d e r T h e y r u n w ith o u t r e ta in e r s In o n e ty p e , r o lle r s o r n e e d le s r u n d ir e c tl o n th e h a r d e n e d a iıd g r o u n d s h a ft, s a v in g r a d ia l s p a c e , y N e e d le r o lle r b e a r in s fn ıd a g p p lic a tio n s in te x tile n ıa c h in e r y , p r in tin g m a c h in e s a n d u n iv e r s a l c o u p lin g s In g e n e r a l th e s e a r e m e d w h e r e s p a c e in th e

ra

d ia l d ir e c tio

n

is lim ite d

Ħ

W IT H O U T

F IG

N N E R A N D O U T E R R AC E S (b ) W ıT H ı

ı N N E R RA CE

9 11

N E E D LE

o r

Q U IL L

NG S BEA R ı

Scanned by CamScanner P

Scanned by CamScanner

□=

BACK

t

R O LLE R

TA P ER ED

9 13

G Fı

=

Th

F IG

N A ı

M O U N T IN G

BA CK

TO

B E A R IN G S

ru s

t ı o o d

N A ı T A P E R E D R O L L E R B E A R IN G S FA C E F R O N T T O F R O N T (F A C E

9 14

)

N G M O U NTı

1l k

L

C

VX

一

L V

YF .

+

tà tio

=

1 fo r

=

1 2 fo

_

re

fa c to

n

F

,

.

(9 1 )

・t

im r

r

ıe r r a c e

o u

te

r race

q u ir e d life in

m

ro

ta tio

ro

d ia l lo

=

ra

=

a x ia

l lo

a

a

d

d

o n

o n

n

ta tio n

illio

n s o

fo

F

・

)

10

ro

L

F ,

r

f

rev o

90 %

lu tio

n s

s u r v iv a

l)

b e a r iııg b e a r in g

Scanned by CamScanner

(a ) S in g le r o b e a r in g F IG

k

S

ce

to f a

o u n

tin g

B

ce

m o u n

C O N TA C T

A N GU LAR

1 1

fa c to

1 5 fo

n

,

P is k n

k

Ta

n

d

e m

m o u n

tin g

NG S BEA R ı

r

r ro

ta r y m a c

h in

1 9 fo

e s w

ith

n o

Ľ

=

ow n

l a s

im p a c t

r re c

,

=

(d ) c

t in g

ip r o c a tin g m a c h in e s 1 6 4 fo r im p a c t lo a d s p o w e r h a m (V X P r + Y P a ) S K t 1ノk L 1 3

T he

(c ) k b bo

r

s e r v ic e

=

If P

a c

b a ll b e a r in g s le r b e a r h ıg s 1 0 /3 fo r r o ı te m p e r a tu r e fa c to r

=

t

m

9 15

3 fo

=

K

(b ) Fa

w

m

e rs,

p re sse

s e

tc

ľ

th e e q u iv a le

n

t lo a

d

L o a d R a tin g s 9 17 S ta tic lo a d r a t in g e a r in g s a r e r e q u ir e d t o c a r r y lo a d s w h ile a t r e s t a n d w h ile r o ta tin g d a w ith n o r o ta tio n is k n o w n a s th e s ta tic lo a d T h e s t a tic lo a d r a tin g , C o is d e fin e d a s th a t s ta tic r a d ia l lo a d w h ic h c o r r e s p o n d s to a to ta l p e r m a n e n t d e fo r m a tio n o f b a ll a n d r a c e to 0 0 0 0 1 o f th e b a ll d ia m e te r T h e is lis te d ilım a n u fa c tu r e r ' s c a ta lo g u e s v a lu e o f C

B

T h e lo t

o

D yn

a m

ic lo

a

d

ra

tin g

llin g e le m e n t b e a r in g s o p e r a te a t s u c h h ig h s tr e s s le v e ls th a t th e y h a v e n o e n d u r a n c e lim it in th e u s u a ıs e n s e In o th e r w o r d s b a ll a n d r o lle r b e a r in g s h a v e fin ite s e r v ic e life a n d it is r e q u ir e d to d e te r m in e th e lo a d w n e n a la r g e n u m b e r o f id e n tic a l c o r r e s p o n d in g to th e d e s ir e d s e r v ic e life n be n g s a r e te s te d fo r th e s a m e lo a d , th e fa ilu r e c u r v e is o b ta in e d a s s h o w 0 1 K n r r g u r e y ıo m P o in t A r e p r e s e n ts a v e r a g e life o f th e e n tir e g r o u p P o in t B r e p r e s e n ts s 1 0 % o f th e b e a r in g s te s te d h a v e life tw ic e th a t o f a v e r a g e P o in t C r e p r e s e n t s t 9 0 % o f th e b e a r i n g s te s te d h a v e life a b o u t 1 /5 o f th a t o f a v e r a g e It r e p r e s e n t as th a t 9 0 % o f th e b e a r in g s h a v e a m in im u in life o f N c y c le s , w h ic h is k n o v n th e r a tin g life (L to - life o r m in im u m life ) 6 T h e lo a d th a t a g iv e n typ e a ııd s iz e o f b e a r in g c a iı c a r r y fo r 10 le d th e b a s ic d y n a n ıic lo a d r a tin g, r e v o lu tio n s w ith 1 0 p e r c e n t fa ilu r e s , is c a ı R

o

ï

Scanned by CamScanner

9 10

r

Soïn e d a e e d a tı

CU RVE

9 16

G Fı

fa a L i n c e r ta a lIıu ıi ı

w

rs

1o

life

sp e c

un

d im ıc a ı

g ￡o

fo u n d e x p e r in ĺ d if e r e n t lo a d s P 1 th e relatio

ıe n

a n

\

L IF E

ra

tin

g

E X P E C TA N C Y

o n

th e

b a s is

o

f

a

c e r ta

hı

ı ife

ta lly tlıa t tw o g r o u p s o f id e n tic a l b e a r in g s d P 2 w iu h a v e r e s p e c tiv e liv e s L r a n d L 2

°

Ī w

der

iljr tlıe lo a d

o r a ıı a v e r

lt h a s n

«d

O F B E A R IN G

(9

-

he re

k

=

3 fo

k

=

1 0 /3

r

4

b a ll b e a ń n g ş

fo

r

ro

lle r b e

a r in

gs

U s in g E q ï ıa ū o n 9 4 , k n o w in g tlıe v a lu e o f C fo r 1 m illio n r e v o lu tio n s &t m th e c a ta ı o g u e t h e r a th ıg life o f t h e b e a r in g s u b je c t e d t o a n y o th e r lo a d P c n ıb e c a k u la te d T h is is g iv e n a s E q u a t io n 9 3 ,

Eqrı imleı t

?

R

a

d ia l ııo a

￠P

m r a d ia l ı o a ￠ it is c o ııv e n ie n t to d e fin e a n e q u iv a le n t r a d ia l lo a d P a s g iv e n hy E q u a tio n 9 2 th a t w ill h a v e th e s a n ıe e fle c t o n b e a r in g life a s d o th e a c tu a l d 睦 \

B e a r in g s lo a d s m a y b e e ith e r c o n s t a ııt o r b e a c c o m p a n ie d b y s h o c k a ııd e ith e r th e in n e r o r o u te r r in g n ıa y r o ta te ; th e te m p e r a tu r e m a y b e e le v a te d o r b e lo w th e n o m in a l v a lu e A ll th e s e fa c to r s a ffe c t tlıe b e a r in g s a i ıd s h o u ld b e ta k e n in to a c c o u n t in s e le c tin g th e

acıs W w

. ıu a

u

Scanned by CamScanner

9 Iı T h c r c fo

rc

,

F,

c a lc u ı a tio n s a r e m a

d a iı

Y

0 V

=

a lu e s

(a p p lie d ) S (a p p lie d )

Fa

he n

w

de

as

,

ıly a r a w e re o ı

De pe n d

f c g iv e n in T a b le 9

o

d Y fa c to r s d e p e n d u p o n n c te r o f b a lls a n d b a u d ia ı x

if th e r e

e

an

u

d ia l lo a d i e

po

D

ee

X

p g ro

E I 8 16 0 6 0

o ve

,

.

ı

n

O 025

=

0 04

=

0 07

=

o ı3

=

0 25

=

0 5

72 B G

ı ba ı

73 B G

b e a r in 8

,

,

,

73 B 73 B G

73 B G

・

"

@ 133 T ıp c r m lı c r

3 2 2 0 6 20 8

ring

24 3 0

09 2 2

*

p a ir

A

* *

A

e

X

Y

Fı

Fr

tio

ļ

T he

C

d iııg th e

um

be r

> c

Y

,

.

72 B

ar gu ı

c o n ta c t

F

s

ra

.

6 2 ,6 3 , 6 4 , R ıS , R M S

ba ı l b e a r in g

A

Ę

a ) (S ı

S e r ie s

f b e a r in g

o

th e

th c g e o m e tr y o f b e a r in g in c lu

Load i T a bı e 9 2 E q u iv a le n t B e a r n g T yp e

n

X

o

p a ir

f b c a r iııg s o

f b e a r in g s

0

0 35

0 57

1 14

1

0

0 35

0 57

1 14

1

05 5

0 57

0 93

1 14

1

0 73

0 62

1 17

0 86

1 6

0 37

1 45

0 41

1 35

0 44

0

te d in tm

m o u n te

0 44

ı

1

n ıo m

10

0 4

den ı

d b a c k to b a c k

or

fa c e to fa c e

T c ın p e r a tu r e fa c to r K t is in tr o d u c e d fo r b e a r in g s o f o r d in a r y b e a r in g l It is a b e tte r p r a c tic e s te e s , th a t w o r k a t te n ıp e r a tıır e s g r e a te r tlıa n lo o p C m d e r s u c lı c o n d itio n s to e n ıp lo y b e a r in g s n ıa d e o f h e a t r e s is ta n t s te e ls

T « b le 9 3

9 19

.

° t, C

12 5

ı5 0

2 00

K

1 05

1 1

1 25

lly G R e u a b lı

t

n a te r

T ha

ı9 0 % ı

i aŁ T he be a r\ e c te d fr o rı ı ta b ı se ı e s h a v e 1 o % fa ilu r e s , o r 9 o % s u r v v T h e r e lia b ility o f a n y o a e b e a r in g is 0 9 o r 9 0 p e r c e ııt H a n a c h i)ıe is ia b ility o f a ll th e b e a r in g s itı the th e r e ı a s s e ıııb le d w ith s ix s u c lı b c a s s c n ıb ly is R 6

-

(0 9 )6

=

0 53 1

Scanned by CamScanner r

9 12 e n tir e h a v in g

be

m

b ly i8 m u c h r e d u c e d lia b ih tiį s r e a te r th a n 9 0 % g

a sse m re

d

e

H

e n ce

a n

d fo

r

(9 5 ) e a r ın

SVaı p

g in

illio

m

n

re v o

lu tio

n s w

ith p r o b a b ih iy

o

f

,

s u r v iv a

P 10 b =

b

o

f

s e le c te

l f

o

s u r v iv a

r a

m

e

d ia iı life

1 3 4 fo

r a

m e

d ia ıı b fc

=

r

a r la

V

a

-

th e g iv e n

r

lo

a

d

,

fo

r

90 %

-

5 L 1o 4 08 L ro

d in g

tio n in w h ic h m a g n it u

s itu a

F o r th e

bı e ı,o

d b e a r in ß fo

l

1 1 7 fo

D e s ig n fo

91 0

d life

ili p r o b a b ty 0 9 =

-

p

a te cu ı c aı

-

o

de

o

f th e ı o ad u ı a,

v a r ie s w

ith t im

e

,

cu

b ic

l

P.

F 13 n l -

n

lł 1ı2

D

eaı w

92 1

(9 6 )

a re

,

a

t to

ıı o

f B

r e tQ r a

S e ń e s 2 0 0 fo

r

S e r ie s 3 0 0 fo

r m

S e r ie s 40 0 fo

r

dlı met dlı met npłe

B

B e a r in

.

e

g M

N a

d iu

he

a v

ts

de

\

c a r iı ı g

d in g

re v o

lu tio

n s

lig h t d u tie s ı ig h t d u tie s

d ig j it*

t" tww oo

c o r r e s ĺ x »n

e a r iııs p

S e r ie s 1 0 0 fo

L a s t th r e e

90

m

o

d u tie s

m

y d u tie n o

o4

s

te t b e s e ń c s

onwar

6 205

he n

w

L ig h t d u ty

w

ı ie d b y 5 g iv e tip ı

m u

ith b o

re

d ia

m

e

te

r

2 5m

th e

bo

re

n ı

t e r ia ı s

蓑 eŁ .

T he

s e p a r ıto r ,

n

s p a Æn

luli

酝

s

a

s ta m

p h ıg

o

f lo

w

c a r

F a a ıır e

Sa ıa 吖

i

o r r e ta in e r

w

蕴

r

g

o

f th e o o a c t S

o

f tı ıe

o r

s w

ro

u in g

'

,

o

f

m c

t ıl e

o ı«

r

d le a v e p its

T h is

Scanned by CamScanner

9 ß

d u e to in s u ffic i is u r fa c e s ent b ) A b r a s iv e w e a r o f th e n ıb b iııg s f t re qu e n t ca u o s l m e i ı t i s h T s se o f d ir t a r ıd d u s t i p r o te c ū o n a g a in s t n g r e s s o i u ltu r a l n ıa c h in e s m in j c r s t o c r t a \ , ng fa i lu r e o f b e a r in g s tıs e d in v e h ic le s i n g a p p r o p r ia te s e a ls b s u m i n i m i y n ıa c h in e r y e tc T h is c a iı b e d u e to im b r in e llin g ) o c c m p a ct In d e n t in g o f th e w o r k in g s u r fa c e s ( c ) i i s n d s ig JJ l fic a n t n t I i e ı ı n t o g t a o r t h in lo a d s a ııd h e a v y s ta tic lo a d s w it o ıı t i t ı ı ı ı a a e s o n h u i v s a e ın p a c t b e a e d to y tr a ııs p o r t m a c h in e r y w h ic h m a y b e s u j i h u t r o ta tio n ı o a d s a i ıd s u b s ta n tia l lo a d s w t o to in a d e q u a te lu b r ic a tio n d d ) S c o r iıg o f th e w o r k iııg s u r fa c e s is u e b ly ffi ie n t c ie a r a ııc e s le ft in th e c o u r s e o f a s s e m d i ,

,

a ıı

c

n su

) SUbjeted e

B to

d o w ıı o f th e r a a in e r s e c e n tr iń rg d fo r c ĉ a p p r e c ia b ı

re a

k

o c cu r s

an

in

h ig h

d p re ss u

re

sp e e ,

d

e x e r te

bear

d b y tili

llin g e le n ıe n ts ı M o a d iıı 9 24 g ro

i io n e q u ip n ıe n ts ın u s t e s in ın a c h in e to o ls a iıd p r e c s S h a fts o r s p h ıd ı i in e ith e r th e r a d a l o r a x ia l d ir e a io n s w ith o u t p la y o r c le a r a ııc e r o ta t e o f p r e lo a d in g is p r e lo a d in g o f b e a r in g s h e lp to a c h ie v e th is O rıe w a y e x p la in e d h e r e

F IG

9 17

M ETH O D

IN

?

FDR

O B T A IN IN G

N G P R E LO A D ı

し B E A R IN G S

f b e a r in g s a t A in F ig 9 1 7 a th iï ıs h im w a s h e r W De n is in tr o d u c e d s o th a t a c le a r a iıc e a p p e a r s b e tw e e n th e iıın e r r a c e s a t B o ve ls w ill b e d is p ı a c e d in th e r a c e s to r e m th e im ıe r r a c e s a r e tig h te n e ￠ th e b a ı u st tiıe b e a r in g s T h e th id cııe s s o f th e w a s h e r s h o u ld b e j a ll lo o s e n e s s fr o m re b u t n o t s o m u c h a s to in d u c e e x c e s s iv e n e s s ıı e n o 彆 h to r e m o v e th e p la y , be T h e b e a r in g a t th e o th e r e ııd o f th e s h a ħ m its t o r b in d in g o f th e b a lls d i ly ıe ld r g i T h a it Ķ b e a r in g is n o t ı a iT a n g e d fo r fr e e Č ia l m e n t o a id t b e tw e e n a s h o u ld e r a n d m v e r a s in th e c a s e o f R H b e a r in g s a ııd it is s b e a r irıg h a v e a flo a tin g s u p p o r t H o w e v e r , th e fit b e tĦre e n th e o u te r r a c e o f th e l d ic ta te d b y th e r e q u ir e m e n t o f b e a r iıtg h o u s in g a s s e n ıb y a n d h o u s in g is a s B

e tw e e n

th e

o u

te r

races o

,

Scanned by CamScanner

ı bb

a 9 14

do u

T o w h a t e x te n t th e lo a d ife ? c te d ı ble th e e x p e Let P 2

￡

211 r-

N

ıd aı

is th e

1

b e th e r ig in a l life

N o

'

L

o a

d is to b e

o

re

du

ce

f th e b e a r in g lo a d p

e a r lie r

d

so

w

as

to

he re N

2

1

9 4

'"

Ť 0 7937 P

life

d in g to th e

by E qn

.

=

a ııd n e w

c o rre s o n p

3

=

-

b a ll b e a r in is to b e g

a

lo a d

n ew

2

k

P .2

o n

? [Ą

;

-

' 793 7

_

1 re

du

d by 20 63 p e r c e n t

ce

92

P r o b le m

A b a ll b e a r in g is s u b je c te d to a r a d ia l lo a d T h e im ıe r r in g r o ta t e s a t 1 0 0 0 r m o f 5 kN T he p

ho u r s W U a t b a s ic lo p u r p o s e ? T a k e F /C .

R

a

tin g life

T h e r e fo

re

ie B a s ic ı o ad

ra

,

i.

,

tin g

ra

m

1ıs t

be

u se

d to

f 10 k N a ve ra s e le c

ge t a

0 5

life fo

th is

L

,

d

-

.

in

,

a

o

r

90 %

p r o b le n

l is

s u r v iv a

ı,

th e

ra

ţ

50 0 0

10 00 × 6 0 x

-

10 0 0 × 6 0 × 1 0 0 0

-

_

5

th r u

lo

a d life is to b e 5 0 0 0 b e a r in g fo r th is

th o f th e a v e r a g e life

ife tin g ı

=

a i ıd a

st

(F ig

1o o o h o

9 16 )

u rs

R pM =

60

×

10

6

r e v o lu

tio

n s

tin B 1/ k

C

.

p

P C

L

d s to

c o rr e sp o n

d s to th e

1o

k P V

(V

.

-

-

1

_

3

X F

1 fo

T

,

m

+

in

r

;

fo

r

life

o

fL

tin g life

o

fL

th e r a tin g

co ı T e sp o n

L

=

ra

60

1o

ın r

b a ll b e a r in g by E qn

Y F a )S

i g

ııe r r n

T o g e t X a ııd Y w , F . 50 0 0 0 5

e o

ro

ta tio

9 2

n

b ta in th e

ra

tio

Scanned by CamScanner

\ ņ ł

(

X

tl Y

U

-

\ı

1 lım

T

n

*

hı p Ų ı

o

pc

R

lia h iı lıy

o

r a tc t l

h a ıl* th e

rc « n ı W

m can »

f ıh l* b c a r im ł! ity o l * u r v lv u ı h a b lı

life

p ru

'

n

I' a k c b

.

(E q n IL1 I

I

,

ifc l In ı

tł ı

n rp

r u

r v iv a

ıo

r

s u r v iv a

lu

r

￠r u ,

o t#

,

l ł! ıļ " , l

lf￠ a l p r {\ h u b illıy n l » u r v iv a ı p w ı iıy t »f * u r v iv a l p 1u ilc łıl p r t ıh u h iı ı ,

,

9 5) ,

O q ￠) »

0 9

O 13 4 2

.

k P r o b le m

l t)9

ı17

9 4

lu

=

1 1 4 ı2 h u

u ra

(r a te d life )

.

h a ll h e a r ln 吕 ia k ) h c u * c d fo r * » h a ft w h o * c n c d i6 4 0 0 r p m T h c th c h e ł r a d ił T hc ıl ı o a d tm ır in g i\ 4 0 0 0 N a n d ıh c a x ia l lo a d ia a ı a n 4 (X X )N r ı b c ałr in t iti tt \ h a v t a life t ) r I«X X X ) h o u r h a l a r c ı ) ia ı 5 l t iliı D i # c ı c r m n c th c y (\ ł d y n a m ıc c łıp a c iıy n l th c h c a r in p T a k e b - ıM A lm ) a s & u m c F / C . . - 0 5 A

,

.

A

th e

s

n r#l

cp *ı

s w v iv a l h c c a u « e d w s u r v iv a l fo r I m r ,

,

a m

w c

ic

hi v e

h la in ıh c r ııin R ı ifc o r life fo r W W o c ・p a c ity B iv c n in ıh c c a t a lo g u c » iu c fo r 9 0 % ı o

n

r I(X X X ) h o u r s i* r e q u ir e d a ı a ia b ility w ill b c g r e a te r b re ı al N

Lil b c ・r iw

t}

rc

lia b iı iıy

o

f 9 5 ą b L ife

o

(E q n y P ,

;

ıo .

Uo

lik

-

i? =

=

l th is

rl

t

-

at

09

-

,

"

u rs

OP ı

-

r e vo

17 1 2 9

h d io a *

' "

å

.

17 12 9 h o ×

O q5

ity p ıo p r u b ıb iı

[\ 4 11

-

9 5)

× -

60

=

×

o 58 38

4 00

4 1ım

Scanned by CamScanner

W

F.

. .

1

0 4 4 fo

r

0 5,

=

w e

ge t

F

X

=

0 56

V

=

1 fo

a i ıd

in

r

Y

1 fo

=

n e r ra c e

ro

r

=

(1

k

=

C

0 56

×

3 fo

p

=

fr o

T

m

a

b le 9 2

e

d

6 864 N

=

1/ 3

]

=

,

4000) 1 1

lx

b a ll b e a r in g s 1/ k

r

e

a s su m

4000 +

×

>

ta tio n

1 1 is ď o r S S e r v ic e fa + Y F )S . P = (V X F , -

i

×

6 86 4

se

5 10 3 3 N

n 93 eı pr o b ı T h e r a d ia l r e a c tio n o n a b e a r in g is 图瓦旧 N It a ls o c a r r ie s a th r u s t o f f d i n ıe te r is 1 4 0 m m a n d it r o ta te s a t 1 7 0 0 r p m O u te r r in g 5000 N T h e s h a t a i th , 8 h o u r s /d a y fo r a life o f 1 7 0 0 0 h o u r s is s ta tio n a r y L o a d s s m o o b a ll b e a r in g a ) S e le d a d e e p g r o o v e

b ) W iıa t is th e

r a te

life

d 90%

o

f th e

d b e a r in g ? b a b ility o f th e s e le c te d b e a r in g

s e le c te

1 3 4 c o m p u te th e p r o For b su r v iv in g 1 7 0 0 0 h o u r s l a ) R e fe r r in g t o th e b e a r in g c a ta o g u e w ith n u m b e r 6 0 2 8 c

)

=

B c a r ln 吕n u

m

be

B

r

9 000 0

e

p r o p o r tio

N

o w

,

w e

d i= m

e tc r , m m

s e le c t te n t a tiv e

w e

B

a s ic

C a p a c ity

ly , b e

a r in

g

,

S ta tic C o

U

y

F

'" '"

0 0 55

.

q

e o ı

,

n a

l to F . / C

ñ n d th e

b y in te r p o la tio

n

,

v a lu e

fr o

m

o

F

.

f

th e

e

proportio

v a lu e s a v a

to

ı_

o o55

,

iı e in T a b le 9 2 abı

Scanned by CamScanner

0 2 55 , W ltin g T a b le 9 2 fo r e 24 b e tw e e n 1 8 a 】ıd 1 6 fo r v a lu e s o f e , 0 in te r p o la tio n w e o b ta in th e v a lu e ó f Y a s 1 7 C

T he re

0 10 3

1 8

=

-

1 697

=

,

0 56

=

re sp e c

Y li eg y B y

tiv e l

0 10 3

0 24 ) =

255

(0

×

(V X F , + Y F a ) S (l x 0 5 6 × 80 00

=

b ta in X 0 27 ıd aı o

e

,

0 24) fo r e Y

(0 2 7 P

-

o n su

1 7

=

1 7 × 500 0 ) 1 1

+

14 2 7 8 N

-

V

1 fo

=

S

1 1

=

r

in

(a s s u m

d fo

e

L 10 - 1 m r L = 17 0 0 0 × 6 0

th lo a

r sm o o

1700 x

10

k

ta tio n

n e r ra c e ro

173 4

=

6

m

d in g )

r

3 fo r b a ll b e a r in g s

=

1/ 3

C B

b e a r in

R

14 2 7 8

=

g 6028 d o

e a r in

es n o t

5000

C

0 56

(1

=

an

=

(

H

s e le c

o o 2 23 ,

.

d 2

re sp e c

0 56

X

17 3 4

T h.

b e a r in g

2 2 40 0 0

o

v a lu e s a r e

P

h a v e th e

re

q u ir e d d y n

ic

a m

p a c ity N

ca

ow

w e

,

tr y

6328 -

C

17 1 5 3 4 1 N

=

c o rr e sp o n

tiv

e

×

8000

x

15 9 2 8

n

ta k e

n

as

o 22 x

an

d Y

2 × 50 00 ) x

+

1 1

=

15 , 9 2 8 N

1/ 3

l

19 1 ,3 57 N

=

p a c ity o f th . is s a tis fa c to r y

t

PH

e c a ııb e

ly

. ca

tio

d in g

s e le c t.

d be

a r in

Z

,

H

g 6 3 2 8 is 2 00 , 0 0 0 N

e h H ıx .

Re

e n ce,

q u ir e d

lk

W

io n aı c u s e tJıe r e ı

C

{ L \]

[ l L ro j

=

P

L

Put C

2 0 0 ,0 0 0 N

=

,

th e a c l u d

d yn

a .

Ic

ca

p a c ity

0 3

2 oo m o

l1l

=

,

T h c r c fo

Ł

"

"

1 9 7 9 73 x 1 o P

'

rc

,

1 9

73

m r

=

1 7 00

×

60

h e b e a r in g w jjj h a v e a life o f 19 40 9 h o u r s w j th e ) 9 If ? e b fe is o d y 170 0 0 b o ıłr s , it w iu h a v e a g r e a te .

:

)T

-

1 9 4 0 9 10 8

proıtaħy .o

bab\

o u

f

\

f sm

nn w

a

Scanned by CamScanner

(E

P

0 9 1 5 P r o b a b ilit y

-

,

f su

o

r v iv a

pr o b le m 9 6

l fo r 1 7 0 0 0 h o

qn

9 5

u rs

.

1 b e a r in g S K F 6 2 0 7 p gr o o v e b a ı c a r r ie s a c o m b i n e d lo a d o f 1 8 0 0 N d 12 00 N a x ia lly a t 12 0 0 r m T h l ra dia ly a n e o u te r r in p r t o a te s a n d th e b e a r in g g is s u b je c te d to m o d e r a te s h o c k F in d th e a v e r a e e x p e c te d life o f th e s e g h be a f in g s in o u r s D

ee

R

e fe r r in

C

g to b e a r in g 13 7 0 0 N

-

o

B e a r in g

be

nu m

B

r

o re

SK F 6 207

W Y

_

r

e ta k e

c u ıb c o

Y

0 66 7 ;

b ta in e d Y

X

-

V

=

P

=

'

L

=

1 2 fo

\

Y F

+

lie s b e tw

e

d 0 3 1 (fr o

a n

e en

n ı T a b le

9 2)

e

b le

v a lu e

e en

1 6

(o r b y in te r p o la tio n 1 4 )

,

e

a ııd

he

s lıo c

k

n c e

a ııd

ta tio n

S

=

2 fo

o

r m

d e r a te

)S 1 5

+

×

12 0 0 )2

=

6 0 19 2 N

ľ

1/ 3 ×

=

68 \Q

×

iた ł

a

ro

× 18 0 0

0 56

ー

=

6 0 19 ,

L

509 5 h o

u rs

=

ra

tin g life fo

r

90%

s u r v iv a

l a

į =

12 0 0 x 6 0 ver

20000 N

r

ń iıg

r o u te r

l

3tó 8 1

A

.

C

13 7 0 0 N

1ノk

L

36

F

ill lie b e tw

w

(V X F r (1 2 ×

=

0 00

h ic h

Co

0 56

L L

r w

a s a s u it a

1 5

=

fin d

w e

m m

0 27

_

18 0 0

gue

m e te r

0 0 8 7 6 , fo

=

13 7 0 0

12 0 0

F

d ia

35

12 00

C0

c a ta lo

5

× r a th

iた 吕】

254 7 5 h o

ー

r

5

×

50 9 5

u rs

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

9 20

F1

=

01

.

o2

.

姓

.

6 0 00 N ; F 2 0 25 x 2 00

90 0 0 N ; F = 30 00 N 3 0 5 r e v o lu tio n s

-

=

10 0

0 2 × 50 0 = o 55 × 4o o

22o

=

A to ta l o f 3 7 0

re v o ı u tio n s re v o

lu tio

pc r m

n s

in

re v o

lu tio

n s

u te

(E q n

P

V X F

=

1 x 6 2 34

l x

=

B

a s ic

R

a tin

V

S

m

d yn

ife is g ı

)

62 34 N

=

c a

o

o

S

1,

=

p a c ity is 2 0 0 0 0 N b ta in e d u s in g t h e fo

ic

a m

1

X

X

l}

=

9

9 6)

(P r o b le m rm

u

la

1" / k

C

P

=

2 00 0 0

A

(L

=

ve rage

/ / 1 )1 3

liĺ e

5 x

-

1 1 4

V

\ n

33 m

=

g life

t in

ra

r

5

-

×

33

=

16 5

m

r

į .

=

P r o b le m

L

6 234 ,

60 X 370

74 32 4 h o

u r

9 9

b e a r in g i s in g le r a d ia l b a ll W h a t is th c a p p r o x im a te fr ic tio n a l lo s s n a N ? T hc k r a d ia l lo a d o f 2 0 ha v in g a b o r e d ia m e te r o f 5 0 m m a n d s u b je c te d to a 0 0 0 15 T a k e c o e fĺ ic ie n t o f fr ic tio n sha ft r o ta t e s a t 5 0 0 r p m ff o f fr ic tio n x d ia m e te r /2 T F r ic tio n to r q u e - L o a d x c o c 2 0 0 0 0 X 0 0 0 1 5 × 0 0 5 /2 '

-

=

=

po

w e r

lo

ss

=

0 75 N

-

2

Jr N

'

m

T

,

w

re

×

0 75

500

=

2

=

39 27

兀 X

60 w a

N

he

_

re v o

lu t io

n s

pc

r se c o n

d

t ts

Scanned by CamScanner

9 21

Hı g h llg h ts 1

2

3

is lo w c x c u p t a t h ig h s b e a r in g s : I ) F r ic tio n p e e u tE İ l 4 ) R c jjjc ı u h r ic a t in n is r n ip e 3 l p a ) e n o r j u rn e t j i t o n j nt 2 ) A lm o s t c o n c e n tr ic o p e r a i ' ıp lc r i s t s c u l u t a s c a g r e t u r f c a u a n i m n is e a s y 5 ) S e le c tio n u s g in g (fa tijigu c łililu r e u re w ith o u t w a f n fa iı ) D is a ť !v a n ta g e s : C n s t n o is ie r s u d d e n d h t 2 o e t m ) F illin g n o t acem en E c e n tr ic d is p ı ch B a lıb e a r in g a s s e m h ly m e th o d s : I ) c

A dv

5

6

8

9

10

o

f

ttin g

ro

ç

o

n ta c l

山o d

i c o llta c t (to l o w s e lf a lig n in g anguı f b a ll b e a r in g s : s in g le r o w d o u b e r l lo a d s ) c a rr y b o th a x ia l a n d r a d ia li r b ) n w d le ro lle r (u s e d w h e n th e r e is T y p e s o f r o lle r b e a r in g s : a ) r a d ia l f o e lle r (to c a rr y a x ia l a n d rilial lo a d s ) lim ita tio n o n th e f a d ia łs p a c e ) c ) ta p e r r o l l d w h ic h g iv e s a p e r m a n e n t d e fo rm a tio n S ta tic ln a d r a tin g q is th e s ta tic r a d ia o a

T ype s

o

,

,

,

,

o

7

a n ta g e s

,

m e

4

9

f b a ll

an

am

fe v o

]u t io

rac e

lo a d

ic

D yn

d

n s w

0 0 0 0 ı o f th e b a ll d ia m

to

r a tin

ith

o n

h t g , C , is th e lo a d t a il ly ]O p e r c e n t fa u r e s s e le c

q u ir e d fo r th e d e s ir e d life in h o u r s

D a ta

re

an

tio n

d th e

e te r can

c a r r ie

be

d b y th e b e

f b e a r in g s : R a d ia l lo a d a x ia l lo a d ty p e o f lo a d (s te a d y im p a c t e tc ) o

,

ı4

o

f s h a ft

,

n o w

is th e e q u iv a le n t r a d ia l lo a d th a t w ill h a v e th e o ad P E q u iv a le n t ı ife a s d o th e a p p lie d lo a d s A m lie d lo a d s a r e u s u a lly a b e a r in g ı r a d ia l a n d a x ia l (th r u s t) lo a d s

sam e

g is d o fa tig u e life

p r e lo

a th n

D

es

fo

r

to

re m

o v e

th e

internal

b e a ń n gs

P r e lo a d e d

ar e

c le a r a n c e

u se d

山

m

be

in ac

h in

a r in

e

co m

gs

m

B

e a r in

e

ffe c t

b in a tio n

on o

f

d to in c f e a s e an

d in

e c is io n

e n ts

e e l th r o g m a te f ia ls H ig h c a r b o n c h r o m iu m s ı e t b e a r in g s b a r d e n e d a llo y s tæ l fo r r o l】

C

a n

to o ls

,

e a r in

co n

n e

S e r ie s 1 0 0 fo r e x tr a lig h t d u tie is 2 0 0 fo ig n a tio n o f b e a r in \ d u tie s a n d 4 0 0 fo r h e a v y d u tie s m e d iıt m

B

e

,

,

in s tr u m

13

d

spee

d fo r th e b e a r in g is in g th e a b o v e d a ta d y n a m ic lo a d c a p a c ity (C ) r e q u ir e i d C a n d th a t c a n s u p p o r t a s h a ft o f g iv e n e li tim a te d A b e a r in g th a t h a s th e r e q u r e d ia m e te r is s e le c te d

K

th e

12

6 g fo r 10

,

,

11

i? in

g

ta c t

fa ilu r e sı r e s se s

:

In o

f

be c

a r in

y c lic

gs

ro

llin g

n a tu r e

H

e le m e n ts

e n ce

自心g u

m e

u

d

r

lig h t d u tie s 3 0 0 ,

i s g h h iĐ d e n e d fo r b a ll b e a r n g

ra c e s

p ia in g

a fe o r

su

spa

b je c te d to llin g

o

f

h ig b

c o n ta c t

s u r fil c e s o c c u r s

Scanned by CamScanner

區島 ıO

BELT

.

D R Iv R S

\$#Ĥ i 10l

b l i p ie s m o r e s p a c e ( ) t s n o l p o s s ib le t【ì g c t a c c u r a te v c ln c ily (c ) E ffic ie n c y is le s s ih a n th a t n f g e a r d r iv e (U ) T h c s e o f s lip io b e c a u rat d to r e r a te d (fa t ig u e ) lo a d in g i c r c p c a tc d n e x in g a h th t y s u b je c te ts a r e bc ı H e n c e life is s h o r te r l\ r th c p u e y ss o v e a p B d t T yp e s 03 ı t t c r o s s s e c t io n t h c d r iv e s a r c d iv id e d in t o n a t h e ı B a s e d o n th c b c ı i n d b e lt d r v e s V be lt a n d r o u \ t d r iv e s a r e d iv id e d in tu (a ) n w n b e lt d r iv e (h ) c r t rs s c d h c ı Ħa t b e ı ı l d (c ) q u a r te r t u r n d r iv e (d ) la s t a n d lt x l s c p u llc y d r iv e (c ) s te p p e p u c y id lc r p u llc y ih dr iv e (ņ b c h d ń v c w t a n a

)O

ccu

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

R e fe r to F ig u e r ia *ı

Beı t IW

104

T hc in b e ıı

ı n a

re

10 1

ı s

sc t e r ia ls u ı

d

tıs t

m

bc

s tr o

n c x ib lc

w

an

d du

ra

hı c

r

o w t is Ħ c fc r r c d in d r y a r c a s h c ı d ı c a th c r is fa ir ı y s t ilT ı i t m a te r ia l s s u ll C h r o m e \ a n n c d (m in e r a l s a lt ta n n e d ) t】c ı te m p e r a t u r e 4 F C D o u bı c pı arc a s m d pı ia b ı y l t s a rc m a d e b y c a n d is p r c fc r r c d in Č Į m p in g tw o s i r in o f k a th c r togctr w ith h a ir s id e s o u t cc m e n ı

0 0

ta n

C e a o ıı ıa d C

m

n e

v ı*

F a b r ic b e lts a r c m ıd e n p o f rıbb c r s o r s n h t i T h e s e b e lts y t e c r c s im

rs o

fw

a rc

c

o v u ı m a tc r ia

d to g e th e r h y ıh c ı

he a p

« ıbb ￠r

R u bb e r b c h s ru bb e r o r N }ı ı* C

sy n

dc

p

o

th e t ic n ıb b c

r w

a re

n a ı

u

f p lıe q ıo h ic h

'

r e s is t

fa b r ic im p r e g n a te d m o is t w c

w

ith

m

o rr

i l 了h e f k a th c r o r r u b b c r isc d fr ic tio n n ıa te r a th e y a r c h ig h ly ts c a o n u a a l M g h s p c c y k n ı ta x e b c ı ı o c业 c a 罰 ab sh rb sı p e r 破 c a r o ı目ıd 鳥ı四名 園 p 昭島e jrs 名目d ic s pı

O

a re

o

a ￠ı b u

.

Ţ he s c ,

a«e

s im

u a r to

喝暑 假四国 冒

1

i

b n ı

bc

r

X

į

田 妇

崮

p ıo

b o'

￥

b e ta

l

W

Ė

m ı

d ia s ıe a d M

X

\

Scanned by CamScanner ・

10

ar

Ţ

t

Lb \ R o M tfm

I'

"

"

p

ın

d lc u lo r

(c )

て寫i黯

》 t

W

(fo

sa

o ı*

d le 】

* tg

);

(L o

o se

r

ł e y) pu ı

(e )

«d )

(f )

Æ m

印 ・￠d $

UW

is

iv e r s p e e d c o n s te n t

TO ı NCREAŝE

E L E o F «N M M c T A N D 1E N s ı ON

Ť.

W

Scanned by CamScanner

Ī

p

Wi ' t ĥ æ a

d de c ao fo rc e

s

re a s e s

to T

o n

th e

b

.

la c k

B y th e

. ,

id e

18 8

l 国 国

10 3

]le 1】

d

蹋曦 酯 化 量麹回

.

In

P re ssu r e

c re as es

to T

良 o

f th e b ı e t O n lh e

1 o n th e ti h g t s id e

】X WŁ&į ' "trifugal

i

s

F IG

10

2

a

T

F ïG

10 2 b

C E N T R ıF U G A L

T

=

T + Tc

B E LT T E N S ı oN

gĺ \ ļ1 ￥ä d

.

D ia n

ıe te r o

f

s n ıa

ll p u lle y

Scanned by CamScanner

10 4

C R

C

=

d is łm

e n tr e

e fe r to

F ig 10 2

oe

4 fo r

a c ro ese

d b e lt d r iv e

rd

a

L F te

-

s

a

L

-

2C +

=

o r

Æ

F IG

10 2

F ıG

10 2 d

'

+ 2 s in

o r/

2 ) (D + d

C R O SS Æ

llD

}+

B E LT

OPEN

c

+ dy 2c

(D

B E LT

]

(10 4 ) (10 1 )

+ d )2 / 4 C

fla t b e lt d r iv e s th e lim itin g

ra

tio o f te

in c lu d in g

m

v 2

.

la el

tr ifu g a l

(10 6 ) n

ı

!￡

.

y

,

lt a

m

c

-

is in

T 1

o e ffic ie n t o ra

d ia n

f fr ic tio n

s

d T 2 a r e in N is in k g lm an

V is in

m

n

o r

V b e lt d r iv e s

(I?ig

ew

to

n s

/s

d e r lo w s p e e d c o n d itio n s , i e , if V is le s s th a n 1 0 i d ı tte s o th a t E q u a tio n 1 0 6 r e d u c e s to U

F

cen

is

n s io n

T2

ı n

n s io n s

m

/s

,

m

v 2 rin a y b e

1 0 3 ),

Scanned by CamScanner

10 5 .

to w

sm e r tr a n

itte d

=

(T

r

T 2) V

,

in

w a tts

( 10 9 )

dN

(b )

G 10 3 Fı

10 7 ,

.

V

B E LT ı N (a ) S H E A V E

A N D O N (b )F L A T p u L L E Y

V be ı ts

烧焦

an

;

d

Scanned by CamScanner

10 9 .

Dı sa dva

.

ta g e s

n

"

T h is is d u e to th e fa c t th a t th e r a tio o f th e b e lt s e c tio b lt f e y d ia m e te r is c o n s id e r a b ly h ig b e r th a n in th e la t e p u lı s tr e s s e s

b) D

e s ig n

o

f V b e lt ? iv e s is

o re

m

n

h . Ig h t

p lic a te d th a n th a t

co m

o

d r iv e s c

d is tu

)

V b e lt ? iv e s

can

t be

n o

u se

d fo

la r g e

r

ca

p a c itie s

H

f fla t b e lt

an

d

c e n tr e

ıc e s

so m e w

1 0 10 .

d ) E ffic ie n c y o f V b e lt ? iv e is s o m e w h a t lo w h a t h ig h e r th a n in th e fla t b e lt d r iv e V lbe lt C

.

o rıs tr u c

tio n

er an

d its

e la s tic c r e e

p is

(F i8 1 0 4 ) ,

.

唱 ı

F ı G

V b e lt is

o

f tr a p e z o id a l c r o

10 4

ss se c

tio

n

T h e c o r e o f a V b e lt c o n s is ts o f s e v e r a l la y e r s o f r u b b e r iz e d fa b r ic 1 i ı ı y g th e te n s io n d u e to b e n d in g w h e n th e b e lt r u n s a r o tu ıd th e p u lle y, r u b b e r iz e d c o r d 2 to c r a r y lo a d te n s io Ą r u b b e r 3 o n th e s id e o f th e b e it s u b je c te d to c o m p r e s s io n d u r in g b e n d in g a iıd th e c a s in 4 w h ic h is m a d e o f g r u b b e r iz e d fa b ń c can

ı0 ıı .

ıo s s e s J

.

O

.

d E Ðūt ie n w

ll e ffic ie n c y o f th e d r iv e is b a o ņ t 9 5 to % % Irıte r n a l & ia io n in th e b e lt m a te r ia l a n d a ir r e s is ta ııc e le a d in g to r e d u c e d life

b e lts 10 12

an

v era

y

S tr e s s e s in B e tts

.

V

a r io u s

p o r tio

n s

o

f

a

b e lt

a re

su

b

je c te d

:> ?

to

°

;

d ift e r e n

'

c a u se

h e a tin g

RI

"'

t s tr e s s e s

o

f

T he se

Scanned by CamScanner

a

)

d

-

s tr e s s

-

s t. . . .

du

e

to in itia l te n

d.

'

"

)o v d) o b e n d c

:,

du

s tr e s s

-

.

N

to

e

a te p ic tu r e '" ĺ t i,s e v id e n t th a t th e

be o

n

v

=

ax

a r ia

b le

E

.

1

1

+

o

y

+

s tr e s s e s

M

-

o

d

o

bc

f s tr e s s

s tr e s s e s

o

'

'

w

.

h e n th e b e lt

H î H Łx : H

in th e ti h t id s g e

a

f

v

bo

u t

e ı a s

°

fa tig u

e an

T

F lG

4 ł a

p e r m ls s lb l s t e r

o

f th e

sm a

y

lle r p u u e y

ï

'

-

bĮ

=

v

=

th c

a g e to

be

°y ' " ' "

n

m

b e lt

d in g c

ı

y

ıï t

Ln

m

ï

th ic k n e s s o f b e ll t w id th o f b e ı t v i t y beı

10 5

es ses

L e a th e r b l e ts 2 to 3 4 5 M P a R Ubbe r b e lts 1 to 1 7 M P a F a b r ic Ļ b uee ll tle s s th a anı 1 1 M P a r Jı

.

B e lt s ı ip

aa

d c

§ r e ra l m ' "

뇨

d dam

t ic ity o f b e lt in

=

lm

th e p u lle

m o ves o ver

dl

n

bńn g

u lu s

t

d in g

a re c'

ii

t, ifu s a

arc

üm

s io n

.

0 1 s li p

ïf s

reep a

y b e d e lin

h

a re

ed a s

th e

e ıa c tly

a tiw re ı

m

p a r a B e l d ılc

o tio n

t

ba

w een

o

pn uey o r

if

Scanned by CamScanner

10 名

io n c o e ffic ie n t is n o t s u ffic ie n t s lip ın a y o c c u r B y r o u g h e n in g th e b e lt b y d r e s s in g o r b y c r o w n in g o n e o f th e p u lle y s th is s lip c a n b c a v o id e d C r e e p a ls o le a d s to s lip B e lt e x te n s io n in th c tig h t s id e o f th e b e l : t h b e lt T h ' B r e a le r th a n th e b e lt e x te n s io n h ı th e s la c k s id e o f t c th c fr ia

d p sh o u ı f s h a ftĻ e tc

«x c e

o

n o

be

t

. N

fu

se

d

w

ith

s li ppi

n

= Xq ,

ß d u e to

o a o ve rı

d

,

n o n

k

pa ra l

ı f Pu ı e y R im e y r im is ta p e r e d O n e o f th e p u lı e y s o f th e d r iv e is c r o w ııe d P u lı to w a r d s t h e e d g e s T h e c r o w ıı w ill fo r c e th e b e lt to r e tu r n to th e c e n tr p u lle y T h m b e lt r u n n in g o fl th c s id e s is p r e v e n te d ı0 1 5

C

10 16

B e lt S p e e d s

ro w n

in g

o

in ıu m p o w e r a iıd e c o n o m y 2 5 3 0 m /s is r e c o m m e n d e d F o r ı ife a n d e ffic ie n c y 1 5 2 0 m /s is r e c o n u ııe n d e d (上o w e r th e lin e a r s e e d o \ r ı p s, s ıı ıa lle r is th e n u m b e r o f tim e s th e b e lt is s u b je c te d to n e x in g o v e r p u llc ys ) R e la tio rıs b e tw e e n v e lo c ity o f b e ı t, p o w e r a n d b e lt te n s io n s a re d e p ic te d iıı F Ķ 10 6 F

o r » ı?

In c r e a s e in aı ıo

p tim u n ı s p e e

sp e e

d

at w

F IG

ı0 ı7

C

en

tr e D is ta

d w ill d e c r e a s e tlıe tig b ts id e b e lt te n s io h ic h p o w e r c a p a c ity is m a x im u m

10 6

an

d th e r e is

E FF E C T O F B E LT S P E E D

fo

n ce

n

r

Fı a t B e lt D

r iv e s

T h e life o f a b e lt is a fu n c tio n o f th e c e n tr e d is ta iıc e b e tw e e n th e d r iv e n a iıd d r iv e r s h a fts T h e s h o r te r th e d is ta iıc e th e n ıo r e o fte n th e b e lt w ill b e , be b d to b e n d in g s tr e s s e s w h ile r u m ıin su j e c te g a r o u n d th e p u lle y s a n d it w ill d e s tr o y e d b y fa tig u e H e p c e , a lo n g e r b e lt w ill la s t n ıo r e th a n a s h o r t o n e

10 18

S p e c illc W

.

L

ea

th e r

:

e

l x

ig h ts

10

o

5

f :B e lt M

N /m

a

te r fa ls

(a p p r o x iın a te )

3

iıı

Scanned by CamScanner 国 国

r

10 9 5

10

14 X

h M ı ef :

N /m

m

3 3

5 N n ım / 1ľ 1 22 x f F r ic tio n d e p e ıt o ı

R U

c ie t&

jņ

n

ds

C

o e

o n

th e m a te r ia ls u s e

d fo

b e lt

r

an

d

,

e 10 1 M Ta bı

ea n

p b e tw B e lt M

q

i

h ıı

i

w

m « itb

g e ta in e

a tc

po

ıc «»m p o

f F r lc u

P u lle y

ńaı

co m

o

u n

o n

be ı t a n d p u lle y

e e n

W

b lc

fa

Hı c ie n t

o o

d

m a te

ńaı S te e l o

r

d

u n u

l

0 25

0 22

0 23

0 20

d

OA O

0 35

W o o o ca

0 32

0 30

Cd » l R *oı « iđ d» d iı

101 o

"

N e s ls n

a t R im f Fı

o

CI

e

m

d P

lı e ys

u

f tw o ty p e s , s p lit a iıd s o lid T h e y a r e m a d e o f c a s t ir o n , T h z p u lle y s A r e o o d ı in iu n ı a llo y o r w o d æi a u m t ir o n p u lle y s w h ic h d e p e n d in g o n s iz e , a r e m a d e M o s tı y u se d a r e c a s lid d is c b e tw e e n tlıe r in ı a n d th e h u b h a r m s o r w ith a s o ł qi is d e te m ıin e d r e fe r r in g to T a b le s 1 0 2 a n d 1 0 3 T he M d th o f th e p u ll\

)

a

b)湘 m b e r

o

f

a r 回匡s

4 fo r d ia m

c

)0

te

rs u

6 fo r d ia iııe te

rs o

o ss s e c

cEc c tiv e

tio

ly ta k e

n

e

o u

f

p to 4 5 0 v e r 4 50

a n ııs

p 吐be b e

is n

n ım m

m

a iıe ip tic a ı M a io r a x is is in th e p ı l】 d iııg ıııo m e n t (F ig 1 0 7 ) e

o

f

ro

ta tio

n

to

闻

Scanned by CamScanner

ın t lt ıï łlı ł ł ı J (łlu

m ı* ı l ıi ı lh e n ıı uł ı I R ï m tlin # n łl \ııw iıııłı1 t a łh n r ı\ı * ￠lł ? \ hņ ı l p u lı ) [ w e r łlıt ı\ııın h ıı n ı« ıln ı ı ı ı n \ı p ı ı ı ıı \!* ı lı n ı ı ı n l \r i? ı lıılt n ı» ť \ Iı n \ o r # hı '

'

»

ı ı}

・

a

'

4l

-

W ho ro

w

t) n tı

)I

t

N

-

ia n w le ı \ lıp u llł' y ıiııl ı łtl

n

f ltttn n tı

ı e n g *h

-

øy i\ lllııłr p ıılı

w

=

* l iH »

(U \ )w

-

(I

oı

})

,

u h lw N ľ lĺ l ı ı)1 IIı iıı t]ł

tiłlı iı tť ł a n \tl lıI t \f lı ( ı/ } 0 ) v u ı ı h lı (W IIX I) I \ ıı\n ı Il ıı ıin * ľ lh iu k n c » * n ılh ľ ıiın ? t w t a n ılr t \ıł p tıllc yh ) hĺ c lı\ırg łıliu ıın l b e ll Ilb r u li d u lJ lü y l* Iln \lıt)tl b y ı \c p u ı ) M in in \u m * il o u f ıı

h u b tlla m

d ı\

d

'

lc r

-

,

-

c

ll

[u h c n

lm ļ

u

o v e r lh c

c y p u lı

,

ı l M lı u k y W ı 01 ı T u bı û ı .

W

.

ł ll・ \ ı ıp ıı ı ı \ı y

h ￠W iıjı Ħe ı u

» p ld ı

ı\ m m

ħm

12 5 tıl Z 1o

m m

23 0 ıu 3 75

n m ı

3 莖 !ıı1fM

用削

出)硇

.

m *n

.

d ıd tiır lıı o

―

一

4

―

ł /ı ıty iı ı ıl ıu lı ı tı ıı ır ı rW ı ı

ı ın ı ı

tıV ) .

»o n

e t tım m e n tle

R

(ı4 T n bı e ı rx M ı

,

t l ĦT n w

t T e ııııiım in * D Beı

,

m

J H ı)\ m

m T a bı e 10 ı R * e tı

10 3 ı

ııĦ =

th e b ￠ll w w rb þy

m m

Sn o , S M ) a n d

m

hı ın w itlp r ı

e v lť * ı

łi

ı ll ın ı ıır t« r * ı » ı d ı ı ı * y I)ı

x Hı N H I, ı ı ,

:« n tl y

ım

Hı

Io H ) O H t he i "i ı '

h

n »c lt tc n ıi￠m » a r c * o w n g # ı i l c t c ) lit ) lh llt r r b a i l h l c l ı c ı t p n 吕u r c * * h o w lh e * la c k n id o u r ih c b c l n n t Yp ( l * c c o f w r* p \c łın « ı it« te n d e ııc y [o * a « ıc tlıï o in c r c a ıe ıł rı ra ıle n e r » fı tlı (* ı ıt * ıı Jr ı ı le ı l ı * ı0 9 ) 10 3 2

T hre e

n tc

lh n

d*

n

a in tıin in

fm

.

,

.

"y l￥ y

ın d c e m ' uc d ł t» m a y h e g ı L e a th e r b e ı t ı h ı m a y h ￠ j\lin c t l c ł a » in P ig 10 tb R u b h c r t* truth n l l40 h o o k » (" ig in Ttd ) a r c u * c tl fa r h c ı

10 2 3

.

) r la e $ iP IO ) l ) ĺtłc ıt

(ı'l

・

;

￠

p

u

łc

0 ıb ) v « rı (F k ı V F lu t D r ı ,

.

io ı * n d ıbu r l c e n ıre d iıta n c e ı a r e r e q u ir e d the W he n ı lır « e v c lu c ily r a ￠ h* i » r c r o n c n a t T h c la r g e r p u llc y lc r p u lı c y L a n b e v w ￠»t tv c d a n d !h c ı «m a ı # nM ì￠y , tha ıc o m p c n » » tc ı fo r ıh c ı c r pu i c t a n g le th i n th e a m iılı a J r c u !c r c ıin tlı ic » lin n « t a n b e tim M in d u ń c * tic p i» ıtm p u m p i , o f w c d g in ı ĺ a c (i\ tn S u c h » p l»ı d o m e n ıiť c lo th c * d r ie r « t ır I» r * c p u n c h p r e ı* e ı 03 4 ı

.

D

« ıll n o

T h e re m a n u fıc lw ￠r

v g B * ı* d l* ı l D rı f Fı * łı

ł

d illc rc n t d c * ip p rn e c d u re * ; th e b ı* ic c tł ı ı * tio n * ı d ıtı * a d th e a lb e r u * lw a re

'

ı ı M ın u rı ı ı ￠ı »n r * ı

tw o

D ・ı * o ne

u * in g

ı

Scanned by CamScanner

10 1 1

M

o

t ◇r

ro to tin

(a ) M

n

«ı n u o

l

a

d ju s tm

e n

t

Ħ

t

O

m o

F ıG

T he ór st 1 Se le c t ılle Ħ

to

ha

n

g

(c » W B E LT

etlı od is y d ia m

e

te

ı u ı ıp u

TE N S ı O N ı NG

de

s c r ib e

rs a n

d

o

4

6

i

? b le 10

g

b ta in

id le

r

p

u

lle y

D E V IC E S

w ra

p

an

g le

in m m fo r th e G iv e n S p e e d f Beı tin g P lie s

e te r

o

M

a x im u m

b e lt

a n

d th e

sped m

Įį

20

25

30

90

10 0

1 12

14 0

18 0

14 0

16 0

18 0

200

25 0

200

22 4

250

30

3

2 50

30

5 5

400

450

5 he l p

i

,

ig h te d

d b e lo w

lle y D ia m N u m ber

o f p lie s

3

e

r

10 8

Tıbı e 10 3 M ln im No

v e r

k

s to

c

rs sm

ho o a

se

tb e d ia n ıa e

r o

f 吐ıe

s n ıa lle r

55

p u lle y

ı le r t h a n th e r e e o m i ııe n d e d a r e c h o s w th e b e lt b e . ä ııg s tr e s s w h e ıı it is o n th e p u lle y B e n d in g

Scanned by CamScanner

]0 1 2

ī

LE A TH E R

(o ) G ıu ・d ıC

e m ・n t・ d

(b )

La

n

F A B R IC

lz * d

Jo in

B e fo

re

(d ) W ır e Fı G

2

.

C

a lc u la te

D

10 9

e a ls n

kw

TY PES

as

rc o

d kw

×

d

)o ln ho

ïn g

o

k

ıu

la G iv e n B e ı o w

lo a d

c o r r e c tio n

fa c to

r

(K s )

=

f c o n ta c t fa c to r ( x s m a ll p u lle y fa c to r (K d ) o r r e c tı o n F a c to r is g iv e n in T a b le 1 0 6 T h is fa c to r is u s e d to a c c o u n t n a tu r e o f a p p lic a tio n a n d typ e o f lo a d

ııo a d fo r th e A

a te

e

J O IN T S

B E LT

O F

p e r th e F o m R

ık w e s ig ı

D

R

c ・d

RUBBER

co (c ) V a ı

LEA TH E

fC

on

A

rc o

ta c t F a c to r

te d p o w e r c a p a c ity i8 g iv e n fo r 1 8 0 ° a r c o f c o n ta c t a n d it h a s to b c n ıo d ifie d fo r a c tu a l a r c o f c o n ta c t G r e a t e r a r c o f c o n ta c t m e a n s h ig h e r c a p a c ity a n d s m a lle r a r c o f c o n ta c t m e a n s lo w e r c a p a c ity T a b le 1 0 7 g iv e s the

R

v a lu e s o

a

f Ķa

T a b le 10 6 L o a d C .

L

o r r e c tı on

F a c to r , Kı

ic a tio n o ad cı a s ó i￠

N o rm

a

St

y "M d

=

10

l lo a d s c re e n

,

'"ifuwlpumpE

In te n n itte n t lo a d ß R e c ip r o c a tin g p u he a vy d u ı o w e r « , e tc y fa n s a n d b ł s h o c k lo a d s

c

r u s h ir, g m a c h in e ty ,

ha m

,

m

a g ita to r s ,

pı

an

m e rs ,

d

b e lt c o

co m

n v e yo r ı ,

lig h t m

p r e ıs o r E , h e a v y

p r e r ıe ı, g r in d e r = ,

ro

ı lin g

a c h in e to o ls ,

m a c h in e

m

ilı s,

e tc

to o ls ,

t2

13 1l

Scanned by CamScanner

曲南国し T

-

h ta c

h\ '

.

»

b le 10 7 A r e

w it ł

\ \h c n

o

a ro u n

s Ic s

1 8 b le ıo 8 s n .

ı

fC

ıa

o n

ta c t F a c to r , K

d th c

s n ıa

a

lı c r p u lı ey

ıp u lı ı e y F a c to r ,

Ķd

=

0 5

和 l￠' "

0 6

R ı *ı

￠t H ļ J￠ 1 ıo ı 4 ￠ 00

0 7 0 8 0 9

3

4 19

m

N

摊 销

f

10

輸嗓

Se tt a

*

b đt

r c Fe r

ńng

to T a

b le 1 0 q T h b le ı0 9 .

ı» * d R a tin g B 自由 心 a t 1 0 m ts

￠ F a h r ic B h Spe ed

e

e

lts p e r

n u n

łb k

fo

in th c

rm

a

ft Č le a th e r b e lts a n d fa đ u r c r s c a ta lo g u e s

tio

n ıa n u

n

°

l

A

rc

w

ill b e

o

ru

m

b b e r is e d

ca n va s

ts beı

'

S ta

T h b *e ıo ı0 .

3 Ply

t 18 0

/p ly 0 0 2 8 9 k w /m m /P ly

0 0 2 3 k w /m

ig h t d u ty ) Ĥ Ħ ID d w k b e lt in g \ı ţ w duņ) Rk T n

a

lo a d E m

i

rating i

W id th p e r P ly

4 pı y m m

ııd a r

d W id th s

o

fT

tin 8 is s lo n B e ı

r a ııs m

5 p ļy

6

py

rmli

m

TL

8 p ly m m

35

76

10 0

20 0

25

31

90

11 2

2 50

32

40

ı0 0

12 5

305

40

44

ıl z

15 2

355

4 p4

S0

I2 S

18 0

40 0

50

63

63

ı5 2

ħ

n

18 0

ı1 2

25 0

20 0 2 SO

ı2 S

ls a

\

镛

。 t

A ・ Scanned by CamScanner

ı

í»e tp ım ln o ï h t m in im u m 8 IO \% \ n * u \tln g ľ a h \c \d ・

.

JL V

M lt M d th

in g

a es u m

be r

nu m

o

f p lie s (3 t o 8 )a i

td

.

'

ıc n h

n

łth e b e lt

he

c»n

i E q u a tio t u la te il u s n g caı

n

T a b le s 1 0 2 10 3

an

d l0 3

ll \ bı t ı ı *ı

m

.

a p a rt r a lle l s h a fts 1 2 m e c ts tw o p a T he k l ıl tlr iv e c o n n pe a ı r e s p e c ti e l a n d 14 0 r p m a m n 0 y r 5 d 3 t v p the d r iv ln # a n t id r iv e n s h a lls m ta te a w e r to b e tr a n s m itte d is 1 1 1 h o T e r t e p i e m d a e y l* 4 o o m m in d r lv û n p u lı t» « b ï \ lh c t\r iw

A

n

u

,

,

ı .

)ı am Pu ı k y ı

D r lw

* tio n Caı cu ı

e ie r a

p u llc y d ia m

n

e te r

-

D r iv e r p u s p e e d . 35 0 . 2 5 D /d 14 0 D r iv e n p u lle y s p e e d 1 6 0 m ın 40 0 / 2 5 d c y d ia m e te r D r iv e r P u lı i n a n d fo r th is d a ta lc y atp c c d s a n d d r iv e n p u lle y d ia m e te r a r e g v e pu ı H e n c e th e r e is n o n e e d to a te d a s 1 6 0 n ım cu ı ı c y d ia m e te r is c a ı d r iv e r p u ı d e d d ia m e te r B u t it is a lw a y s b e tte r c tu c h o o s e a n y r e c o m m e n l a n y ta b ı c u n «u ı f th e p u lle y s g iv e n in T a b le 10 4 lo u s c lh o r e c o m m e n d e d d ia m e te r s o l d d ia m e te r to b e a s ta n d a r d o n e ı n c id c n ta lly w e fin d lh c c a lc u a te =

=

=

-

,

Z

.

D e te r m ln

Kı A

ltı o n ł

1 2 fo

-

rc o

o

fV

a r io u s

F a c to

d C

rs a n

cu a ı

ı a tio

n

o

fD

es

d y lo a d

r s te a

18 0 °

f c o ııla c t =

18 o e

=

X

ig n P o w

er

(T a b le

10 6)

(T a b le (T a b le

10 7)

6 0°

\

60

×

168

=

°

iį Ł

Po

r

16 8

°

,

K

a

Ķd D

e s ig n

po w

er

-

=

3

.

t S e le t tlo ıı o f B e ı

1 04

-

0 6

-

d kw 1 1 X 12

(R

a te

X

1 04 × 0 6

=

K

s

Y (ķ a

Spe e d

Load

o ra

f th e b e lt

=

tin g a t 2 9 m

K d)

X

2 1 15 k w

】 Pr a b r ic b e lt, h ig h s p e e d d u c k b e lt is e 10 9 k w lm m /p ly fr o m T a b ı '

1 0 8)

Æ

n

X

c

ho

16 0

se n

×

Its

3 50 =

-:

6 0 × 10 00 lo a d /s

6 0 × 10 0 0 r a tin g a t 1 0 tı ı /s x

-

(0

=

0 0 0 6 6 ? k w /m

023

X

ca

2 9

0 023 p a c ity is

n ı/ S

(2 9 /1 0 )

2 9 ) / 10 m

lp ly

Scanned by CamScanner

ı ıh 乌 10 1 5

h W id t

t fbe ı

o

=

T h is

Fo r

w

sh o u

id th

d e s ig n p o w e r lo a d r a tin g x N o o f p lie s 2 115 79 2 7 m 田 0 0066 7 × 4 ld b e r o u n d e d o ff

dilaa rrnd lww id th is￡ go iv e n t L e n g th B ı io ıı o f e ta a m n st

ı t 4 p ly b e ,

90 n

as

1 o 1o )

(T a b le

ım

Cı cuı at L

2C +

-

(D

2

\

d) +

+

'

{4 0 0

(E

2

1K n \

10 3 )

qn

4 × 12 00

329 1 6

=

m

33 00

=

l立

田

m

th lle y W id 7 Pu 13 m m b e ll w id th + 90 + 1 3 = 1 0 3 m m = d id th is 1 1 2 m m R e c o n u rıe n d e w t D r iv e B a s e d o n M i ıı o f V B e ı 1ı0v 2 5 D e s g o f b e lt d e p e n d in g c tio n e đ tb e s e Se ı

fa c tu

a n u

D

'

rer s

a

(T

a

b le 1 0 2 )

(T

a

b le 1 0 3 5

ta

.

=

1

T Cm

A

s

a

b le ı0 1 1 D z

rca m m

U lo

se c tio n

su a

d r iv

q m bo ı

d

a

e

ta

a

R

l

2

e n

N

in i

to

o m

in a l

N

p

id th

th ic k n e s s

w

W

m u m

s

o m

T

m m

in a l

M

,

m m

75

13

8

0 106

B

14 0

2 15

12 5

17

11

0 189

C

230

7 5 75

20 0

22

14

0 34 3

3 55

32

19

0 59 6

500

38

23

D

4 75

2 2 15 0

Ł

m

30

S e le c t

s n ıa

m

ll p u ı le y d ia m sp e e d

e ea

e er

a

. -

T

0 55

are

ra

fr o

r

T

m

a

b le

T h is d ia n

tio

,

if

n o

t

g iv e n

b le 1 0 12 S e le c tio

1

m ıin e n o m

V be h s

te

d e te r ın in e ı a rg e s h o u ld b e in R 2 0 s e r ie s (a A ls o

1o 1 1

ıe te r

)

d is ta iıc e C

c e n tr e

e

r

m

k g lm

m

m

pe

a ss

m e tr e

0 75 5

T

I$

m

b le g o l l )

80

:S l

\

d a r d V B e lt S e c tio n

a

itte d

n sm

A

Pu lle y d ia iııe te r u s in g an d a r d d i am t a.

to b e tr a

e r

n

m

M

pow

(T

p u lle y p itc h d ia ,

kw

,

e co m

ded

f

o

S ta

on

th e

o n

(D

5

+

.

1

o

n

,

fr o

fC

en

T a b le 1 0 1 2

m

tr e D is ta

C

d)+ T

in a ıp itc h le n g th d e s ig n a t e d b y th e

d in s id e le n th g s

o

o

f th e b e lt

c ro ss se c

f b e lts

are

n

2

-

m ax

u s in

tio

g iv e

,

C

n

(D

d

n

n o n ıin a

in th e fo llo

w

.

d)

+

g E q u a tio

an

0

.

. S_

0

ļ

n ce

1o 3

l in s id e le

in g ta b le

n

g th

(a s

pe

r

Scanned by CamScanner

Fı G

10 10

ı ıı ı r ır n » ı n «ı ￠ı

11 b ı 0 ııN ￠ ı 14 7 3

9 855

,

15 2 4

,

16 ln

,

1 6 2 6 , lh \ l 1 7 7 , ı 7 78

0 6 1 7 , 1 2 14 1 lm ı

n ı ıın t ı ı

ı

J tı1 7 21ı1

« ı 1 lŲR ı ( n ı ,

s ł\ lH ıł, 1n 7 11

,

V ßL I T :

OF

S E C T IO N

S TA N D A R D

,

,

2 H h 1 4 1 8 , ı4 6 4 2 q ı n ,

h h7

n \m

N b te F u r p itc h ı V \ m m rt \ r A ı c n g th , a d k l w ilh in s it te le n g t h t 41 w ı B , 5 6 m m fo r C 7 9 m n ı fo r D ł\n d 9 2 m n ı R ) r E b c ı t .

,

m m

fn r

,

In th e d e s ig n d a ta h o o k s , T a h ı 0 I \ i r iv e n in a i lirlrcnt h lr m ı t tı l, in c lu d in g c o r r e c tio n fa c to r F U ħin g T a b le I0 1 3 r u u n \ ın ll t h c c ł tı c u ln to u , c \ tt ) th c n c a r c s l s ı a n dł ır t l (n t )m in u ı ) v łıı p itc h le n g th o f th e b e ı uc '

5

Fo

.

c a ı c u la

r

d e te r m in e d C o r r e c tio T a b le 1 0 14 6 7

8

D

.

fo

e

r arc

n

d c łig n

fa c to

te r m in e w r a p o f c o n ta c t fr o

.

0 b ta in

.

C

g iv e n

tin g

s e r v ic e

T

o m

in

ııin ıld a

M

d ify in g o

m

F ..

r

1 0 ı4 C .

R e fe r r in

po

a

un

d

o

r

r»

th c

w

iı ıha ve

«c ı c c lc

h ta in F d

lu

bc

d bc ı l lr u m io n ı

tu c lo r

V bc ı t u « in g th c fo

r m u la i

,

c o rro c

g to T a b le I0 16

w e r ca

o lT « c

fa ç tu

h l・in c d fn

ı le y c r pu ı g le fo r s m a ı T a bı c 10 1 5

an

(G iv e n fo r N

m o

,

a x im u m

ıb ı e

w e r,

fo r lc n s th F . I« .

r

fa c to

la te th e m in T a b le 10 1 7

a lc u

po

,

p a c ity

d o n F ı«

or

f

a

fo

r

o

lA

fc w in ıiu c ı h* c n gı

s th

H c lıc n

n

o n

Jıı ı ie c

r r lh , ı c

ly )

tio n

m m

四

星

6 10

0 8

10 16

0 89

0 84

14 22

0 %

0 90

190 5

1 02

0 97

調酗

ı周

ı億

aa4S

1 11

Æ ı

30 48

1 13

lm

40 13

国

D

I

ł13

Scanned by CamScanner

10 17 1 18 4903

T

a

v a lu e s

Cr h c

N,U

bı e 1 0 15 A

fo

rc

r a

o

fC

fc w

1 07

0 96

1 11

IO

0 97

1 07

1 03

ta c t F a c to

o n

r r e c tio n

(P r o p o r tio n

."

Fd

!

g iv e n b e lo w

c a se s a re

Co

r

o

fa c to f 18 0 °

)

r

v v V b e lt

v Ħa t

V pull

o n

V b e lt

18 0

0 75

0 98

t7 ı

fla t l ıe y

o n

1 00

0 77

16 0

0 80

15 1

0 82

13 9

0 85

13 0

0 86

0 82

120

T

a

0 82

bı e 1 0 1 6 S e r v ic e s F a c to r fo D

Se ıvk e 10 h

r iv

in B

u n

its ty p e

16 h r s

rs

r

V beı ts ), F

I

O

D

v e r

16 h r s

r iv in

a

g

10 h r s

u n

its typ e

16 h r s

II O

v e r

16 h rs

æe r d ay) ı0

11

12

1 1

1 2

1 3

)k d iu m đu y

1 ı

1 2

13

1 2

1 3

1 4

Hm y 鲫

12

ı3

14

14

15

1 6

ım d u r y

1 3

14

1 5

15

1 6

1 8

d d r iv e n

m ac

\

ıd u ty

T h e d c ta iķ o f d r iv in 8 m its dū lie s a r e a v a ila b le in th e d a ta b o o k s T Belt (T o ss sea io n s ym

A

a

F

C

o rm u

la

KW

.

19

om

(0 4 5 S

KW

.

KW

.

d

KW

0 765

0 09

50 8

(1

0 09

W

13 2

.

.

4

2 3 4 x 10

50 6 . 7

09

95 2

: kw

at

4 7 8 × 10

7 06

×

ıBO p a r c

o

10

fc

t

e

12 5

W 10

re n

rylw M a x im u m v a lu in th e o f d ,

i

*

4

¡ i! b ių t!

2

)S

4

5

2

)S

3 9

4

5

2

)5

425

5

ą

(4

-

×

d e r d iffe

m

× 1

c

(0 7 9 S 47S

es

ľ

bo l

4

Ę

h in

bı e 1 0 17

L

B

an

s

2

700

)5

o n ta c t

fo r

a

beı t öf a v e ra ge

Scanned by CamScanner ł Z

Scanned by CamScanner

译

10 19

P itc h L

,

a ı cu

(5 0 0

1r

+ 2 x 925

￡

g th C

en

io a ı on ￠ 】

la u

o n

ļ ş

+

2

2 90 3 m m 4 x 925 i t i e c o B n s h w t n o m in a l i b e lt o f n s id e l e n g th 2 8 4 5 3 T 1 h 0 1 l m e e n b i o m T l a n a i t to p c h le n g th is 2 8 4 5 + 43

*W

f v a r io u s M o d iı ic a tio . on u u ° '" s 4 fa c to r fo r le n g th _ C o rr e a io n F . - 1 3 t S e n ic e fa c o r

F a c to

n

,

F

,

(T a b le (T a b le

-

(fo ,

1 g ht D u t [ y, o , s e n ic e fo r d r iv i

į

n

A

fco

rc o

n

ta c t

n

o

KW

(0

79S

d

-

d

=

.

F

X

p

fM

im

ax

b

p b

=

b o

-

1 14

fo d S

Ĵr

V

=

60

(0 7 9

dn

'

KW ,

i

n

X

4 be h s

=

fN

m

g

m

157 3 ° o

.

b e lt

"

o .

r

2 T4

D /d

Jr X .

" p u l]e y ,

s

fe r r in g

re

p a c ity 4

s 2 )S

(T

a

b le 1 0 1 7 )

5 0 0 /1 5 0

=

(T

a

b le 1 0 1 8 )

-

17 1

33 3

=

n u ı ı

1 5 0 X 10 0 0

60

7 85

-

× 10 0 0

1 32 × 10

4

×

m

/s

7 8 52) X 7 8 5

t i rE i

i

ł ł

!二圹日

产

:

į

j

n '

马+ 1 į

b e r B e lts

u m

J

X F

d ia n

ra

m

-

d

1 7 59

×

1 05

×

0 95

-

L §

I

ı3

J

C ıı n ıı « =

a re

z

Ï

a

r'

=

\

F.

10 1 6 ) 1 6 h , s c o n tin u o u s a c h in e s o f r y p e II)

over

.

0 09

o

l C

60 °

X

1 3 2 × 10

17 1

f itio

m

"

r

1 i

10 0 0

x

P x

?

"

7 85

x

ow er

15 0 × 1 14

=

.

1 7 59

=

P

u m

d

F

.

15 0 l

\

0 09

d

KW

(5 0 0

180°

HFHXa=rŢ"Ė

5 C a lc u la tio

10 1 4 )

18 0P

=

=

.. . .

-

rB

1 05

-

is c h o s e n 2 88 8 m m

m

◆

-

n

d e te m

ıin e

th e tig h ts id e te

(E

yz

,

一

to

严 城

雄齜

蕊 歃

o

f sn

ıa

lı e r p u Hc y

=

1 74

ra

d ia iıs

n s io n

qn

10 8 )

■

Scanned by CamScanner

10 2 ]0 ,

卢

a

(a a s u ln

03

-

" e 'r

et

m a ss/

=

n ı

0 l

2 w 1) a iıd ( ),

(

&

la t ï o

n

L

A

=

百 2 88 8 4

o

ea

fC

e

ofB \

cd S tr c s s in d u c

m aı

c

.

,

Sectio «

10 t l ) -

tr 74 / ıiin 2 03 X 2

ge t

,

T

tio n

-

t

274 5 N

-

14 o

'

=

t4 0

e n tr e

D + d 万

u ıv

'

8

S o lv in g

C

)

ı= (fr o ııı

=

,

T

cd

s ta Oı

-

m m

2

fr o

2 N /m

m

T

m

a

b le 10 1 1 ,

2

n ce

l

c ￠回

8 f

冗

50 0 + 15 0 1 8 31 2

Scanned by CamScanner

".ĺ ŕīī "

"T ł

￠

,

M

o

to

a s Io

be

u se

d in d e s i g n in

g

r

to 9 )

12 0 0

0 3

coe ı spe e

rp m

d,

kw

r,

pow

L E a th e r b e lt h a v in g p e

id th to tr a ifu g a l te n s io n a ls o (c n tr nec

ry w

\

rm

is s ib le te n s io

it th e

n sm

S in c e th e fr ic tio to th e la r g e

Sm

p

r

u

n

Re

n

o

f 1 5 N /m

q u ir e d p o w

ffic ie n ts

c o e

T

T

A

a re

lle y )

d iffe r e n t w To th e s m

1

2

M

V 2

ss u m e

自

h a v e to a lle r p u lle

o

q u a tio

u se

m

d T he th ic k

acco u n t

evaı u a te

y

an

n s a r e u se

e f 1q '

=

b e lt

e o

e

1 t ￠r * â

e v a lu a te m

V o lu m

V

id th is

g in to

e

2

v

b la s s

w

d

th e

t e ￠iq

su

ffix 2

d to

s o lv e

a

m

Now

m

ta k in

er

lle r p u lle y g o v e r n s th e d e s ig n In a ll b e lt d e s i g n p r o b le m s , o n ly tw o b a s ic :,

2 25

22

m

.

refe rs

0 25

9 00

w

f b e lt

id th

m

1 te n

b

=

tr e

=

m =

m

.

T h ic k n

b t

x

e ss

1o o o

t

-

m m

=

6

×

10 9)

m m

=

1 o o o b t x d e n s ity 1 0 0 0 b × 6 × (1 0 0 0

6b

(g iv e n )

3

10 3 k g / m e tr e Æ X 300 X 900 . 1 4 13 m / s 6 0 X 10 0 0 2 . 6 b X 10 - 3 X 1 4 13 2 s io n = m v m

q n 10 6 )

d v

e tr e

m

e

1

(1 ) (E

a n

f be t

W

×

r .

ı

1

1

1 2b N

Scanned by CamScanner

(1) is

日 笋 画図

朝

ia

aı

図

(3 ) 2 ı2

-

(J \

m

T2

ım a

2 12 ,

=

,

lIe r p u u c y g o T aa d T 2

th e

ve rn $

d e ï ig n

)

'

t

E q a a tio n (2 ) g iv e 14 ß = 2 2 0 0 0 (T 1 T 2 ) X 1 T 2 = ß% 9 7 N T l 0 57 N T 2 = T 1 itı (3 ) i s ıa

m

W

12 b 三

T

P e m a k

=

T

ß

-

.

×

b

16

o

o3

d ?

f

on

fc

con

?

c a n

a«

in

(5 ) a r d

c }

-

(6 ) lo

s o lv e

r

b

,

2 12

一

o 1 0 ) rııa y b e T a b le ı

( « a ıd a ĺr d

t 競

募三

湓 ? p a c y b 1 2 00

\

øD c

M

e

m m ıa

no

c c m rc

d ia M

t« bc ı

r c ıı

» cd ı

n ce

纖 is 10 0 0

m m

.

pa

Hc y m

m m

in

w ab ļe

Ė 7 JI/m

an d

tr m m M U d

b c th c m

C

ßb N

2 24 m

二缸 aa

=

U b

ゼ覧け

ı5 b

b e n Ðm p

ı2 b

王岛

B c*

ムリ

=

1

fì IT ) z

_

=

0 3 X 31 4

￠

3 H

=

/￠ı= a

.

三生生

m

T ŢTTŢ

W

l

-

03 2 0o p

.

33 4

=

-

r a d ia m

w

°

Scanned by CamScanner

10 2 3 u n ı tig

a x im

M

(o

p

-

h t s id e te

is s ib le b e lt s tr e

e rm

T

'

n s io n

15 7

5 096

=

12 5 6 1 N

x

2 .

T

N

ow

'

1

v

T 2

m

v

2

p

d q

1 an

transmitted

o w e r

a se

la p

ig h t

o

f b e lt

1 0 5 N /n

l x

=

3

ın ı

5

kg / m

3

m

D e ltlm e tr e

-

(V

-

(2 5 0

=

5 0 9 6 k g /m

o lu n ıe

×

o

f b e lv m

e

tr e

)

2 0 × 10 0 0 ) ×

T 2

d

s o lv e

fo

D

x

e n s ity

9 81

T 2

r

4024 N

=

(T 1 T 2 ) v (1 0 0 0 0 4 0 2 4 )

=

-

C

)

9 81

a n

3 16 ,

-

12 5 6 1

2

2

(2 )

S u b s titu t e fo r T 10 0 0 0 12 56 1 T

2D x

-

l x 10

q

_

2

2 50 x

=

-

ss O t

2

m

w e

e n s ity

rv i a

m

?

10 0 0

S P e c ific D

k

2

=

%

. .

ss

b tc r

-

.

1 0 ,0 0 0 N

=

1

T

=

15 7

x

93 9 kw

_

II

a n

Sm g le

a

s

ı le r p u lle y is c h a n g e d to V g r o o v e d N c h a n g e a n d th e y h a v e to b e c a lc u la te d

id le r is

o

u se

d

T he

re

fo

re

,

1 rı

o ı"

D ııı

2C

a

l

=

18 0

2P

=

180

a

2

=

18 0 +

ZP

=

18 0 + 2 X 2 8 3 5

N

o w

,

w e

o

Ło

2 X 10 00 2 x 2 8 35 =

b ta h ı th e lim itin g

ra

tio

Ĵ

J

12 3 2 8° 236 T

=

s o

4 13 14

=

f te n s io

2 15 16

=

n s

fo

r

ra

ra

d

d

b o th p u 1ı e ys

0 2 5 X 2 15 1 6 e s in

-

v2)

e

=

=

ł ): ĹĮ) ・

'

=

e

s in

\

/2)

0 2 5 X 4 1 3 14

L

a rge r

_

6 3

-

2 8

1e y g o v e r n puı

s

th e d e s ig n

s

N

la r g e r

o w

tı ıe lin

puuìs T T

,

ıitin

g

ra

tio

o

f te n s io

n s

in c lu d in g

c

ė n tr ifu g a l te n s io

n

t o r th e

v

1

m

2

Jit v

2

Scanned by CamScanner

10 2 4

1 2 56 1

10 0 0 0

T2 pow e

Ą T2

2

=

ı

tr a n s n ıitte d P

r

4 37 8 N

=

(T ı T z ) V (1 0 0 00 4 3 7 8 ) X

=

-

15 7

883 kw

=

10 5

d en P toı

k w a t 1 0 0 0 r p m o f th e s m a ll d b e h d r iv e is to tr a n s m it 10 er i e te r 2 50 m n ı T h e v e lo c ity r a tio is 2 e r p u lle y h a s tlıe d a m s n ıa lı It is d e s ir e d to u s e a fla t b e lt 6 N ım th ic k e c e aılr e d i s t is 1 2 5 n ı a n d 吐ı f o 1 If th e m a x im tim a llo w a b le s tr e s s ın th e be lt w itlı a c o e ffic ie iıt o f fr ic tio n o id th T h e b e lt m a te r ia l is leat, is 1 7 N /n ın ı2 , d e te n ııin e th e n e c e s s a r y b e lt w 3 1 0 r 6 N /ın 】ıı a n d it w e ig h s 9 7 x th e r a tio o f te n s io n s r m a in s a ıııe fo r b o th h o s s ie d b e lt ? iw A æ u p u e y T be

o sse

æ

a

becau

p uw u

la p

se

an

g le s

a r e s a iııe

10 1 1

Fı G

E qu

a

tio

n s

m

T2

2 m v

2 50

=

D

*Z el

n ı

d

5 00

=

1 8 0 + ZP

-

1

0 3 X 3 T48

M m

a ss =

60

×

/n

b

×

m

m

su ı

-

ıe tr e

_

0 0 06

×

2 14 9 P

=

_

3 7 48

ra

d

1

ß 09

-

/s

m

b\

-

(9

X

T / 9 8 1)

×

10

6

10?

x

d e n s ity , k g lm 3

n ı ln ı

5 9 3 b k g /n ı C e n tr iħg a l te n ó io

17 4 $

1 7 4 5)

2 5 0 x 10 0 0

3

'

×

6 0 x 10 0 0 m

-

(2

18 0 +

=

Æ x

10 0 0

-

2 X 12 5 0

3 0 78

_

ı

=

a re

P

=

Æ d ıı

V

d

ı a

2C

e

=

u se

'

o

-

2

ep

m

×

s in

=

o

2

=

ß

_

T 2) V

r

d

be

vz

T \

(T

to

-

M

a x in ï u m

n

T

te n s io n iıı

-

.

m

v

b e lt

z

. =

(5 T 1

9 3 b ) 13 0 9 -

2

=

10 1 6 b N

b tr :

Scanned by CamScanner

10 2 5

b

0 006 × 1 7 X 10 2 0 0 b N

= =

h l S tlh » tllu lc th e a o v e v a u 10 l(\b In N )h . 3 078

(T

:ŁT )13 0 2

(4 )

m

,

T2

9

=

b II

(1) a n d (2 )

T

-

(4 )

763 9

,

.

1U 2 0 0 6 t)

7 6 3 t)

18 4 h

763 9 0 12 3 m

9 18 4 b

b

-

R

o u n

em P ro b ı

s

10 0 0 0o

7 (»3 9 T 2 = 10 2 0 0 h S u b s titu te in (3 ) 10 16 b 10 2 0 0 b

1c

in E q n

10

;

2

F ro

es

×

de d

o

=

1 0 16 b

=

3 078

3 078

ff to 1 2 5

m

(s ta n d a r d

m

T

a

b le 1 0 1 0 )

10 6 .

bltwccn b e lt a n d fla t p u lle y a r e s a m e a n d e q u a l to 0 2 T h e c r o s s s e c t io n o f the b e lt is 38 田 m w id e a t th e to p , 1 9 m m w id e a t th e b o tto m a n d 2 3 m m d e e p E a c h b e lt w e ig h s 1 1 k N /m 3 a n d th e a llo w a b le te n s io n p e r b e lt is 9 0 0 N H o w m a n y b e lts a r e r e q u ir e d ? It h a s to b c d e t e r m in

e

d

w

h ic h p u lle y g o v e r n

s th e

d e s ig n

4

F IG

10 12

ļį

Scanned by CamScanner

10 2 6

has

g r e a te r

in e th e e u e c u W e h a v e to fır s t d e te r m f h e V b e lt l d in g th e th ic k n e s s o t p u lle y in c u

: 'jk e ' ,

. H

D

900

-

N

o w

a

l

a

2

D

1

s in

þ

(2

+

u ıD o

u

w

o

f th ic k n

'

24

=

18 0

2

=

1 8 0 + ZP

=

° 2 19 5

=

ra

tio

3 83

19 7 4

_

=

2 45

ra

d

d

ra

N

4 18 9

=

s

2

FW

e

_

L

0 2 X 3 83

e

=

=

2 15

回

°

T

L

2

)

s

h fo llo w in g L a rg e r p u lle y g o v e r n s th e d e s ig n W c u s e t e c ity o f T 2 a n d s u b s e q u e ııtly to c a lc u la te th e p o w e r c a p a

T ı

v

m

e a

q u a tio n s to s in g le b e lt

2

(1 )

_

T 2

(T

v

m

2

T 2) V

, re a o

f c ro

=

(2 )

P

s s s e c tio n

o

f b e lt '

-

M

lıın

o

ıe

a ss o

o

f b e ltlm

f b e ltlm

e

(v o lu m

=

周

m

v 2

_

e

×

o

2 50

×

=

a ls o

x

×

1

f b c lu m

e

Ųi c

x

0 0 23 = =

tr c

655 5

6 5 5 5 × 10

)

×

(1 1 0 0 0 19

de

× 10

6

m

6

m

2

3 / m e tr e

n s ity

8 1)

lr c

1 8 00 -

6 0 x 10 00

0 7 3 5 × 2 3 5 62

b 2) h

+

6

10

10

2 3 56

ın

/s

4 0 r7 9 N

g iv e n th a t th e a llo w a b le b s titu te th e a b o v e d a ta in E q u a tio 407 9 900 = Z ß 407 9 Tz a636.78N = 6 3 6 . N It is

w e su

6 0 x 10 0 0

-

×

0 7 3 5 k g lm

一

1r X =

(b r

-

85 5

e tr e

tr e

1

(0 0 1 9 + 0 0 3 8 )

6 55 5

V

Iia t

L ' "

-

fo r

fo r b o th p u lle y s 2 50 °

s

2 X 100 0 ° 19 74 = 14 0 5

×

s in

e

= .

Tj

V

,

o g x 2A 5

회

A

e ss

m

m

92 5 6

1

s in

.

180

T

r

92 5 6

=

2C

3 1

lv e fo

d

.

=

T

:e

12 8 )

x

vc

ffe c t

e

f th e la r g e r p u lle y ,

te n s io n w e e v a lu a te th e

,

=

e te r o

th e

in c lu d e

it is b e tte r to

th ic la ıe s s ,

N N t is T ı - 9 0 0 pe r be ı a ııd s o b e fo r T 2 ・

te n s io n n

(1)

o $￠,

.

Scanned by CamScanner

10 2 7

u s in g E q n (2 ) w e (9 0 0 6 3 6 8 )2 3 5 6 N

u n ıb e r o

f b e lts

b ta in th e

o

,

6201 W

_

q u ir e d

re

a

ıin e

e te m

f

o

a s in

g le b e lt

tts

2 0000 / 6 20 1

°

te ııı 1 0 7 p ro b l

D

p a c ity

ca

4 b e lts

=

th e w id th o f a 9 5 m n ı th ic k l e a th e r b l e t re a t 750 r q u ir e d to tr a p m D ia m e te r o f th e d i r v in

s lip

n o

a ssu m e

a tin g th e c a lc u ı

S in

W

ig h t

e

v e lo c

ce co e

f le a th e r

o

itie s A

ffic ie n t

ssu m

fĤ

o

T2

(T

1

D

-

P a

T

2

1

s in

=

da ef

l

n2)

60 m

(v o lu

=

b up

b

=

2 94

2

e

m

300

3000

×

×

5 74°

b o th th e

r

ds,

en

× 10 00

)×

tr e

de

l

10 0 0 ×

T

i

=

1

◆

16 8 5 °

-

11 8

n s

m

m m

2 94

=

/

ra

d

s

w

2

×

X

11 82

llo

w a

b le te n s io

×

2 46

n ıa x n ıï ım

a

b ta

9 5

b

=

×

2 ? 0 23 b

Z N

1 3 rł 7b ow

(2 3

=

1 3 4 7 1»

z

,

E qn

37b

p d r iv e

ity 3

10

尸

S u b s titu te th e b a o 23 3 7b 1 34 7b T

a ls o th

(2 ) 900

=

10

0 00968b

.

n s io n

5 74 °

-

E)"

-

-

V 2

d

an

id th b is

t

=

9 5

t

_

1000

1 × M

te

d

_

300 × 750

X

团

× ×

2

=

/

e

m

0 968 b

=

a x im u m

2 40

_

Æ

9 5

x

fo

n s a re u se

900

18 0

=

× 100 0

=

ıe

(7 5 0 / 2 5 0 )

×

'

s in

1

=

300

=

_

zp

,:

=

M

P

_

2C

18 0

=

l

V

)V × (n v

d

3

eq

_

2

v

m

q u a tio

e

1 1 0 2 N /c m

p e n b e lt d r iv e

o

tio n is s a n

c

T h e fo llo w in g d e s ig n 2 T 1 m v

e

l x

_

it g p u lle y o f n b N

-

da

v e

m

m

弓

k g/

m

m

°

=

n

23 37b N

in E q n

(1 ) a n d

s o lv e

fo

r

T 2

2 4 15

2 4 15 ,

(2 ) is

9 81

d

n ı

10

一

e

1 347b N

_

ta

m

a s su m

u se

T2

-

10 4 6 6 b

d

10 46 6b ) 1 1 8

=

1 10 0 0

Scanned by CamScanner

b b

e s ig n

76

=

m m

(s ta n d a r d

m m

.

f Id e n tlc a ı3 4 te p C

o

in im

d ia n

u m

ıe te r o

p r o g r e s s io

Ą n a c«

1,

+z

_

ra

n

f th e

o

f

an

o r d in a r y

he re

z

la th e is to h a v e

b 10 p u lle y is to e

con e

￠is o b ta in e d fu

tio

w

ı ey Pu ı

ıe oı

d le

s p in

T h e h e a d s to c k

m

T a b le 10 10 )

10 8

Pro bı em D

72 24

=

is th e

n o

o

cm

st

f sp e e ds

Ą n in 3 7 5 /22 5

34

￠

=

T h e th r e e x

1 29

o n s

=

e tr ic s e r ie s a r e

d s th a t fo r n ıa g e o m

3 0 0 /1 2 9 , 3 00

and

]

rp m

T he

C

sp e e

1 29

中

,

ra

is s h o w

y d ia g r a m

n

in F ig 10 1 3 a

id e r th e Is t P a ir

d2

L

0

o n s

o

f b e lt fo r Is t p a ir , + d) +

2C +

(3 r / 2 ) (D

-

2C +

(Ĵ r / 2 ) (d 2

-

2 x 60 + 15 5 8 1

12 9

1 0 (3 0 0 / 2 3 2 5 ) =

-

2

æ 4C

+ d l) +

(Æ / 2 ) (1 2

cm

4C

9 + 10 ) +

4 × 60

cm

id e r U ıe lin d p a ir

L

2C +

=

15 5 8 1

44 T te n s io

d2

c n ı,

=

-

C

g th

232 5

2

10

-

en

L

.

_

dl dl

n

o

to

=

=

11 4

(Ĵ r / 2 ) (d 4 2

×

c rı ı

60

+

+ Ĵ rd

d 3) + ų

+

D 3 )2

(d 4 0

4C

(L e ııg th be

sa m

to f th e b e lt b a s h c p a if s ) e fo r a ll t ia ıu ů o a )x 【 h e t d e te r ın in e f o

d e te m ıin e th e b e h s e c tio n , w e h a v e to w h ic h th e b e lt is s u b je c te d It is n e c e s s a f y to

exam

in

pa ı

lı e cac

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

r to 3 l

c

-

in g

F IG

10 14

TO O T H E D

( T ıM ıN G ) B E L T

ts a r e a ls o k n o w n a s to o th e d b e lts T h e r e is n o s lip p a g e in T in \ in g h c ı h l n i il tr a n s m its p o w e r a t a c o n s t a n t a n g u la r v e lo c ity r a tio lh c tim in g e t a t l S in c e th c h e lt is to Lì th u d th e r e is n o n e e d fo r in itia l te n s io n a n d b e t k it p o s s ib le t o h c v ic e s S m a lle r p u lle y s c a n b e u s e d T h e te e t m a e lc n s in n in lĮ t ı 8 0 m /s o r a l v e r y s lo w s p e e d s ru n a t h ig h ×p c c d s a s

C

ca m

\1 ĥ

ts

a n

d fo

rm

T im in g tì c lts th e c s h n ť t fr o m

in g te e t h a rc ra n

o n

d in h k s a ft u se

th e p u llc y s m

an

y

a

a re

p p lic a tio

th e n s

d is a d v a n t a g e s lik e d r iv in g a n

e n

g in

e

Scanned by CamScanner

10

H ig h lig h ts 1

A dv

ta g e

an

f b e lt d r iv

o

s

4 ) p ro

g s h a fts th a t te c tio n a g a in s t o

D is a d v

a n ta

c o n n e c tin

2

2) O 3

T yp e s a n d lo

4

B

5

In

lt

e

o se

b e to V

B

7

A dv

u se

a

D is a d v n o

t be

B

lt

an

s lip

R im

10

o

14

ta g e s

v

th e

ber

o

o

x am

d r iv

ce

th e r ,

c o

b e lts

la r v e lo c

itł r h ig h

w

es

v e lo c

r

o

la r g e

an

c an

ity

ra

t d u r a b le c a

d

c an v as

ru

,

to r q u

o re

m

be

ra

T

v

,

th a n

e

5 ) S lip is le

as

fla t b e lts 2 ) D an

d

b e tw

w n ed

to

o

sec

tio n

C

o re

2 ) D r iv e

e

c an

c o ın

p lic a te d 3 ) C a n

th e c o n n e c te d s h a fts 2 ) lo w

een

th e

e

D

,

n a l are a o f

p lo y in g s m a ll c e n tr e f w e d g in g a c tio n

is

m

tio

ly )

c e s

o v erc o m

,

se c

o n

e m

o

d p u lle y 3 )

an

(Ą B

f

be c a u se

e s ig n

d is ta n

c e n tr e

(c o r e

n

fla t b e lt d r iv

th e

ss

n

y lo

c ro ss

e

sam

e r tic a l) 3 ) P o s s ib ility

s

p a c itie s

fin d 1 ) b e lt

o

b a la ta ,

c re e

p a r a lle lis m

n o n

F o r ti 2 ) b e lt

or

E ) 2)

o r

p

d u e to

s lip

fin d 1 ) th e ty p e o f b e lt (H I s p e e d (th ic k n e s s ) 3 ) b e lt le n g th

o

f p lie s T

bber

tio

f th e p u lle y s is c r o c o n n e c te d s h a fts

:

ity

n a t b e lts : 1 ) F o r th e

tr a n sm it

c an

e

tto n

o v er

w

id th

an

d

in a l in s id e le n g th

n om

f b e lts

p le B 2 8 4 5 B is th e ,

D

e s ig n

u s in

w

jjj g o

v en ı

T

e n s io n s

e ıılr

c a l? a c

in

T

,

Lo lo

a

ć,

o r

e

be h dń

,

2 8 4 5 in

n s io n

in

T ig h t s id e te n s io

v e

in itia l te n s io

ifu g a l te

m n ı is

n

,

T

n

,

T

w e r v a lu e

s la c k

ľ

th e n o m in a l in s id e le n g th

s id e

o

f

ra

te n s io n

,

tio o f te n s io n s

T

To

in b e lt d r iv

c re a s e s

th e te n s io n in tiıe b e lt

w

ith o

u

t in

c r e a s in

du

e

to

sam e

s lip v e lo c

an

d

ity

g r e a te r life d ıa iı tlıe th e life o f ť b e b e lt

c re e ra

tio

s b o r te r

p

,

an

w g th e p o

et

2

Internal f cic ū o

e

gal

o

(T i + T 2 y

-

c e n tr ifu

2,

ity

sse s

sse s

c r o s s s e c tio n

g b a s ic e q u a tio n T h e p u U e y th a t h a s lo th e d e s ig n o f th e d r iv e

In iČ l te n s io n

F

c ir c u

d

an

a

o

,

,

y b e d u e to 1 ) n o n p a r a lle lis m f fr ic ū o n c o e fn c ie n t b e tw e e n b e lt m

ber

n u m

I

beı t specification

C

ı6

e a

1) N

:

d fo

o n e

e e n

te n s io n

15

L

f V

o

b e lt d e s ig n

V

E 13

f

n um

3) 12

o

be c a u se o f s li p d r iv e 4 ) S h o r t er

g

F la t b e lt d e s ig n th e

11

gr o

s

u se

v a lu e s

b e tw

sm

y p o s itio n 4 ) H ig h e r

an

c es

ūo

ra

g e iČ

a

s :$

,

(s h a fts

d is ta n

f

o

d fo ,

o is e l e

tio s , in o r d e r to in c r e a s e t he Th e o th e r m e th o d se d a lle r p u lle y a n id le r p u lle y m a y b e u w ill JJJn e d la r g e r p u lle y c o n n e c te d b o v e d s m a lle r p u lle y a n d a H a t r iJ】 y a c tio n in th e s n ıa lle r p u lle y c o m p e n s a te s fo r th e s m a ll la p a n le

b e lt d r iv

b e in

e

f

d ge

e

ta g e

V

,

es:

d is ta n

a te r ia ls :

an

b e lts

9

o

e lt m

3)

to

m e th o

3) N

co st

w

ity

v e lo c

g e t a c c u r a te E ffic ie n c y is l? s th a n th a t

tio n s : fla w

se c

g le

beı t W

6

v

,

c ro ss

an

la r g e d is ta n c e ib r a tio n a n d s h o c k

ic a l

e c o n o m

2) L o

a

t p o s s ib le

no

m o st

th e

is

e

t O p e n b e lt d r iv e c r o s s e d b e lt Č iv e , q u a r e r tu r n d r iv e , fa s t d ń v e Č iv e w ith id le r p u lle y V H a t d ri li ve p u lle y Č iv e s te p p e d p u e y

f be ı t d f iv

o

lo a d s ,

v ef

sp a c e

m o re

s h o r t c e n tr e

la p

8

p ie s

ccu

ı t d r iv

e

a p a rt b y

ar e

l) It is

ge s

1) B

es:

w

in d a g e lo

d fo

o ne

n a łh s s

r

th e

That h

,

lo

ss ,

s am

du

e

e

ss

p a ir

to

in o

p e a te d fle x in g b e a r in g s re

f p u lle y s

g r e a te r th e

c en

,

o

f th e b e ll

ı o n g e r b e lt

tr e d is ta n

ce

m

w

o re

ill b a v e be n 6 11

Scanned by CamScanner

r

ı1 d v a n ta s e s ı A

S

s iz e c o m

C H A IN

.

D R IV E S

t d r iv e s p a r e d to Ĥ a t b e ı n th e s h a fts th a n in b e lt d r iv e s

lo a d o s m a lle r b tw e e n c h a in a n d s p r o c k e t N o s lip e t d r iv e s , c h a in ? iv e s c a n b e u s e d fo r tr a ıffim ittin g n ıo tio n o v e r ik e b e ı ı d is ta n c e s (5 to 8 m ) r a b le rs id e ı o f th e d r iv e (u p to 0 9 8 ) i H ig h e ffic e n c y f ? iv in g s e v e r a l s p r o c k e ts u s in g a s in g le c h a in (F ig 1 1 1 ) p o s s ib ility o

112

D is a d v a

n

)

In c r e a s e in ta k e u p d e v ic e s a

b) P e r io d ic

) N on fa ll o f c h

c

ta g e s c

h a in p itc h d u

n ıa in

un

ifo

a in

)

rm

te n a ııc e ro

d) N o i s y o p e r a tio n e) D e s ig iı ıs m o r e l13 c ha i Đ i n

ve s

spo rt m e c h a ııis n

1

4

c lo c

''

C h a in ? iv e s itie s u to V = p

ta tio

n

is o

re

e

to

w e ar o

q u ir e d

f d r iv e n

f c h a in

(lu b r ic a tio Ą

sp r o c

ke t d u

e

jo in ts a

to

re

d ju s tm c

q u ir in g th e en

ts ,

e tc

h o r d a ıa c tio n

u se

) (r is e

an

f

o

d

'

r e d w ith b e h p lic a te d a s c o m p a lan d w o o d a r e w id e ly u s e d in 】ııe ta e tc ıs , p r iııtin g n ıa c h in l c ity r a tio s a r e e m p lo y e d fo r v e o i s u p to 25 s ıd fo r p o w e r r a t n g aı

c o ın

d r iv e w

o r k in

g

m ac

h in

le s s th a ī ı 1 0 , 0 0 kw

e s,

c

in

h a in

Scanned by CamScanner

112 T he

1 13

co m

(in v e r te d

m

o n

ty p e s o

f c h a in s

a rc

(a )

ru

lle r , (b ) h u s h e d

un

to o th ) c h a in s

d

(c ) ķ il

cn

l

c h a in s (F ig 1 1 2 ) c o n s is t o ılw n r (1 w s o l o u te r hu h u r c fittc «l in to th e o u te r p la te s p a s s th r o u g h ı p la te s l l a r e p r e s s e d in to th e in n e r p la te s T h c c h a in r o u r s m u u n tc t ıo n th r o ll o v e r th e s p r o c k e t te e th

T h e r o lle r P in s th a t a

b u she d

T he ro

lle

c

h a in s

s im

a re

ila r in d e s ig n

p t lh a l th e y h » .

exce

rs

R

lle

o

d b u she d

r an

c

h a in

y be

s m a

e ith e r s in

g le

s tr a n

d

typ e s

S ile n t c h a in s c o n s is t o f s p e c ia l p r o file p la te s p r o file o f s p r o c k c t te e th (F ig 1 1 3 ) A s th c n a m e q u ie te r in o p e r a tio n S ile n t c h a in s a r e a ls o k n o w n a s m

o r m u

. .

tlo

'

lti s tr

aud

d in g Io t h imlics t e y a r c r c la tiv thie y v c r tc d to o th .H

F ıG

11 6

(t o ta

11 2

T he l lo a d

RO LLE R

C H A IN

c o rre sp o n

F IG

ňx

n 3

lle r c h a in s h o u ld b e s e le c te d b y th e tr a n s m itte d tu r n in g fo r c e o n th e d r iv in i d f s h e i o c P a n g ) T a n d b r e a k in g lo a d Q P Q h n , w e r e n is th e fa c to r o f s a fe t T y T h e v a lu e s o f th e fa c to r o f s f a e ty fo r v a r io u s p itc h e s a n d v e lo c itie s o f a r e g iv e n in T a b le 1 1 1 ro

=

c

h a in

s

T

b le ıl 1 F a c to r

a

.

P itc h

Spe e d u

o

f

sm a

ı lc

r s p ro c

s a fe

ty l

kc t

rp m

n

200

400

60 0

80 0

ı 00 0

12 0 0

16 0 0

加国

240 0

7 0

78

8 55

9 35

10 2

l ı0

11 7

ı3 2

14 月

16 3

15 8 7 5

Ħ te b D ia

m e te r s o

D ia n ıe te r

o

D im

he re r ￠s p e c tiv e ı y w

f

p to 5 0

9 5 25

11 7

o

e te r o

,

z

f sm

a

d

ic

Spıucke W

ll \

f la r g e

l an

f

ro c

sp r o c

2 a re

k e t, d r

ke t d z

n u aa

,

be rs

-

-

o

18 0

il 4 )

E s in (1 8 0 / z

l

(1 1 1)

)

P s in (18 0 / z 2) f le a h o ıı « n a ll a a d ta r p

(0 2 ) s kc ı spr o c

Scanned by CamScanner

1 13

do

=

d

=

A

p

=

P it c h

,

=

R

=

Sp

ro c

k e t p ılc h d io

=

Sp

ro c

ke l

/2 d

d do

+ 0 Bd n

o t a r l fc u ı o t fo n

e gı

o

r

lle

d ı cım

r

o u

e te r

ts id e

d ia

11 4

F ıG

i C h o r d a l A c t o tı h d v e r a s p r o c k e t it m o v e s a s a s e r ie s o f c o r s W D e n c h a in p a s s e s o f a c o n t in u o u s a r c a s in th e c a s e o f a b e lt d r iv e T h u s i n s te a d o 1 1 ) 1 d r iv in g s p r o c k e t (Fig h in d o e s n o t h a v e u n ifo r m r a d iu s W h e n i l n e o f c a e r t ı i ce t a v a r y in g s p e e d d u e to t a n t s p e e d , th e d r iv e n r o ta te s a at a co n s r o ta te s i lin e r a d iu s o f th e c h a n u s ly v a r )ńn g o tıtiııu o

113

,

c

V.

.

s

을

n

in

一

(0 ) V a r ia t io fo

田

r

p ro

Fı G

a c

u n

ch

ifo

rm

w

ith

ke t 11 5

D

U V m in

ly

fo

AC

a

in ro

v e

'

c o s

画曲目 :,

lo c it y

t a t in g

u r

T ıO N

,

伍

ļ Č

h

C H A IN

N G E N GA G ı

t

,r

t \ ıi łl

d to tı o f c h a in o ith f iv e te e th s p ro c k e t w h in c re a A s th e n o o t te e t

(b ) R

I (

te e t h

OF

(w 12 )

is

e

d

a n

e c re u s e s

S P RO C KE T

\ie3

14

h

\

Ĵ

n

s es

0

(

ļĵ

ĻČ Z

f h s im ila r t o T a t o r r o c k e t is v e y s h a i t p a c tio n o f c h a in a s it r u n s i o r spro c ke t th e d r iv in g p r s m i rıı W n e n n o n s li s r a w t h p v a lu e p p in g b e lt r u n n in g m m im u m i v a r ie s fr o m a r o ta t l t ıe c h a n f d o e s u n ifo r m l e e h y, t e s p

ħe

w

Scanned by CamScanner

ill n o t r o ta te u n ifo r n ıly u n le s s it h a s th e s a n ıe n u m b e r o f e e th a s th ket th e s p r o c k e t th e v i , Y '" e r s p r o c k e t B y in c r e a s in g th e n u m b e r o f te e th o n ar '

w

,

T a b le 1 1 2 N

u m

be

r o

V

f te e th in th c

a f ia

tio n s

in

c

h a in

spe e

d %

d r iv in g s p r o c lĺ c t

11 9

.

M ln in

ıu m

11

4

17

16

24

le s s th a n 1

A lı ow

a

b le C

en

tr e D is ta

n ce

W h e n c e n tr e d is ta n c e is in c r e a s e d , a iıd e o f c o n ta c t o f th e s m a u er s p r o c k e t in c r e a s e s A n in c r e a s e in th e a iıg le o f c o n ta c t m e a n s a c o r r e s p o n di ng in c r e a s e in th e a r c o f c o n ta c t a n d th e n u n ıb e r o f s p r o c k e t te e th in e n g a ge m e n t w ith th p c h a in (F ig 1 1 6 ) A la r g e r a r c o f c o n ta c t e n s u r e s a m o r e u n if o rm d is tr ib u tio n o f ı o ad th e s p r o c k e t te e th a n d b e tte r c o n d itio o n n s of e n ga ge m e n t

T h e m in in n u « tı a llo w a b le c e n tr e d is ta n c e d e e n d s o n th e p i a n d th e a n g le o f c o n ta c t o f th e s m a lle r s r o c k e t w h ic h m u s t p 2 1 4 r a d ia n s (1 ) F o r n o m ıa ıo p e r a tin ıg c o n d itio w C e n tr e d is ta ııc e a (3 0 50 )p , ıl 1 0 D e s Ęw P in » e e d ıır e

i v e lo c ity r a t o lw n o t be be o

(1 1 3)

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

I\ h

ho m

w

k

,

lric ic n t fó r # u ta k in g in to Ę t lr iv c (T » h lc 1 1 7 )

l th o n r r a n R c

a \ c t \u n

co e

-

\n u n

l n

f ￠ht

lı n

T » b lņ ıı6 ,

give

T h is ta b le n

\

m N

n a tio n

m m r

-

iiiĺ

ın i i r d la m

p

o

N

n* n o a ıı

c tc r ,

iın 9ił,

d,

/S O o

t・h n in « ,

'

ıIo w r ł

d e ıłłiı tt lo

so m o

n r ņ » k ln *

lm

A

i* l m o ılw M «ı

\l,

(łw

m m

m m

z

n ew

iť \ n

08B 1

R 12 7 8

12 7

8 51

30

ı H2u o

o8B 2

D R 12 78

12 7

* 5ı

1o 0

1 14 {1(ı

08B 3

T R 12 7 8

12 7

8 51

15 {i

4 5 ł10 0

10 A

1

R 50

5 8 75 ı

10 16

To

221 1)0

10 A

2

D R 50

15 8 7 5

10 lū

14 0

44 4 0 0

l

10 A

3

T R 50

15 # 7 5

10 ı 6

2 10

60 6U0

)

12 A

1

1 60

19 0 5

1 ı9

10 5

32 0 0 o

1 47

12 A 2

D R ŃO

19 0 5

11 ņ

2 10

6 36 0 0

2 W )

12 A

T R 60

19 05

11 9

5 3ı

9 54 0 o

4 28

N

3

R

o te :

m

tiit H

u

p le x

,

ex = iu p ı

m

T a b le ıl 7 C C fo

o e

ffic ie n t

r sa

P o s it io

n o

oe

M

cı en

l ft»r S u ￥ 1 k

f c h a in d r iv e

g ıio r iz o

k

7

\p ì/ı ı ł

k lı /m

O

m m

tl r «

n ta

W

ı

4 0"

v a lu a te

k

s e r v ic e

fa c to

40°

V

e r tic a

l

2

k.

r,

k, K K K k K 2 3 4 5 6

-

.

o re th a n

U

6

E

M

T

a

b le 1 1 8 L o a d F a c to .

r

,

kt k

Co

n a ta n t lo a

V

a r ia

V

a r ia b le

b le lo a d

ı o ad

T A

a

10 o r

lo a d

w

ith

o r

ı o ad

w

ith h e a v y

u ıin

P ıx c d

ce n

T

l

+ i

a

ild

« h o c k*

1 25

ıh o c ks

ı5

fo r D ı s ta

r

n ce

R e s u la tio

r tr

2

P

k2

1 25

.

a

p

ı1

b le l ı1 0 F a c to r fo o r

n

10

吕 id le r r p r o c k e t t r e d is ta n c e

> ı Z

m

bı e 1 1 9 F a c to

e s u p po ◆u s ta b ı

D riv e

Z

d

r

C e n tr e D is ta

n ce o

f S p r o c k e ts , k 3 k

< 25 p

12 5

.

»

13

z2

六 Ļ

=

と2 0

le lıg th

o r

o r

o

a

-

,

ı ，

(30 (6 o

to 5 0

to

f c b a in in

)p

10 コ

\ m u

o 8

h ip le s

o

f p itc h e s

(n m b e r

o

f lin k s )

Scanned by CamScanner

11 7

(z 2

a

(to a

pp

a

-

p

a

=

y

l

2

2 7r

+

2a p +

-

z

/p

o

im

ro x

te d to

c o rre c

a te

ce n

tr e

a

-

d is ta n

g r e a te

a

in

c e

be

n u m

ltip le s

u

m

r eve n

o

r

)

f p itc h e s

he re

w

,

be

(1 1 8 )

p

P T a b le 1 1 1 1 F

a c

in itia lly

o

p itc h

-

to

fo

r

r

，

a ss u m e

d

tr e d is ta

ce n

n c e

in

m

m

田 田

t h e P o s itio

n

o

f tlıe S p r o c k e ts , k 4 k

in a tio n In c ı h o r iz o

f t h e lin

o

n ta

l

D

f th e

spro c

k c ts t o t h c

6 0°

T

a

1 25

b le 1 1 1 2 L

(o il b a th

o n

tin

ro

p lu b r ic a t io

u o u s

t h e c e n tr e s o

p to 6 0

u

m o r e th a n

C

jo in in g

e

fo

o r

u

b r ic a t io

d lu b r ic a t io

rc e

F

n

to

a c

r

k5

,

)

n

n

P e r io d ic

1 5

T

b le 1 1 1 3 R

a

tin g F

a

a c

to

r

,

k6 k6

S in g le

sh

b le

ift

o

s h ift

f 8 ho

o u

C

o n tin u o u s r u n n

F

A

T he

ıfa c to

1 0

day

1 25

in g

o r th e s e le c t e c tu a

a

u rs a

15

e s ig n

C a lc u la te th e D

8

u rs

f 16 h o

D

o

day

r o

d

c

f

L

o a

d

PT

a s

k.

x

h a in th e b r e a k in g lo

sa

fe ty is

d

a lc l lla te

a

d Q is

as

o

b ta in e d fr o

m

T

a

b le 1 1 6

Q /P T k s

f s a fe ty s h o tl ld n o t b e le s s th a n th e r e c o m m e n d e d o n e g iv e n in T a b le 1 1 1 I f th e a c tu a l fa c to r o f s a fe t y is n o t s a tis fa c to r y , o n e m o r e c h a in m a b d h i i d d t t to e a e e x s n g o n e o r th e c h a in e y p itc h m a y b t} in c r e a s e d 9

tu a l fa c t o

a c

C h e c k fo P

th e b

r

o

r

e a r in

s tr e s s

g

in th e

ro

lle r

u s in

g th e fo

T

b le 1 1 6

rm

la

u

k

X

A w

h e r e A is th e b e

T h e in d u

T a b le 1 1 14

T P it

a

ce

d

a r in

s tr e s s c r

«

a re a

is

co m

b le 1 1 1 4 A llo w Spe ed

m m

g

o

f

ro

a

ta

k e n fr o

p a re d

b le B

ta tio n

o

f

w

e a r in sm a

m

a

ith th e p e r m is s ib le g S tr e s s , [c r ], N lm

ll s p r o c k e t ,

m

v a lu e s

g iv e

n

in

2

rp m

50

20 0

4 00

600

800

100 0

12 0 0

16 0 0

2 00 0

2400

2 800

35

31 5

28 7

26 2

24 2

22 4

21 0

18 5

16 5

15

13 7

9 5 25 ı ı

;

5

Scanned by CamScanner

11 8

!

h a in le n g th o f c

.. to a n

a te th e c a tc u ı be r) e ve n n u m

d to a n e v e n c o r r e c te

Xn uem rbeor of Z1

he re ,

e

SCX

hc s) f b u k s (p itc

i ta n F in a l c e n tr e d s w

・

U

,

u s in

=

c r

g E q u a tio

nx n

,1

,,

w sl a.

ce

+ Z2

2

-

2 an

d M

=

lc u la te d u s in g E n c k e ts a r e c a q s Il 1 c d) o f sp ro i d a m e te r s (p l i e c r h c Ħ t c i d 11 n g th e fo r l u s t e l a u c a c e r m u la c k e ts a id e d a m e te r s o f s p r o a 】ıd 1 1 2 o u ts d d + 0B , d. (1 1 11) e te r S p r o c k e t o u ts id e d ia m ke t p c d o f sp r o c w he re d T a b le 1 1 6 d ia m e te r o f r o lle r ff o m d ,

-

-

=

-

,

u re s C h a in D r iv e F a iı ı e r s a n d P in W ea r of R o ı 1 ı1 ı1 A c h a in h a s a s m a n y p in

11 11

s

it h a s lin k s E a c h tim e a lin k k t w e a r o c c u r s b e tw e e n th e c h a in r o lle r s a n d the a r tic u la te s o v e r a s p r o c e , i t le a d s to a n in c r e a s e in th e p itc h le n g th o f th e lin ks h p iııs W e a r in t e jo n s d in g c h a n g e d o e s n o t T h u s th e e n tir e c h a in le n g th in c r e a s e s A c o r r e s p o n te s fo r its g r e a te r le n g th by h i n o c c u r in th e s p r o c k e t N o w th e c a n c o m p e s a lly o u t o f m e s h (F ig 1 1 7) m o v in g u p a n d o u tw a r d o n to o th H a n k s a n d e v e n tu a T h is is k n o w n a s b a c k s lid in g a n d is a c c o m p a n ie d b y je r k y m o tio n a n d n o ise H o w e v e r th is d o e s n o t a ffe c t th e p o w e r tr a n s m is s io n

jo in ts

a s

,

B

a c

k

o

F IG 11 ?

So sp ro c

k e ts

E FF E C T O F W E A R ON C H A IN S

f te

ė

th

RO LLER

b e c o m p e n s a te d b tbe y in c r e a s in g th e d is ta ï ıc e b e tw e e n d ju s tin g o r s r i Į p p g lo a d in g a n id ie r s r o c k e t w h e n w u a p

m e w ear can

o r

by

a

Scanned by CamScanner

11 9

L in k p la te s a r e m a d e o f c o ld r o lle d m d i e u m c a r b o n o r a llo y s te e ls (C 4 5 , C 5 0 , 4 0 C r l e tc ) a n d a r e h a r d e n e d to 4 0 to 5 0 R C p in s b u s h iııg s a n d le r s a r e m a d e c h ie fly o f c a r b u r iıIn g s te e ls lik e C 1 5 C 2 0 3 0 N i4 ro ı C rl an d 15 N i2 C r 1 M o l s a iıd a r e c a s e h a r d c n e d to 5 0 6 5 R C ,

,

,

,

11 1

em Pr o b ı

e s ig n

h a in d r iv e t o r u n a c o m r e s s o r fr o m a 1 1 k w p e le c tr ic m o t o r 7 9 0 i h t r t a m n e n c o m n r ru p g p e s s o r s p e e d b e in g 3 3 0 r p m T he c o m p r e sso r d is t a n c e s h o u ld b e a p p r o x im a te l 5 0 0 o p e r a te s 1 6 h o u r s / d a y T h e c e n t r e y m n i T h e c h a in te n s io n c a n b e a d ju s te d b y s h ift in id e s g th e m o to r o n s ı D

a

c

,

1

D e te r m in

(T a b le S e le c tio C

n

N

u m

be r

o

一

iz

Z

2

z

2m

(fo

fT

0 p tı m

C

u m

i

=

(3 0

5 0 )p

a

=

50 0

ı ıım

Pm

ıx

Pm

m

R

a

tio

ı a te d fr o

D

r iv e r

,

c

ho

D

r iv e n

西

=

74

(r e c o

c a se

dcd

se n

S pro cke t

n u ııe n

D is ta

Č d fr o

n ıpa ra

10 3

)

n ce

(E q n

a

/3 0

=

5 0 0 /3 0

=

16 6

-

a

/5 0

=

5 0 0 15 0

=

10

a

11 3)

(g iv e n )

-

ss u m e

m

m

m iıı

s ta n

so

35

A

n v

,

p

-

15 8 7 5

th e

v a lu e

d a r d p itc h c lo s e r to p m a r (L a r g e r p itc h is c h o s e n to a r r iv e a t a b u t th is m a y n o l b c th e b e s t s o lu tio n q u ic k e r s o lu t io n d 1 6 6 m m c a iı b e c h o s e n a n d th e s ta n Č r d p itc h b e tw e e n ıo n ım a n b e a r in g p r e s s u r e ) s h o u ld b e c h e c k e d fo r s t r e n g th a n d A

,

S p ro c ke t

r e c o n ın ıe n

ı ı th e

×

m

d b e c a m e in th is p a r t ic u la r th e Č t a g iv e n )

s a tis fa a o r y

e ııtr e

a

,

c o ııs u lte

2 t o 3 ) is

=

2 94

7 4 , is

=

2

b le 1 1 4

10 0 to 1 2 0

=

be

t

o ı ı tı ıe

th o

ee

n o

a s c a lc u

th a

r

一

l

a x

z

ee

lt in g T 25

d

n e e

f T

o

o n su =

4

11 3

r a n s n ıis s io n

2 94

=

r e q u ir e d is 2 9 4

r a tio

3

f th e T

o

n

9 7 0 /3 3 0

-

2

t io

a

n ım

(s ta n d a r d ) is

c

hai

ïo se n cı

Scanned by CamScanner

1 1 10

T

l lo a d

o ta

PT

Pt

-

T

an

v

=

PC

+

s id e

d r iv in g

th e

o n

P,

-

o

f th e

n u m

b e r is

h a in

c

1 0 2 0 N /v

-

o n th e s p r o c

15 8 7 5

9 70

×

ke t

p itc h

x

x

rpm

× 10 0 0

60 ×

h a in

PS

+

e g e n t ia l fo r c N o o f te e t h

25

c

se n

11 61

(T a b le

2 /D R 5 0

10 A

6

h a in to

s s rım e th e c

A

5

b e d u p le x c h o

6 42

_

m

/s

6 0 × 10 0 0 10 2 0 × 1 1

p

ic d ı

C 周

P

=

-

a

ks $

(fo r

m

g

kl

-

k2

-

k3

-

k4

-

k5

-

k6

-

ľ

,

r

=

c

g

(E q n

l ıł v

(T

75 N

se

g g in g n ta l d r iv e -

1 7 8 N /n

P

k

-

w

a

m

ild

17

,

W 1 1 7) (T a b le 1 1 T )

)

ı

B

0 5

×

75 +

53 4

k

PT

=

x

s

k3

1 25

(fo r

v a r ia

18 7 6 4 N

=

k6

k5

k4

k2

53 4 N

=

b le lo a d s

w

ith

T

sh o c k s)

(fo r a d ju s ta b le s u p p o r ts ) (3 0 1 [b e c a u s e w e h a v e la k e n a p 1 (d r iv e is h o r iz o n ta l) 1 (fo r d r o p lu b r ic a tio n ) 1 2 5 (fo r 1 6 h o u r s /d a y w o r k in g )

ı

lo a d

F

a c to r o

=

l

l x

1 25 × l x

×

l

1 6 × 18 7 6 4

f S a fe ly

=

B

re a

×

1 25

=

3002 N

k in g lo a d /D B

-

4 4 4 00 /30 0 2

-

14 7 9

=

1 562 5

赵

a

l

c

1 1 8)

(T a b le 1 1 9 ) (T a b ıe 1 1 0) (T a b le 1 1 1 1) (T a b le 1 1 12) (T a b le 1 1 13)

to 5 0 ) p ]

-

e s ig n

b le 1 1 6 )

a

(E

s

1

D

1 1 6)

m

ıo a d

Kl

sa

h o r iz o

17 4 8 +

-

-

e to

=

6 x

=

s

e s ig n

-

6

0 5

-

PT

k

du

n s io n

w

D

2 1 78 × 6 4 2

=

c

k

n s io n

N

1 7 8 k g /m

一

T

P

tr ifu g a i te

e n

1748

_

1 6

lo a d r e a k in g lo a d e s ig n

4 4 4 10 10 N

=

(T

a

b le 11 6)

r trr ltin g T a b le 1 1 1 , w e fin d fo r s m a lle r s p r o c k e t s p e e d o f 1 0 0 0 p fiīıd fa c to r o f s a fe ty is 1 1 W e n d p itc b 15 ş T 5 m m , th e r e q u ir e d m in im u m is fa c to ry 1 a t th e a c tu a l fa c to r o f s a fe ty is g r e a te r a n d h e n c e th e d e s ig n is s a t

C

o n su

B e a r in g S tr e s s

o lı R o

lı ers

P In d u

ce

d

s tr e s s

-

cr

-

t

p

1 9)

:

.

A

=

14 0

m

m

2

(E \ 1 1 1 6) (T a h le

Scanned by CamScanner

:# ıc

'

m m

t) le s tr e s s l? l - 2 2 4 N /m m z fu r itc h 1 5 8 7 5 田 m tr o m T a t\ le 1 1 14 W m d p c v a lu e h c p c r m i« ih ı tn a n t A llo w

m

19 9 7 N

=

t4 o a

ss

Leib

o

,

?

sm e

a lıs p r u c k c l s »e c d t » l 10 0 0 ï fin u t h a t \h c in d u c e d s tr e s s

f ( h a in

a

a

-

p

o

/p

ce n

-

八c tu

11

le n s th

a

Eaa a C

ff to

1 16 × p

=

1 16

=

1 84 2

8

×

f sm

a

m

e te r s

m

lle r

sp ro c

k e t, d l

P s in (1 8 0 / z l ) 15 87 5

(E 126 6 6

=

d

o

l

o u

ts id e

dl +

=

c iia m

e

Pcd

o

126 6 6 +

f la r g e r

(1 8 0 / 2 5 )

te r ,

sp ro c

-

10 16

8 x 10 16 )

(0

k e t, d 2

-

(T a b le

m m =

1 3 4 78 8

2

=

d2

+

0 Bd,

-

s in

374 0 34 +

(1 8 0 / 7 4 ) :0 8

11 6)

m m

o7z2 ) 15 87 5

=

00

q n 1 1 1)

田 田

0 8 d,

d, -

)

15 8 7 5

X

s in

S p r o c ke t

3 1 49

m m

S p r o c lĺ e t D ia o

r

=

/ p itc h

15 8 7 5

×

8

4

Pcd

be

ev e r n u m

ce

n ce

v

5 12 9 1

an

=

=

-

12

o

f c h a in

o

U is ta

e ııtr e

66 5 + a

(r o u n d e d

1 111 lin k s

d is ta n

50 0 / 1 5 8 7 5

=

=

tr e

(E -

× 10

37 4 034 16 )

=

q n 11 2 )

m m

3 8 2 16 2

m m

Scanned by CamScanner

L

ı1 12

h ť ltw

th e r e s u lts a & g iv e n

\

in k s ; c 1 14 ı

妇

a

50 1 2 6

-

A l

7

2

ııı\

B

-

n

i

e v ia tio n

T h e r e fo

c a se s

re

dz

;

-

fb

D

m m

M

o5:

-

36 8 9 9

-

5 8 10

-

do 2

m m

3 7 7 1 18

=

m m

25 2 T}2

.

-

25

f 2 9 4 is f i fr o m th e r e q u ir e d v a lu e o 7 3 is th c b e tte r d e s ig n h a v iw z 2 o

sa m e

fb r b o th thc

-

ıı2

P r o b le m

4 0 0 r p m is u s e d to d r iv e th c in A ? 5 k w e le c tr ic m o to r r tın n in g a t 1 pu t D e s ig n a s u ita b le r o lı s e m a c h in e l o i r u a f e c s b a p o x o h p f f r h e cr t e g a p s a t o th e g e a r b o x s h a ft to g iv e a n e x a c t s p e e d f c h a in Io c o n n e c t th e m o to r s h a t to i im u m c e n tr e d is ta n c e b e tw e e n d r iv e r a n d r a tio o f 10 to 1 A s s u m e th e m n d r iv e n s h a fts a s 6 0 0 m m

f 7 1 is g r e a te r th a n 17 a c c o r din g = 10 (g iv e n ), if z 1 - 1 7 , z 2 w ill b e g r e a tr r th a n 120 to T a b le tio n a l c a s e , z c an hi x w h ic h is n o t a c c e p ta b le H e n c e , c o n s id e r in g t s a s a n e c e p l b e ta k e n a s 1 1 s o th a t 1

A

.

Z

W ac ce

2

ı1 R 1 1 4 S in c e i c z l

ssm

iz i t

-

ż c

Z2

c a iı n o

p ta b le S in

-

de d

eco m m en

-

10 × 1 1

=

v a lu e s o

1 10

i i is h a s a n o d d n u m b e r b e c a u s e d e v ia tio n n is o d ￠ w e a r is m in im is e d to s o m e e x te n t

t ha v e

ce z l

,

,

not

Pı tc h C a lc u la tio n

.

C

e n tr e

d is ta n

ce a

60 0

-

=

(30 (3 0

5 0 )p to

5 0 )p

6 0 0 /5 0 to 6 0 0 /3 0 , 12 to 2 0 m m p T a k e p - 12 7 m m (s ta n d a r d ) T h e c h a in is 0 8 B 1 (T a b le 11 6 ) i e -

3

.

.

4

.

1Or2 0 N

P

P.

z V

102 0

=

。

07

X

2

lp

h a in is n

T Íį

a ssu m e d

l

6 0 X 1 00 0

X

6 0 X 10 0 0 3 26 m / s

.

m

3 26

c

匪 図 12 7

3 26 2 3 46 6 N

=

=

75

x

p le x

a s im

'

=

=

,

ł

-

0 7 k g /m

(T a b le

IJ

t t 6)

j

Scanned by CamScanner

11 1 ,

l x

l x

1 X

=

D

f S a te ty

o

F a c to r s

lo a d

c s is n

ks X

=

1

=

B r e a k in g lo

a

t x

d

l x

k , to k ,

l

1

-

(u a « u m c d )

.

PT 2 379 38

×

23 7 9 3 8 N

.

18 2 0 0 N

=

(T a b le 1 1 6 ) k in g lo a d / D e s i n lo d a s = 1 82 0 0 / 2 3 7 9 4 - 7 6 5 F o r p itc h 1 2 7 m m , fo r s m a lle r s r o c k c t s p e e d 14 0 0 r m p p , th c r e q u ir e d fa c to r o f s a fe ty w ill lie b e tw e e n 1 1 7 a n d 1 3 2 (T a b le 1 1 1 T h ' ) e a c t u a ıIa c to r o f s a fe ty is v e r y m c h le s s th a n t h c r e q u ir e d N o w w e c h o o se 08 B 2 d u l p ex c h a in w ith b r e a k in g lo a d 3 18 0 0 N F a c to

f s a fe ty

r o

B

-

re a

D e s ig n lo a d w ill h a v e to b c r e c a lc u la te d t o if c e n tr u g a l te n s io n a n d te n s io n d u e to s a i n gg g P

v

-

-

.

Ps

PT D

kw

=

-

-

6

Pt +

P

e s ig n

F a c to

nï

a

lo a d

r o

f

sa

13 2 × 0 6

×

P

+

c

k

=

fe ty

B y in te r p o la tio

1 32 × 3 262

_

s

PT

X

w e

o

w

14 3 +

l x 24 0 8 4

-

b ta in th e

re

=

47 52

-

=

B e a r in g S tr e s s B e a r in g a r e a fo P ı< i<

.

cr

08 B - 2

r

10 0

=

t

=

A

.

_

10 0

o

f

c

h a in lin k s

m

a

y

n o

1 3 2 k g /m

-

g = 13 2 N / m 24 0 8 4 N

s a fe

ty fo

r

iı ı

W

fin d th a t th e

140 0

rp m

2

23 4 7 N / n u n 2

fo r itc h 1 2 7 p m m n ıa y lie b e tw e e n 1 8 5 a n d 2 1 N /m in d u c d e s tr e s s is g r e a te r th a n th e a llo w a b le s tr e s s

T he ill fa iıb y

d

24 0 8 4 N

q u ir e d fa c to r

aı ı d

w

cre a se

13 2

-

m m

in

r

m

as

6

t fo

m

47 52 N

3 18 0 0 / 2 4 0 8 4

-

n

14 3 N

_

23 46 6 +

=

s

=

acco u n

t fa iıb y tc

n s ilc

lo a d in s b u t th e

e

ro

lle r s

an

d p iııs

w e ar

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

1 1 15

m

e tc es 4 Ry p

o

f

c h a iï ı:

R o lle r

,

e

ta l

b u sh e d

d

a n

an

d

w

o o

s ile n

T o fin d 1 ) n u m b e r s ro c e d u r e i n 5 D es g p 2 ) th e p itċ h o f th e c k et an d ? iv e n s p r o P an dp ' an d 5) C a tio n o f s . 4 ! C a lc u ı ,

s e le c te

d

c

h a in

6 ) C h e c k in g th e b e

a r in

w o r k in

d

g

m

ac

h in

e s,

p ir in tin g

m

ac

h in

e s,

t c h a in s o

p in io n s p r o c k e t a n d th e 3 ) S e le c tio n o f a s ta n d a r d c h a in th e lo a d c a r r y in g c a p a c ity o f th e

f te e th in c

h a in

h e g

g p ir e s s u r e in

th e

th e r o lle r

d r o lle r s in c r e a s e s th e p itc h le n g th i Č iv e fa ilu r e s 1 ) W e a r b e tw e e n p n s a n j n h a C 6 k » d is tr ib u te th e k s lid in g (- tip p in g ) 2 ) W e a r o f s p r o c k e t te e th le a d in g to b a c ld b e o d d T h e n u n ıb e r o f c h a in lin k s t th s p r o c k e t tĹ o th n u m b e r s h o u w e a r in a ll e e ll e v e n w ill b e u s u a y l c a r b o n s te e ls a n d a llo y s te e s c o ld r o lle d m e d iu m 1 ) L in k p la te s : C h a in m a te r ia ls lo w c itr b o n s te e ls a n d R C 2 ) P in s b u s h in g s a n d r o lle r s h a rd e n e d to 4 0 to 5 0 5 0 to 6 0 R C c a s e h a r d e n e d to a llo y s te e ls ,

,

,

i

t

'

'

Scanned by CamScanner

12

a n

d

l o f d ir e c tio n a r e d s im ila r e q u ip m e n ts

r e v e rs a

to o ls , a

n

.

re

C LU TC H ES

q u ir e d ,

as

in

th e

c

t

c

f

ve n

ic re s

,

. Ac

k

C lu tc ı ıī yp e s

12 1

l m e th o d a s (a c lu tc h e s c a n b e c la s s ifie d b a s e d o n th e c o n tr o ) l i T he y c an al l t r c a c d e c) e i ı n a h ( c d u a r i n a t c l i h b a e m n u so & m e c an ca , ( ) p y b y w h ic h th e c lu tc h e le m e n t c la s s ifie d , b a s e d o n th e c o u p lin g m e tlıo d s a re v e r r u n n in g , (d ) m i o i f c t n o b r c ( ) t i t i c a o n c ) v t d e ! , e n ga ge a s , (a ) p o s , \ c tic a n d (e ) H u id c o u p lin g Pı a te

ı2 3

o r

D is c C ı u tc h e s

itte d b y fr ic tio n b e tw e e n o n e or p la te c lu tc h th e to r q u e is tr a n s m b y a n a x ia l thr u s i i m o r e p a ir s o f c o a x ia l a n n u la r p la te s m a in ta n e d n c o n ta c t t B o th fa c e s o f e a c h p la te a r e n o r m a lly e ffe c tiv e s o th a t a s in g le p la te c lu tc h h a s tw o p a ir s o f s u r fa c e s i n c o n ta c t A c a r c lu tc h c o n s is ts o f a s in g le p la te e ffe c tiv e o f a s in g le o n b o th s id e s F ig u r e 1 2 1 s h o w s th e s im p lifie d fo r m p la te c lu tc h In

a

l lo a d is a p p lie d b y m e a n s o f s p r in g s a n d th e c lu tc h p la te is fr e e t o s lid o o n th e s p lin e d e n d o f th e s h a ft T h e r e ıs a k ic tio n lin in g o n e a c b s id e o f th e p la te a n d th e to ta l a x ia l lo a d i5 tr a n s m it te d th r o u g h b o th p a ir (ıf s u r fa c e s T h e v a lu e o f n o r m a l p r e s s u r e (a n d h e n c e a x ia l lo a d fo r a c lu tc h o f g iv e n d im e n s io n s ) is lim ite d b y th e r a te o f w e a r th a t c a n b e to le r a te d in th e lin in g s T he

a x ia

F IG

12 4

M

u

12 1

S IN G L E

P LA T E

C LU T C H

ltip le D is c C lu tc h

H ig h e r to r q u c lu tc h e s (F ig 12 2 )

e

ca

p a c ity

can

be

o

b ta in e d b y

m

e a i ıs

o

f

m u

is c ltip le d

Scanned by CamScanner

12 2 ,

Fı G

12 2

a a S a r c uauaN s to e l a n d a r c in s e r te d o n th c a p lin e s o l s h e n ıa h o w Tho plıte il a x iıl m o v c m c n l (e x c e p t fo r th c la ķ t d is e ) T h c p la te s tlh o w n a s B ( to pe rr , ual\y b r o n z e a n d a r e in ó c r tc d in th c s p lin e s o f m e m b e r D '

w

\l3

,

D ııı ıp F o n T

P /ł

sıu

l*

a

-

to r q u e c a p a c ity , N m

-

a x ia

l fo

co e

ffic ie n t

-

.

rc e

«» f

fr ia io

n r a d im

fr ic tio

-

N

,

R

R j

+

o

=

R R t

=

o

i

tp

ı o

2»

ra

-

bc r o n u n ı

1

p

+

ra

=

łtııb c r o n ı

-

n u m

f c o n ta c t o

d

u n

a ssu m e

ifo

rm

)

d to b e

u n

ifo

rm

)

(12 3 )

s u r fa c e s , m

a u r fa c e s , m

f s w fa c e s in

c o n ta c t

a te s f d r iv in s p ı a le a o f 卤肉陀 n p ł

ber

Ą (B .

o

assu m e

f c o n ta c t

is

ssu re

(1 2 2 )

1

n

m

he n

o

(H $)

ta c t p r e

is

ear

f p a ir s

-

i

co n

d im

d iu s

im id e

w .

(if w

-

m 2

F

dc

o u

ŝ

-

(if th e

n

p

・

-

a n t a ge

R i)

p

« a ıa r e

(1 2

5a )

Scanned by CamScanner

自己 23 ı 2

-

p m in R

rr

(R

.

(fo r (M a

a x im u m

t th e

p r c ßs u r e la r g e s t r a d iu s

R u

.

ifo m

u n

ır s a t o cc ı

er

=

cT

n

F rı e tlo

ı ıM a

tb e

s n ıa

lle s t

ra

n

(12 Sb )

)

d itıs M iııim

u m

p re ssu

) h

ı2

ıw e a r a s s u n

ıp tio

te r la lı fo

traft tor q u e ,

s

sp e e d o

-

r

N

re o ccu r

s

12. )

m

(

f r o ta tio ıı, r p n

ı

tc h e ı Cı ı ı

fr ia io n m a te r ia l s u Tta b le fo r c lu tc h e s s h o u ld p r o v id e a hi gh ic ie n t o f f r i a r e s is t s e iz in g o f th e n ıa tin g s u r fa c e s a n d h a v e a lo w W e c o e f【 ife r a te to g ı a r a iıte e a lo n g ı ł A

p *a te s to Ħ o v id e b y tb e r e d u c e d w c lu

a ıı a

d e q u a te to r q u e c a p a c ity T h e s e d is a d v a n ta g e s d in c r e a s e d h e a t d is s ip a tio n

a re o

ffs e t

ear an

tc h e s

b e d e s ig n e d to o p e r a te e ith e r ' d r )ť o r " w e t " A u to m o tiv e c lu tc h e s o f s in g le p la te \ d 17 ť a iıd n ıu ltip le disc o p e r a te ı ı " T h e o il s e r v e s a s a n efective c o o la n t c lu tc h e s o p e r a te w e t D ió c

T

a

'

c a 】ı

b le 12 1 p r o v id e s

a

p p r o x im

a te

d a ta fo

r lı se

in d e s ig n

"

c a lc u la tio n s

T a b lje ı2 1 C

o n ta c t ıu

d

/ł

a«e

A llo

w a

p re s s u W

e a r in

O p p o ıin g

g

W

c

t

(fric tio n m a te r ia

M

o u

C

M Pa

ld e d

Sm

o o

r e d m e ta

l

th c a * t

o r

..

o rk

a ıt im

haM

Į2 7

A

n

,

..

23

.

C

i

0 09

0 25

0 45

1 03

2 07

O I【 )5

0 08

0 ß

0 45

1 03

2 07

0 ß

0 25

0 03

0 5

0 5

0 095

0 12

0 16

0 2

0 3

0 34 5

0 62

O 09

0 06

0 15

0 25

0 69

1 72

a ec l

p a r a m e te r in th e Č s ig n o f c lu tc h e s is th e T h c e o m m o w u óe d v a h e s r\ 0 4 5 R to R - O B R o i

)cu ts id e r a d iu s

R

0 06

l

W o od

C

re

D ıy

li

ir o n

S in te

b le

on e

ra

tio o

f in s id e

ra

d iu s

to

i

.

C lııte h e s (1

2 3 )

Scanned by CamScanner

12 4

sem i o n g l*

cm

Fo nte

F IG If

hence

a

T o rqu e w

T

a -

ca

12 3

,

(d i闭lc t?

,

p a c ity , T

he re

.

-

F lt R

a

=

lśl lh

" . °L

m

(fo r

u n

w

R

he re R

a x ia

ifo r m

-

m

l fo r c e

-

pÆ

o

+

w e ar

(fo r

ĺ

un

y in d is e n g a g in g ),

ifo r m

p re ss u

.

.

2 R (

R

(fo r

un

ifo r m

r e la tiv e

n en t

ty

d

cu

e an

irı th c l to tb c p a r a lle

c o ta

p

co n e

ıi?

n o tio n r o ta r y ı

c lu tc h o

f th e

(12 9 )

p re s8 u re )

re

In d e r iv in g th is r e la tio n , 4 is a s s m e d R e fe r to F ig u r e 1 2

fo r c e c o n ı po be tw e e n c o n

2 7)

R

n o

co n e

d

(12 8 )

)

R

12 9

) 0

Ja

. . lı e

lo th e fr ic tio tıa l to r q u e ) q u ir e d to d e v e p (fo r u n ifo r m w e a r ) p = 2n p n (R . R j) R i R ii R . 2 tr . an d to e n g a g e th e c u p ar M a x im u m a x ia l fo r c e n e c e s s y

(fo r c e

re

i

g

þit

=

=

C LU TC H

8 ° th e c lu tc h te n d s to g r a b 8 ° to 1 5 ° , is r e c o n ım e n d c d <

s u ıa

F

CO N E

(1 2 (12 co n e

b e tw

i8 d u c to th e

10 a ) 10 b )

,

(1 2 een

cu

s lid iııg

1 1)

p

an

d

ac

tio

n

co n e

Scanned by CamScanner

\z S ,

12 4

Fı G

lı \ o

Serd

.

m o v e r to

q

th

o r

ue

t

W w

F ı«

rs ı ı

ı o a d fr o m

o r d e r to s tu t a

In

g r e ・tc r

ce

ı o ıd to q ło m im l m ı

to r cł uq

hcrc T

n o ın in a

-

o

pe

w

k

ld h a v e d l pe a k o a s sho u

c lu tc h

ith th e

C h ır a c u d s d c

■

Pm

o r w

b e lı ıp u w e

d \o

m

ca

p a c ity 12 )

fa c to r

r

b«

F a c to r l k ı

k,

Fb r be ı t u

dire«rcoupling

m o üo r

a

ld h a v e

(12

em s ￥s ł

Bı e c tr ic

u tc h s h o u a cı

ıto r ￠ł uc

f d r i* itıı

e c *r c o a ıı

it,

r a te

T

D r h re r

T ıb k w

acce

th e

u le to c o =

d

a re

ue

s e r v itx

-

1 )p e

T ] ı

re s t a n

ın ım

i« io

nı

is

d

d ir e c tly 0 33

O L5

im

M ıe 勃in n s w it缸 lo w 创投姓 ia ı心 晖 囟 啼 聞 齟 緘 0 33

e«

T bbı e U 3

m

ııa

ı »

= =

k a

n

H

e tıł白 姥 岫 喀 國 曲 c虹ia e 犹 自 然 而 ぬ n 冈 電 胃 陉 ı回创 出島 细画 臼 叫办 加 呐旧 瞑 目 中ıı圈 朗 砥 個 刷 園 战 细 目 咛 輸 國 岫 図 県 宇目阗験 宇■ 阳宇民 b ı目* y d * i画民 创 良

ï

ac F

ı￠l e r

l

ı ia

M

ı6

Scanned by CamScanner

月

如

国 12 6 .

T a bı 2 4 W e ı

Ir

io"

n rp ı

IŁ

-

i0 lı

N o

ľ

400

.. .

e 12 S » r e q u e n c y T n bı '

B O Z

.0 0 0

14 00

16

32

48

%

03 5

0 75

09

12

# 2 ?r p m

-

Jr p

-

A

R

ax

i l«

R

a

18

2 00

(a s s u m

in g

ifo

u n

rm

w e ar

)

t

n

i4

-

In p

L

m

te r ia l r u b b in g

a

N /n

C a lc u la te th e d e s i n to r u g q T [T ]

a

g a irıs t s te e l

2

ım

(T (T

/l = 0 0 6 R e p la c e T b y [T ] d e s ig n to r u e q , 2 [T ] = 1 r x 1 4 × 3 0 (5 0 X )2 ) 3

480

hl

ld e d fr ic tio

14 M P

IT

K i) 14

.

R i (R

m lx

=

m

24 0

ą

ss u m e m o u

Pm

18 00

f o p e r a tı o n F a c to r k , «

o

.

į

F a c to r , k 3

ew

.

×

0 06

×

\

a

b le 1 2 ] )

a

b le 1 2 1 )

1 2 66 0 5Snı

=

p

e

=

=

kl

+

kl

-

k2

-

k3

-

k4

=

k2

(fo r e le c tr ic m o to r ) 1 2 5 (fo r ıııa c h in e to o ls ) 0 3 8 (fo r i4 0 0 r p m ) 0 9 (a s s u n ıin g 4 8 e \ g e n ıe n w 1 25 +

0 38 12

60

4

LT ]

.

2n X 3 03 T

=

so hre f or

t

tp

an

n .

d

3 03

N

Um

20 34

hc r

o

=

×

ber

n u m

3 03 X 8 5 × 10 3 -

k4

+

0 5

0 5 +

=

k3

+

-

\

=

2 ?r

X

14 0 0

85

×

10 3 N

o

o

a b le

12 2 )

a

b le 12 3 )

a

b le 12 4 )

a

b le 12 5 )

3 03 60 « s

öJ w n ı

ı n m

f pı a te s

12 6 6 0 5 ×

_

2 1 p a ir s

f p la te s

0 9

+

)

s h ift

(T (T (T (T

%

f fr ic tia a ł s a c e s +

1

=

22

Scanned by CamScanner

P*o bı em

12 2

le a th e r fa c e d c o n ic a l c lu tc h h a s c o n e a n g e o f 3 0 ° T h e r b e tw e e n th e c o n ta c t s u r fa c e s is lin ıite d to 0 3 5 N /n ım z a iıd th e b r e a P e s sllr e d t"h o f the c o n ic a l s u r fa c e is n o t to e x c e e d V 3 o f th e m e a n r a d iu s F in d t T o f tlıe c o n ta ď s m fa c e s to tr a n s m it 2 2 k w A ls o . . a t 2000 r p m "Ce r e q u ir e d to e n g a g e th e c lu tc h T a k e c o e ffic ie n t o f fr ic tio n a s 0 1 5 A

ĥ

-Ř °n '

N

in

o m

P

T

C

l to r q u

a

60

=

2n

a lc u la te

A

]

22

x

2n

n

W

=

卢

亀

=

s ın

a

=

(fo r

25 u n

ifo

F 2 6 2 5 x 10 3

4

.

G

e

t

a '

0 15

x

_

HR i

l

rm

R

R

10 5 0 9 N

2 00 0

X

2 5 262 5 N

=

10 5

×

a

(R

10 3 × 6 0

×

=

d e s iæ to r q u e e s e r v ic e fa c to r

ssu m

[T [T ]

e

o w e r x

=

m

w e ar

15 °

=

-

(

se m

(R

=

n ı

+

o

2n P .

"

2 n x 0 35 (R s in

-

15

i

(E q n co n e

a n

g le

)

12 8)

R i) / 2

(R

.

R i) R i R uR

.

,

TR

(E .

+

q ° 1 2 10a )

1

R ,

°

4 0 9 23 3

latioŢbetween R .

an

d R

i an

d

su

b s titu te in E q n

(F ig X

E q u a te

m

12 3 )

(1 ) (2)

1

(g iv e n )

3

13)

(2 ) a n d (3 )

s in a

6

0 2 588 6 6 R 0 2 5 8 8 R . i + 0 2588 R . i 6 2 58 8 R o R i - 1 0 94 R s T4 2 i E q n (4 ) is s u b s titrıt e d irı (1 ) 2 (1 0 9 4 R R i = 4 1 19 2 3 3

6R

旧

R

Scanned by CamScanner

:! Ì

12 8 fo

￡

oC

m

q u ir e

d to

-

F

FP

-

337 7 8

re

Fo r c e & F.

(E

40 1 2 8 ) 12 8 2 rr X 0 3 5 (1 3 3 7 7 8 N T h is is th e fo r c e

.

tď q

(A x ia l fo r c e )

re G

+

en

g a s e th e

o p th e fr ic tio q u ir e d to d e v e ı

(E

3 3 77 8

×

0 15

)

n a

l

h

t a

co

+

c lu tc

re

a

q n 12 10

=

X

co

t b

° _

q n 12 n

)

52 6 8 7 N

12 3

ı n eı

1 A d a l fo r ic e

F

JF p

=

R

(R

(fo r Jr

-

ı Ten

T

ue

R 7

23 5 6 2

-

=

ifo

n ıı p r e s s w

q n 12 4 )

(E

q n 12 1)

)

c

23 56 2 N

=

capacity Fp

=

\ )

(10 0 ?

0 1

x

u n

(E

n

f

{o

×

p 3

o

9 16 3 0 N

o u n

\

o

o

3l

×

Ŝ

{

'

.

ı

Po w

er c apa

f th e

c

h ttc h q -

气 鳥 ・e 自쇠뇨e 窿 fe r m a c h iı łe

°

9 1

ra

w a

50 0

×

us

自 阻 심ヒ目 眩细目

is

ac ceı era e

a a c e le r a q T Đ r i? c r h s a fi to « u e ł 9 1 J6 3 a

4795 3

x

d to

500

r

{r o ın

pm

z e ro

T

o r q ııe

Ic r M

-

=

M ıo f

as$

ıx

ııa c ı

b in

c

x

a q N

e r a itio a a cc eı

a

d /5 2

Scanned by CamScanner

12 9

W

kn

e

t h a t, .

ow

50 0

× 20

9 1 63

.

60 t

0 57 1

=

ı ı g le tu r n e

t

(u

=

(d r iv e r

ru n s a

g le tu

n

×

2n

::Ĥ

(u

o

a

2

Ŝ

t +

2

t

ce

n

-

w o rk

-

T

(O i

A lte r n

a

W

do n

o rk

ac

n e r gy

d ia n

ra

s

)

2

e

Oz)

a)

' .

14 9 5

w a

e

y

o

ra

×

0 57 1

d ia n

f fin d in g O z

H

m

9 1 63

p p lie d to th e

o

to

m

2

re st

m

do

14 9 5 )

a c h in e

-

to 5 0 0 r p m

X

w o rk

(2 9 9

0

・

.

r

-

o

s

a c c e le r a te s fr o

b y th e =

9 1 63

x

2

į

do n

n e rgy su

K E

ıa c h in

)s t

. er

th e r

an o

th e

29 9

t

a

-

T h e r e is

=

d)

a c c e le r a te

d b y th e d r iv e n

rn e

=

s lip

a īıg u la r v e lo c ity

ifo r m

t un

1

S in

is

0 57 1

x

60

=

E

O

-

t

X

d b y th e ? iv e r d u r in g

=

02

E

,

se c

50 0

01

E

itıitia ] v e lo c ity

-

.

«

th e tim e th e d tiv e n

(d u r in g

A

t,

a

on d ls s lp a tı

n erw

A

+

.

i a tta in th a t v e lo c ty

ta k e n to

E

("

-

T0

n e

o n

d ia n

s

th e

m

a c

13 6 9 8 6 N

=

2

,a

,

in 0 5 7 1

h in

e

m

9 1 6 3 × 14 9 5

-

se c,

=

136 9 9 N

m

tiv e ly , e

b y th e

q u ir e

ı o st

m o

d b y th e

=

2 7 39 7

to

r

m a c

-

h in

T 0i

-

9 1 63

×

13 6 9 N

m

29 9

=

2 7 39 7 N

m

e

ßT0 8

=

Scanned by CamScanner

12 10

H ig h ı ig h ts C lu tc h is

a

c lu tc h e s

3

5

F r ic tio n

s

w e a r r a te

6

e

co e

gu

t c lu tc h : T

tftc ie n t

n um

8

to

C

ber

f

o

aran

c lu

ü n e

o

c lu tc

tc h

d is e n g a g in g 9

fo

H

o

tr a n

to

to

th e

an

d to r nq un

n

lo

n

d is s ip a te n

an

h p la te

s

a

l):

o

)

a

th

f

p ljn g b e tw

o

f

ld p r o v id e

a

c a

n

p a c ity

n ıa c

,

d d is c o n

an

h in

to

e

h a n ic a l b ) pn e m

g life e

tio

h ic le s

v e

m ec

th e b a s is

s sho u

c o nn e c

ill

w

c lu

een

u n

ifo r m

) h ig h h ig h

ar e

tc h

a

o

tic

e le n ıe n

tio

n ec

ls

an

n

o

d

an

f tw

s im

o

ila r

d h y d r a u lic

ts )

a

)

p o s itiv e

w e ar

ffic ie n t

co e

o

f ffic ū o

b ) lo w

n

b u t h e a t d is s i ti p a o n is

n ıo r e

th e

h e a L a lu b r ic a n t is p r o v id e d T h is R e d u c e s th d th e to r u e c e a r r y in q g c a p a c ity T o c o m e n s a t f rh is e p o T :ł c an b e u s e d (m u lti l p e d is c c lu tc h

)

ic o

se m

e n c e

o o

'

r s

c o u

o n

a

tc h e

sm

12

c as e

c o n tr o

e

lo a d fr o

s ta r t a

g r e a te r

th e

te

S e r v ic e ra c to r : T h e d e s ig n tu r q u e T

in

c lu

If th e

:

p e r a to

r

f fr ic tio

o

o

lly d e s i n e d g

D r y c lu tc h : F T ic tio d iffic u lt W

7

u su a

a te r ia ls

m

b le

(a c c o rd in g

n

a re

sa

(a c c o r d in g

n

C la s s ific a tio

C lu tc h e

in d is p e n

are

C la s s ific a tio

4

p lin g th a t p e r m its th e

co u

=

n o m

n e

g le

an

a

,

,

is

le

th a n

ss

8

° ,

8 ° to 15 ° in

t

a

l to r q u

is

e

m

u ltip

lie d b y

a

se rv

ic

th e r e

e

is d iffic

fa c to r to

o

İ y

ıı t

b ta in

th ł

d

a c c e le r a te it w ith o u t s li p tl] e c lu tc h s h o u ld h a v e g c a p a c ity th a n th e n o m in a l to r q u e A ls o if th e t o rqu e itte d is o f v a r y in g n a tu r e in o r d e r t o tr a n s m it th e e k to r q u e a M g h e r p a c a p a c ity is r e a u ir e d

to r q u e

m

re s

a n

,

c a r r y in

,

sm

,

,

to r q u e

10

D

e s ig n

n um

1ı L ra

be r

ar ge

,

d ia l

(e g

o

f

c lu

tc h r e

o

f d is c s in

s in

e p la te gı

sp a c e

sc o o

te

is

r) w

av

q u ir e s 1 ) th e th e c a s e o f m an

d

a b le a iı

co n e

Sm

c aı c u

u

c lu tc a

ı l

la tio

n

o

lttp le d is c

he

f th e d im c lu tc

h

a iıd

u se

d in

fo

multipleisc

c lu

tc h e s

h e r e th e r e is lim ita tio

s

n

ar e

o n

ra

d ia l

e n s io n s

u r

3) w

o

c la m

h e e le r s

are

u se

f ttıe d is c 2 ) th e

p in g fo w

d in

h e re tw o

rc e

su

ffic ie n t

w

h e e le r s

sp a c e

Scanned by CamScanner

ţ

ı3

]3 2 .

B

,

a se

d

th c

o n

BRAK Es

.

tin g s y* te n m

a c tu a

h y d r a u lic b r a k e , (b ) e le c tr ic b r a k e 13 3

M

.

e c h a n lc a

an

d

th e

(c ) m

b r a ke s a r e c ı a « s ifie d h i ec a n c a l br a ke

C

.

(a )

ıB r a ı ĺe e

a ) C a lip e r d ió c b r a k e b b lo c k b r a k e , (c ) b a n d b r a k e , , ( ) b r a k e a n d (e ) e x te r n a l a n d in te r n a l ıh o e b r a k e a

13 4

In to

(d ) b lo c k

an

d ba ird

lı p e r D lıc B r a lū e

a

T h is b r a k e i6 c a p a b le o f a lıig h to r q u e c a p a c ity in a s m a ll s a c p e a n d c an c a $ ily c o n tr o lle d T h c h e a t c a n b c d iM ip a tc d r q id l M h a n ic a l 自白 e c y (r e d u c tio n in fr ia io n c o e ffic ie n t a t e le v a te d te m p e r a tu r e ) is a b s e n t F o r th e a b o v e r c a s í ] n s d is c b r a k e s fin d w i? * r e a d w in fr o n t a x le s o l p a s s e n e r p g c ar s a n d m o to r c y c le s B ic y c le b r a k e s a r c th c b e s t k n o w n e x a m p l s in w ĥ c h the w h e e l r im c o m titu te s lh c d is c

bc

13 3

.

re spe c

P ig u r e s 1 3 1 tiv e ly

d 13 2 ıh o

an

th c c h a r a ıc te r is tic s o

w

f d iıc

F r ia io lı tiııh ıg o n tb e p a d ı c o n ta u ı o ııl a * m a ll y le a v in g th e r e m a in Č r e x p o ıe d to d iııi a tc h e a t In th e p th e h e a t d h s ip a io n a r e a is m u c h ım a lî a s * h o c s fr ia i o ( Č u m o v e r a la r g e a r e a 13 6 .

.

br a k e s ı3 7 a

T h c to r q u e

Sou

.

,

v

p o te n

ıin e d

u ıd c ı a m

u s in

g fo

f tr a ııs la tio

ı ł

io c ity a t th e lin ıe

w

ı eł e rgy o

) P o te n tia l e n

ı3 3

p a c ity

rm

吕

f r o ta tio n

e rgy

ł ł fr ,

-

fr ia io lı fo r c e

-

-

P

f th e d is c s u r fa c e c a s e o f Č u lı ıb r a ke s n lin in g ) c o n ta a the o

p in g fo r c e r e q u ir c m iłı a i s im ila r to th o ls c

ts o c ıı o

f

c a li\

f d is c

d is c

tc h e s c hı

=

ļ

M v2 2 o f a p p *y in g th e b r a k e ı 2 lu -

Weig

(

H æ t Gıe r ı￠e d b B irı\h eı is tia l) It i吕 a ls o g iv e n H

d d r u m b r a ke s

r E rı￠r a y to b ￠ A b ıo r b e d

e iı c rgy o

-

b ) K in e tic c

rces o

) K in e tic

w n e rc

ca

b e d e te m

an

×

V

/￠R

-

x .

ru

V

v e r tic a

x e

b b in g .

=

c o e ffic ie ı tł o

P

-

A

A

-

q u a l to tlıe

ce

)

e n erg y a

v e lo c it y

*p A V ı

Þ

l d is ıa n

b s o r be d

or

(

(d

w H ts

f fr ia io tı

a«e rqge

p n e s * u r q N lm

2

.

,

Scanned by CamScanner

13 2

a

}q # } t e

r« m

po

ın

o t\

d ın c \

N

P o s ￠d

«

13 1

F IG

H

￠o

t

36 0

) o n s ıo n * «ł

D IS C

to

o rm q

l to ￠rc e

d ıs s ıp o te h e a t

BR A KE

・

Æi

H ıa

Fe d

d

e

is s * e

360

o tio n

tı * c t

O

u *

..

I io

n

*

*e

41» N o

t o ￠ th

d p o t i o n fr o d

*

ru m

S łb o e

s

m

th e

n » i« lıp s u ń o c e i d is s ip a tio n e

th

e

回国 口

(2 » H

R G

H *

d

P t sw

eat

Be

l

DR U M

*

ı

II

lm l t * d ı

to

ıı ad

io l d it e c tn

n

B R A KE

B a s e d o n th c te s t r e s u lt s d de pe n ds o n p ro d u c t p v im itin g v a lu e s o f p v h a v e b e e n o b ta in e d T h e y a r e p ir ic a l ı

n e r a tc

em c

13 2

e e

d in T a b k 1 3 ı

Scanned by CamScanner

13 3

T ( »w

a

m t m g c o n đıt ı

o n t in u o u &

ľ

13 9

M

sc

bı « 13 1 .

&

o n tï n u u u s s c n r c e

C

*

,

￠

1 o5

po o

b * * t ￠W t ı\ m

r

w

it \ n w ł d is s iı

w

rd

2 1 1 o

ıt h

t \ı

a & ın

li ı a n d d is s ip a ı c s th k in e tic a ııd p ( \ tc n a ) e b r a k e a N m b łi e n e r 9 / ( d r o y (b u r n ) b t h e s i t a s e t r u a r r a ke m pc h l c i h i h w t dcwlopin g r e s u lt in p h e a l w t t in c r e a s e d h y (a ) in c r e a s in g lhc ty t a n tx ca N ci i n i t o i d a s s H t f l a e its e p h a ir n o w p a s t th e s \ ) in c r e a s in g t c ltn s (ł i e s b ! p n tv iu n g c x Ħ ì s e d s u r fa c e a r c a t tin g p a r ts a n d b i t t ) n o f lh e r o a i \ a n m u i b in c r e a s in g th c a r p p g a s in th c m a s s a n d s p e c ific h e a ı yi s u r fa c e s i in c r e o g t r ic tio n s a n d (c r e m o v in g a ir n o w r e s h h i t a f o s t e s c e a s t a r i u s o n r f i t o h c a r i ge im m c u ia te c o n ta c t w t p ır ts t h a t a r e in c ity is in c r e a s e d w i m is T h c b a s ic h e a t d is s ip a tio n c q u a t \ (13 2 ) H d - C A r A t w a tts W i lim e r a te o f h e a t d is s ip a t o n h e H .

A

,

,

er

w

,

-

d

c

o ve ra

=

2 9 5 fo

-

e

=

A t

\

e

a ve rage

-

A ın

.

4 0 °C

=

d in

an

te m

pe

ra

tu r e o

b ic n t te m p e r a tu

ı ĺ irı g C

ra

) sh o

u

°

re

,

a

p a c iw

ffic ie n t T a b le 1 3 2 co e

M

a te r ia

M

e ta

l

W o

o

Le

th e

a

d

F ib r e A

s

u an

o n o n

m c ta m e

r o n

d

m e ta

ir e s

o

ax

ta l

l

l

o n m e ta

ra

w

a x im

ı

m e ta

A s b e s to s b b ra s s

m

M

o n m e ta

re

o

ıo

n

a re a

2

,

n ı

l in

o

ca s t

k e lin in g n m e ta ı

k

.

iı

iro

n

w ıt h

in

o

in te

iı

°

C

u n

n

(b ) s h o u ld

n

r e s is ta n c e

re

um

p r e ssu

T

a

b le 13 2

e

w

T

fa c

sw

it p r e s s u r e b e tw e e n t h c b r a k i彆 d a b ility to d is s ip a te h e a t e q u iv a le n t to

po

v a lu e s

ge

a v e ra

l

b e s t«ts

S in te

p e r m is s ib le f fr ic tim , a n d

m e

2 0 0PC

=

C

ld h a w

So

A t

r

(r a d ia lin g ) s u r fa c e

M g h c o e ffic ie n t o f fr ic tio ° s h o u ld h a w r e s u p to 3 00 C a t te n ıp c r a t tł M g h h e a t c o n d u a iv ity a

p lto 4 4 fo

f h e a t d is s ip a tin g

d e p e n ds sı ır fa c c Ļ t h e c o e flic ie n t o f fr ic tio n th c e n e r g y b e in g a b s o r b e d B r a k e ıi 皿 in g M a te r ia ls 13 1 1 B

ı3 ı&

c re a se s u

d is s ip a tin g

d he a t

)

,

a

s

-

t

At

r

2 K ftic ic n t W /(m

r co e

t

t

=

ts

ll h e a t tr a n s fe

° ,

C

re

to

b r a k in g c a p a c ity fa d e , (c ) s h o u ld h a v e ta in

fo r o p e r a tin g te m p e r a tu r e s fo r b r a k e m a te r ia ls a r e g iv e n in

,

lt

pm

aĄ

N /m

3 15

0 25

14

65

0 25

0 48

65

0 35

0 17

15 0

0 17

26 0

04

0 34

26 0

0 15

2 8

m

0 T7

ľ

r w o ve n

-

Scanned by CamScanner

13 4

C

13 12

o n s tm

c

tı o n D e ta lı e

o

f B lo c k B

i s th e s u r fa c e o f th e r o ta tin a ga n r ig id ly m o u n te d to a p iv o t e

i

!

g c y lin d d ı c vc r

ke

ra

lle d b r a k e d r u m T h c b lo c k m a y B lo c k (s h o e i ) s m a d e o f c a s t ir n n

e r ca

sc r e w s

B B

ra

k e le v e

r

ke d r u m th a n th c w ra

is

f fo r g e d o r c a s t s te e l is o f c a s t ir o n W id th o f th e d ru m id th o f th e s h oe o

s h o u ld b c 5 to 10 r m m gre a te s ln D r u m 13 13 F o r c e A n a ı ys ı B r a k e w ith E x te r n a l S h o e F ig u r e 1 3 3 s h o w s th c s h c e m a tic r e p r e s e n ta tio n o f th e b r a k e a s s e m b ly l t t a n c s n o a t o c sho e h a s m a ll s e m e t t a y n o f th e d r u m g p e r ip h e r y is u s e d ,

c t ió n

ire ro

o

f

B

ta t io n

A h

ra

(b ) S h o e o s

PR n

In

e r tio

lo o d

ıa n d I o to n u e T

ke

o n d

fre

o

b ly

a sse m

e

le v e r bo d y

r

,

(c ) D r m

(d ) L e v e fo

r

as

r

o

o

fr e

bo d y

e

p r o p o r tio

n s

f ı seł o c k in

g

b r cık e

F

=

P

=

Rn

=

A p p lie d f ł bo r c e N o rm a i l re a c tio n

=

Fiction fo

a

Ħn

￠ eo

=

Ħn

re

yR n

Oh O

y

rc e

đ io

n s

a

O

,

A h A

R G

13 3

'

y

SH Æ

'

a N IM

f

io

n s oE

A

TE eR A ı

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

w

(1 3 4 )

0 + s in e O is th e a n g le

=

pe

13 6

(0 / 2 )

s in

be re

o

fco

in t e r n a ı d n t a c t th e in s id e

Lonshoe te a đu a

d

to c o n

ta c t in

n

ra

d ia i ıs

an

d II is th e

a c tu a

(P B

×

ta k e

,

860)

(F

+

k in g t o r q u F r ic tio n fo r c e B

ra

U

t, F

R

H R

=

o m

m

su

e

.

F

x

u

r

t A

R

=

400 N

-

2 0 0 0 /0 2

=

2 00 0 N

=

10 0 0 0 × 16 0

=

W h e n th e b r a k i e s n ıa d e t o b e th e r e i s I ıo n e e d to a p p ly a iıy fo r c e Fa = R x 16 0

m

10 0 0 0 N

=

E q u a tio n (1 ) is r e w r itte n a s (P x 8 6 0 ) + (2 0 0 0 × 5 0 ) P _ 17 44 2 N 2

(1 )

160

x

.

40 0 / 0 2

=

d e o f c a s t ir o n n ı C a lc u la t e tl . s e lf lo c k in g T h e ıa

13 5

n

Fjt

-

50 ) F

-

-

bo

en t a

×

ffic ie n t

b r a k e s a r e u s e d in tr u c k s T h e s h o e s a r e f r a c e o f th e d r u m b y h y d r a u lic o r a ir p r e s s tır e

Fı G

I'o fm d P

e

I

ın ı

e ın 1 3 1 pr o b ı In th e b lo c k b r a k e s h o w r ı in F ig u r e 1 3 5 th e b lo c k is n i e ffic ie n t o f fr ic t o n 0 2 T h e b r a k in g t o r q u e is 4 0 0 N w ith a c o iti n o f th e p iv io t s o a s to m a k e th e b r a k e fo r c e p a ııd th e p o s o ? u n ı is 4 0 0 m m 山a m e te r o f th e b r a k e

1

lco

,

se

a

lf

th e a p p lie d o f th e le v e r

locki

t th e

e n

d

fo

rce

P

-

o, ie

,

(2 )

n

20 0 0

x

a

-

10 00 0 × 16 0

a

-

800

m

Ę

・

Scanned by CamScanner

C a lc u la te th e dru n dr u n

ı is

ıw

4o o m m id th is 7 5

b e a r in g p r e s s u r e

a v e ra ge

it

a iıd

c

ta te s a t 2 o o r p m

ro

an

d th e in itia l

ffic ie n t

o e

o

f

m m

P

n

2

=

O

an

d

fri $ o n

02

is

an d

4 50 0 N

支

20 0

田 田

F IG 1 3 6

1

A

vera

ge p r e s s u

_

p r o je c te d

-

b

A

s in

o

o

)

45

°

N

O

b ta in

,

P

\

-

2 B r a k in P o w g B

ra

批C

T5

-

(4 0 0 /2 ) ×

x

b

,

200

X

R

r

n

X

(T h e r e

2 00

p a sse s

9 9 0 0 / 2 1 2 10

4t

=

0 4 6 7 N /n

s in

=

Fr

lt e R

=

s in

W id th

-

is n th r o

o

u

c o n tr ib u

gh 0

tio

o

f dru m

fr o m F

n

a s il

)

2

ım

r

O

4 × 0 2 X

s in

=

卢

4$

一

一

90 ° 0 2

一

1 57

ra

d ia n

x _

B

ra

_

4 3 5 82 N

k in g to r u e q

4 3 5 82 x

13 3)

(E q n

13 4)

s

i

1

9 9 00 x 0 2

(E q n

ł

0 22

=

-

\

f b lo c k

to / ? )

5 7 + s in 9 qp n ra ı u ııg to r u e Õ q In itia l B r a k in g po w e r

ųe

o

2

ı ı

合

A

W id th

=

x

er

O +

=

0 70 7

ta k e m o m e n ts a b o t u 0

k in g to r q u e

=

2

9900 N

=

W

x

f th e lo c k

m iıı

-

n

R " n

-

a re a o

P X 440 R 4 50 0 X 4 4 0

R

p

2

2 1 2 10

-

T

(r

re

m

v e lo c ity o

x

2 0 0 × 2 tr

f tb e

d r u ııı

P . : Scanned by CamScanner :

ı

13 8

A n g le

su

b te n d e d b y

e te r o

D ia Jm

ea ch

b lo c k

f th e b r a k e d r u

m

90°

=

220

-

m m

i h r n d T h e s c r e w h a s s x s q u a e t r e a d s w ith a n ıe a n d ia m e te r o f 2 5 2 l l l h t A c u a a t c e o s e b o w m r e n ı b d a o s o r e if p v p 1 1o o per m m ic h o f 1 apt l i l d o a d o n th e b e a r in s a h a r e d t n a g Js (kp a ) n f i l h f i l i s e o e s e n t e r g z n g b e c a u s e F a id s to th e a N o te T h e e s p p lic a t io n l i d i h i e e n r e s e t b i o n z s F e h c a u h r s e h o p p o s e s t e a p p lic a tio n g g, ke T e g r o fb r a ke o fb t a R e la tio n b e tw e e n F , & R n r a n d F ı& Ļ ı =

1

R

/0

F

-

3 57 F

n r

S im ila r ly R R e la tio n B e tw

C

28

=

o n s id e r in

Q

X

2a +

Q

×

260 +

n

l

-

38 /

s in

2 +

90°

=

0 28

ts

a

e

=

/2

r -

een

g L H

F

0 25

/t = 4 x 0 2 5 x s in 4 5 °

(R

1

3 5T F 1

Q & F yo ke

b)

=

,

d

a n

an

R

F , (1 1 0 - 8 0 )

Fı

Q &

d ta k in g n =

l X

R

m

o m

en

b o u t p iv o t,

a n

ı

X

13 0

Scanned by CamScanner

13 9

L H

Th

ra a

R H

d

13 7

F IG

Th m

d

o

二 ˜

87 o

X.

3】

Fı G 0 7b

队

置

げ し

一

'

L

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

'Ħ

13 12

r,

b e a r in g p r e s s ám u m ï aa) h are a o f t e sh o R te d

e

d lıe n

an

A

-

.

_

2r

-

2 X

i Æ» ı

P

u rıit

b e a r in g p r e

ssu re

-

.

A

s in

ru u u

ら

リ 且

=

_J

"

×

60 10

×

10

6

b b

2

15 1 4 _

× 10

6

N /m

N /m

m

名 -

11 3

11 3

x

1 100 0 0 0

o

f R

e su

lta

n

t F

r ic

b

,

tio

F

n

155 5

=

◆

s

o rce

o

f fr ic tio s u r fa c e

n

fo

rc e s a c

R

ho

tin g o

a n

n

y tw

o

e

n

d R

/ \

・

/

pd

VD

Fı G

m

m m

s

2

2

2

60

R e fe r to F iġ u r e 1 3 9 T h e r e s u lt a n t ıe tr ic a l e le m e n t s a c ts a b o v e t h e d r u m sym iı

( d Rn p

s th e

11 3

X

-

b T i o n

300

c a lc u la tin

(k p a )n cıls (g iv e n )

1 10 0

=

×

d in

一

6

b

pv 15 1 4

.

"

15 14

PV

13 18

"

u se

45° X

m ın

10

X

×

s in

2 12 13b

冗 =

iı l be

(0 /2 )

150

-

V

l w

2 1 2 13 b 32 12

-

・

\

c e

13 9

u

d R

n n

N o

rm

a

F r ic t io

l fo r c e n

fo

rc e

/ /

C T IO N F O R C E V E C 7 0 R S R E S U LT A N T F R ı ' » f ı L L U S T R A Tï N G W H Y f

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

0

14

ガn g

ĦG

A U T O M O T IV E

13 m

( IN T E R N A L 132 1

T

T

o r

o

ta l e

qu

e

C

a

pa

n e rgy

įM

iw C

c

Be

to

į

a

a

lc u la tio

T Y 户巨 D 只じM SHOE S )

B R A KE

n

b s o r b e d is

. ' + Þ× fr o

para 7 ￡ e d u r in g th e ıe b r a 】 T h is e n e r g y is e q u a te d to th e w o r k d o n e b y tı f b r a k in g ) o f its a p p lic a tio n (d u r in g th e tim e o E

E w

ü

-

,

-

t

T

+

m

Õ

he re =

an

e th r o gı

u

gh

w

h ic h b r a k e

w

h e e l tu

s r ıı

d u r in g tim

e

Ļ

ţ

ra

d ia n

tim e

(ß B ) s

Ŝ￠

p in

Fı G

13 U ・

T IV E A U TO M O

BRAKE

W H H

TW O

H YD R A U U C

UNDERS

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

13 16

B r a lw tio n o f

D

m

m

Se le c 4 3 c a n b e u s e d to T a b le 1 3 b w id t d ı j a ı d ia m e te r ı B r a k e d n ıı

s e le c t th e

,

D

ia n

dissipa

id th

r u n ıw

ı a tio n

o

_

5 00

m

_

16 0

ıı ııı ı

e a r in

g pï

f P e r m is s ib le B

p e fe r r in g to T a b le 1 3 1 , k tio n w e ta e

assu m

=

(k p

2 10 0

R uD0m g

a

) (m

y

V

V C ıU Ļ L ı

P (p e r m is s ib le )

br a ke d n

=

in g in

リ

_

60

0 499

2 1 0 0 0 0 0 /0 W

-

=

4 2 N /m

kw

e s s tu e

te m

itte n ı

an

d seł ee ü o n

t s e r v ic e a ııd

リ

ハ

D

60 m /s

"

=

a

D

B

d ia

m e te r

ra

ke d

ru m

B

m m

B w

ra

k e d ru

id th

,

14 72

25 0

80

25T6

320

ı0 0

44 16

400

125

13 6

500

16 0

1104

630

2 目0

IM U

8 00

2 50

p o o r he a t

_

0 5

n ı

19 1 r m p

m

n ım

65

ir o n b r a k e m a te r ia l w it h p e m ıis s ib le p r e s s u r e p ın a x T a b l e 1 3 . . r o n ı t he s t ai ıd po i tıt o f he a t d i ss i pa t ioĄ the

6 C a lc u ı a d o n o f In d u

In d u c e d b e

w e

50

w e s e le c t c a s t

ro m

r d

bı e 13 3

2 00

f

u

2

1104

N ow

r

N /m 2

16 0

. N/ m2

o

且ソ 且

7 36

1

a m ,e te r

ıı

T « r o f th c

a

m

2100000

-

tm

/s )

=

m o to r,

\

,

pv

pm

pre

a r in

c ed

,

B e a r lrıg P r e s s u are

g p re ss u r e p

-

R n"

"

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

13 18

F lG

13 1 3

Scanned by CamScanner

2 Lı n k 4 il\ u tw o fo r c e m e m b e r , i e , th e m c m b ı ln k « a ıTh e e n d s u tūin g p in s a n d th e r e i5 n o lo a d \h e c t ın n e t titm s T h e r e fo r e th e p in r e a c tio n s a t h c a x is o l th c ı tm 8 ı in k H e n c e lin k 4 i8 a ls o aı P 18 ı 3 3 c d e p ic l» th c a c tio n o f th e fo r c e s ,

,

H

3

aı

«

H

H 45

-

54

k H $Æ -

4P

-

L In k 3

.

p p lie d fo r c e is H 4 3 (e q u a l a n d o l fo r c e o n th p p o s ite to H 3 4 ) p in r e a c tiu n ĥ a t o r c V 3 a n d H 1 3 N o r m ái 1 e sĥ o ą e H 6 3 a n d th c fr ic tio n fo r c e is V 6 3 - /' e H 6 3 - 0 2 8 H 6 3 o

th e le ft

n

(y o k e ) th e

sh o e

a

,

y

(/i . T

a

k in g

0 28 fr o

-

m o m en

H

13 3 )

P r o b le m

m

ts a b o u t «) 13 g iv e s ,

0 35 + V

X

43

1

(0

X

63

,

0 04 )

12 5

4 P × 0 35 + 0 28 H 6 3 X 0 0 85 1 4 P ・ 0 15 H 6 3 0 02 38 H 63 -

H 63 A p p lyß n g th c V 13 H 13 4

.

-

=

H 63 0 12 6 H

=

63

1 1 1P

q u a tio n s o f s ta tic V 63 - 0 28 H 63

e

e

-

H

H 43

63

P in

re a c

tio

n s

fr o

P in

re a c

tio

n s

fr o

l fo r c e

o n

o rm a

V 62

=

V 52

=

T a k iııg H 52 X 1 2P = H 62 V 62

A ppı y in g

c

H tž V 12

.

H 6 3 X 0 15 X 0 15

q u ilib r iu m w e g e t 0 2 8 × 1 1 1P 3 1 1P =

1 1 1P

=

4P

7 1P

=

Kı n k 2

N

1

=

/' e H 6 2

V 25

-

H 52 a n d V 52 0 1 2 a r e H 2 a i ıd V m 1 12 R H s h o e is H 62 a n d fr ic tio

5

m

a re

0 28 H

-

P

fo r c e is V

62

62

d H

an

n

52

H 25

-

4P

-

b o u t 0 12 0 3 = V 5 2 X (0 0 6 0 0 4 ) 0 0 2 P + 0 1 5 H 62 + 0 2 8 m o m e n ts a

=

6 8P

=

0 28

×

6 8P

H 62 H 52 = V S2 + V 62 Caı ıd cuı of P a ı adm Æ

» r a iu n

g

w

r q ıı c

-

o

q u ilib r iw 6 8P 4P e

P

-

×

H 62 X 0 15 + H 62 X 0 0 8 5

+

w e o

1 9P

b ta in th e p h ı r e a c tio n s

at

0

12

2 8P

=

=

2 9P

th e r P in R e a c tio n

s

D

6 3

+

v

-

18 0 N

nı

(g iv e n )

-

287 4 N

-

V 6 2 X 0 08 5

1 9P

=

q u a tio ru i o f s ta tic

+

62l

2

P

Scanned by CamScanner

28 7 4 N ta n u ı

rm

ż ıx = b X

is

,

t

u se

d

re a

a io n

d fo

at e a c

h a s to b e

h p in

b r a k in g la r g e to r q u e s F i n 1 4 ) «x )n s is ts o f a s te e l b a iıd to w h ic h b r a k e lin in g A b a r d bra ke ( g O n c m d o f t h e b a n d is a tta c h e d to th e ħılc r u n ı a n d th e o tlıe r is ,

Fı G

b a iıd o f th e d n ın ı th e le ft s i? k w is e r o t tc n s io ıı t h a n th c r ig h t s id e b a iıd (th e b a n d th a t is d r a w ıı tc ııs io n )

Fo

gtu glle u

r

BR A KE

B A N D

13 *

u se

a re

er

cr

r th e

R * tio eq u

o

c lo c

f

te i ıs io ıts

ilib r iw

Pe

-

=

th e s u m

T lb

T

o

P 2

-

T 2 f th c

P e

(1 3 10 )

on « » n ı

ï s a b o t ıt th c

ħılc

h e re

r

ra

=

◆

e

d iu s

卢每

sho u

d be ı

z e ro

ï

flo r T 了。

m n ı

c

u sn i g r a łio o f tc n s io ıķ T - T e p o _ E e p e z ı b T O r o ııe o n th e e d n łm is T = (T ı T z )r w

w

ill h a v e ill h a v e

'

e

-

w

o

f th e d r u

d ı秘 ı r

T2 ・臣

、

(ß

11)

m

w e

で

get

(e

卢香

日

Scanned by CamScanner

也 国画国虹 13 2 1 P

.

=

X

13 2 3 a s s is ts

in

l

R c o c

ro

ta tio

n

(13

I2 )

C lo c

p p ly in g th e b r a k e i e

a

k w is e

re

,

du

c e s th e

lo a d to b e

p p lie d

a

h e le v e r

a t th e en

d of

C

d ia g n a

F IG

T

a

k in g

Pc + T

W re

du

o m

en

u

t T 1

w

P

e

T

-

2e

=

lt o

2 b,

ìe

ı e ve

r

BR A KE

bAND

ce

o

fT

0 3 14 )

in th e

1a

ex

p r e s s io

n

fo

P

r

(E

q n 1 3 14 ),

/4 0 in E n 1 3 1 4 q

T2elt T 2 (b t B k be

e

_

a

lU

T2y

=

fP

T 2 b

p If

0

=

fin d th a t th e p r e s e n

e

o

ts a b o u t ħd c n w

T 2b

1a

c e s th e v a lu e o

P

th e

m

A L F FE R E N Tı Dı

13 15

m

ra

.

e

"

"

he e l W D e n th e d ir e c tio

o

n

f

ttio

ro

n

is

lt

q)

(1 3 ń )

If lo c k in g fo r e v e rs e

r c lo c

￠ r e fe r r in g

k w ńs e to

f r o ta tio n o

F ig

16 ,

w e

have, P c + T 2￠

U

p

s in

g T

=

-

1

T 1b

T b; P 1

T2

e

=

p 0 ,

T2

T 2a

(1 3 16)

=

w r ite

w e

(e

lło b

C

ll b

>

a

ta tio

)

(13 17)

C

,

to th e Ą e l b > a

ro

a

_

,

a iıd th e

b r a k e is

n e v e r se

lf ı o c k iıı g fo

l r a i ıtic o

c kw

ise

n

Scanned by CamScanner

區。 13 2 2

C

T

F

re e

b

d ia g

dy

o

ra m

o

f tt w

ı e ve

r

Fı G 1 3 16 T h e r e fo r e th is typ e o f b a ııd b r a k e m a y b e u s e d to a d v m ta g e in a 39 ı ' d iffe r e n tia l b a n d b r a k e ) w h e r e th e b r a k e c a n ı »e m ıit r o ta tio n o f ħa c ks to p (a lt in o n e d ir e c tio n b u t p r e v e n t b a c k w a r d r o ta tio n U s in g th e s e b r a k e s in a sh a ı ıo t io n , in ı c a iı b e c a se o f p o w e r fa ilu r e n v e yo r s , b a c kw a r d in c lin e d c o pre v e 133 5

d

n te

B a n d W Id th

T ı/B

-

ax

d T b łc e a s C

b c a r in s p r e s s w w he re

m a x im u m

T hc

pm

a n

r

T B r

T a b le 1 3 4 B iv c s

s a fe

tıs

ee n

b a ııd m

o

f th c b a n d

ra

d iu s

o

f th c d n

b c a r in 8 p r e

n

18 )

n u n

,

b

u c rw

a

m

in N /ııım

ss u r e *

[p ] N

13 1 M

u

n s k »n

id t h

T m

a

(1 3

w

=

=

b e tw

e

ig h t s iĐ tc

t

ー

]

ı a t io

a lc u

f tlıc

ru

2

2

b b im

m

r ta c e s

-

H

-

m

ı

t

M

a R ia m

tig

lr d u c e d

h t s id e te

m a x im m

0 4

0 3

ıo n s io n

* iııc

is Đ

d

u s in

in th e

tc ııs ilc s 【r e s s

ną * w

hc

t

rc

=

O

-

3 to ıo

th e

f

br

d 1 3 ı1 g E q ıła tio n s U IO a n d ııc Io tis b t ıid c te a r io ııT ]

'

d

m

o r

D

◆

P e r m is s ib ı e tc tas ik

U$i N 崤

飞嘲

-

\ *w

Bt

n u ei

s

,

su t s i

fo t ıB i

s E\

,

w

h e re D

b ı

s te e

=

d iım

lb m d

æ e r o ￠ı eı =

la ıl

=

a m

5 0 to

m

8

0

6

1 3 1 & p ı=

ie d c d ıı iıc a ı

c h e d

a g ıi«

lp lg im

«

ı3 4

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

13 2 4

0 0 + 5 0 7 6 5 × 4 0 - 13 8 7 6 5 p X 15 2 N p - 48 0 D n t T yp e s o f B a n d B r a k e s

6 133

×

2 00

.

k e s h o w ıı in F ig 13 1 7 , th e d ir e c tio n o f r t ti o a F o f th e b r a o n o f th e ù u m he ba n d an c h o r e d to the f ra ıne ha s t he tigb t si de t en s i on T1 t t a h is b t . nc b h v e s e ll e n e r g iz in g p r o a t i e r t o n e s p do e i l h a s n ı t w s o e w 8 s o 1 w a y b a i ıd b r a k e p T h is b r a k e fu n c tio n s f lg 1 3 d i h r e c tio n o f r o ta tio n i t e r e f r o l h l t ( e v a lu e o f p is s a ıııe fo r b o th w e a lly e qu h n ıo n ıe n t a r n ıs o f tig h t a i ıd s la c k te n s i e t e c h ı o n s a re e u a l s ı

se s

)

q

P

t

F IG

Fı G 13ı 1180

13 19

P ig B 1 9 s h o w s T h is h a s s e lf e n e r g iz in g a d ifr c r e n tia l b a n d b r a k e Pr o p e r ū e s a n d n ıa ıe d iffe r e n tia l b r a k e is y b e d e s ig n e d to b e s e lf lo c k in g T ı u su a 】 1y đe s i n d g e s o th a t th e d ir e c tio n o f d n ım r o ta tio n p e r n ıits th e tig b t s id e ct th e

ba】 ı dä

:H

to. t】 ıe

°n

th e a p p lic

d Bı ock B

iııs id e

ūo

n

o

f th e b r a k e

(F ig 1 3 2 0 ) In th is b r a k e w " d e n b lo c k s a r e f th e b a ııd a ııd th e b r a k in g a c tio n is o b ta h ıe d d u e

ra

s u r fa c e o

a

lĺ e

,

Scanned by CamScanner i

W

d

ìo o

F IG

T

P r o b le m

te n s io

n o n th e tig h t s id e ff c o e c ie n t o f fr ic tio n b e tw e e n th e b lo c k a n d th e ū a n d e s u b te n d e d a t th e d n ın ı c e n tr e b y e a c h b lo c k n u ın b e r o f b lo c k s

-

n

/i 20

-

n

-

13 2 0

=

um

13 8 .

A b a ııd a ııd b lo c k b r a k e h a v in g 12 b lo c k s e a c h s u b te n d in g a n a iı le o f g 1 4 a t tlıe c e n tr e is a p p lie d to a r o ta tin g d r u n ı h a v in g 1 0 5 m d ia m e te r T h e b lo c k s a r e 5 0 m m t k T h e b r a k e is o p e r a te d b y a d iffe r e n tia l le v e r o f th e typ e s h o w rı in F ig u r e 1 3 1 9 w ith th e d im e n s io n s , a 2 0 m m a iıd T 5 n ım , b 1 m W iıa t is th e le a s t e ffo r t a p p lie d a t th e e n d o f th e le v e r if th e b r a k e c a b s o r b s 2 19 6 k w 0 35 a t 2 50 r p m II b e tw e e n th e b lo c k s a n d th e ? u ııı °

-

=

-

1

C

a ı cu ı a tio n

3r

V

=

D

e

o

fT

n

d

o

a n

D

60 1 15 ×

-

(Ĵ r

-

ß 044

X

m

d T ı2

-

.

25060

=

/ se c

=

n

đ

e

fte c tiv e d ia n

(D + (1 0 5

ıe te r o

2 x th ic k n +

2 x

-

1 15

=

2 50 r p n ı

f th e d r u n

e ss o

ı

f th e b lo c k )

0 0 5)

ın

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

13 Z ì 13 10

P r o b le m

f r o e r a tin g o c e r e q u ir e d to s to d b r a k e Ħ n d th e p F is 13 2 2 s h o w s a b a n p m , b 0 5 m 1 25 m m m m , a 0 5 2 c r : t d a a n l w l o f h o g D r u m r o ta te s 1 o o r o ta tio n fo r t e 3 5 kw ° r = 24o , p o w e r e pm 3 o ￠ , 3 o o tn m / i c o u n te r c lo c k w s e 3 3 5 × 10 × 6 0 . 3 3 4 2 N m = T 2 Jr X 10 0 =

-

,

,

T 2

.

(d ir e a

p eb

(e o

fp i

)

(E

,e v e rse

h d in th is p r o b le m a n d h e n c e t e T o rq u e (T 1 T z), T 2) × 0 25 (3 S i T

n e

q n 1 3 17 )

g a tiv e

s ig n

)

-

z

T2 P

15 0 1

5 3 2 6 (3 8 × 2 5 300

=

13 2 2

F ls

e

532 6 N

-

1 10 5 N

.

Bo

n

d

b r o ke

13 1 1

ı n

15 0 m m i b Itı F ig 1 3 2 3 d im e iıs io n s a 0 2 5 7也 e ù u m d ia n ıe te r is 5 0 0 田 田 P o w 卢 D e te m a in e P 10 0 中 m =

一

T

334 2

=

× 10

31

3

×

60

334 2 N

=

=

2Æ

Tz)r

团 =

2 19 32

/łQ

e

T

T a k in g

.

2 l

T

一

e

T2

T2 T

10 0

X

=

=

ano m

0 2 5 X Jr

一

T2

T1

,

2 50

e r tr a n s n

o 2 50

-

50 m m a n d kw a t ıitte di is 3 5 i

c

-

13 3 6 8 N

0

Z 19 3 2

=

ı ıım

m

3 34 2 -

=

=

s Æ r a d ia n

ı33 6 8 N

1 12 0 3 N

2 19 32 e ıï ts

×

1

a b o t

3

2 45W 1 N

=

p āv o

t

w r

ó ï ıd

Scanned by CamScanner

13 2 8

Fı g

T 1c - T 2 a 2 4 5 7 1 × 50 P

com

=

P =

(a

+

13 2 3

B

a n

d

b ra k e

b)

1 12 0 3 X

15 0

P

1 12 9 N

(1 5 0

+

2 50 )

m e iıts

th e a b o v e th r e e p r o b le m to r q u e , b r a k e ? 1ıııı d ia ın e te r a n d le v e

P ro m

le v e r is

v e ry m u c

132 9

B r a k e L in in g F

.

C ha n ge

h le s s fo

f

a

r

s r

b a n d b ra ke s

it is c le a r th a t fo r th e sa m le n g th fo r c e a l i d e , a t th e pp

e en

b r a k in g

d

o

f th c

de

fr ic ie n t o f fr ic tio n o f th li i e n n g ta k e s p la c ė d u e to h ig h F ig u r e 1 3 2 4 s h o w s h o w i h / c a n g e s w ith d r u m te m p e r a tu r e T h e c o e ffic ie n t o f fr ic tio n r d g a u a lly r is e s , r e a c h e s a p e a k v a lu e a n d fa lls ra p id ı y a s d r u m te m p e r a tu r e is in c r e a s e d T h is r a id fa lıi k s n o w n a s fa d e p o

co e

te m p e r a tu r e s

0 6

■ 四■■国 回 国回国 国 团 团 困国 国回 国回国 0 ı ı ıı■ 0 5

.

C

O 4

。，

2

0

10 0

D

ru m

20 0

30 0

te m p e r o t u r e

400 O

c

Fı G 13 2 4

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

13 3 0

H ig h lig h ts

13

k e is a d e v ic e w h ic h is u s e d to h ir in g to r e s t o r s lo w d o w n ] B ra d in g to a c tu a tin s ific a tio n (a c c o r g s y s te m ): H y «lr a u lic e le c tr ic 2 c la s ific a tio n o f m e c h a n ic a l b r a k e s : a ) c \ e r a n d d is c b r a k e 3 c la s s d b r a tEe d ) b lo c k a n d b a n d b r a k e e ) e x te r n a l a n d in te r n l c ) b a iı a ,

4

d d is c b r a k e is

C a lip e r a n b e d is s ip a te d

p e r a tu r e s

te m

5

6

S o u rc e s r o ta tio n

H

7 H

p id ly M

) is

a b se n

o

f

c

) Po

th e p

o

te n tia l

be

b so rb e d b y

a

br a k e

a

a

)I E

a

b so rbe d

o

equ a

ıto th e

en er

gy

ea

t d is s ip a tio n

sh o u

ld b e d is s ip a te d b e in

ly b y in

B r a k in g c a p a c ity d e p e n d s u p o n u iıit p r e s s ru e b e tw e e n d d ıe a b ility to dis s ip a te h e a t c o e ffic ie n t o f ħic tio n a iı ity

c apac

11 B lo c k

12

at

co n

ar e

m u ch

le s s th a n sho e

o

14

B

an d bra k e s

ld e s

d

m

a

) h a v e h ig h

u

p to 3 0 0 C °

c o e

c r e a s in

fİ ic ie n t

o

(s h o u ld h a v e

ıa l

se

If tw

as

lf

ld h a v

o u

bir a k e s

dru m

been

e

ar e

e n e r g iz in

ith

w

use

ar e

s in

a

g le

n e r g iz in

Fo r

a

e lo

p

s u r fa c e

po se d

b r a k in g

an

ar e a

s u r fa c e s ,

r e ta in

d

th e

b r a k in g

to fa d e ) c ) h a v e

a u se

,

to

w o u

ld

o

f th e ir M g h b r a k in g be ru n ı brak e s c a n

th e

a iıd

in d u s tr ia l

m

ac

h in

e ry

n

o

li i app ca t on

o

f br a ı te

a

id s th e

If tlıe d ir e c tio se

D

p p lic a tio n o f b r a k e , th e b r a k e is f r o ta tio n o f tlıe d r u n ı is r e v e r s e d ,

fiction ppo

o

c y lin d e r s

g

u se

a

N

o w

th e b r a k je is k n

if ?

e

o w n

as

g

n e c tio n p a r tic u la r d i ith o u t a ıı o e r a tiıı fo y p g s a id to b e lo c k in g sm w

t de v

sho e

d in tr u c k s b e c

b y h y d r a u lic

a c tlıa te d

seKnergizing

de q

n o

o

e

n

f

o

th e fo r c e s e x e r te d b y th e p p o s in g s h o e s a r e u s d iĺr e c tio n a ııd h e n c e th e r e s u lta n t lo a d o n th e b e a r in g s is o

t du

ffic tio n fo r c e

ex

i e s is ta n c e

If th e

are

en

do

re s

f fr ic tio n b )

d fo r b r a k in g la r g e to r q u e s in h o is ts b e d e s ig ııe d to b e selocking

om

b) K E

n

t g e n e r a te d d e p e n d s

ea

th e

c an

m

brak es

sh o e

ll s p a c e T h e h e a t c a n c o e ffic ie n t a t e le v a te d

g th e

T he s e b r a k e s

kn o w

15

te m p e r a tu ï

sho e s

d e s ig n e d to b e

13

c r e a se

sho u

p p o s ite w ha t w

in te n

T he

ity

c apac

b

(s h o e ) b r a k e in

br ak e

d u c tiv ity

sh o e s

Lon g

c an

a te r ia

m

ev en

h ig h h e a t

H

a in

9

lin in g

h a n ic a l

b ) b lo c k

f tr a n s la tio

th a t M g h te m p e r a tu

H

rake

n

so

8

11) B

a

ec

m

e n e rgy

d in b r a k e s is

m

bu

o f a h ig h to r u e in a s m q h a n ic a l fa d e (r e d u c tio n in f i ti r c o

ec

du c t p v

g e n e r a te d th e b r a k e

eat

p a b le

d

an

g bo dy

t

to

e n e rgy

t g e n e r a te

ea

on

ra

c a

m o v in

a

o

f

rce

ro

a

ta tio

o

n

t th e

f th e b r a k e

e n

d

o

f th e

a c

br ak e

c an

tu a tin g 】 e v e r , th e n

be

ū ıe

p p lie d b r a k e is a

Y

Scanned by CamScanner

14 l ,

.

ł th e p ig u r e * 14 ] (a ) a M ł14 ı(b ) il]u * tF a c

a rfa n

(0 ) S IN G L E S TA R T T H R E A D (R H ) (b ) o o u e L

lw

m

en

Ĥ

t

(

M

$ta rl

S T A R T TIW E A D (L H )

rı G 14 1

14 2 .

，

歹o m

sı o

f 1 ゐn

a

d * (歹翱 弘1 4 2 )

S qu a re T br M (P i& t4 2 a ) j» m o r e e ffic ie n t th a n V o r thread , b ıtt it ia m o r e d ilfic u lt to c u t (w ith d r a w a l ￠ï f to o l a t t d f c n c u t山移 o p e r a tio n i o i f d ? u lt) It is n o l a d a p ta b le [o a * p lit n u t a n d it h a s n o m e a n s o l a q u s lm e d , fo r w e a r

(a ) S O U A R E T H R E A D

(e ) D U T TR S S T H R E A D

F IG

14 2

FO R M S

O P T R A N S L A T ŁD N

I

TH R EA DS

Scannediby į CamScanner

w a

r

14 2

\

蓑

'

iH Ę bas e

pow

143

m

i be

ic r o m

14 4

u se

(

d

re sse s

p

as

o

f th e g r e a te r th ic k n

rs

o r

tr a n s la tio n

to

ift ı

w e

ig h ts

sc r e w

o

f

a

la th e

e ss a

t [h e

) a r e tıs c d to ja c k s ) o r e x e r t c tc ) T h e y c a n o v e m e n t (a s a

s cre w s

(a s

sc r e w

)

o gy ıin o ı ı

th c a d ja c e n

L 国 d is th じ

b e tw th r e a d

l* a d A n s le

ı

l田

bc r

m

x

a

o v e m 心目! o

p o in t

f t缸c

o

f s ta

,

a

r tB

on

o n e

sc re w

x

im

th r e a d to

o n e

ro

a c o rre sp o n

d in g p o in t

ta t io n

p itc h

P

f th e S c r e

o

ee n

ce

N

=

n

=

t

a x ia

Lead L

,

c a u se

c l a m te n s ile te s tin g n ıa c h in e s , p r e c is e p o s itio n in g o f th e a x ia l m

o

Ħı c b is th e d is t a n on

be

s

C

b t a in o r th e le a d

to

c te r s c r e w

T en

rm

(lin e a r a c tu a to h e c a n ic a l a d v a n ta g e

grca m

s

fo

sc r e w s

e r

a o bta irı la r c fo r c e s a ls

o th e r

is s tr o n g e r th a n h ead o f th e t r

w

L ta n a

u

d

-

w

he

re

d L

143

C o u ır M W

1ı sc d

ı ıe n

b e tw

een

c

=

ı n c a i ı d ia m

e te r o

f th e

ı)

sc re w

ı ebd

tı on

is ı o a d e d a x ia u y a ta tin g a n d s ta tio ııa r y

tb c s c r e w

tb c

=

q

ro

R G

W

co m e

lla r o r u s t e ad m b e r s (ı

d be b c a r in 8 s h o u ı a th e ) s c r e w o f th e ı

C E S 0 0ı S C R E W Ł L FOı *xu ı 0 C D LL A R 0 ı

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

14 4

W la

æ sw

? th e b b e o b ta in e d o l r e s s in S tıe w s Sı

lo

sc re w s

M = æi= = i PW s e h lo c k in g c h a r a c t e r is tic

se

ı 4

u=

,

e

,

5)

W

W

R G

SCRE W

ı 4 5

)T e n s ik 0 ( g 14 4

o r c o ı ııp r e s s iv e

a

(J r q

c oı m

If th e

fo r ın u la s m b)T o r i s o r ıa ı s tr m

is lo ııg be u m

(s h e a r

in th e b o d y

s tr e s s e s

/4)

sc r e w

-

a x ia

dc

-

c o re

der

d ia m

d

an

su

to to r s io

s tr e s s

f th e

o

14

6

du

sc re w

e

to

a x ia

ılo a d

l lo a d

W

s le n

d d

an se

G Fı

ON S D ıM E N S ı

THR E A D

e te r o

b je a

n a

ım

e

f th e

d to

o n ıe n t

sc re w

c o m

p r e s s iv e lo a d ,

)

(1 4 7 )

9 Sh e a r tı ı e

T

to

=

rq u e

a c tm

g

o n

u ıc

w

c w

i« ıth e t e a d s d u e t o d ir e c t lo a d (F ig 1 4 6 ) It is a s s d lo a d 虹 襄a c t 四日ilo r m ı d is ł 然e d o o 吐国e 吐《 e a d s iıı c o o ı r ib ı y T

n

t

s tr e s s

-

W d

ıc n e w _

.

=

n u m

n Æ

be

q

r o

t

(c o

re

d ia ın e te

f th r e a d s in o

f

;

°

e a

c o n

i

r o

le f tı

sc re w

is

m

e

d)

th a t

(1 4 8 )

ta đ

Scanned by CamScanner

14 5

W o

B

Į)

e iu

Pressu

in g

t뇨e T

o n

a te r ia

ıa r d c ı

ıc o

b in

m

n e d s te e

B

ha rd e

n e

d

s te c

ıs c r e w

B

ro n z e

N

o n

h a rd e

n e

d

s te e

l s c re w

C

a s t ir o n n u t

S te e l s c r e w

B

fo

n u t

r m ac

h in

n u t

14 9

D

fo

P r in c ip a l r e a s o ıı fo r p o w e r is o b lig a to r y fo r a ll ty p e s

f Pow

d d r iv e s g th a ls o

Lo r s tr e n

a ls o

C

o

er

Sc re w

a

In th e c a s e be c h e c ke d

a ı cu

ı a tio

o

fo r W

n

d ı ead

an

(l4 9 )

S lid in g

s p e e d a t th r e ad i t h d c i a m e te r P

2

/m in

m

8

10

4 to 8

4

6

8 to 1 2

a n

d ı css

/m in

m

/m in

m

15

/m in

m

a n

d

a

bo

ve

s

r w ear

fo

z

3

e s f\

d)

u se

to o l

e

sc re w s

.

m

m

11

fo n z e n u t

o n

ro n z e

is

b le 1 4 ı

[p b ] N lm

N

ı e ad

a

a tio n

l sc r e w

sc r e w

hre a ds

T M

f th e

sc r e w o

sc r e w s

f r e la tiv e ly lo

f po an d

fa ilu r e is th r e a d

C aı c u la tio n

w e ar

w e r sc r e w s n u

rıg s c r e w s

ts o f ın a c h in

e

(s c r e w ja c k

sc re w

to

o

ls

a r e c a lc u la te d

) s ta b ility

sho u

ld

ea r

T h e in d u c e d b e a r in g p r e s s u r e is c h e c k e d W h e n th r e a d d ia n ıe te r s a r e k n o w ıı E q n 14 1 0 is d O th c r w ń æ th e fo llo w in fo r m u la is u s e d fo r d e s i n g g b a s e d o n th r e a d w e a r

d

V

=

C

an

a iı d ia ın e te r o

H /d

=

A ħe sc r e w

m

r

h e ig h t fa ia

sc re w o r

-

1 2 to 2 5 fo

r

-

2 5 [0 3 1 fo

r sp u l n

? ıe r n e

fo r S b

T h is is d o

m

Èo lid

n

M s

u s

s e le c t th e n e a r e s t ı h c th r e a d r o o r ï ia m p p w c

an d ar ıl cliam

łr r o

f?

e

g h ly fm h c m il ı y o a d c d sa m T scre w c o m p r e a s io m (m te n s ja n ) a n d tm s im m p r in c ip a l s tr e s s fa r m la s

n e . N

b in r d lo a d in g in d u c e d s łr e s s c s co m

t

de ı e r m in in g d

d he n c e

aı c»ı iıH n n

ı ıu

=

f th e

a r e

e

Scanned by CamScanner

d is e q u a lly tlis tr ib u te d a m o n g th e t h r e a d s T h is is n o t tr u e ) T h e lo a l a d is a p p lie d t h e th r e a d s a r e in d ir e c t s h e a r T h is a s s u m b) W h e n o a

tr u e b e c a u s e m s e ld o h a v in g s u ffic ie th r e a d s ,

c

) B e a r in g p r e s s u

is

a ss u m e

14 1 1

d

re

in th e

as

S c re w

a n

d N

n

e

is th e c a se u

be

d in g t cı e a r a n c e fo

so m

n

(c a n tile v e r r lu b r ic a tio

ge p re ss u re ie lla r fr ic tio n

a v e ra

o

f

co

,

s ty le

)m

u s t e x is t

rm

in te n s ity

w e r

u n

ifo

f p re ssu

o

re

t M a te r ia ls

sc re w s

s

,

B a lıb e a r in g S c

4 12 ı

to

e

is h t e

n

n

h o u ld p o s s e s s a h ig h r e s is ta n c e l th e r e fo r e m a d e o f s te e s C 4 5 C 5 0 o r 4 0 C r 1 N u ts a r e m a d e i i n t r o o r c a s t tin h r o n z e o f a n tifr ic t o n c a s T hc po

du

p tio

to o

w e a r

fv

a n

a r io u s

d

a re

g ra d e s

re w s

d is a d v a n t a g e o f p o w e r s c r e w s is h e a v y fr ic tio n a l lo s s e s a n d a s ff ic ie n c y F r ic tio n c a n b e c u t d o w ıı b y r e p la c in g s lid in g fr ic tio n w e a r e s u lt a in th e th r e a d b y r o llin g fr ic t io n In a b a ll b e a ń n g s c r e w a s s e m b ly (F ig 1 4 7 ) (o r v i c e v e r s a ) th e e x te r n a l lo a d is t r a n s m it te d ĺ r o n ı th e n u t to t h e s c r e w th r o u g h a n u m b e r o f b a lls in te r p o s e d b e tw e e n th e c o n c a v e h e lic a l r a c e in th c T h e b a lls fo llo w a c lo s e d p a th in s id e n u t a n d th c c o n c a v e t h r e a d in th e s c r e w th e n u t a n d o n c o m p le t in g t h e m o t io n a lo n g th e t h r e a d e d p o r tio n r e t u r n [ o th e in it ia l p o s it io n v ia a b y p a s s (r e tu r n t u b e ) A

,

j

m a o r

lo

,

,

,

,

-

T he

e

ffic ie

n c ie s

o

f b a ll b e

a r in

g

an

d A

cm

e

sc re w s

a re

co m

pa

re

d ip

F ig 14 8

b a ll b e a ń n g s c r e w w a s o r ig in a lly d e v e lo p e d fo r th e s te e r in g d b ııs e s b u t n o w fın d s a p p lic a tio n s ın m s o f p a s s e n g e r c a r s tr u c k s a n i h l i m o o a u t o m o b ile b u rııp c r ja c k s p o w e r a c tu a t o r s a n d n t e a n d n g i d o o r c lo s e r s , g e a r s o f a ir c r a ft T h e s e s c r e w s a r e a ls o u s e d iıı a u to n ıa t c h o s p ita l b e d a d ju s to r * a n [e iu ıa Č iv e tc T hc e c h a n is m a c h in e t

,

,

Scanned by CamScanner

14 7

F ıG

14 1

em Pro bı

in g d a t a d e t r ic th r e a s

T lıe

fo llo

IS O

m

p itc h

1 75

=

u ts id e

C

o re

C

o e

ffic ie n

t o

C

o e

ffic ie

t o

d ia m

m

-

O pe ra

a

)

n

dc

do -

m

9 8 53

co

lla r d ia

a x im

e

d

ı i łn

she

m

n ım

0 15

-

0 3

-

e te r

b ly

12

-

e xe rt a

a r s tr e s s

fo

帛 メ

m

m

rc e o

f 8o N

in th e b o d y

o n th e g p r e s s tır e p b r e q u ir e d is W d, m a r in

f F ig 1 4 9

n ı n ı

f th r e a d fr ic tio n f c o lla r fr ic tio n

e a n

w h a t is th e b e

T h e to r q u

12

=

c la n ıp o

de d)

th r e a

(s in g le

m

ıe te r ,

e te r ,

he C p p ly to t

to r c a n c o n ıfo r ta

b ) w h a t is th e t h is e x is t ? c

m

d ia n

O

dc m

a

w

N G B EA R ı

OF E F F IC IE N C IE S EW S A N D A C M E SC R

14 8

th r e a

o

a

f th e

t th e e n

d

o

screw

an

d

f th e h a tıd le

w

\

h e re do e s

ds ?

(E q n

14 2 )

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

14 10

h

F \G 1 W

:

ork

O

In

on e

ou

tp u t tu

rn

8

t e lo

W o rk

u

1 4 10

tp u t

o

f th e

t, th e

n u

' " ' " by 8 =

W

-

ı V (O 0 1 2

x

(le a d

2 Tor q u e R e q u ir e d to tu

fı o w

o

0 008)

,

th e

m

f

u

pper

screw

)

0 004W

=

a

o

,

reı a t iv e

t

t o th e ı ow

er screw

d

)

In

'q u a r

h le a iı d i

tb r e a d s d e th p ,

a n ıe te r

.

50

j

M

=

_

å

a o r

p itc h te

d e p th

r

1 2

T

le a d

e r scre w

n u

W e a ssu m e c c w r o ta tio n N u t is r a is e d a g a in s t th e lo d T - w ta n (￠ + a 1

d

is r a is e d b 1 2 m m a n d th y e u p p e r screw T h e r e fo r e ' ' " s e in th l e e v e t o f lo a d is ,

t

n u

_

X

,

2

12

X

=

44

10 3

m

m

x

ta iı (8 5 3

聾笋

°

+

4 96

.

=

5 27

畆

b

)

°

器锣 蠶む

X

°.

10

3 。

w

N

:u

,

ıı ı

呷

。

。

: ţ

Scanned by CamScanner

14 ı\ ,

W k

æ

文

ţ

秘网d

'

\u

×

ta n

x

° (8 5 3

" \ IT )

-

h 2 ı

-

,

ı !) ' W "

x

,

,

N

m

e W麝弋歹 )

T ın ta l h w q u c Io h o a p p lie d lu th e n u l \ 0 W + 2 Io X ı = 了1 + T a Ħ 5 2 7 × 10 l ıh o N u ı w r k u u ų u ıp o ı tu r n o = E R ic ic n c y hc n u ı w t\r k in p u t p c r tu r n o f ı O IX )4 W a O ()8 57 ı ' 2 × W r r 7 4 3 x 10

'

W

,

'

/4 1

×

ı f"

#c re w

i*

«u

d ia m

e te r

.

W Nt n

'

.

,

8 5 7 11

=

s

L

co m

p r e s s iv c

o rq u c T h c h jc e tc d lu a Henter ı \n t l to r s itm n ıs h e a r n lr e s « ł

is

o w e r sc re w

,

su

s tr t s s

,

W

W

d

t

Io

1

5 27

X

=

=

ır

d

x

×

N ノm 2

科8 2 W

=

'

b jc e tc d l4ł *

.

w

c o re

=

m a o r

■

闐

j

d ia m

12

e te r

38

。

p ilc h

m m

\

1 0

=

(0 0 3 8 )3

N /m 2

4 8 9 38 W

习 卤

◆ T

ぐ

=

m ax

十 百2

2

늬

+

-

=

6 58 B W

N /m 2

5

25

6

ic W

-

,

P r o b le m

× 10

N /m

(4 8 9

2

2 4 ı v)

(g iv e n )

37 9 4 7 8 N

14 3

fr o m tu r n in g w h ile r a is in g th e lo th r e a d s a n d c o lla r a s 0 1 4

Ja c k

Xgth ı

pen

m

a n

sc re w

d th e

is nu m

a

il

A

« u m c

h e a v ily ı o a dcd po w b e r o f th r e a d s in ł he

a

ls s ł bı e e tr e # a e ı

co e

ffic ie n t H

e r sc re w

m ł ıw

@ j Ę « b ıiiııijiiiilİ į

iı ıb e :

en ce

o

u

t fr ic li«m

e it i* d c * ig T

f tbt

d

dccrmind-id￠ rm

.

:

ŢL

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

中 コ ワ

自 コ

可 卫

( 一

专

の 如

国 Scanned by CamScanner 酽

14 1 4

S h e a r s tr e s s

.

co m

-

(

24

x

n

・!

Ï

y

4

'

'

a x ia

im m

ı N

'"

'

z

s h e a r s tr e s s

a x im u m

M

'"

"

p r e s s iv c s t r s d u e to 60000

D ir e c t °,

'

・

T

H en c e

m ax

[] T

.

do

26

=

a

ke d

P itc h

+

26 + 32

d

=

a

=

.

9 1 l8\ N lm

Z2

m

rj 【

>

m

. .

8 2 5 N lm

.

m

5

2

z

m

26 +

=

・

6

32

=

m m

田 田

ta n

60 0 00 O

29

=

之

26

=

c

J(T

'

ı

-

m -

t s a tis fa c to r y

N o

se dc T

cha n

l lu a đ ,

-

-

>

í,, 5 N l m 2 m

.

4

×

=

1 13 N / m

-

c

2

26 1 8 17 5 2 5

1【 x

16

×

T

Æ X

52 5 N / m

=

263

2

m

2

m

2 &

m ax 늬

N

OW

,

T

m ax

is

J 石

了

2

le

ss

"

歹 歹 "

' " ı' "

' "

[T ]

th a n

D e te r m in in g th e h e ig h t o f th e n u t fr o m w e łır c o n s ld e m tio n B e c a u s e o l n o n u n ifo r n ıl d is tr ib u te d lo a d b e tw e e n th e th r e a d s it is n o t r e c o m m e n d e d to y h a v e n > 1 0 A llo w a b le p r e s s u r e [p ] fo r s te e l s c r e w a n d b r o n z e n u t is ta k e n b 2 a s 10 N /n ı T a b le 1 4 1 n ı fr o m

4

Let

Pb

u s che c

k th e in d u W

-

b

d

(Æ / 4 ) (d

ce

d b e a r in g p r e s s u r e 6 00 00

-

(Jr / 4 ) (3 2

n

ta k in g

2 1 9 6 N /n

-

N

o t s a tis fa c t o r y

N

o w

Pb N

c

ha n g e

\

[p b ]

to 4 8 m m

4 沪)

江/ 4 ) L4 8 ? ,

tr y

w

ith

\

52

=

a iıd

(Jr / 4 ) (5 2 2

Satisfw

-

26

N m

d c to 4 0

2

)X o

o

10

f th r e a d s

一

如

-

8

2

Ļ ta k in g p

m m

10 8 5 N / 国

2

m

〉

叫

ta

kin g p

n am

× 10

m n ı

q

6 00 0 0 =

n

10 N /m

=

-

-

ow

Pb

,

2 >

u ıı

2

W )X

=

_

44

m

m

2 9 9 5 N / ın m

,

<

-

8

ı m ıı

[P b l

10

Scanned by CamScanner

14 1 5

in d u c e d

th c

m a x in ıu m

s h e a r s tr e s s

d u c to d a

to r (ł uc and co m p r e s s iv e l o ad

(52

-

Ĵ

1

ta n

=

44 1 2

+

n

6 0 0 00

-

1

(4 8 /2 ) ta n (8

×

16 X 2 79 9 0 7 6 T

=

44

Ĵr X

3 °)

+

16 7 4 N / m

.

3

°

I(

-

i,

3°

8'

￠= T

ų

48 m m

.

2797 6 N

=

m m

2

m

T h is s tr e s s is v e r y m u c h le s s th a n w h a t w e o b ta in e d fó r d . 27 m m s o w ilıb e r e d u c e d (r = 6 3 5 N /m m ' ) a n d c o m p r e s s iv e s tr e s s a ı be c a u s e of in c r e a s e d c r o s s s e c tilm a r e a T h e r e fo r e , th e r e is n o n e e d to c a l c u la lc w h ic h w o u ld b e v e r y m u c h le s s th a n th c o n e c a lc u la te d fo r d 27 m m T a d c - 4 4 m m w e d e te r m in e th e h e ig h t o f th e n u t, H

H

be r

n u m

=

C h e c k th e

o

f th r e a d s

fa ilu r e

she a r

p itc h

x

10 × 8

=

80

=

m m

f th r e a d s

o

W T

d

=

screw

6 00 0 0 10 X -

Jr X

44

10 8 5 N /

m m

4

×

2

[r ls tc e l

<

-

iz

N /m nı

W '

d

-

n u t

n 78

q

(E q n

t

-

10 x

R

e fe r to

F ig 1 4 1 2

C

o n s id e r iıg

ca

k

u

D

be

o

th e

1

=

52 67 9

C o n s iĐ b t a in e d

2

=

r iıı g

Į (D

D

)× 70

r i=

B th e

b{

40 m

o

c

f th e

o

s h m g

,

2

[T lw

<

o u ts id e

\

[o t]

6 0 00 0

=

f th e

n m c ta

-

25 N / m

d ia iııe te r D t

40 N / n

=

l

ım

m

can

2

be

2

co

co

ı la r

闺

=

lla r ,

o u ts id e

d ia iııe te r D

2

c a il

w

=

°

'

n u

ı n

m

}

D

; Ki D

4

tb e e u s h iıı8 o

ĝ y Đ

X

te a r in g

la te d

Į (D

52

Jt x

9 18 N / m

-

14 9)

u

Ţ

m

"

e o

X

t th e

t td n ı ı

n i

r

,

ıı l fo o

c o

r

d u c tik m

thicknee

a la

ll c a n

ja ls bc

t

Scanned by CamScanner

14 1 6

Te

a r in

g

o

:(

f th e s

t in g te

Į

4

n u

l a r in

g

0

Fı G 14 1 2 S ta b ility 5 T o C h e c k th e sc r e w

N

ow

ro

d

kn

w e

,

be

can

o

-

-

ı ift

f

o

ho

c r itic a l lo a

Jo h n

.

=

1o

d , fo

r

re a c

ye

į

=

f th e

n u

t

n u

t

d hen

a n

ce

ffe c tiv e ı e n g th

e

o

f Th e

r e n

n ım

he

th e

s

rm

o

f

a x im

m

d is frx e d

1 2 0 , fo

<

sc re w

540

p a r a b o lic fo

'

so n s

o

h e ig h t

x

2

sc r e w se

f th e

o

80

x

2

h

T

+

1

w ħe n th e as a c o lu m n w

.

screw

50 0 +

R

b ta in e d 1.

I

the

th e h e ig h t o

o w

d

c rew

f th e S

o

an

r s te e ls

u

la

can

u m

d th e

lift p o s itio n it c a n b e r e g a r d e d lo a d e n d is fr e e F o r d e te r m in in g

,

be

d

u se

2

w

c,

-

A a c

(ŕ)

1

y

(14 k

ra

=

f g y r a tio n d 14 s e c tio n d iu

o

s o

f th e

14 )

c ro ss

-

C

en

!

,

A A

=

c

c

k

1

日国

4 ıł /4 ，

c r o s s s e c tio n a

=

_

49 09

-

Iı

0 2 5 fo o th e r

-

e

l are

a o

f

d fu ce d

r o n e e n e n

screw

an

d

d fr e e '

Ĵ

Ì

4

4

54 0 -

ffic ie n t fo r d c o n d itio n

o e

12 0

郝曲目 曲

(Ĥ sig

曲 ぬ

ー

J o h ııs o

'

n s

。

fo

a ıu ı n ı

is

ju s tifie d )

Scanned by CamScanner r r

W

15 19 8

=

cr

308905 N

=

F 6

1

3 30

×

X

(

49 09)

W

>

>

4 × 0 25

is M g h ly r w f h d p o in t, th e d e s ig n o t e s c e D e s ig n o f th e H a n d le b u se d T h e fo llo w in g p r o p o r tio n s m a y e 9 1 n ın ı 1 7 5 × 52 1 75 do H e a d d ia i ııe te r D 3 52 1 2 6 ım ıı do p in d ia n ıe te r D 4 2

r o n ı th e

s ta

b ility

s ta n

tis fa c t

o ry

-

-

-

sa

2

T

ta l e x te r n

o

T

T

=

T

o m en

t to

du

to r q u e

-

1

lm

h ic h h a n d le is

w

fr ic ū o

to

e

2 7 9 90 7 6 N

-

: 11

ar

/' c

T

ŝ

T he

×

0 14

e ft e c

t o

32

×

×

60 00 0

270978

2 7990 8 +

=

f th is n ıo B e n d in g Æ

兀

7

32 4

=

ıe n g th

o

T

P

r

-

m

m

n ıe n

=

fr ic tio

co e

een

sc re w

a i ıd n u

n

b e tw

ffic ie n t

o

f

e en

t

co

he a d

screw

lla r fr ic tio

n

a lıd c u p

-

0 14

2 7 0 9 7 7 8 14 m

-

m

5 5 0 9 × 1 0 3 N n ın ı t is to b e n d th e h a i ıd le en

t

[o b ] T

33m

=

b e tw

n

×

ś

a

ke

[o b ]

ー

1 6 5 N /ııu

n

2

fo

r s te e ı

3

3

D

-

3

D

뜨 16 5

ın

f th e ıe v e r r

L

×

1

P

550 9

=

n ıo m

3 2 × 55 0 9 x 10

D

,

m m

3

-

b je c te d

su

T2

+

1

a

×

10 3

0 77

=

_

400 138 0

e

=

× m

ffo r t

o

f

o n e o

p

e r a to r

-

40 0 N

(a p p r o x ir n

a te

ly)

L1

m

h a v e a r e d u c e d le v e r le n g th to ta l m o n ıe iıl T h js c a n b e e ffe c tiv e ly d o lıe b y n ıin in ıiz in g c o n s id e r a b ly r e d d ïe c o p ) to r q u e b y h a v in g r o u iJn g Ir ia io n (b a ll th r u s t b e a r iï ıg u n d e r tı s lid in g fr ic tio n In

o rde r

to

Scanned by CamScanner

14 18

9

p e s ig D5

づ

D6

=

0

f B o dy B

n o

1 5 D

l2

=

l3

-

2

2 11

2

-

0 25 d.

Fı G

1

W

W » c ıı Đ A t

AB

A D ta n o

.

d is ta

d y is

×

-

1 7 5 × 19 1 2 5 12

×

24

-

0 25

-

ııc

e

94

ヘヘ 部

ぜ卫ぴ

,

52

×

13

_

e

=

圆 89 =

de by

u s in

m m

335

=

m

g th e p r o p o r tio

ns

m

m

m

m

tA C K

w

sm

is h ı th c

38

m

n ı a

m

e e n tJb e ￡

b e tw

60 8 9 +

60 8 9

m

is

19 1 2 5

_

1 ÌO G G Æ

13

14

.

127 5

_

2 2 5 × 85

半

2

e s ig n

-

ı0 0 Đ w r f 1 诬2 94 ?

.

fC I D

o

1 5 × 85

-

2 25 D 2 1 75 D 6

=

7

o

is 2

t

o

n ılï ı

p

ja c k ]s in R e f e r to i 4 tb e

th e b 14

o

田 田

ı5 9 8

ıĦ M B

=

M O

H = =

H

聋卢罚 ł

邮

回国際

Scanned by CamScanner

2 18

(口)

rh \

F IG

14

TW O

14

CK E X T R E M E P O S IT IO N S O F JA :1

L

aD s

d ra w lo a d

u

d fo

tin

h

e le m e n

t o f th e

g

o n

eac

F r o m th c fig u r e , f 9 240 N

w e

fin d , [h a t th e

ıa n ı

rce s a c

sc re w

j

a c

k

ro

d is

a re o

su

5) i 14 1 b ta in e d (F g le n si a te b je c te d to

Scanned by CamScanner

14 2 0

0 1-

SS08 6 N

50 8

5 50 8

; ,"

6 N

山

Fı G

3

T o a r r iv e a t a p r e lim in is c o n s id e r e d

a lo n e

Ķ

4

4

[? ]

X 90

T ake d

M

W

=

e a ir

ħĄa x i m

c

=

9 24 0 ,

17

d ia n

ıe

u m

to

m

te r ,

r

ia te

o

f th e

sc re w

d ia m

e

te

r,

te n s ile lo a d

9240 N

・

-

a r y e s tin

14 1 5

qu

dc

=

11 44

m

m

(s ta n d a r d ) a n d

m

d

-

dc +

e

-

w

E

g

ta n

_

p

17 +

(qb

+

a

) n ım

-

5 _

)x

19 5

t r o n ı T a b le 1 4 2 n ı m

2

Scanned by CamScanner

T

2 x 9 2 40

°

F r k tio n to 。

19 5

×

2

o

F r ic t io

r cı u*

三

+ 4 67

(8 5

ta n

x

)

4 2 16 1 N

=

m m

to pc lu e

n

謝了

尸。

Fı G 14 1 6

C ık T

ı Ðı ıł o ıı o

f M

a x im

P r in c ip a l S tr e s s 16 X 4 2 16 1 T -

u m

o r s io n a ıs h e a r s tr e ss

.

墅

冗 《

D ir e c t te n s ile

s tr e s s

o

=

=

c e d m a x im m

o

š

=

1

￡

ııe ııg lh W

e

J(š)

o

/4

d

an

+

f th e N

h a v e to 4W

mc(

d

2

ı ı

+

r

2

+

.

[o ]

<

,

d

c

S

17 / 4

th e p e r m is s ib le

2

+ 43

I

2

2

v a lu e

2

2

aı ı

n ım

ut

c a lc u la te

m

4 0 7 N / n ım

-

2

a g a in s t

Y

17

=

k

J(

9 0 N /m

=

x

n

che c

2

68 5 5 N /n u

=

u

p r in c ip a l s tr e s s

L7

9 2 40

.

Æd

in d u

兀 x

43 7 N /m

.

3

an

d p

th e n u ıııb e r o f th r e a d s

[p b ]

-

5

in th e

n u ıı a r e s a

n u

tis fa c to ry

t

4 X 9 24 0

(2 2 2

nn n

=

6 03

172) =

.

10

\

7 th r e ą d e °

s a tis fa

5

X

=

d, + p

i .

-

17 + 5

-

22

m m

Scanned by CamScanner

14 2 2 ob

n

t4 3

le m

l c a r r ia g e T h e th r u s t i s c a rri ed o n i 0 m m n s id e d ia m e t 4 d ı t a e r a n d th e le a d

th e to o

dr iv e

[o

te r ia m e

)

d d e te r m in a ıı

ĺ Ėiv e M

th e p o w e

e

ıS e le c tio a te r ia

Scfe w

C 4 5 s te e l w ith

[ü ]

į

=

q

3 6 0 /3

O

-

y

36 0 N / n fa c to

=

u ir e m u e n t

2

f

r o

s a fe

s h e a r s tr e s s

[T ]

,

T h e p r e lim in

2

■ o

J

[T ]

=

d

24

m m

d

d =

o

T he v a lu e

d

N 3

,

To

um

+

c

s ta n

H e ig h t ・・・リ

+

c

o

リ c ı

be r

c he c k

d e fr o

m

w ea r c o n s

V

P 2

p

-

f th e u ı tn r

n u

te

t, H

qu

r

e on

c

ho

qd

=

f th r e a d s is tr

m

30

=

e a o s， n

sc re w

27

_

2

24 + 6 e

ıe

6

24 +

_

d a r d d ia m

o

H =

2 5 fo

=

s te e

d ia n

m

te r fo

o ın

th e

an

lit

n u

2

fo r n o d bro m

scre w

ith 6

w

n e

t

(a s s u n ıe d )

h a rde n e d n u t fr o n ı

m

ı ı

p itc h is

m

se n

=

is g r e a te r th a ıı th e 2 5

6

m

r

oa

r sp

m

一

-

n

7500 N

-

8 N /m l sc re w T abı e 14 1

m

co re

2

n ı

id e r a tio

[P b ]

m

th e

T o ta l to r

ın a

6 0 N /m

=

d)

e

2 5 × 8

x

M in im u n ı s ta i ıd a r d (fr o m T a b le 1 4 2 ) -

(a s s u m

7 500

×

15 4 5

d

2

m

y d e s ig n is

a r

(a s s tın ıe d )

3

-

ĺ o2

=

W

12 .

2 5 N /m

ー

ty

n ı

N o t M a te r ia l ro n z e

rp m

u ıı

2

1 2 0 N /m

=

p e r m is s ib le

B

o u ts id e

m m

ta te s a t 3 o

ro

n

he re FS

w

Fs

-

re

lla r 6 0

co

sc re w

l

a te r ia

M

r

a

×

27

˜

互ıヱ)

67 5

=

m

m

in im

u m

re

q u ir e d

m

P a r g in a lly g r e a t e r th a n th e p e m th e s m g ıh c o n s id e r a tio n s

ıitt e

d

v a lu e o

f 1o

th e n u t

fC r ĝ x " .

H h in

n

m . "

.

It is

assu m e

d th a ılt

°

p

.

-

0 15

W u

Scanned by CamScanner

4

.

S ta b ility

o

f S c re w

d is s u p p o r te d in b e a r in g s a t b o th e n d s it c a n be h e e x tr e n ıe s it u a tio n in w h ic h th e c a r r ia Be is a s s u m e d to h a v e h irıg e d e n d s T h a s m a x im u m th r u s t is c o n s id e r e d a t th e e n d o f th e s tr o k e a n d th e s c r e w S c r e w r o d i tr e a te d a s a c o lu m i ı h a v in g h in g e d e n d s a n d c a r r y in g a n a x ia l th r u s t o f T 5 0 0 N d 24 c 1 fo r h in g e d e n d s = = n k = 6 m m c S in

th e s c r e w

ce

ro

,

,

・

-

4

4

E E fï e c tiv e le n g th

-

12 0 0

+

o

f th e 67 5

sc re w

+

-

1

=

s tr o

2 1

=

ke

10 0

=

13 6 7 5

1lk

=

136 7 5 / 6

+

×

10

le n g th

5 o

N /m

f

m

n ut

2 +

c le a r a n c e a 【

b o th

e n ds

m m =

22 8

Scanned by CamScanner

国虹 14 2 4

f ill b e b e tw n e T he re o re \ w fiE e d o 2 h 4 t A « iill b e g r e a te r a n S u le ss ￠s in tlıe T h n a d s s b ￠a r W 孓 = T d sa c w

1

ee n

a

an

d 4

an

d th e

a c tu a

łfııc to F

o

f

ÊM

7 500

-

W rd nn t

=

do

m

P o ııtr ı po

=

-

D

2 a

2

6 -

(fo r

ī

11 25 X

t

2 36 N /

Jr x

2

n u n

30 <

s te e

m n ı

l)

3

×

[r ]

<

3

-

25 N / m

=

m

2

(fo r b r o n z e )

m

w e r

AU M Đ

E

=

7 50 0

-

\

t

1 1 2 5 × 3r x 2 4 × 3 2 = < < {r 】 60 N /m 2 9S N l m m

◆

es

to r q u e

an

30

50 6 3

ig p P r

x x

oce

g ï ıla r ×

ity

o

f t h e le a d

15 8 9 7 N

-

60

dw

ve ı o c

2 tr

m

ls

ss

sc r e w

15 9

w a tts

e

h a v e d o ııe in th e s c r e w ja c k Ħ o b le m w e c a n o b t a in th i i i l e n t a f dim e n s io n s o th e s c r e w b a s e d o n th e c o m p r e s s iv e ı o a d (E q n 14 6 ) A fte r d in ıe n s io w s c re w r a n d a r d is in g tb c c he cke d sı (E q n 14 12 ) T h e n m a b e a n n g p r e s s u r e (fo r s a fe ty a g a in s t w e a r ) c a lc u la tio n s c a n b e c a r r ie d o u t a t io n s a ııd th r e a d s h e a r s t r e s s c a lc u la tio n s a r e (E q n 14 10 ) S t a b ility c a lc tıı c a rrie d o u t in th c u s u a ıw a y A

s w e

,

,

D iM

14 13

ı n

e r e ııtia

ıa

m

d C

ic a tio p pł

o ıı ıp o e n

d S «r

ıı s v e r y s lo w

e w s

f th e s c r e w is r e q u ir e d a n d i en r e q u r e d S in g le th r e a d e d s c r e w w ilh sn ıa ll itc h e s w ill m e e t s m a ll m o v e m e n t r e q u ir e m e n t b u t th e th r e a d s w ill p bc w e a k M u h ip le th r e a d s c r e w w ill iv e fa s t n ıo v e m e n t b u t it w ill in c r e s a e g h c c o s ıo f m a c h in in ı d l b ill t t a h lf n a l w k w s o e t i iı r i i s c e s a e b e e s ty T o o c n g a g a c e r ta in e x ı b e n t l e a b o v e m c ııt i o d iffic u h ie s c a n b e o v e r c o m e b y h a v in 8 diĦ r e n tia l a n d c o ıtı o u n d w s c r e p in

so m e

s o n ıc o

th e

a

r c a se s

,

a v e ry

fa s t

m o iv e m

m

o ve m

ı ıt o

t is

,

,

,

_

F

日

«b » N D

SCRE W

Scanned by CamScanner

C

om

po

u n

d Sc rew

d iffe r e n t r o d s a s s h o w n in F i u r e 14 17 U s u a ll b o th th r d e a y g s ha v e th e s a rn e p itc h R o ta tio n o f th e n u t (s c r e w ) c a u s e s th e tw o s c r e w s n u ( ts ) Io rn o y to w a r d s o n e a n o th e r If t h e d ir e c tio n o f r o ta tio n o f th e n u t is c re v e r s e d sc re w s m o v e a w a t f h r o m o n e a n o th e r R e la tiv e d is p la c e m e n t i e y s e ual q to th

o r

e

E

xa m

p le

T

o

e ja c k g gı

ĦG

.

R

e fe r to

p r o b le m

14 4

14 48 . Scanned by CamScanner ,

ta l o

Pj ł tn e s c r e w Ħ 14 1 ť \! h a n d w n e e ııs tu r n e d C l o c K w e o łıe tw ı n tw Ir a m t a d is ta n c e P ı A s A r o t a te s th e s c r e q * 8 w iu \ w a ıd in th c w ł w ç \ļ o \ \ n w lu h y a d is t a n c e Ę t o t a l tlo w n w w d m o ī r lııe i ıt o f b l w a r i l in ti l a w c ll ll l ť ı n c þ g n a h ť r a m ť w ilıh e (p l p ) T h e r e ĥ ì r e b y k e e p in g (ĺ }l p z ) w w l w tu ı c l l a ￠ r ď th c s c r e w c a n b e o b ta in e d fi e n \\ \\ì e ın c n ts w rv n R e fe r to p r o b 1 4 2 a ııd ı4 8 k c r c n lia l s t r e w ja ç t» if【 ł : c \ n ( ıx a p ı o ı * tı lc u ı EM c le a c y ( a u t io n i d is p la c e m e łıt o f th e s c r e w fo r o lıe r e t n ł O u tp u t - l\Æ tl x r c la t w h n f u t t e o q»

\ ı\

ı

'

In p u t

-

In p u t ttw T

(ĺ w

co m

sc r e w

pl

)

X [W r

\

/

2 ) tu

o

\

+

ı)

c￠

t=l

W

[d 12 ) ta n (￠ +

a

ı)

lu tio

f th e fr ic tio

*V {p ı + ı

re v o

+

W

+

f th e

łı o

n a

lm

n u

ı

ıı s e ı

«m

in th e

p 2)

(\

)ta n \

+

°

2

Ĵr

.

2

Jr

P 2) W

(d z ' 2 )tu

ı

(￠

)

P ro b ı em o l 45

(d

put

r o ï ıe

*￥ i[p l

(ĺ o r d iffo , c sc r c w

,

u tp u t/ In

O

-

In p u t tt tr q u e x 2 tr fo h su m q u c is c q u a ıto t e

14 6 .

ĥ

A U th r m t

an

d g u id e

in g d e v ic e is a te d p o s itio n o f 380 i ū iııg b e a r in g s w ill b c o r o

d e s ig iıe d

to

ra

is e

a

ı n a d

ty p e

Scanned by CamScanner

14 2 7

be

m ay

f th e

o

D 1

es

e c te d gı

n c

e le c tr ic m o

ı gn

[o . ]

[r l 2

co n

sc re w

an

d P o rų

F a c to

į

=

u t m a te r ia

16 5 N / m

.

[o , 2

2 82 5 N /m

=

[o . ]

x

ŝ

d

1r x

ro n z e

W

=

a s ta n

23

=

2

m

2

2

=

d)

c

o

b ta in e d

s c re w

o a

c o n s id c r in B thc

d

16 5

x

s

m

2

m

,

L

4 5 0 00 , d c

.

C ho o

3 3 0 N /m

-

y

[T ] 2 5 N /m m (a s s m e te r (p r e lim in a r y v a lu e ) is

l: B

m in o r d ia m i ıp r e s s v e lo a d o n th e

4

O

-

r

.

FS

=

(u n h a r d e n e d ) W ith 2 (g iv e n ) o f s a fe ty C 40

Scre w

.

f lh c

to r

m a te r ia l : =

N

e n s io n s o

d im

(a ) th c

in e

e te r m

f S c r ew

o

S c re w

.

D

m

m

18 6

=

d a r d h ig h e r v a lu e fo r p 5 m m fr o m -

m m

T

b le 14 2

a

3

T

-

4 50 0 0 X

D ir e c t o '

c

c o n ıp r e s s iv e s tr e s s

d4

n

M

a x im u m

s h e a r s tr e s s

°

.

F

e s ig n

4

A

o

fN

S S U tııe

-

-

. ?

ー

10 N /m

22 5 N / m

2

nı

>

u n

2

fo

[p b ]

r

=

d)

1 17 7 7 4 N

=

nm

ı

23 3 to a x ia l lo a d m

2

J(Į ・ ( r

m

2

[r }

<

u t

[p b ]

a s s u n ıe

Æ x

7 3 2 7 N /m

-

D

d

)

°

10 8 4 N / m

-

23 2 / 4

x

n

3 6

+

du e

=

. .

Jr

0 1 4 is

=

°

4 500 0

=

ı

ta n

X

2

Ut (8

bro

m

2

=

2

8 2 5 N /m

2

+ 4 9 32

_

2

n ı

e

1 0 N lm

2

Scanned by CamScanner

1a\ 2 H ,

lh ￠ M

#e 1łp v ı

W

\ w ťı

t

p

n \ n \,

la n w ıc ır# ı H

-

ï \, u n tı

Ĥ n Łl ť

k

ı t

-

n

h tlt k P v Y m m

\械山川 赭J 伸 4パ ' ı n r o ť n lt \ıln tc th o « c r c w Ir lc lilm \u n t t t ı ı ť h t\ ı￠ it* h i ı\￠\\ l\m & \\( ľ n u « ￠ n n w , ı c n d u c o tl m a »d m デ

\ Pı

_

・ ・

'

I\\ c

j

o n \I

te r n a Aı

\

\

nou

J

V ,

J, : X u

d z d

3 7 林m

z

W

ni

c a

2 fu

=

己o p t d i e ， 己o

lt

re s u

N

ow

T

=

ro e s w e ,

c he c k

åt

w

ťo

an

ll w ith th e

42

田 m

。

38

田田 an

a

T

42

8

m m

°

8

-

°

19 2 2 6 2 N

3 5e ) =

+

42

X

1r

.

17 8 5 N / m

-

=

(8

ta n

x

-

c a r lie r

=

￠ 4 50 0 0 ×

d p

) a

=

ts

n u

b in e d lo a d in g

r co m

(￠ +

b ta in e d

o nc o

lid

r so

=

,

T his

m ax

.

r z m o N n tlia m o lo

=

m m

2

m

」ぎ：

f)

4 5 (X X ) O

=

c

(n

・

x

ĥ

N

o

o

fnut

o f tlu

.

3821 4

S a tis fa c to r y N o te D e s i n fr o m th e s

H e i吕h t

39 6 9 N / m

.

J(c a ds

m

2

三二

2

17 8 5

+

2

.

26 7 N / m

m

2 <

lr ]

ic k e r g iv e s q u 4 2 = 84 m m

a tio n w e a r c o n s id e r

H

-

-

e

1 ı ctqı ı \ 14 ı *ı o ı u ı

n a \ \ 1» ı cı

M A n n t ħm « te A p p n

.

,

,

to r q u e a n d s tr e s s d u um s h e a r s tr e s s Į

n

=

qd

-

Ţ

S

=

10 5

-

-

C h e c k th e T h r e a d s fo r S h e a r 4 50 00 ı d ıt re w = = n ir d t 1 0 5 x It x 3 8

2 x

4

Jł

}r r三 4

ı

82 5 N / m

=

戴

m

d

2

s o lu tio n

(s a tis fa c to r y )

,

.

T

d nut

6

,

.

-

.

.

Tdut

×

8/ 2

4 50 0 0 -

10 5 x n

x

y

7 42 N

.

2 <

2 /m m <

[r }s te e ı ĺ lu\ r n

d

25 N / m

m

2

46 x 8 / 2 th e r e n d is n d th e o a t u n h e in t o r te d is fix e d a n d th e r o d ia s u p p h e c o lu «n n t f o d c la

o n e e n d o f th e s c r e w d b "llera w e 아he r 嘣 Ķ c o n s 访豳 娴留园目国 .

8 98 N /ïn m

.

ï

'

e

―

― ı a

L

Scanned by CamScanner

14 2 9

T he re ĺo

n

,e

2

-

.

t

le n g th

=

,

eFfective)

scr e

d is p la c e n ıe n t r e q u ir e d h e ig h t o f th e n u t 422 m 3 8 0 + (8 4 /2 )

-

t/k S iııc e

W

llk

1 2 0 , th e

<

.r

f Jo bn

u se o

R e q u ir e d to R

co m

fe r r in g to T a b le 14 1 , fo b in a tio n s lid in g s p e e d is a s s u m R

e

R PM V

f th e

8

n u

× 10 10 0

=

Æ X

ach

rev o

42 lu tio

.c

to r y ,

t (N N

h a r d e n e d s te e l e d to b e 8 m /m in

lin

-

-

)x

n

T iın

e

to

_

w

n

ill

r a is e

th e lo

×

8

f th e

485 28

=

caı ï ie

d

o u

,

th e

r e q u ire đ

an

d b ro n z e

nul

ð n v n ıın

a

d to

scre w

a

d is ta n

-

N N x

ce

e

d th e le a q u a l to

p

/ in

ı m

i th e lo a d d d į s p la c e n ıe n t o f th e

ım

X

60

se c

sc re w

lo a d =

46 98

Iifffff4 6 9 8 s e c is c o n s id e r e d to b e t o b e u s e d r e q u ir in g tim e 4 6 9 8 12 to b e

se

ra se

3 80 4 85 28

359 5 kN

60 66 r p m

_

V =

・

d =

e a r v e lo c ity o

60 66

becau

sc re w

(p itc h ) V l d o a

4

8

r u n

10 0 0

s

N N E

o

=

ju s tifie d

la is

u

is e th e ıro a d

T im

a

4isf

th a n

.

.

7

e

fo r m

.

_

abihty E

T h e d e s ig n fo r s t o f s a fe ty is o n ı y 2

fa c to r

'

so n s

44 4

=

4 ×2 × \

1

1 133 5 X 330

=

422 / 9 5

=

e

m

=

-

h a lf o f th

+

o

se e

lo

se c

an

d o u b le s ta r t d 46 9 8 /3 s e e

x

m

・

-

t a g a iıı

Scanned by CamScanner r

po w M

er (u

P

. ￡

p

T

N

w

X 1ı9' 2 2 6

T hu s

1 5 kw

(n e

e c

cm

spe c

N o m in a ıd ia

c

do

dc

m m

14 20

m

ra

d d e ta ils

g iv e

a re

n

in T a b le 1 4 3

ds e z o id a l T h r e a ı ı

d ia

M

ea n

m

d

M m

C

d ia

o re

A

a rc a

m m

z

p itc h P

21 5

2 69

5

18 5

22 5

255

38 9

5

28

25 5

29

5 11

6

32

36

33

683

6

29 5

40

32 5

36 5

8 3 1»

44

40 5

10 4 6

7

36 5

48

44

12 2 5

8

39 5

43 5

48

48 5

531

184 7

50 5

551

20 0 3

58 60

T错

o re

iħe d

24

52

巨

bı e 14 3 T

a

/s ,

l th r e a e /tr a p e z o id a T

n u [

u ı Ln c

lıp o w e r lo s s in th e th r u s t b e a r in g s th e b e a r in g s a n d th e g e a r tr a in )

G F ı A fe w A

m

y

v c ıu w

tin g s m a

g u id e to r w ill b e

m o

12 2 0 6 N

.

60

w 1 22 k

.

60 66

×

2

a l ıg u l ia r

-

m

粤號 C a k 》la t ie n

P i

P

e T he ta a u

=

d ia m a

bo «

ve

9

B ım

u ıd ,

dļ

e te r

d e ta ils -

M

p

a re

8 9

9

四ır e r

ea n

=

m m

7

14 8 6

鳥叫声ir e ı目e 皿 t 55 5 d ia m e te r d

,

=

5o 5 w ta

ŝ 5

m m

,

c o re

f

ke

ı ı ro m

'

a re a

-

2 00 3 m

T a b e 14 3

ţș

ħ į

Scanned by CamScanner

14 3 1

0.1 ta

￠1

n

T

-

:.: 10

55 1 X )0 0 0

pow

b e g iv e n

e r to

P

T

=

EM

c ie n

q

}l

-

H

4

e ig h

N

1B Is

W

x

T

×

.

)

2

X

X

o

N

m

0 3 29

.

.

f th e

n u

32 9 %

=

4W

d

(d

-

16

ig h t

10 4 2 9 N

・

1 2 00 0 0

.

scr e w

0 00 9

-

n

e

F

60

[p b ]

[p b ]

4 X 12 00 0 0

H

=

sc re w

f th e

o

re v

t

u

f th r e a d s

u n ıb e r o

f th e

o

12 0 0 0 0 × 2 X 10 4 2 9 × 2 tr

2 7r

t o f th e N

10 4 2 9

=

l r

tp u t in

2p

+ 3

W

1 9 kw

=

in p u t in l

w o rk

=

K

r

w \o r k o u

P

ts

2 tr x 7 2

2n N 5

10 4 2 9 X

-

a ls

(5 G

ta n

°

n u

2

t A

7 8 59 5 N

-

3

× a

h fo r b o th t e

x

ta ııW 1

-

° 5 9

-

co s

[W Ş

-

.

￠1

,

-

p

c o is

0 10 3 5

t

=

(6 0 ?

p X

n

50 5

2

)X

9× 9

-

17 5 N / n

_

8 32

=

2

ı u ı

(g iv e n )

9 th r e a d s

17 5

81

=

ー

n u ıı

14 3

P r o b le m

n lr e c h f a bo u t 0 5 m m d to i e o f the o f 5 4 5 k N a ıı ıe th e s z t d e r n ıiı e w r t a fo r c e d e l a o i e v s re s m f th e n u t c o ııs id e r in g c o p fr o m b e a r in g r e v o lu tio n o r o f th r e a d s b e m u n n ı i u i m n m h e t e r m ın e i l c o m p r e s s iv e l s c r e w w ith . p e r m is s b e tio n ) A s s u n ıe s te e u m n ac e ' o s\ f ı r a o p e a r y c k t ta e (a l:o w v a lû e in o r d e r o 2 tų /m m b e a r in g p r e s s lır e o f 1 l ib e i s s ı m e h i a t w t u p ııd b r o n z e n pro

du c e

a

m

o

tio

o

n

aT a a

】H b S 1

C

ore

D ia

(c ' c] 50

2

ca n

ha v e

(p 1

ın e te r o

s

p ro

b le m

f th e S c r e w

lo a d Æd

/4

54 500

dc

Æd

o

/4

f th e S c w

=

37 2 7

m

m

s=

38

m

m

w s

sc f

d a r d p itc h o f p 1 - 8 m iıı (T a b le 1 4 2 ) T h e 8 5 W s o tł ı a t th e r e la tiv e a p itc h o f P 2 th e r e q u ir e d v a lu e p ), 0 5 w

have

the

t

=

=

P itc h e s

.O/zx'

hı

a s ta n

-

o

th e r

e

x

ųv sb o sc re to

placement

is

equ

al

2

Scanned by CamScanner

r

14 32

s c re

Fo r

sc r e

fo r

n ı lo lm o Nı

\

Fs

IJ

w

1,

1

-

-

w

2 do 2

X

+

P1

-

38 + 8

46

=

5 = d c + P 2 - 38 + 8 d s in E n g a g e m o f T h rea

,

Nu

d.

er

m

m

46 5 en

m

m

t

(E

fo r s c r e w a is le s s e r a o B e a r ilıg a l cu l at i n . n t he c ı d e s ss u w 1iı 00 cre

1

w

he n

co m

p a r e d to

scre w

2 H

q m 1 4 1o ) e

ce

d

o

1

4 × 54 5

t2 =

=

n lt

(4 6

2

d 8 6 th r e a s

38 =

2

)

9 th r e a d s

i

Scanned by CamScanner

14 3 3

14

lg h ts H lg hı 1

2

po

T hre a d s th r e

ads

u se

d in

d in

s c re w s

ja c k s

s c re w

a re : a

d itftc u lt

o re

m

,

u se

m e

w e r s c re w s

to

C

,

h in

ac

m

,

m o re

a d a p ta

no t

\

la m p s

th r e a d

) sq u a fe cu

c

b le

e

to

to

e

l le a t l

o

ffic ie

n t

a

lit

sp

th

v

an

n u

s c re

t

th r e a d , a d a ta b l p e

w s , e tc

or

Ą c tn

b)

e

Ąc ū 1

th a n th a t o f s q u a r e to a y is s lig h u y le s s u s e d fo r tr a n s la tio n u h e ad t r s s e t t u r B n d c e ) a s i h t e e r Þa n u L c a n be c u t w i f th e s q u a r e U ]r e a d a h e h ig h e flīc ie n c y o t b e s i n n d o l m c i n t th e e o d i e n c o o n e r y a ise to a s p lit n u t o f th e A c m e th r e a d li o f c u ttin g a n d th e a d a p ta b i ty f th e th r e a d , th e s c r e w w ith l o ad 0 v e r h a u lin g : If fr ic tio n a n g le < le a d a n g le o w iu d e s c e n d o n its o w n

th r e a d E ffic ie n

c

ĥ

,

3

4

s e lf lo c k in g lo a d

5

Su

in

e sse s

If fr ic tio

n

1) T

s c re w s :

an

e gı

>

e n s ile

le a d

o r c om

an

6

A

e

e

ffo r t

u st

m

a

p p lie d to lo w

er

th e

in th e b o d y o f th e s c r e w du e 3 ) S h e a r s tr e s s in th e th r e a ds

to r q u e

1) T he w e r s c re w p tio n s m a d e in d e s ig n in g a p o h ı th e th r e a d is g th e th r e a d s 2 ) B e a r in g p r e s s u r e

in d ir e c t s h e

be

s tr e s s

ssu m

am o n

7

to

ax

an

an

p ir e s s iv

ia l lo a d 2 ) S h e a r s tr e s s d u e 4 ) B e a r in g p r e s s u r e o n th e t e a d s to

e gı

to ta l lo a d is d is tr ib u t ed u n

ifo

3 ) T br e a d s

rm

ar e

ar

f p o wų íe r s c r e w s : 1 ) M a x in ıu m s h e a r s tr e s s a n d m a x im u m p in c ip a l s tr e s s fr o m v a lu e s th e \ r m is s ib le s tr e n g th a g a in s t c hec ke d an d c a lc u la te d are i k d h h d f t c e s s c e i h a t e r o e r w e ar m u e n r i b s s d d re e r n I a c 2 u e c o n s id e r a tio n ) n g p b i s c re w ja c k ) c h e c k a g a in s t u c k l n g is a ls o c o n s id e r a tio n 3 ) In s o m e c a s e s (e g e s ig n

D

o

,

,

c a r r ie

d

8

M

9

B a ll b e

o u

t

a te r ia ls

an

a r in

d hen ce

ffic tio n in

10

M

u

C 4 5 , C 50

S c re w

40 C

,

r

N

l

u t

C I

tin

o r

b ro

n ze

M a jo r d is a d v a ııta g e in p o w e r s c r e w is h e a v y fr ic tio n a l lo s s g scr e w lo w e ffic ie n c y Fi c ti o n c a n b e n ıu c lı r e d \ıc e d b y r e p la c in g s lid in g h ıg fr ic tio n th e t e a d b y r o lı

ltis ta r t th ï e a d s

are

he re

used w

la r g e lin

a

e ar

d is p la c e m

e n

i t o r lıig h e ffic ie iıc y s

d e s ir e d 11

C

o n ıp o u n

To g g le

(e g 12

d

scre w

sc re w

lik e

e te r

ic r o m

u se

is

u sed

o

b ta in

la r g e

\

la c e m

en

t w ith

se

lf lo c k in g

a b ility

ja c k )

D iffe r e n tia l m

d to

is

tï »

o

b ta in

v ery

fm

t c m o v e m e iı

(e g p r e c is io

n

in s tr u m

e n ts

)

i w Scanned i a by«CamScanner

自自・ 自 一

15

T a b le 1 S 1 F .

J"

æ

T

o

CAM S

.

lı ow

isplacemcnt

er m o

.

y

tio n

I=

c h . R a e t, r is tic °

d y/d t

"

c

i'"' A .

å

ー

イニ

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

15 3

F IG 4 5 Ic

A CC E LE R A Tı o N O F F O L LO W E R V A R IO U S T Y P E S O F C A M S

FO R

Ė Ĥ w

he r e

r

d is t a n

=

=

%

ce

+ y

b e tw =

ee n

R b +

tlıe

c a m

R

+

r

c e n tr e a 】ıd

th e

ro

lle r centre

y

Scanned by CamScanner

15 4

(a ) Fı G M

R A D IA L C A M

15 2

a x im

P re ssu

u m

In

e

q u a te d to

q

s p e c ilie

F O llo w

d

er

to

z e ro

s in c e a fo r p a r a b o lic ,

TM

"

a

R O L L E R F O LLO W ER

T R A N S L A T IN G

ge s m a x im u m

y p r o b le m r e q u ir e d 1

T h is

ta n

n

an

m

o cc u rs a re

e

A

re

W IT H

p re ss u

re

an

g le

a n

d

cam

a b e d iffe r e n tia te d w ith r e 叩c \t l【) c d m a x im fin d th e v a lu e o f e w h ic h w ilıy ie ı "

m u

IĮ w ill b e p r e c is e v a lu e o f a m a x is s e ld o m r e q u ir e d , h a n Ja o n ic a n d c y c lo id a l c a r n s to a o s u m c th a t ,

m ax

hich il

c at w a n gı

a n gle ' r r n l】 m

pp

y factoı

s a tie

.

s e q u a tio n can

be

u se d

to fin d th e m in im u m

v a lu e

o

O n se t

f P p liam \ 110

P ig u r e 1 5 2

c s h o w s th fo llo w e e ge n e r a ı c a a e in w h ic h th e p a s s th r o u g h th e c e n tr e C o f th e c a m T h e r e is a tıe c c e n tr ic ity N o w th e , p re ss u re a n i

eı da do r ai

,

,

ge

8

g iv e

n

by

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

::x

(b )

(口)

(F ig

ı r e s u lts ıı ĺ in )in te d c a

P k is g iv e n

1 5 4 b ) If P k

as,

k

er m o

y

u n de rcu t

(į d ) (à d ) ( ) (213) )

+

2

y

be

15 3

ūo ų

)

+ 2

R

.' "

ı m o w in g R p d - d o f y,

s o lv e d

th e v a lu e s

+ y

p

an

d by ,

fo

ava

a c c e le r a tio n

,

.

a iıd

th e

c o r re sp o n

d in g

v a lu e s o

fy

su

r b s titu tin g fo

d iffe r e n t "

r

" iia b le irıb o o k s o n T h e o r y o f M a c h in e s is c a lc u la te d n a te v a lu e o f p k a t a lıa p p r o x iı m in i p k

a re

in F ig 1 5 4 c

2

(v fo M o w

a s sh o w n

,

2

=

E qn

R

'

(V P

<

d M e chaw ıı e n ıa x s in g th

'

an

d

icular p a rt

X

an

u

a

a trv

te g un ī

dt

Scanned by CamScanner

15 7 ,

Fı G

1S

4

Q

S u r fa c e

Fı G

To

av o

bc

u se d t o ro ta ti tM e

15 4

id h i h g

g iv e

a

b

15 4

c o n ta c t s t r e sse s , e v e r w vh e r e

lu tio

so

F IG

n

fo

r I) .

If R

in

m

b

xn

】 s

w

c

d iu s o f th e c a m p r o file T h e fo llo w in e u a tio n c a īı g q fo r v a r io w w l u e s o f c a m ra

(1 5 4 ) F ro n ı

E q n 15 4

cu

P

c

>

M

f vo i

d

p

2

d t2 /

m

c an

Is

be n e

in

Ţ

Cn

fa o Đ ia

-

ce w

in e d w ļ

d

th a t P

se e n

be co

.

m

e s m

in im

u m

a t th e

p o in t

g a tiv e

d e r c u ttin g p

un a

it

,

c m

>

o

T

o

avo

E q u a tio n 1 5 4 to

.

id th fo in g th e

in

r

th e n a t re

la t io

id c

M gh ho o

c o n ta c t s tr e s s e s

s e a v a lu e

fouowgo

fo

r

R

h to

c o n ta c t w

ith

n

Scanned by CamScanner

F ig 1 5 4 d

U

de

n

rc u

t pı a te

ca m

ı o you t

F

ace w

id th

o

H a t fo llo w

ft

e r

į j)

)

d

į

>

m

. .

C

15 7

on

ta c t S m

056)

i.

s

iį

é ro

u.

Rfo . is

.

o

(15

th e

Ct

M e am

p ro F

R P

n

r c m

n o m

=

ra

:q A M O 糊 此缸

ith

e

tio n

po r

ltle

-

in

ta ø w

cav th e c o lı

-

.

心口Æ

ıa

l fo

d im

o

.

rc e a

f th e 一 .

. a e t 赠

t th e ĺ x »in t o

ro

ı le r

一

D i.

X

。。

o

f

ty fo

二 二二 人

.一

f

c o n ta c

A t一 e

o

r c a n ıa n

t

ft

左。 三 三 こ 愆

d fo llo iw

名

tr

a' er m

iv e lı 沁

T

lVe a ob ı

15 '

Scanned by CamScanner

뇨. T

a

b le ı5 2 æ m ı= = d e o u » a « ïc = N ııa

ra =

į aıed o ø J eei 妞ポ 畢 算 豇骊币 ・個

一 。 '

a

hu

￠y

*

4 00

a g

6 30 1 7 i0

m

i»tuam 3l m

Ėı

ĺ

In

e ttr

R e fa

to th e

W

c h ıd e

n g th i

F r id io

e

ıı o

f th e

F G ıM e

0 5

召 星 量 召

Fn

c o s o

i

s in æ

J

F ig 1 5 5 R

i◆ c [ım tr a n s la tin g lle r fo tı o pw e r fo r a

«ıd

ro

d is t r ib F

u

th

n

d as d N (r e æ tio ıı fo r c e s fr o m g ııid e m • fo B o w e r ) N Į a n h zt n c ıio tı) t a a im c o e ßĵ c ie n t o f i fo r c e s ıt N a n d p N (u f o r o d o p p o s ite ï o 1 th e d ir e zc tio łı o f F is th c s ıtm o í tio ııo f Č a n d s ri th e d ir e a io n o f n ıo p n g k x c c w h ic h a d q to

th e t h r z a in t h e

T b e th

M

m « s

iiıc

a ss t m c

a

fr e e b o d y d ūa r a m g ar d i d th e a x s a r )

ro

Ber

a re

o

b ta

in e d

ar

o

f th e f

s a m m ıa

d

se

o

,

o

t to 2 8 1 0

f

th e s m

io n ıa ￠ m ı

o m o m e n ts

S o h g ĺo r

o

f

í F.

,

w e

Scanned by CamScanner

ı 15

F

F .

.

coG a

四乡

了《 m

= e

V

=

の

ー

lio ıo

fĘ

io c itr

w

« «x

f 山c

心万国

一

.

h

c o

名 o r 《e

a f i目c r tia

― ―

=

f

Dd

S in

c ヨ园四

沁E

aa

粤西 唱

，

ぬe

田

*

ia i« R n =

n

«

*

=

a

s iæ

n n n

l iB e

ı a ııı

pmds

is d e f ir e d t

o

Fo

r

m

fa r P *e bb

a

th e

s

h

ac置 iı

代 島

g

a

p re sm r e ぐa = ı s iz e is tı 旧 tio l】 ie b ł i a r a d o c an p c y d o i

1 1 th e p r e w o *a ï ı a s h a ft iı« ı « t x m n ￠

ııp ( » ı

f th c

ip a c e a n

S p e ls d s 一

田et

al

匈

如

岫断

l

f Č p r o iñ e a m d 3 ) th c d ia n « M r M r o e d e p e a d s t\ th e ty p e o f lo n u p M in in

山此

瑶

fr ic t i聞

a 园d

u ır e o

l th c

fo 舀0

4

Č

«

)

堪红

a

p r e s s 国 nc

一

m

o

回

召 叫尹ゐぼ 워 크며 云咿 a

15 ı«

cı łr v a

=

격ゾ 憂

の

F ł a u w g Č

区

一

=

口

° 되匡

k i・E 置自￠ ん 出自回 回 国 咄 ı辱 ı

罗しく口怀 a V

T

F

{

-

d

r

M

n t?

t

T

=

k

2) \

L

띤부

圈区 ı

d° e de eČ ıp t» ı th e ņ p e ai p ı ı p s t 丘r 磊 m ıi 页 m \ Ė し石中 国 画 园 田 ł T h e c a a is o f in « n « d in e Ė ia

ca n ı 《= a

d a

ßJ

y c lo iČ 】c a n ı w ith a i r o u e r fo B o w e r h a s a r is e h o f 2 5 n a n g je ￠o f W B a s e c Ė c le r a r iim R i th e fo u o w e r r o n a r a b s 8 0 . .. . M R is 2 0 S p e e d o f r o t a tio n o f th e , c æ ıı is 50 o o I ı( a s s o f th e i o ā r w is 0 5 k g F m d th e m a x im u m v a h łe fo b e o f th e a c c e le r a tio n o f Č c o r r e s p o n d iı g p r e s s u r e a ııg je , g ifr n r ų ç o f th e « r u s e d w it h tb e lo ū o a n d n u n n n n m c a n ı fo r c e T i n e fr ia io ııb e tw e a ıth e fo u o w e r a n d Č » id e g A

c

be

T he y

h

-

de

y

e

-

W 虫 dû

一

q u a tio

Ģ

下ト

25

a

s in

ı ıs e d to o

11

o

f 巴巴

c v cı n ir la

ıc a

=

(2 )

b ta in

(2 tr

7 0P

=

is

m

(1)

(2 lr

co s

h

P

y

书自

ー

一

ıQ o L

r is c

q

00 2 5 专

(2 ) is 一

Io r th e

n

X

よ 司 ぜ d -

dû 0 2 5 )J =

ı2 2 1 7

r a

d

20 46 3

m

2 2 69

4 6 3

m n ı

ıı tm

i ra d

25 =

1 2 2 17

-

m

í

ra

d

Scanned by CamScanner

11 3

\

X

52 3 3

ĺ ) 5

-

Æ Sca p

r

m

g b

ŝ

m

b

c x iıu

i ￥

To

ro c

c

1 5 l ib

Fg

p « u ia g

\

o 2 5 in

=

2 88 0 5

m

/ *2

1 22 ı

0 5

=

ıN

w

2 8 11 15

×

=

14 4 0 3 N

A f of p h a i c th a t th c a c e c l c r to fo lk ıw e r m iis ib u i fo r c e u w r t ia » u r fa c e $ c v a ı w ith n u t r u le r a n d c r a t io n (* , M a x im u m d u w n w iu d a c e c ł

a ı) d

tıp w iır d

i*

a

m

m m

-

h

i* iıı w

(m

Fig15

to

A f

m f

-

2 11 . 100

7ž

_

force * c t tia Fl . ı

+

d/ \

ra

-

-

80

-

,

x a i» c d acecıera«m i$ o ł

F

Rt k

R

b +

,

-

w

R

=

ı0 2 26 9 -

.

lï )

-

-

a

0 7 5 4F g 1 5 ı)

-

w a rd M i n ( 1 4 , # J 3 N ) B « a ic u i u p tb c i= c r tia lkj r c e i* « a x n * ı W n th c r o \ h im ] 4 4 0 3 N . c o n ta d h a w o c ł « l c x c I I a fm c e g r e a te r w q dı ]4 , 4 0 3 N c aa to b c a t ı ın g fo r c e d a » n l b ￠ k » ı T lıc r c lo r c w r i* e " n m fo r d ı c r r Å th c n » a k * * c tlıc u Æ p r c w ir m .

,

tb J

ł ł c r W

,

th c

wig

m

ed

«

?

钿声

=

d

p oııitıtı= to Đ 2$

,

%

\

囱晒就

回国国 図 ■■

r

鳥

r i=

?S

F

.

飞

厣

=

a

# w

b

-

+

量 圈 自 风w

ŝw y

« å

m -

妫

ı

62 x

x

k '

o u rc e»

ï

d

o

t

Ž

0 75

=

\ p r i目 g

=

k

oj Ĥ

al

Z2 73

2

=

Į

-

耐 Č

\

c

0 75)

钮ir c 之 F 剪

fım ł

kx

«

p rm

6 31 7

ı

-

.

a ıd

u

Iı=

￥ łi

h

r c a cb

m

m

14 4 0 3 .

=

22 73

633 7 N / m

(r j

»

nw

=

w

t lıa t n a # i« « n

d be

m

1 5 44 2 5 N

.

O

e

a

d

a * ıp ￠i» a t tk

g r c e e

l am

w

are

iin #

e

￠ or

Scanned by CamScanner

15 ı2

į

m a x=

ze eo s

ı m

g

(b )

F

=

fin

=

q ◆气 N

Co

=

m

b a lo

R G

Fï

F 3

å

-

=

14 , 4 0 8 N ; a

Fs

.

0 3 75 =

+

F,

y

6 33 7

-

×

=

14 4 a 3

Þ

6 56

15 6

COS a

fo r c e

r

o n

s u r fa a p

sh a

f t to r q u e to u p le jtc

th e c o

rK e

F O R CE S

CAM

1 13

-

lJ438 +

25

Fil

l o nrK ı

co m

Ts

・

-

=

=

ı5 8 4 1 N

s iıł

(2 Jr

x

]

0 3 75)

=

6 56 0

4 15 7 N

Scanned by CamScanner

10 , 18 4 N

l

.

1 22 17

lp

ı

r

ı

×

LF g

=

0 0S U

F

.

aa

in g

15 6

c

40 9

i8 n

6

o

=

n

F

F

co s

F

1 8 ıF

Æn .

( Ą °

COs

_

2

.

n

b e tw

ee n

1 58 4 1 n

co s

-

=

d

is

-

(å

o

ı

f

r a ce

8 th e fr ic tio

(å ) -

ra

20°

O

=

/

ım rı

m

th e c a ın s u

o n

)

m

40 93

0 5 )1 =

x

1 12 5

=

1

ta n

=

(2 tï

co s

12 5

+

u x m a l lo r c e

Tk F

10 0

-

a

11

o 25

-

. ° 11 3

fo llo w

er an

d g u id e

16 16 4 N

)

15 12 8 N

8 4 27 N

'

i ı" D raw .

e

ndF

.

m w

d is p ı ace

-

1 6 , 16 4 N

n ı e i ıt

tin ıq

v e lo c ity tim

e

an

d

tio ıı tim e a c c e lc r a

Scanned by CamScanner

ı

コ

1 5 14

lo w t th c fo ı k e s p la c e tr L rk c ra

cr

kc

(1) S t m o (2 ) O u ts (h m

(4 )

w r o ta te s

in g ío r m

T h c [..ļ lo w

￡Ë -

25 m

o

u la s

ith

w

a u n

have be e n

m

d u r in g ņ r v

ith S H M

ił n rm u su

(sin)

d

spee

d

an

d

o

a ta

h

25 m m

=

P.

-

90

f Can

fu tn i oo ro I

n iū

f B n (t r p m

b le is [" par ed

n

.

T a b le 1 5 ]

800 °

o

P,

=

75

°

cu

=

X

2Æ _

60

83 77

r a d/ s

T a b le 1 5 3

1 67

10 4 7

3 0 3 86 3

6 3

18 14

1 75 4 3 5

30

12 5

2094

0

45

60

18 75

18 14

TS

23 3 3

10 4 7

90

25

0

0

25

0

15

22 6 1

14 7 7

30

16 3 6

239 0

37 5

12 5

25 1 3

45

8 63

2390

60

2 38

t4 7 7

T5

0

15

O

c u t s t r o lt

t

l

m

s tr o

ke

P*o b ı em A

3 0 386 3 3 5 0 8 70

505 253 408759

15 6 1 3 2

0 15 6 1 3 2 4 0 8759

50 5253

0

15 3 s s u ın in

g th a t th e d is p la c e m

i a e n t s p e c if c

tio

in im id tł t a n d th e m f th e c a m is

in e th e m h ıim u m fa c e w e n s u r e t h a t th e r a d iu s o f c u r v a tu r e 6 m m to a v o id M g h c o n ta c t s tr e s s e s da

1 75 4 3 5

e rm

,

n

o

q

g

n s

ł Įæ

u ll

w e v e ry

er

n ". .

v

- at

Scanned by CamScanner

t5 1 5

二 二 二 二

1

・ ( d ıq )

0 1

e

2 5 ı3 50 52

0 s o m m ı

2

。

I

\ ―

3 50 87 0

V

e

―

ı a

50 52 53

15 7

F IG

T a ble 15 4 h a s be

ļă ă -

Now

R

b »

w e u se

p"

"

pre p a

en

s in

E q u a tio

1 -

1 2

g th e fo

#

-

r m u la s

."

n d e r c u ttiw 1 5 5 to c a lc u la te R b to a v o id u

n

(į

u s in

d

j

d

.N

re

d tž

(E q n 15

y

)

. .ın m

P

cs m

in

6

-

m

'

1

=

2

y

7 1 99

m m

/ ro d

2

ı5 4 fr o m T a b le

ż

dt

m 一

m

25

in

rn 田

Scanned by CamScanner

15 16

T

a

bı e 15 4

ヒ 나쇠

,

49 99

12 5

43 3

21 65

25

12 5

25

0

18 7 5

2 1 65

25

23 33

12 5

43 3

25

0

49 99

25

0

7 1 99

0 15

22 6 1

17 6 3

5 8 25

30

1 6 36

28 53

2 2 25

37 5

12 5

30

0

45

8 63

28 5 3

22 25

60

2 38

17 63

5 8 25

T5

0

z n

ıU

15 u t s tro

45 60

75 90

Rc tu r n

s tn o k c

R

b

>

52 9 9

e a

do pt R

R b

W is

n ıo

In s o d ifie d

R b

U

se

Pace

fo lı o w th e

\

m e as

b

m m

t b e s p e c ifie d In n p r o b le m s p c s {n in m a y o li d e t R b g iv e n h e r e a n d a p p e to g

E q u a tio

id th id th

25

do pt F a ce

v a lu e s a

,

c y c lo

id th

w

b

46 99

>

)

@

=

60

tfi'll '"

a n' d

w

id th

Ĥ

.

m

in

m m

be co .

Ĵ

礬盪翻i

fa c e

55

R e fe r to p r o b le m

，

E q n 151

m

dt

id a l o r p a r a b o lic fr o ,

t w h ic h

s u c h c a se s

1 (D

-

m

th e m in im u m

m m

( 30 )

25

R

c a lc u la te

dt

(U

W

is S H M

o r

Dy

>

>

0

>

1 5 6 to

n

w

er

55

-

Face e a

25

m m

7 1 99 +

w

7 1 99

0

7 1 99)

(

6

>

.。

. .

'

6 3

30

ke

,

0

0

O

O

国 园菲

F ig s 1 5 1 b

m

m e m a x im u m

.

To

s

15 8

an

e v a lu a te

an

an

d

CC

d 1 5 Ic , m

in im

no w e k

w

u nı

.. (d) . Te

ly

.

d 15 9 V

Scanned by CamScanner ―

―

7 1回 。

冒 lı

罗罗

ぢ

1?

U

li#i h

la tin * th c ah u

ť

u

ra

d iu

lc

s u

R

u r v a tu r e

a w \ id

Tu pk ın ın

27 27

=

hs

ri s u

ln

a r c ta

m m

an

d c r tu in w h ic h p L» r

pn Jgr a m s

e s t im a

e s tim

is

k

te

Stm

ke

◆

«c

H

a te

d

a t

a

1 5 3 is

d iu 5 3 m

10

=

s

u se

R

+

o

d

ue r

ra

d iu s

m

e n ce

b e g r e a te r t h e r e is n o

ly t h e s m a ll in

u e vaı

te r v a ls o

HJt

f P k n \ in fe can be

M

c a se

c o n ıp u te r

o

,

s

m

e

d

b le 1 5 5

0

0

0

4 9 Qq

H

O

O

82 2 1

IS

1 67

2 5 ı

43 3

Ĵ fin ó 7

0 34 0 8

18 8

839

30

ö 3

2 1 65

25

4 ı3

0 5242

27 7

62 9 5

4S

12 5

21

0

47 5

0 5 26 3

2 7 75

44 1

60

18 75

21 6S

25

5 3 75

0 4 027

2 1 93

37 6

75

23 3 3

12 S

43 3

58 3 3

0 2 14 3

12 0 9

34 0 1

0

49 99

60

0

0

3 2 73

0

7 ı9 9

60

0

0

27 2 7

90

Return

u ltl

ho

a c c u r a te

T

0◆

s

rc u

n

15 5

iıb lc

t\ in g p k m in d R , - 1{i m m

dc

u n

h u la tc tıin T

E q u a tio

c ir c le r a

B a se 25 +

-

p =

T hc

,

0

25

匕

22 ö l 16 3 6

17 6 3

58 25

57 6 ı

0 30 6 0

17 0 1

30

22 2 5

5 1 36

0 5555

29 0S

37 5 45

28 5 3

37 49

12 5

30

0

47 5

0 6 3 ı6

43 7

8 63

28 5 3

4 1 63

0 6539

1 2 38 ı..

Z Z 2S

32 2 8 3 3 18

17 6 3

3 7 38

0 4 7 16

2 5 25

0u 0u

Ts

2

7 1 99

N e g a tiv e

v a lu e s o

In F i g ı5 2 , ca m

a tn

fP

k

H

W

55 32 4 45 3

35

in d ic a te th a t th c

c a n ı s u r fa c e

is

c o n cave

b e c a o w c r a Đd s is n ıe a s u r c d k w i s e fr o m th e fo lı fo r c e li is N o w a is e s o n th e ń lıt s id e o f th e fo llo w e r a x g lı o w cr s id e r d o f th e lo e p o s itiv e If e a n ıfo r c e lie s o n th e le ft s id e a H m lo řw w e a s u r e d c o w t e r c lo c k w is e fr o lıı th c tO ı rn h ıd ic a tc r e tu . c s a tiv e p r c s s 1ır c a n g le s a

,

―

―

ı

r x s d

Scanned by CamScanner

口

15 18

P r o b le n

Oo

= -

1

15 5

ı

O °, e , 25

h Ąį

A t e o

-

,

fo

e - 6 0 ° T a k th e tM c k n e s s o f th , 1 o n u ıı M a te ń a l u s e d is s te e l

r in

o °, \

-

e r tia

In

a ııd

15°

=

rce

,

g fo FI

rc e

m

-

Fs

,

O (b e c a u

-

d

d t2

d tz

니

か

ー

t fo

N

e

P

r e ss u r e

F

tio n

rc e

,

F

Ft

=

g le

an

a

,

=

c o s a

d iu

a

s o

f

p

서 一

8 2 2 1 10

-

c

ı n

/ 52

rc e s

are

(T a b le

15 3)

o w n w ar

0

+

15 7 )

fo

d

c o n s id e r e d

87 7 N

=

15 5 )

87 7 N p r o file , p

fcam

72 2 1

=

87 7

=

82 2 1

-

k

10 m

(T a b le

_

co s c u r v a tu r e o

p

m

3 50 8

_

O

-

F =

n

R

-

Fs

+

飞

.

pk

-

c

r

(T

n u n

m

a

b le 1 5 5 )

n ı

-

,

E

、

恕 ぽ

2

ソ

・ 。

。

1

.

一

ce

一

"

唯

p

ぷ

17 0 1

=

"

Ps

、

撫 只

義 豫

，

F

×

=

t0 0

X

2261

=

(

29 97

m

m

19 W

m

M

22 6 1 N

=

4 0 8 T6 )

1 0 2 19

*

d 12

=

_

c o s a

10

×

5

N /m

2 m

fo

r s te e

l

co s

17 0 0

u

-

v

a

Ų '"

w

u

w

m

u

ノ

W

_

。

(T a b le 15 5)

(d o w

2 15 8 8 N

=

m

n w ar

10 2 1 9 N

=

2 158 8

F.

譬

0 25

=

-

k

10

22 61

-

Fr

p

29 97

-

c

2 1

-

2

n ı

ー

女

E

-

2

1 9 1 3 N lm

-

1

j

0 M i

=

ー

(F ig

is p o s itiv e , i e , u p w a r d T h e r e fo r e , in e r tia fo r c e is d o w rıw a r d D p o s itiv e a iıd u p w a r d fo r c e s n e g a tiv e c c e le r a

as

O)

-

d

f

c am

0 2 5 × 3 50 8 8 7 TN

-

-

A

y

se

p la te

e

d)

(u p w

(d o n w

a rd

a rd

)

)

22 57 7 N

내

縈 嘘 一

1 1 1 4 4 5 N /m

-

2

n ı

弗

豢 縐

3

e

=

,

?

l

y

-

2 38 m

=

408 76

m

/ 52

]5 3 ) (T a b le

Scanned by CamScanner

ı5 1 9 25 l

￡

ß

10 )

.

Fı

-

4 55 3

=

=

p it c h

a u se

c u n e

tu e is

W

11

u w

u

w

m

3 ?0 1 9 =° 25 c o s 25

CoS a

o o ıx a v c

)

(d o w

3 4 0 19 N

=

c o n ea v e

)

liv a r ı ı

d)

3 7 6 15 N

-

36 7 3 N

Fo r th e o dń v e ı

f to T a b le 1 5 3 o

R e fe r 1

e,

dy

°

=

Ú

(u

=

T

=

-

6 47 ,

8 00

r

1 4 77

.

2n

×

Fy

ra

o

dy

14 7 7

_

34 0 19

1

X

-

15 °

=

y

j

1 67

-

F F

0 25

ı=

a ııd

(d o lw

2 158 8 N

=

d tz ıw a r ı

d ) (P r o b le m

15 5

)

d/s

/S

m n ı

4 77

T °

×

F

.

F

ï +

24 2 9 6

.

7 5°

y

)

: ￥ °

s

-

.

T

.

/ 52

q ıı 15 9 )

x

(

u

m

m

pw

(d o w 16 7

m

a rd

75 96 N

=

047

23 33

-

,

75 96 +

=

s X 1

v e

(d o w

w ard lı

) (P r o b le m

15 5 )

m

1 047

_

16 7 N

=

3 4 0 19 N

=

6 N

_

dt

(+

F

,

dy

m

303 863

30 3 86

-

d tz

F

m

m

1 6 7 × 10 0

=

s

F

o

303 863

-

d t2

0

dt

(E

d

4

・

,

th e to r q la e r e q u ir e d

ı ıin e

(试)

83 73 0

fy

m ı ı

◆

T 3

F

/ S,

n ım

83 73

_

,

th e v a lu e s o

r

dt

,

u s

o

w

m

ca

d n p r o b le n ı e te & an d e.

f th e p r e v io he n e, - 1 5

th e Đ ta

'

ı

u

-

s

is

\s j

iıı

m

(b e c a u s e th e c a n ı p r o 2 3 8 N (d o v n n w a r d )

.

F.

bec

s ig n

L vc

( T ıb k

m

m

10 0 = 2 38 x Z ıY 4 0 8 76 = 1 U 0 25 X Ļ 238 1 0 2 19 F +

.

F

,

445 3

-

ı

44 5 3

(

￡

P

/s

)

(d o w w ar rı

=

w a rd

)

d)

242 96 N

(d o w

n w a rd

)

3 m

/ 52

dt

(d o w

30 3 86 )

=

.

1 0 47

n w ard

m

/S

)

75 96 N

(u p w

ard

)

23 33 x 1 0 0 - 2 3 3 3 N (d o w n w a r d ) , F + F = s 2 333 7 5 9 6 = 2 2 5 7 N (d o w 22 5 7 × j 047 28 22 N m 83 73

n w a rd

)

Scanned by CamScanner

1 5 20

N

o te

a n i sha

c

ft to r q u e is

f

o

a

lte r n a tin g ty p e

a n

d h e n c e lh e

p o * iliv

u es n e g a tiv e to r q

15 7

P r o b le m

.

tio

f

can i

a

fu n c T h e d is p la c e m e 0 s O Ś 2n m co s e)m l 0 0 1 = e by y ( ) T hc c a m n h c c a m r o ta tio t a n d e is (

T

l

o

n

he

w

,

Iu llo re

e * n lj

m e c ha n i t$n ı i\ lh c Ib lı o w

w c r

y

s p t c d i\ 1 (X X )

cr

rp m

m e n

!-

T ht

ĺ

:"

f11ı

ı h T i i i n w o h u t e s t t o o l ı g h c fı1d A i its lu w c s p \ ı lle r fo llo w e r is n o ł w h e n th e r o í h f ı l , h t o c ) o t w l t n c r N e u 0 l 1 u \ id c lh g i s r , e w l l o f o h c c t i d n l u idc g * m o v e d in c u R 50 m m , R B = 10 0 m m , h lo rn h o f th c g u id e , m A = 4 o m m , le n g t d i d h t n h e a l u c th ı t c n o w e e t w e b g " e i n fito /i n 01 i ff c ie n t o f r c e h o c e d t n a h a \ r o ta te d 6 o u e w h e n th c c a m a m s h a ft to r q c o m p u t e F n a n d th c c

dcł ct\

y

(1

10 0

-

co s

d d0 d t

dt

O)

(1 0 0 s in

w

=

=

O)

d0

d t2

dt (0 =

2

cu

=

3

1 00 × 1 0

co s

60°

10 4 7

=

2

X

の

'

60

A

'

In

卜

Fï

到

鹂 翼 轵 。

)

°

c c e le r a

fo

e r tia

g

is p o s itiv e is d o w n w a r d

tio

rc e

@

W -

54 7 8

=

n

10

d

=

9 81

u

,

54 7 8

x

pw

=

m

(10

T h is fo T

p re ssu

o ta

r°

'

+

50) 2 0

is

a ls o

rc e

ldo

w rıw a r d

"

し

do fo

团团团回国 =

10 4 7

ra

dA

)

c o s o u

y)

×

-

5 tJ

S p r in g

m

u ı

s lifrn e s s

1 200 N

=

w n w a rd

rc e

F

1

Fï +

Fs

5 58 4

+

12 0 0

=

1 7 58 4 N

r=ļ --5-

i : ī ī =

、

F

2

558 4 N

-

-

/s

二

a rd

° D is p la c e m e n t a t e = 60 is y - 10 0 (1 (In itia l c o m p r e s s io n + S p r in g F o r c e

Fs

1(XX ) × 2n

0 05

-

(E q n

F -

15 8)

n

ìl

cos a

1 7 58 4

2 U uJ

co s JŮ Z

0 0 5 56

4 0 + 10 0 10 0

17 5 8 4

0 7 85 7

×

.

s in Ĵ Ö L

24 0 8 6 N in d u

ce

d

co n

ta c t s tr e s s

Scanned by CamScanner

[J

낳 豸

15 2 1 U tx ) 7 7 58 4 x ı 10 4 7 152 \ N m

￠

ı UO

=

«i { r

W

M n

10 0 X

*

10 4 7 × O ,

喂h 7 1 bķ Proiı

00 °

哟m

.

/島

153

m

ıc a m

A r ıd ia h m m w it ri8 2o is le r a d im circ

W

c

r o ta

te

a

s

p le h a r m ( he c k

s im

'

m m

u a tc P Io c v a ı

ha v e

T o ta l c a m

an

g le

p

t 120o

ith \r a n s la li n lłn a t f a c e h lk tw cr in ı50 u l c a m r o ta tio n T h c h a ile w h e th e r u n d e r c u ttin g w ill o c c u r u s in g ti u a liu n 1 5 m ı n q 4 o n ic

rpm

w

m o t io n

ı

,

,

1 50

x

n

-

-

IM )

2 62

ra

c r a tio n (m T h c p o in ıo f m in im u m a c c c ı l a t . m a c n a a s e w c g P (F iß ı\ I fo r s H M o c

(拿)

陇

一

Pc

m ı n

R

-

Ş(

-

d ia n s a x im u m

c

)

m ın

P ro bı e a is 9

>

)

'

)

h

+

y

+

ił '

y

d t2

-

(c o Pc

acceı e r a tit»n

吕

, + u

-

n e g a tiv e

4 3 ó 2 m ın

q H

c ￠K c

th e r e is n

d

«l u ı ı c rc u

20 rre s

nı m

p o n d in g ıo e

・

Iw

)

ttin g

\

。

け 。

ペ

ー 。

い 。

百

，

p

遮 。

。

. 。

，

淫 籬

Scanned by CamScanner

医 15 2 2 2 (4 0 + 2 0 ) +

R R

-

蚪

(4 0

+

m

=

P r o b le m c

+ 20 ) (

y

,

4￠ )m

加

Itł ï n

ı n

m

R

>

in

H

r

en ce

th e r e

,

i6

n o

u n

de

rc u

ttin g

.

X x . .

Pa

-

p

ıs ı0

ra

A t

b o lı c

p

75

_

,

P

6 (r

=

F u ıd P

km

=

a x im u m

25

C y c lo id a l A t

p

=

m

o

fo

r

p itr a jx Ąi r

c

tio

n e

g a tiv e

=

10 0

a c c e le r a

tio

n

d

o c c u rs a n

v e lw

ity i$

z c r rj

m m

75

ー

ı n

io n tı

o

\m

-

h

-

m

ソ

2

(4 0

2 (0 )

14 3 8 )

o i yc ı

1

一

2

2 10 )Z +

48 4 P k m in W e fın d p k m

ı

イ 쟤

3/ 2

(0 )

+

25

m

m

n

0 T5ツ

m

a x in ıı u n

n e

g a tiv

e

a c c e le r a tio n

o c c u rs

小

群 一

냐 一

弱 国

73 2 + 23 87

3/ 2

Scanned by CamScanner

15 23

H inı pe sin ıDı

3

At

ļ

å

1,

-

Rp

+

y

d (u

m

O,

.

dt

w

o n

arm

ic M

o

im

u m

Č

y

75 +

-

dt

Pk

10 0

2

+

(2

x

g a tiv

25

25

=

兀

0

m

a c c e le r a

e

2 X

O)

o

3/ 2

38 ° C a lc u la te t h e thc r o lle r is 6 m m A ls o -

m ai

D e te r m in a tio n

m c

×

25

(T r / 1 J V

)

10 0

(

pro ble m 1 5 1 1

o

2

冗

+

c c u rs

m m

=

2

tio n O

m

10 0

Ţ

(1 0 0 -

n

n e

=

co s

_

2

2

h

-

t io

\

)

1 12 5 )

2

-

1 12 5

=

47 05

m m / ra

d2

m m

in im u m r a d i u s o f th e b a s e c ir c le if a lc u la t e th th c r a d iu e a m o u n t s o f o ffs e t th a t is n e c e ssa

ry

o

o

f

to

f R b

\

t

m m

th a i

g i. e .

.

.

24 7 5 °

Uk .，

Scanned by CamScanner 回国里

15 2 4

1 5 ı1 .

C

.

a m

s

o

f S p e c ifie d C

o n

to u

rs

ic r , fo llo w e r m o t io n w a pi s p c e ifi ha v e se e n c a rı e «l b lı r ł o w c r m o ti M a n u fa c tu r in g c a r n s w it h p r o file s to s u it t h c ty p e o o n i s d iffic u lt a n d c o s tly F o r th c a c c u r a c y o f p r o file a n t l th c of f c ir c u la r a r c h a n d ×tr a ig h t lin e s th m a n u fa c t u r e , p r o file s s h o u ld h c fo r m e d o ; t h tJ n cl c ir te o r T s e c d c i e n m d r t h f e e b n t e o i f g f ll c h m o t o n o t e o ow e r can cam $ y is k n o w n a s c a r n s o f s p e c ifie d c o n to u r T h e s e c a r n s fin d w id e a p p lic a tio n in IC e n g in e v a lv e m e c h a n is m In

th e

carns

w e

chcaness

y

'

5

e

)

1

(o ) C ir c u la

r

o rc

ca m

w

ith flo t fo ı lo

w e r

Scanned by CamScanner

15 2 5 ,

ï\ w cn ı

x ıı nr ł lr c u ı \\ ( l l l

h ı o w cr bı th e l

\0

lt l\

n

n

fu

tt l

cņ

lh ť n łın k (c u r v

l)n

d

r*c

e

A H)

ıv r

ı \ l) )

lp r w O

» t\ıı* tııı hnw (}

'

r

\・ 1 (v ł & l# )

￠ )

l

W

n

th e

\o w ĥ tı

er

ı %

tt Ħ

2

Į

d

=

1\lı T a n g e n t

tu

lh ť

(r q (c u

ca n i

(t u

n ıï » e

r

\ ) c :) x

m

w

(0 2

llı \

o

o

ı

￠ ))

ti t r u

. ,

o

(r c tu r d u ıit t n )

\￥ h l n u

n

k » ) M th

ı e r

(o ) Ta

n

ge

n

t co

m

w

ith

ro

ı le

r

ı

fo ı lo

ro

ı ı r ıı er

fııı ı tm

r

d iu ı

w er

及 fı o n k

no 转

g (b ) M

o t io n

c

ho

ro c

le r is tic s

F IG 15 9

Scanned by CamScanner

5 26

1

ı th e oı

W lıe tı th e fo lı o w e r is

na

n

lin k (ı

e

A B )

O ś e ś e

(a c c e lc r a tio W h e n th e fo llo w 1

y

er -

is

th e

on

(r s

r

n o se

(c u r v e B D )

o

0)

c o s (0 2 4)

ś

,

e 5 o

n

)

2

2

(r e ta r d a tio n ) P

ro

b le m

15 12

T h e fo llo w in g d a ta r e fe r to a c a m o p e r a tin g th e s u c tio n v a lv e o f a 4 s tr o k e p e tr o l e n g m e : L e a s t r a d u s 1 0 m m , N o s e r a d iu s 1 8 m m , L ift 4 °, C r a n k 3 m m , c r a n k a n g ie w h e n th e s u c tio n v a lv e o p e n s b e fo r e T D c e w iıe n th e s u c tio n v a lv e c lo s e s a n e r B D c 5 o °, c a m s h a ft s p e e d a n gı ra l T h e c a iıı is o f c ir c u la r ty p e w ith c ir c u la r n o s e a n d fla n k s It is in te g rp m s h a ft a n d o p e r a te s a fla t fa c e d fo llo w e r w ith th e c a m -

-

=

=

=

=

A ls o re

ta

rda

tio

n

c a lc u la te o

th e a n g le s o f

f th e fo llo

ca m

ro

ta tio

n

d u r in g th e

8

an d a tio n a c c e le r

w er

Scanned by CamScanner

15 2 7

o

s

pe n

F IG

1 5 10

a

F IG

15 10 b

1 R e fe r to F ig 1 5 1 0 a

A

g le

n

fcran k

o

1 80 +

4 +

-

2 C o r r e s p o n d in g 20

50 g le

an

2 3 4 /2

=

z

a

cu

=

U

n

In

kn

o

is

,

'

3

en ce w e

į

=

'

'

th e u

n

4) co s

b ta in

kn

o w n

is

(' 5

he n

w

t)

=

fo r c e to b e is o n th e

u m w er

O in th e

OC

2

2

s R e fe r

-

-

'

'

f

3

1 +

'

-

4

lift

1

r

to F i

4

g 15 1ob c

+

-

O C

18

2

1

)

.

a r

1

+

o n s id e r

o c

+

cyclc)

q u a tio n ı

ı 5 1 1 ı)

tF ig 15 8 ) e x e r te d b y th c s p r in g s h o u ld b e ů n o se

,

m

,

in

(p a r a 15

)

a m

in

d

)

ie

,

25

15 8 )

(F ig

f4 10

18

.

T

tr ia n

25

_

m nı

lift

de

2

11 1)

,

o c 1c

2

u s in g 12 1 5

cos

(15 + 0 e

e

ke

(p a r i

e r

O C in F i 1 5 8 2 g

4 C C 1

s tr o

n

W 2

o

f c r a n k s h a ft fo r fo u r

o

n a l fa c e d fo llo w

a

in im fo llo

m

tio

a

d

1

th e

n

n

°

a x im u m r

O C

qu

e

0 2 to

_

58 5 spe e

fo

-

1

ta tio

ro

-

w e r ıs m

he

u se

ft

x

) c o so

w

5

d pu t 0

ow

02

to c a lc u la te th e

(ı /

N

1

ta r d a tio n

"

an

'

sha

,

s u c tio n

°

cam

f th e fo llo

ow n

re

d H

f

s h a ft

(' 3

o rd e r

m a x im u m

ev a lu a te

2

o

d u r in g

n

234

=

1 1T

=

(S p e e d o f c a m 3 A c c e le r a tio n

t a t io

ro

0 C

1

25

co s

c o s in c

=

la w

m m

IO ,

m m

;c w e w r ite

°

12 1 5

°

Scanned by CamScanner

15 28

iC

O C

，

ı

C 12

6 N

o w

s in

u sc

.

W

l0 3 贸)

-

15

田 田

0 0 1

+

15

-

10 3 3 0

+

s in

' 12 1 5

s ın

12 1 r

e

s in

o

A

n

g le

o

tcam

ro

ta tio n

d u r in g

a c c e le r a t io n

A

n

g le

o

fcam

ro

ta tio n

d u r in g

re

ı0 4

48 1

1

,

58 5

=

l

is

c c e le r a tio n

2 U

=

m ax

2

8 4

=

im

m ?

W

3

x

O C

um '

w

he n 0

n

óp

,

=

10 4 °

,

°

0

=

1

8 4

-

,

=

ta r d a tio

,

2

80 X

0 10 3 4

x

w

2

=

60

(r e ta r d a tio n )

Q m in

cu

-

W he

2

1 76

-

8

n -

84

r a d/s

ml

73

◆

m m

į

s in

O

11 8 3 6

=

e r u le

.

02 7 A

=

0 C

m

-

z

ls

cu

=

2

8 4

(r s 2

'

4

)

0 025

X

Į

th e

fo ı lo w e r r e a c h e s th e to m o s t o s it i o n (D ) m a x im u m r e ta r d a tio n p p o c c u r s (F i g 15 B b ) i e th e a c c e ie r a tio n is d o v w w a r d H e n c e th e in e rtia ĺ o r c e a c tin g o n th c fo llo w e r i s u p w a r d (s im ila r to th c c a s e s h o w n in Ħg 1 5 6 b ) a n d to p r e v e n t th e lo s s o f c o n ta c t b c tw ( c n t h c fo llo w e r a n d c a ın th e s p r in g h a s to e x e r t a d o w n w a r d fo r c e M in im u m v a lu e o f th is fo rc e is m a s s o f th e fo llo w e r x a n

,

,

,

=

-

-

m

0 25 X

1 76

in

m

-

2 50 g m

(} 4 4 N

°

ñ

Scanned by CamScanner

1

r e fe r

T 2iı Ľ s

1S 0

g

.

.

æ k

L W

R e fe r

幻ビニー

一

l

刃

犹!

ı r ia a

立負主

f4

25

f4

C

50

田

=

N

=

,

'

A C

ı a«

]0 0 ?

=

匮if ı 东妞目晖

BH Ďf 4 ı c

e

a

W

c

C

i

q

OC qr

*

tranie

z

15 0

=

75

a

e

=

C

ip ıı an ı

e

4

l

2

2 1 38

=

=

2 1 38 ra

«

=

×

10 0

m dm

g

67 5

'

4)

X co *

l læ

n c am

e a ıg ı

acc e k n

d ın in g

u m

ııłn ł

53 62

l io ř

t la a M

m

w

12 8 6 ・

×

ııl ııı

* ū

12 8 6

g le O C ıC į z

1 1op

co i

z

g瓯

iıg

2 ı3 8

r ia ı

-

'

O C

, r

4

.

O C =

.

l

f4

d c ıe r m iıe e ı Tb e

ı o

=

fiııd

1o

{7 5

-

写明巴

17 4 4 7

-

r

150

-

4

2 0C

yin g

O

r

1

-

4

,

田 田

c o s iæ

ıse ı

łl 15 l\

f4 C

=

ı50

ĺ

75

-

ı

)io »

z

r ig

C B

=

g le O C ıC

A O

重

ı刃

=

C

f tb e

一

AC

一

w

15 1 ı O b ıa m

F ig

1o o

'

m

d i ıs

ra

Je o H

八

a

k

m

e

53 6 2 -

im aı

i￡

iiĘ -

eį

e

◆

70

23

.

E

=

ı

23*

ı =

4T

Scanned by CamScanner

15 90

e c ir c le

d ia m

f 15 0

e te r o

m m

r o ta te s at

2oo r ° p ln i 1 i 2 n n t 0 o o m ! i c f b o o c am r i th p a r a w m o t m a tjo n 5o r is e s f th e p r e s s u r e a n g le fo T h e fo llo w e r ° th e v a lu e o d r (i) i f n o 3 r a di i a n g le s al w h e n th e c a m ite th e c a n ı r o ta tio n e q u a l to 10 m ln s o o t p e f p s f o r e f llo w fo llo w e r (Ü) o (B U N o v

A

r a d ia l

ith

w

c am

p r im

a

.

Iı= 5 0

!

.

P

m m

r

12 0

=

=

12 0

0 25 R p

°

2 09

.

15 0 / 2

-

e

ta &

75

=

=

30

°

・

0 52

96)

,

ra d

m m

,

(E q n

2 00 (D

y

20 9

ra

d/ s

60

=

21

$

fo r p a f a b o lie

=

2

50

0 25

鱼

×

×

2

=

6 25

104

10 e

=

+

6 25

,

0 1 7 13

9 7

Ēś 0 5

(T a ble 15 1)

m m

10

=

ー

a

tio iı, fo r

2

ダ =

m o

4 加 ùe / p

一

23 8

752

× 2n =

=

15 1)

a n u 】

Æ

=

de

l

°

r

)

20 9

ı 国

×

泫 4 97 6

=

23 8

a )/ t IĪ M

d

Scanned by CamScanner

1S 31

Hı gN

í

F s

:

ļk

tL

・

tit * Į

w ( ı tı v

ı\ r u

a

* h ts

h ・\ir

1$

-

i

ı u \l e s t

n h \t w \

i

tu +\x n \n n \

a«Ch

ta

th n \

v ıe

in s i t u a \ n

u š ed

gtm le

rt s h Ħıh ı m

\

e

t

x

s

u

i

30 "

jlh

u « in

sm

ţ T n ı】 e w

B

C

10

g

th e

m a

do e s

*\\ tu ł \t\\ \ n

ı H )t

l

h iı\\\o ť th ņ ı\ì ll\\ w

o\

n

&n

ac

h ie v e d b y in c n ł ing th e p ıin tı) c iw lo ł u r g lc is tu d u w \\ d u r in g th c r is o

ı ï s e t ĺ u 1Ðs s u N

ro

sU r s s

,

28

o

d

c

a

m

ith ū a t fa c e to llt\w

w

Iin

w er

» iith

r

u se

w

e

s r I\\ \i\ı u

l th

:

er

ir lm g g lin ix

l

n tte lı\p te

\

e r

h e c k fo

n e

ı lc r ħt llo \r

f p itd

n tn c t e x is ts

m

fa tig u e fa iı u te m

ile r

u e

m tt

If th o

w er

r i\L llu s

is

>r n i llı

t s u r fa c e

d h e n c e th e y

f

\ ł

su

h le c to \ l

s u r fa c e s

C l, C 2 0

w

b u ris e d ,

an

d

d

fo llo w e t \ıflĶo t in e r tia fo rc e o n o f p re s s u r e iın g l& i i u m r a d iu s o f c u r v ł \tu r e fn r n c ł m n un t m e f t h o u s a c am ıc e q B a s e c iıc le r a d iu s fo r a c o m w ith Ĥ u t fł\c e f{t llo w e r » n d c o n tn u t

e a lc u

fo

iu ı h a r d e n e d

bar Đ

m

c u r v a tu r e

F a iı u r e is d u e

s

w

c am

p la te c a m r a d iu s o f

fo llo

a

s u r fa c e

vıe r, c a m

lle r fo llo m

in

d

se s

fo

p \・te

a

in im

an

p r o b le m

th e fo u o

ilh

c

ta tio n

m

c am

ı

l M

L r

in

s ro

o Lx u r s

ıte r ia ls

m

W w

r

n ta c t s m

an

40

u

c am

u tĽ n

e tw ť ť n

￠ o m

g

ll

a

g r e a te r th

9

th t u s t

v a l\

er

ţ T tb ı m w

8

s id e

eıiu«

n

fų ü n \ w

T

tlıa t th c

so

a n g le 5 R O h a x ī n in ĺ w e s s w B y h a \W a s ın a ll fo llo n w

&

ı im ila ti\ ī n \tc

sw

r

m

la ū o

n

,

d e r c u ttin s

Scanned by CamScanner

°

G

16 2

1& I o

E X TER N A L

D in

ea «n a

\

k

G E N E V A M E C H A N IS M

ı&

F ıG

'

m » s

i

G E N E VA

M ECH M

ı SM

ns

fe r to th e F is p r e 1 & 1 石 A s t h e p in e M e r s th e G e n e v a w n e e ı [\ n ti a lry w i山 lıリ 山 f t (a ų o id in g s o lid im p a t t ), ° + P = Æ / 2 In o th e r w o r tlıe c e n tr e ıin e s o he d al s lo t a n d a a n k m u s t b e m u t ı ıa lly p e r p e n d ic u la r a t e n g a g e m e n t a n d is p g a g t m c n t T h e circolar s e g n ıe n t a tta c h e d to th e c r a n k e fï e a iv e ly 1,x l& 】 sT th e w h e e l a g a in s t r o ta lio l ı w h e n th e r o lle r is n o t in e n g a g e m e n t, a n d a s lo t p o d id o s th e w h e e l fo r c o r r e c t e ııg a g e m e n t o f th e r o lle r w ith th e iıe x t R

e

A

-

.

r

Ė

r e

=

-

ź

d iï ķ

黛 如 姓 i黜 d e l in

一

一

了 2

口

卢

一

譽 一

sa "

-

a f th e d r iv in g a ra n k d is ta ııc e b e tw e n th e c e iıır e s ra

Z

冒 ん買 ち

且ı 一

a

-

口

卢

(1& 1)

Æ

sm

-

n 四m

be r

夏

(夏

g a n 客}e f o s lo ts

o

f th 心 d r iv e n

二1

=

(16 3 )

2

2Z

S e m in d e 区in 吕 初택咖 ば th 心 d r iv e r

s in

ß

一

co s a

一

c os

仨 ) ー

ゾi

ア

3 (1óĻ )

Scanned by CamScanner

e e ıo n

g le

k o

* gı

rn

F ıG

w

be

rc

R

ra

=

T h e lc n s ıh h ◆ R r »

(R e fe r

Io

m

o

n

16 1 b

d iu ı

f th c

o

f « ie

o l *ı

w

n cva

i* g iv e

n

be c ı

u

e

16 2 ) u a tio n $

ıi ıa

ĦG

n

d 1 6 3 in to E q n 16 4

16 Z -

Scanned by CamScanner

16 3

(l6 6 ) ith

w

t

%

o w u ıg c o

s in ıila r ly fo r th e th c c o n d itio n is dw . 2 ll s in

d is c

,esiz

.

T

o

fG

to

be

en eva w

s á tis fie

Id le lim

.

T

o ta

A

c tiv e tin ıe

P r o b le m

Id le tin 16 1

lńd

ra

d iu

ı

D is ta

50

s

n ce

ith

68) b c le s s th a n

a ls o

(R h )

A

s ° fu s t a

p p r o x im

a tio n

.

n

2z

'

"

j

2

Z

Z + 2

ıe

e te r ın in e

k

w

2Z

e

D c ra n

(16 7)

Z + 2

e

l tim

e re

h e e l s h a ft

c a p a c ity ld b e c h e c k e d fo r to r q u e d is c fĐ i A c tiv e tin ıe o f o p e r a tio n o d is c fo r o n e r e v o lu tio ta l tin ıe o f o p e r a tio n o f d r iv in g

o

u ıte r f

d

(l ţ

sho u

d th is

an ıo J

e m te r fe r e n c

n o n

sh

f dh

d itio ıı h a s tı

d in ıe n s io rıs o f a G e v a w h e e l h a s 6 s lo ts

th e g e o m e tr ic

T he G

n ım

b e tw

cen

een

en

en eva

w

h e e l fo r d r iv in g

(e )

tr e s

(E

w

16 1)

2

ll

=

R

3

.

=

e

h

=

_

0 8 66

X

10 0

=

86 6

siı ı+ c o sZ

1

=

s in

À1

e

0 86 6

-

Z 0 36 6

x

e

m

m

D is c

d

<

2 11

0 2 68

X

,

A do p t d

D Ia m

COS

e te r a

=

tG

3 0 °】 ,

e

25

d

m

sha

CO S

36 b

=

30 m

m

lt

<

0 2 68

×

100 ,

￡

0 268

»

30° +

0 3 66 × 1 0 0

-

.

<

5

V F Ï

.

e n g th S lo t ı .

4

Ä2

r71

d

<

26 8

m

m

m

ı e va \ eı

h e e l s h a lt

Scanned by CamScanner

16 4

W

e ta

ke d。

a r A n gu ı

tóA

T he

r e la

V

ta n

-

35

=

a c c e le r a

tio n s h ip

1

t io

d !Ł

a n

b e tw

cu

À

Fo

.

d in

e e n

i t

a x im u m

w

ge t

r

{c o s q

i e ïà c w e

n

、

he el

v e

k

fo

an

ith a n y v a lu e 4)

i

e

e r t ia

c ra n

 c o s qb tia tin g E q n 1 6 1 3

B y d ifıe r e n f th e w h e e l, o c itiy o ve ı

M

田

m

ı o c ity

w

g le

f

en ev a w

￠a n d

re sp e c

o

fG

rc e o

w

h e e ıa n g le V is g iv e n

t to tim e

cran

k

heeı

,

a ııg le

w e o

b ta irıth e

ity

t

￠

=

f th e d r iv in g 0 P u ttin g qb = o

cra n

-

w

1

m ax

fe w e r th e T he v e lo c ity

T he ı aı g u la r

À

la r

(1 6

in th e G e n e v a a c c e le r a tio a ı ıg u la r ts

w n

a

o

f th e

a

16 3

F ig 1 6 3 fo w he e l

STı CS O N C H AR ACTERı A C C E LE R A Tı TH R E E X O TTED W H E Eı

H

æ

)

15 )

h e e l th e h ig h e r th e m a x im u m is o b ta in e d b y d iffe r e n tia tin g

(1 6

Fı G

]ļ

O in E q n 1 6 14

(U

s lo

a ıı gu

k

À (u

13 )

(1 6

v e lo c

o c cu rs a

(1 6 qb

.

.

a s

r

￠ v a lu

16 )

e s r a ııg in

g

OF A

l a t th e b e g i n

n

in g

d en a ıı

d

Scanned by CamScanner

J 'Ţ

.

ť

16 5

中= 耳目 二

口

一

2

a

冗

万

冗

-

察

"

Z

2 2

士 u f ta n

冗

(16

ź

17) l i i w a a d s s n i x a l e c n co m y B T h is im e a n s th a t «ie n e v a w h e e p a n ie d b y i i d b n n n a n t e h h a t t e t ff t e g a i įm p a c t lo a d in g (d u c to in e r t a e e c ) f s lo ts gth e h e a v ie r w ill b e n d o f th e th e im in d e x in B m o tio n T h e fe w e r th e n u m b e r o pac i d i k v l e c e n s h o c u d se in G e n e ife o f t e g T h e r e fo r e , fo r a lo n g s e r v ic e ı va b e r o f s lo ts m e c h a n i» m , il i8 p r e fc r a b ı c to h a v e a la r g e n u m b e ￠in

w

d

en

,

,

,

A

a ı m

a

id d le p o in t in in d e x in g ￠= O

t th c m

lle r

n u m

be r

o

f s lo

ts T

h is is s h o w

n

an

d he n

ce a

-

.

0

in T a b le 1 6 1

8 s lo ts in in d e x in g m e c h a n is m In d e r iv in g th c e x p r e s s io n s fo r c u . A n d a w ) th e o r e tic a l c o n d itio n s th a t th e c e n tr e lin e s o f G e n e v a w h e e l s lo ts a r e r a d ia l, th e a n g le s b e tw e e n a d ja c e n t fitte d to th e s lo t w ith o u t a h t t$ a r e e x a c tly e q u a l a n d th e p in o f th e d r iv e r is h i i c le a r a n c e h a v e b e e n a t$s u m e d In p r a c tic e , d e v a t o n s fr o m t e id e a l c a s e a r e in e v ita c H e n c e , c x p e r im c n ta lly o b ta in e d c u r v e s fo r a ). A n d a . D iffe r c o n s id e ra b ly fr o m th e th e o r e tic a l o n e s ï t i8

B a

An

.

b ė tw

re c o m

m e n

d e d to

u se

6

f th c v a r ia b le n a tu r e o f a i n i Th e r e is a n ìis le a d s to a s s o c ia te d in e r tia e ffe c ts ı d s lo t a n d h e n c e e a r ly w e a r o f s lo ts

d

een

he n p in

ce an

.

5 4 09

弓

17 3 4

2 2 99

6

22 54

'

1 35 0

7

27 3 3

'

0 9 28 4

8

3 1° 3 8

'

0 6 99 8

9

35

'

03 59 1

10

38 30

ı

0 4 6 48

°

"

" °

eaı w

o

fG

16

e n e v a ıh a

R

r c e a c tin R

6 1 bı e ı

'

ņ

a c c e le r a tio n

g r e a te r fo

ı

D

.

a

a

g u la r

t v 24

4

,

an

e c a u se o

T

16 S

or

ı R e fe r to

P ig 1 6 4

Let

ln ıta n ta n e o u s le n g th o f a c tio n = to r q u e o n d r iv in g s h a ft = to r q u e o n G e n e v a s h a ft w M 《 = fr 沁出加 to r q u e M u 龄 in e r tia to r q u e P w = fo r e G d u e to th e to r q ıłe b

1 M M

-

・

た，

f

-

蟹 썲

fo n

心口心ffic le lıt， a M u ł ne

o

fG

d to b e

en eva

吕a m o

d is c

(W

n c e l)

砒 G 心国 釣囈 b e a r 加&

a lld

at

多 国■自由 ■Scanned 曦 by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

16 8

s c a le x

a x is

1

c m

=

y

o x

is

1

cm

=

1 c

A

de

u n

re a

m

d

ro

0 0 435 N

=

th

r

0 0 87 O SNm

cu rv e

e

50 c (a p p r o x ) 5 0 × 0 0 4 3 5 = 2 17 5 N 1 0 4 7 ra d

= =

B

ı e n g th

a s e

.

2

m

m

H \

'

1

1

.

P

-

L 10

0

20

中 (d e g )

―

r _

=

0 5

,

e

R

h

D r iv e r

l le

-

r

-

sı ıa

+

-

r

Sc 6 0

e

30 +

m

e

-

51 96

=

5 i96

G

en eva

< w

0 2 68 ı ræ l s h

× a

30

=

m

m

n ı

m

60

=

2 1 96

m n ı

22

ss

m

m

te r

d

d

50

J 60

5

16

0 5 × 60

-

0 866

R

lt D ia

0 5e

=

_

―

F IG

À

L

I 40

lı 30

!

60 d

<

<

0 268

16 0 8 W

,

ta k e

d

=

15

m

m

.

,

ft d ia

n ıe

te r

Scanned by CamScanner

16 9

Ļ

<

e

<

,

60 n u n 5 1 96 h

R

T

U

a

ke d w

20

-

2 1 96

m m

d K a re g E q u a tio n s 1 6 2 1 a iıd 16 2 4 , t a n ° ° b l 16 2 g in g fr o n ı O to 6 0 a n d g iv e n irı T a e 0 1 is a s s u m e d ) T a b le 1 6 2 (f

s in

ran

c o n ıp u

te d fo

r

th e v a lu es

of

q

=

l Sa

m

p le

c a lc u la

￠ 1

10

30 P

4 5°

Č

30

30 8

3 7 18

44 2

52

12

1 19 7

1 18

1 17

0

=

30

°

tio n

°

À

0 5

=

21

=

2 ￠+ 1

co s

h

h

Sl N

À\

1

2

沪

2l

1

4

(1

5

a

te r m

4

6o p

0 18 3

0 10 4

0

0

0 265

0

0 54 3

0 T5

0

0 0 65

0 18 8

0 265

0 3 25

0 0 6 25

0 0 70 2

0 14 7

0 29 5

0 56 3

0

36 5

50 44

3

5 43

22 77

X w

6 28

5 T4

3

12

0

N

m

0

43

5 96

4 19

N

a ı

e

3 93

2 85

08

0

0

M 0

0 3

95

52

0

1引 力

95

27

￠+ Ä Â2 )s in ￠

-

45。

0 24 2

2 1 0 có q + À2 )? w

°

0 25 Z

co i

1 (1

3

旧国园 上 3 0

lt m

沪

o

)a

l

t m il 6

aĻ

=

ı e rı n 2 ra

7

ħ&

8

M

9

10

=

=

d /s

K Iæ w C tĻ

M » pw

= 》目 制岫目

2

Scanned by CamScanner

团团团团团ı 国自 뇨

一

团 团 ■ 国 良 16 1 0

P lo ts

pow

o

fW

a iıd

v e r su s

M

q u ir e d d r iv e r

er re

a t th e

M

x

av

_

qb

are

g iv e n in F

m

X

◆

?7

W

e

16 6

Sh o w s

e c h a n is m

in m

m

u se

itte n t

in

c air ie d

h c h is

e n ga g e s

OP

ro

12 5

to

ta tio n

T he

c o n s ta n t

r o ta tin

g

ith

th e

w

d

m o

a

G

a

ta r y

ro

c o n tin u o u s

w

u n

d e r th e

=

0 9

14 5 N

(

m

/s

14 5

=

0 9 is

-

w a

a s s u n ıe

tts

d)

16 3

em

F ig m

re a

6 28 】 7

rr oM

16 5 A

at

o

ū

fr o m

p in

A

d

rp m

s lo tte

b ta is

on

sp e e

10 0

es ev a

d

is

s h a ft an

d it

ber

m em

OA

m m

= 83 m n 2 0 ° F in d th e in s ta n ta n e ou s a n gu la r v e lo c ity d an a n g u la r ac c e le r a t io n o f th e s lo tt d e m e m be r M U ( A p r '97 ) =

ZPOA

=

0 -

1

2

704 9tł ×

0 7 04

×

0

0 94

7 +

0 7042

×

10 5

m

k

1 00

×

2 ìr

=

.

60 r .

-

e

12 5

_

10 5

ra d / s

0 704

(E q n 1 6 1 6 )

0 7 0 4 2 ) × 0 34 2

-

◆

(1

2

452

rad

×

0 704

×

0 94

+

2 2

×

10 5

2

0 704 )

l s2

◆

k Scanned by CamScanner

F IG

17 I a

R ATC H E T

一

。

A ND

PA W L

M E C H A N IS M

.

P

。 L

中

■

R

a tc h e c e n tr e

P

=

Pe

N

=

N

r

pN

a

F r ic tio

n

R

=

Fo

te

t

th

rc e e

ro o

Fı G

17 1 b

ip h e r a l fo r c e ı r e a c t io n

o rm o

F O R C E S A C T IN G

p

a w

fo r c e n

d in g to p u s ł w a r d s th

l to

t o f t o o th

O N T H E PA W L

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

17 4

Fı G 17 4 17 8 T h c h e s t c o n t litio n s Io r a a w l s lid i n g o v e r th e r a tc h e t to o th p (to w a r d s th c m o t u f to o t h ) a r c t»b t a in c d w h e n r t h a c e t to o th a n lc , > h w e r e p is ￠ p, B [h c ł \n g lc u l fr ic t io n ,

.

T h c p a w l p iv o t m u s t b c p a w l p iv o t a n d th c p o in t

17 9

lo

c a te d th a t th e lin e c o n n e c tin g th e c e n tr e f c o n ta c t, a n d th c lin e c o n n e c tin th e r a tc h e t g c e n tr e a n d th e p o in t o f c o n ta c t s h o ld f ° u o rm a p p r o x im a te ı F 0 9 i ( g 17 Ib ) y T h c le n g th o f p a w l L is o b ta in e d u s in th i e n e q u a lity , g ,

o f th c

2L

he re H

w

/ł1 P r o b le m

Nm

B

.

M

f fr ic tio

o

ffic ie n t

o

b e tw

n

f fr ic tio

n

r a tc

een

b e tw

een

h e t t o o th

a 】ıd

paw l

p a w l a n d p in

.

D

e s ig n a r a tc

ra

ke d r u

o

￠

ffic ie n t

co e

-

2

o

17 ı

Ï? h lw 1

co e

-

co s

so

h e t w h e e l fo r a w in c h d ia m e te r - 3 5 0 m m

m

he e l-

30 N / m

m

D

a ta

g iv e

B

n :

ra

k in g to r q u

e

-

150

2

du ı e

T a ke

-

16 , b c ta

u se

th e b r a k e d r u

m

is

s m a ll

2

n ł=

m

z

1 5 0 × 10

2

=

-

3

16 × 2 5 × 3 0 10

m m

A

s su m

[O b ] z

M

=

V

=

2 5

30 N / m

m

2

16

=

t

e

=

1 50 0 0 0 N

m m

Scanned by CamScanner

17 5 P e r ip h e r a ı fo r c e 2M t 2 × 1 5 0 X 10 0 0

2

P

=

T

=

P

ra

re on

(D

tc h e t

h is p r e s s u r e

10

-

l

[o b lp in

q

=

w

he e l

×

10

16 0

=

m

m

)

m

2 5 × 10

-

=

25

m m

5 ıe n g th

o

r

U

se

ta

n

m

30 N /m

=

2 71

=

2 71

=

24 09

een w

in p a r a 4

h e e l a rıd fr a m

e

,

17 4 )

(F ig

m m

b e tw

n ce

g iv e n

v a lu e s

ith in th e

w

m e te r

-

p aw ı

is

th e c le a r a

s su m e

d

tc h e t

h e e l to o th

w

7 5 N /m

.

P a w ıp in d ia

a

ra

百

一

A

16

-

z m

=

b

=

4

th e

f

,

p

T

o

18 7 5 N

=

P

he ry

16 0

pre s su

3

p e r ip

o u te r

th e

on

2

m

(a s s u m

e

d)

+

25

=

m m

10

m m

f paw ı

in e q u a lity

th e

/l 1 d

qb

/ł +

>

￠

2 L

co s

r a tc

=

15

ic

°

0 1

>

o th a n

0 1

2 L

2

L

2 x

骂

2

× 兀鹰

2

X

=

A do pt L

p itc h

c ir c u la r

=

Jr =

X

65

10 m

=

19

)

15 °

m m

s in c e th e v a lu e o f L u s in g th e (p a w ıp in d ia m e te r its e lf is 2 5 m m a t io n , e m p ir ic a l r e ı L

-

25

×

co s

7 98

>

e gı

lı y 1 4 ? to I T

u su a

+

L

,

qb

h e t to

(￠ is ta n

2

o

f

62 8

i in e q u a lity is s m a ll a n d u l? e a ljs t c h e t u se a n d L h a s to b e g r e a te r ) w e

a bo ve

r a tc h e t

m

,

to o th

m

m

Scanned by CamScanner

18 ro

ţEī

ir e

ro

pe

n co m

pa

re

w

v he

h a v e g r e a te

s ro p e

W he ïı a

dv a n ta g e s

a

) lig h te r

w e

a t h ig h

F a ilu

\

.

C

yo

d

w

r s tr e n

pm

co m

e

w o r k in

in

o n s tr u c

re

d

u se

o

th e r m

w

ith

c

h a in

s,

s te e

r m an

l

w

ir e

m

a

ro

p tib ility to d a m a g e fr o m d s d ) g r e a te r r e lia b iiit in y

h a in

o c cu rs su

th c in

d e fib r e

re

n

ro

p e s ha v e

pes th e

,

s te e

e ry,

l w ir e

fo llo

w

in g

je r k s c ) s ile n t o p e r a tio n o

pe

ra

tio

n

d d e n ly w h ile in w ir e r o e s th e o u te r w ir e s p e r w ir e s T h e w ir e r o e b e c o m e s fu z z p y b e fo r e

q u ir e la r g e r d r u

tio

d in h o is tin g a n d h a u la g e m a c h in a te r ia l h a n d lin g e q u ip m e n ts

su sc e

sp e e

b e fo

c

w e ar

Th e y

g

rs a n

ly

ith h e m p c o tto n o , s th a n d r e lia b ility

d

ig h t b ) le s s

re

br e a k d u e to

18 3

e x te n s iv e

are

a n e s, c o n v e

t

ev e n

pe s

W IR E R O P E S

.

m s an

d h e a v ie r h o is tin s

m

ec

h a n is m

n

S te e l w ir e is d r a w n c o ld a n d g v e n h e a t tr e a tm e n t a s w e ll a s c h e m ic a l o r d e r to o b ta in r e q u ir e d s tr e n g th , tr e a tm e n t b e tw e e n d r a w in g s ta g e s m d f r n fi i h h e a c e a n a r T s u a i fi i a c e e n r s e w re s a re r s t tw s te d in t o pp s tr u c tu , h s t r a n d s a r e tw is te d a b o u t a c o r e o f s o ft s te e l o r h e m s tr a n d s a n d t e p h i T t 1 s 8 y p e o f c o n s tr u c tio n m a k e s th e r o p e h ig h ly p lia b lc a n d it c a n (F ig 1 ) b e w r a p p e d a r o u n d a s h e a v e w ith o u t in d u c in g tın d u e b e n d in g s tr e s s in th e w ir e

: n

F ïG

T he o f s tr a n

th e

n u m

s tr a n

d)

18 1

6 ×7

W IR E

d

RO PE

f w ir e s in e a c h s tr a n d is g e n e r a lly 7 , 1 9 o r 3 7 a n d n u m b e r d b y t h e n u m b e r o f s tr a n d s a n d a lly 6 W ir e r o p e is d e s ig n a t e ir e s in e a c h s tr a n d (e g 6 x 7 6 s tr a iıd s a n d 7 w ir e s in e a c h

n u n ıb e r o

d s is u s u ber o fw

18 4

R o pe ı ay T w o t e s o f w in d in s o f w ir e s a n d s tr a n d s a r e in u s e yp g In th e r e u la r la r o e s w ir e is tw is te d in o n e d ir e c tio n to ĺ o r m s tr a n d s g p , y a n d th to fo r m th e r o p e e s tr a n d s a r e tw is te d in th e o p p o s ite d ir e c tio n P ig 1 8 2 i l e l u te r w ır e s a r e a p p r o x m a te y p a r a lı h a ) In t h e c o m p le te d r o p e t e o to th e i k i k R l t t r w l o u n s n t e o u r a n d ay a x is o f t h e r o e R e u la r la g y ro pe s o g p ro p e s a r e a c c e te d a s s t a n d a r d p

Scanned by CamScanner

ı8 그

In th e la n g la y r

X

X

L to m

-

쁘 Thyallds I

\

ir e s iıı th e o 1ıa n d tb c o u [c r

w

o

s is ta iıc e to p e s b a ų e g r e a te r re b u t th e y th a iı th c r e \ la r la y r o w

ł ay

aı ag

fa t ig u e tw is t

th e

n

ro

a

b r a s iv e

a re

go n a

o ı a

W U C S rw

d fa jjw lik e ly to m

w e ar an

n ı o rc

r

uy acr o ss

c

t du e and

◆ (◆ L o n g b y

G

l

dd h

ııł

fo

es

R O PE S

L A V O F W IR E

F IG 18 2

re ro pe th e s e ı e c tio n o f w ı

r

T h e M r e r o p e o f 6 × 7 c o n s tr u c tio rı w ill h a v e la r g e d ia ıııe te r w ir e s T M s is sn ıita b le a s h a u la g e a n d g u y r o p e It is a ls o n ıe a 1ıt fo r a p p lic a tio n s w h e r e th e is s u b je c te d to a b r a s io n r\ 1

(e g

D r a g g jn g o f w ir e th r o u g h r o u g h m a te r ia l o r a c r o s s s ta tio n a r y o b je a ) T h e r o p e s w ith 6 × 1 9 o r 6 × 3 7 c o n s tr u c tio n w ith s n ıa ll d ia 】ııe te r w ir e s Z i e g r e a te r flexibility a n d th e y c a ııb e u s e d in h o is tin g a p p lic a tio n s gn 3

S te e l

ıM

ir e

ro

p e h a s g r e a te r

S ır e s s e s h ıw ir e

l ro

c o re w

D ı r e c t s tr e s s

pe

)

e tc

ro

(d u e

g th th a n fib r e

s tr e n

c o re

ro

pe

pes to th e w e

ig h t o f th e lo a d to b e lifte ￠ w

W

ig h t

e

ig h t o f th e

Y + A

W

re a

o

f th e lo a d to b e lifte d

o

f th e

o

fu

se

ńd

ro

pe

c ro ss s e c

tio

n

o

f th e

ro

pe

s tr e s s

.

d th a t th e b e ııd in g s tr e s s in d u c e d in th e r o p e a s it e te r o v e r a s h c a v e o r d r u n ı is d ir e c tl , y p ro p o r tio n a l to th e w ir e d ia n ı d in v e r s e ly p r o p o r tio n a l to th e W e te r o f th e s h e a v e It h a s

an

A

=

e

Weit

=

r

A ı8 6 2

W

=

O b

-

E

fo

r

un

(18 2)

D

Je ,

08

-

1

E

丘

、

,

=

d u lu

m o

=

.

Ś E

,

X

s o

10

E

5 -

f e la s tic ity N /n ım 2

o

f th e

en

tir e

pe

or

d u lu 6 o f e la s tic ity n ıa te r ia l

m o

ro

o

f tb e

w ir e

Scanned 自知by CamScanner 冶四国国国国国国

18 3

d ia m

=

D

e te r o

d ia iııe te r

=

o

f th e f th e

tio n s tr e s s d u e h tio n d u e to (A c c e le r a in a c c e le r a tci a iıg e in th e o n ) to g in g o r s p p ta rt

3

she a v e

a c c e le r a

to

1& 6

ir e

w

,

sp e e

d

f h o is tin g

o

but

t th e

n o

s

(1 8 3 ) a

a c c e le r a

tio n h o is tin g b u t

=

V a

V

2

o n

f r o p e a iıd lo a d d u r in g o t á t s ta r tin g o r s to p p u ı g

1

=

t

Speed

o f th e t se c o n ds

m

S tr e s s e s d u r in g

18 6 4 D

u r in

O

re

g th e lo a d is g iv e n in th e r o p e

2

=

.

is

n o

c

h a iıg e s fr o

n ıV

1

k in th e

ro

a c c e le r a

s o n ıe

tio

n

an

d th is le a d s to

pe

(1 8 4 ) s la c

k in th e

p e b e fo

ro

re

s ta r tin

i]] r e s u lt

h

s la c

=

le n

-

a

E ffe c tiv e

s tr e s s

E « e c tiv e

s tr e s s

E ffe c tiv e

s tr e s s

in th e

k d u r in g g th o f th e

a c c e le r a

-

s

tio

n

s ta r ro

g,

c o n s id e r a b ı e

1 X

.

A

D

e s ig lı P r o c e

du

th e

d

pe

d u r in g s ta r tin g / s to p p in g = + ? o o r k in g , o d b ne o

ac

o

=

d

+

o

b

+

o

a

u

ltim

o

f

a te

re

in g a la r g e fa c to r lo a d to b e h fte d is o b t a in ,

2

a

tin g

p e d u r in g n o r m a l w d u r in g th e a c c e le r a tio n o f th e ı o ad, d 1ır in g s ta r tin g , o s e - c 's + o b ro

im p a c t lo

T h e g r e a te s t o f th e s tr e s s e s m e n tio n e d a b o v e s h o u ld b e ı e s s th a n th e s tr e n th o f th e w ir e m a t e r ia l d iv id e d b f f g y fa c to r o s a e ty 18 7

to V 2

0 d

If th e r e is w

s la c

pe

tin g

s ta r tin

g

i n a l s tr e s s a dd it o If th e

s ta r

ro

ssu m

T a k in g th e d e s i n lo a d g r o e d ia m e te r p

f e d o

sa

a s

th e

fe ty ,

sa

a

d

g th fr o

m

y 1 5 , d e s ig n lo

b r e a k in g

s tr e n

fa c to

=

T

a

r

b le 1 8 1

s a fe

o

ty

b ta in

Scanned by CamScanner

18 4

T a b le ı8 ıG

su

ı9

86

94

16

0 94

13 4

14 7

18

1 25

19 3

2 11

22

13 4

25 9

28 4

25

2A 1

34 0

3 76

32

3 76

5 33

5 84

38

5 43

767

84 3

44

7 38

1047

1 14 8

a

C

×

0 54

12

3 be

6

ıp ro ı

ı

'"0

=

m

to

'

6

0 15

15

17

10

0 4

40

45

12

0 55

55

60

16

0 95

96

1 10

20

1 45

15 0

170

25

2 25

23 0

W

T

a

D

u rp o s e

Em

in s ta lı a t io

c

l

m

A ll

6 ×

&

ra 腦

ro

国 ıo

ı ł o iıtĺ

D

D

b in

R

a t io

ca

Fo

tio r

d h o is ts

a iı

n

o

th c

w

tC

国团团ı

l

ı5

× 19

p u rp o

ith

se

o

s h o r t w o r k in

g

(IS

o is ts

f d e s ig n

Detcmıin e th e

a re a o

f

u se

M

.

ıe te r s h o ı!d

o

ı o w

c r o ss s e a

io

e fï c a

n

/n

n ıı

) 4 10 o

17

22

1 f in "

o .

27

d he n ce r a tio b y 8 % fo r

ro

pe

an

197 6 )

80 7

f th e ir fr a m

peri

m

10 0

c ra n e s

e s,

iw

ı o ad

o

f th e

ro

pe

an

u ıd

P s r & w " a 4

z

.

1

23

19

H

5o

=

z a 3

10 0

pe s

r a n e ￠ a ııd

ru m

p to v

u

d

A t h ig h e r s p e e d s fa tig u e w ill a ffe c t th e life d r u n ı/s h e a v e d ia m e te r h a s to b e in c r e a s e d In c r e a s e D e a c h a d d itio n a l s p e e d o f 5 0 m /m in

Cı a a s lH

d ia n

m

bı e 18 2

l = ( 1画匠画画画

R o pc

14 0 0

to

N lm

o n s u lt T a b le 1 8 2 to o b ta in th e d r ıım d ia n ıe te r ffic ie n tly la r g e to r e d u c e th e b e n d in g s tr e s s

P

'"0

"

u s in

d h o is ts

a re

lo w d y n a m ic d a °d h ig b

83 g T a b le 1

Scanned by CamScanner

18 5

T

b le 1 8 3

a

į d

D e te r m in

5

th e d ia m e te

e

f th e

ir e

u s in

in th e

ro

w

g th e fo

u

rm

la

d

he re i

w

r o

國

be r

n u m

=

ber

n u m

-

f w ir e

o

s

f s tr a n d s

o

x

pe

ber

n u m

o

f w ir e s in

e a c

f r o p e is o b t a in e d u s in g T a b le 1 8 1 C a lc u la tio n o f v a r io u s lo a d s is c a r r ie d o u t a s g iv e n b e lo W + W d D ir e c t lo a d

7

d

B

d in g lo a d

en

W

=

O

-

b

X

b

(

. a

d

E ffe c tiv

e

lo

a

W

=

d

th e

o n

2

-

.

o a d d u r in g E « e c tiv e ı

A

į .

'

S ta r tin g lo

(W

+ W

r

s ta r tin

g W

g

)

)

p e d u r h ıg

ro

o is tin

n o r n ıa

W

-

se

a

lw

o r k in

W

+

.

d d u r h ıg a c c e le r a tio n W . e W o r k in g fa c to r o f s a fe ty is c a lc u la t e d a s B r e a k in g lo a d fr o ın T a b le 1 8 1 fo FS W W E ffe c tiv ie lo

w

-

-

8

s tr a n

e ig h t o

W

6

h

W

-

r

ne

b

+

.

th e

g W W

+

l

s e le c te

d

ro

pe

-

. e

T h is F s s h o u ld i i v e 18 4 g en n T a bı

W

is

u se

C a 1 t g th s

n

c a lc u

d to

w o r k in

e

T

If th e ro

pe

9

】 &8

N

w

u n ıb e r o

R

o

pes

a

b e le

la te

ss

r o

181 F

b le

du

th e in

g fa c to

th e

th a n

f

c e

s a fe

re c o m

d

f

ro

ın e n

s tr e s s a n

d e d fa c to r

d ge n

e ra

o

f

lly it is

s a fe

n o

ty ,

n

t u se

'

d

ty

a c to r s o

f S a fe ty ,

n

'

ho

t s a tis fa c to r y fa c to r o f s a fe ty is n o f i c r e a s e th e n u m b e r o r o p e s b r e a k in g s tr e n g th o r n f to r o f s a fe ų _ R e co m m en ded ac F Sw pes r o f s a fe ty w o r k in g fa c to l f to a h ig h e r in te g e r v a u e ) ıııd e d o f ro ı c

w o r k h ıg

ith g r e a te r

F a ilıu

o t

o se

so m

e

o

th e

r

(

e

o

f

ro

fa il n

p

es

i

ıa n

ly b y fa tig u e

an

d

w H e n a r o p e p a sse s o v e r d ru m i d s tr a ig h te n in g a n d th is g iv e s r s e to

w e ar n

Scanned by CamScanner

l& 0

h

R

K

==

N

T hc m o u n t u f w d th e d r u m T h c a tı ZT P ' dD

W

fa tiB u e d i\ a m e x p e r im e n ta łd ıta

«

*« ı

ıım

ı \ ï ıL

u

n n

ıu ın

u

\

lh c c o n ta c t p r e s s u r e h c l t w pc n ds u p n h th c ft l r m u la n v l c s \ y t e l u s s i r e t・t l p

e a r tlc cm

&

ĥ

t

ec n t he

(18 7) T tl D

frr r b

m

ru m

p,

x

19

ro

lı c fo r c e o n R t lp c d ia n ï c lc r D r u m tlia m c \c r T

-

-

-

cm

F lG

pe

in F ig 18 3 ? h is is b ıs c d

sh o w n

p e is

ro

oo

18 3

b e r o f b e n d s , th c r o p e w ill u n d o r s o b e fo r e fa ilu r e is h e y a x is o n g th c x Đ is a n d th e r a tio p / o u is r e p r e s e n te d a lo n g t r c p r e s c n tc d a ı i can U s in 吕th is d i\ a n ı d e s ig ıı o f r o p e s fr a in ı fa tig u e a 】ıd w e a r c o n s id e r a t o n fin ite b e c a r ń e d o u t L « e o f th e d e s ig n e d r o p e c a n b e fo u n d o r d e s ig n fo r in T he

古

淂 戴

life to

ıb e m a ca】

be

r a is e

f 每

七

头 卵 古

戛 然 ー

n m

p r e ssu r e

de

￠d

c h o o s in

d D

an

la tc ı c a lc ı

d

g th e ca n

u s in

s u ita

be

so

o c

f ı le s s th a n 0 o o 1 2 F o r th e g iv e n lo a d a

U

h o s e n th a t th e

g E q n 18 7 , p

p e r m is s ib le c o tıta u p r e ós u r e 18 1 em P ro b ı S e le c t a

v a lu e

o

b ta in e d k

-

o m

'

a c tu a

''' '

fa tig u e

''

l in d u

d

c o n ta ?

'' ' ' '' ' '

''

c o n s id e r a

ce

'' '

tio n

į į

b le w ir e r o p e to lift 1 1 k N o f d e b r is T h e w e ig h t o f th e b u c k e t i6 4 k N T h e w e is h t is b e in g s p e e d Of 1 5 0 m /m in a ııd th e m a x im u m s p e e d is Ď e te r m in e a ls o th e s tr e s s in d u c e d itı th e r o p e d u e to s t a r tin g Strck o f 0 2 5 】ıı

w

ith

an

Scanned by CamScanner

l& T 0 7 5 × 1 0 9 N ltu m z T ake E r h t o n th c r o p e - W . 1 10 0 0 + 4 0 0 0 D e a d w e ig a lib e r a ıfa c to r o f sa tų \ ì f 15 to o b ta in tl\c su m e

As

\

D

es

lo a d

w

1 5 × 1 50 0 0

=

tit

ıt

Th c r o p e is fo r h o is tin g p u r w d e te r n ıin e th e d ia n ıe te r u f th e

d

25

=

S h e a v e d ia

3

ity

p to S O

u

A s th e liftin g

fo r

e ve ry a

d d itio

.

e fe r to

R

lm in

m

l sp e e d

n a

8%

d T h e r e fo

4

A rea

o

A

fu

re

D

s e fu

l

40d

=

o

n ıe

19

×

rn

\\

,

pc R .

e fe r

tt\ T a b le

/h in

m

f 50

27

-

,

t h is r a tio

lm in

m

× 1

ra

d

,

082

6 x

r

2

40 x 25

=

h a s to b e tio h a s to

uR

m o

ed

.

T lıł\t

b o in c r e a s e d b y

3 14

_

m m

(T a l lo

19

2 50

_

10 0 0

=

t io n o f th e r o p e

cr o ss sec

0 4 X 25

W ir e d ia

pt

'

40

.

0 4 d 2 fo

=

-

5

ro

d

,

27 D

6

c s w e u se

D

T ake

,

T a b le 1 8 ı

d ls 1 5 0

sp e e

lo a d

1 10 0 to 12 5 0 N lm m Z a n d b r c a k in B s tr e n g th = 2 30 k N

-

r o

n ıe te r

v e lo c

For

fo

n ım

dcsn

0 0 0 N

=

sin

:

ı 50 0 0 N

=

m

18 3 ) .

2

m

te r

d 6

1 5 vT W e ig h t o f tlıe r o p e R

W t W 7

o -

,

f ro pe / m 60 × 22 5

C a lc u la tio

D ir e c t lo

b

en

o

n

a

f

o

2 25 x 9 8 1

-

d in g lo a d , W

=

b

a

ds

W

+

n

E

一

x

dw D

,

1 56

X

10 Q0

a

d

o n

th e

ro

下 nne

p e d u r in g W d 十

+

13 50

K

A

2 50

n o r ttrï a

c c e le r a tio n

o

c c e le r a

lo a d , W

tio

n

f th e lo a d

E ffe c tiv e lo a d d u

白白

匕

l

2 925 0

o r k in

lw

ig

r n

.

g,

4 5 , 60 0 N

=

V 1

V 2 a

16 3 50 N

=

2 9250 N

=

5

A

O

眠

一

1 6 3 50 +

=

A

t p r ıo

2 2 5 N lm

=

=

A

o b X

一

7500 0 E ft e c tiv e lo

w

m

13 5 0 N

=

d

m

to T a b le 1 8 1

e fe r

th e r lo

d, W

1 b

-

=

-

Y

'

-

t a

-

a c c e le r a tio n

,

W

?

į 2 5 X 2 5

-

.e

O

-

W

.

=

/ 52

m

4 16 6 7 N .

+ W d + W b

Scanned by CamScanner

0 18 4 16 7

=

F ı«

&

r o ı ı

\b T n

+

d a ısı= ı aı

l a ıa tty

b7 N 4 (r ı

-

b ır ď

ro

pea B

r tıs a

fıc tu

WOrki

2 9 ' 50

+

fe t y

-

X ıN

F iw

rc a

k iæ

-

w

s lr e n

g th

.

4 62

.

4 9 76 l

f to r o f s a fe ly fo r th is h r e c o ın m c n d c d a c F r t w n T a b k 18 4 w r firı«łt e ih r o f s a fe ty w e m a y e t e r c h o o s e łic v c th is fa c t o ö T o ıc ı a p p & ca t io n 1o h c n tw o r o p e s or W a r g c r d ia m e te r s w it h ı m pc an d dru m 2 N o ' " p e s r e q u ir e d i l k o f 0 25 o ı d u r itıg s ta r tin g w ith a s a c 1岡 如旧 心 o o th e r o p e 吼 园田聞 ıı _

5

W

s t a r tir ıg

-

.

46 6 5 4 4 5 N

=

Æ

ec

lo a d

tiw

W

-

.

o n

th c r o p e d u r in g s ta r tin g w

W

+

.

W

b

-

4 6 6 54 4 5

7

S tr e s s

-

-

-

.

29 25 0

+

6 N /m

m

s la c

ith

k

T590 4 N

=

2

P*o b ı e x ı l?

l fr o m ir e r o p e fo r a v e r tic a l m in e h o is t to liħ 9 60 0 k N o f c o a ith m p a r tm e n t straft w lıı in e a c h 8 h o u r s s h ift A s s u m e a tw o c o a tio n a iıd e r o p e v e lo c ity 7 2 0 m /m in , a c c e le r a a n c e A ss m h o is tin g s k ip s in b a ı h 1 0 s e c fo r r a t i o ıı p e r io d s o f e a c h 1o s e c a n d r e s t p e r io d s o f e a c h Đ h t f th e lo a d d is c h a r s in g a n d lo a d iw A s s u m e s k ip w e ig b t to b e a t a o 2 8 × 10 4 N /n u ıı T a ke E S e le c t a d e p th o f 7 2 o

w

-

,

ı .

L

oa

d to b e u H e d

D is t a n

c e tr a v e

l =

=

2

60

×

lle d b y th c

1 2 ×

s k ip

d u r in g th e

2

协

p e r io d

a c c e le r a tio n

r hL W

łů ł a

tio

n

Q

2

a, t

V 2

V

7 29

0

r

=

=

S im ila r ly d is ta n

å

-

s

m

=

lle d

c e tr a w

r

clurins d e c e le r a tio n

p e r io d

=

1 2 m /S

60

m

Scanned by CamScanner

18 9

D is ta n T im

q u ir e d fo

e re

d fo q u ir e

e re

ņo

d

tr a v e lle

ce

t th e d e s ig n s p e e d

tr a v e llin g 6 0 0 n

r

p e r io d i e r io d c e le r a t o r ı p

A

c c e le r a

D

e

tio

ıa

n

l i h fu ll s p e e d p e r io d o f tr a v e w t T im e fo r d is c h a r g in g a n d lo a d in g

t 720

f tr ip s in

o

o

L oao

IU

u c

ig h t T o t a ıw e ig h t

S k ip D

2

w e

10

se c

=

10

se c

=

50

se c

=

20

se c

L

e s ig n

de s ig n lo a d D e s ig n lo a d Seı e c tio fo r c ho s e n 60 1 0 O

3

n

60

×

d

a

15

0 5

=

^

4

.

D

d ia

ru n ı

v e lo c ity u

A m o

ig h t

e

15 k N

=

f

r o

f 1 5 is

s a fe ty o

p to 5 o

R

e

5 43

-

fe

r

to T

d

a

9 81

X

an

ė 18 2 W bı

fo

d

54 3 "

=

19

6 X

r

o

ro

la t e th e

2 7 fo

-

p

e

is 7 2 0

m

T h e r e fo

lm in

38 m a te r ia l

re

m

m

=

B

fin d

e

pe , d m ro p e

ro

D

f th e

c a lc u

d to

/m in

m

l sp e e

c tu a

p e lm

ro

e

a ssm

675 kN

=

o

e te r

m

r

c la s s

m

d

ha

s

w

is ith

4 , fo to

r

be

d ifie d 72 0

15

.

J0

D

in

m

T1 limin

T ake D

d 80

-

Loa ds C

W W

W W

W

27 x

_

d

5

f

o

se c

_

30

×

.

W

720

320

l d p e T a b le 1 8 1 is c o n s u te b r e a k in g s tr e n g th o f 7 6 7 k N a 17 5 0 N / m 2 f R

o

50

.

-

4 5 kN

=

45

15 X

J "

320

lo

×

30 +

=

60

_

lib e r a ıfa c t o

d A

o a

m

se c

90

L ıı

0 5 =

×

_

y

/

C U

=

8

s h ift

a

U U

/m in

m

=

90

N

2 × 60 = 600 60 X 6

720

=

tr ip

o n e

r

a

b

A

-

-

38

ig h t e

W

-

d .

W

=

r

e

m m

n

f

o

ig h t + W

en

79 3

_

3 0 40

=

o

c c e le r a

B

1

'5

8o

ı c u la tio

a

W

=

×

_

1 08

co a

f

ro -

r

tio

n

l

pe 45

W

+

ig b t

o

f s k ip

-

7 2 0 × 54 3

+

39

lo a d

d in g lo a d

e

=

=

=

D

A

39 09 6 N

39 k N

=

84 kN ,

X

-

A

1 2

0, 4 d

=

-

=

4 5 kN

-

0 4

=

10 2 7 k N

z ×

38

2 =

57 7 6

(T

a

m

m

b le 1 8 3 ) 2

Scanned by CamScanner

18 10

30 40

6

W

-

.e

r o

f

o r k in

W

W

+

.

s a fe

\

W

+

d

b

-

ty

g fa c to

r o

f s a fe ty

E

1 5 1 6 )5 19 q 8 x 1 0 N /m

-

,

10 2 7 +

84

36 06

+

=

2 37

_

m

2

q n 18 6 1

m m

(g iv e n )

13 0 3 3 k N

B r e a k g s tr e n g th -

W 7 61

=

T h is is m a r g in a lly s a fe ty is 6 (T a b le 1 8 4 )

(E 38

-

36 06 kN

-

F a c to

1

36060 N

-

W

d

_

13 0 3 3

s a tis fa c to r y ,

a e

5 88

becau

se

th e

re c o m

m

en

d e d fa c to r

o

f

f s a fe ty , w e c a n r e d u c e W o b y in c r e a s in g g r e a te r fa c to r o A lte r n a tiv e ly w e m a y s e le c t th e r o p e w ith th e d r u m d ia 】m e te r to , s a y 3 2 o 0 m m h ie , 843 kN g r e a te r b r e a k in g s tr e n g t ı8 3 h o bı em 2 i o ad of s u s e d to r a is e a ı 1 6 o o N /m m A 6 × 1 9 w ir e r o p e w ith c r. d ia m e te r o f th e r o p e is 1 2 m m a n d 2 o k N a s s h o w n in F ig 1 8 4 T h e nminal d life o f th e r o p e t r D e te r m in e th e e x p e c te i t h e d r u m h a s 6 0 0 m m p it c h d a m e e tio n s p e r w e e k a s s u m in g 1 0 0 h o is tin g o p e r a 2 X 10 0 00 2T 1 0 k N (o n a s in g le r o p e , T P - 15 ig n o r in g th e w e ig h t o f 12 x 6 0 0 2 th e r o p e a n d th e = 2 78 N / m m a c c e le r a tio n lo a d ) T

o

ac

h ie v e

a

=

ı c'

u

_

_

16 0 0

0 0 0 17 4

F ïG

18 4

Scanned by CamScanner

Æ 11

ife o f th e w ir e r o e is o b ta in e d a s 4 2 x 1 0 5 b e n d s 3 , th e ı p th e r o p e fr o lıı b e n t p o s itio lı t o s tr a i h t g p o s itio n 0 & 3 in i h s tr a g t p o s itio n to b e n t r h o m (2 in th e s a iııe F ıg ) is p o s itim d F b n e o r o ı e ı e c yc ı a s o ıı e o f ı o w e r in g a n d h o is tin g o p e r a t io n , ll i d w s ben

F r o tıı i

8

T tQW _ o

°

È

T o ta l n L ife

f ro h

f b e n ds p er

o

o

4 2 × 10 5

=

ks

w ee

60 0

w ee

k 42

100 × 6 X 105

6 00

×

60 0

=

ye a r s

-

18 1

e m

=

52

ß 46 ye a r s

-

q u ir e d to d e te r m in e th e s iz e o f tlıe w ir e r o p e fo r in fın ite life T h e T h e lo a d h a s to b e o f th e h o is t a ııd th e n ıa t e r ia ıto b e lifte d is 6 k N w e iN f n ı a d e p th o f 1 0 0 m T h e m a x im u m s p e e d o f th e r o p e is 6 m /s a ııd ra is e d r o 2 A l so 1 60 0 N /m m it is a tta in e d in 6 s e c s U s e a 6 × 1 9 r o p e w ith o . 2 5 0 8 × 1 0 N /m ııı ? te r m in e th e w o r k in g fa a o r o f s a fe ty T a k e E It is

re

-

-

,

ı P e r m is s ib le e fe r

R

￥

con

ta c t p r e s s u e fr o m

18 3 F

to

p re

ssm

(fr o p ı fa t ig u e n ı T a b le

A

c tu a

T

a

2

ke

ı n du

ce

N

o w

w e

W

e

sh o u

T

n

m

d

in _

c o ııta c

6

=

27

×

ls ııı

1 600 X 0 0 0 12

=

r c la s s -

360

4 , fo

V

r

50

=

m

īıı

/m in

/m in

m

3 60

4 2

_

2

1 9 2 N /m

-

7 1 1 08

ld

c

te tı ıe a c tu a

he c k

fo

w

rc e

ıc o

n

_

50

t a đ p r e s s lu e 2 /

h e th e r p ś 1 9 2 N ro

o n

7

ig h t to b e W e ig h t o f th e r o p e u n kn o m a t tı ıis s t\

,

p

-

(E

dD

w

18 7 )

m n ı

\

lifte d

w e

-

0 0 0 12

x

.

t p r e s s ıır e

m e v aı

c n s ilc

T

=

sp e e

a

=

)

2 7 fo

-

[p ]

=

_

d

d

p e r m is s ib le

e

c o n s id e r a tio n

ır o E e

d ilie d

o

id e r a t io

in fin ite life ,

o r

18 "

M

con s

0 0 0 12

5

Ċ &n ta đ F ro

t a tig ııe

+

w e

Đ pe n ds

ig b t u

po

o n

f

ro

+

pe

th e

n o m

ac ce

le r a tio

in a l d ia m

n

e

lo a d te

r

w

h ic h is

f 2 0 , w e o b t a in th e d c s ig lı ı o a d g a la r g e fa c to r o f s a fe ty o z 1 2 0 k N R e fe r r in g to T a b le 1 8 1 , fo r o . - 1 6 0 0 N /ın m , w e c h o th o f 1 3 4 k N p e o f d ia ıııe te r 1 6 m Æ h a v iııg a b r e a k in g s tr e n g W e ig b t o f th is r o p e - 0 9 4 × 9 8 1 = 9 4 N /n ı W = 9 4 X 10 0 = 9 4 0 N T

20 X 6 th e r o

a k in

as

,

o se

r

W

.

A

=

=

cc eı e r a tio n

16 0 0 0

+

98 1 =

L

ı o ad

9 40 1

=

× 1

T o r7 4 N

i

i

Scanned by CamScanner

R

60 00 + 9 40 + 2 × 76 47 4

=

P

-

16 × 800 1 19 5 N / m

=

In d u

fa tig u

e co n

4

a c

.

F

A

to

W T

W

W

ta c t p r e s s u r e is le s s th a n th e lim itin g v a lu e , o b ta in e d fr o m H e n c e th e s e le c tio n o f th e r o p e is s a tis fa c to r y s id e r a tio n

d

ce

r o

f

b

. e

g fa c to

r o

c a lc u la t

E

-

=

10 2 4 0 N

W

s a fe

ty

n ee

B

re a

-

d to k n

k in g s tr e n g th

o w

Ę ,

th e b e n d in g lo

A!

,

0 B

-

f

w e

.

=

-

x

+

10

W

764 7 4

5

o

ľ

x

,

+

800 +

W

X

10 2 4

x

.

f

+

W

b

W ir e d ia m

-

17 9 7 48

a

d

f

°

-

0 4

=

10 2 4

e

te r

16

X

2

m m

z

=

d

10 2 4 0

=

1 5 VT 16

17 8 8 7 4 N 13 4

=

F Sw

c o n

s a fe ty

o r k in o

2

m

-

-

E

=

r

0 8

×

10

5

1 5 W 0 99 =

N /m

m

W W l

m m

2

Scanned by CamScanner

ı

1 8 13

H lg hı ig h ts ir e 1 w S te e l

2

ro

pe s

w

if e

2 ) S ile n t

u se

a re

d in h o is tin g

an

18

d h a u la g e

f ll i d p e s h a v e th e o o w n g a v li b ility t p e r a tio n 3 ) G r e a e r r e a ro

o

e in 3 F a ilu r T h c w ir e

i is

ch a n ro

su

pe b e c o

dde n

m es

fu

w

h e r e a s in th e

7z

y b e fo r e

ru

m

a n ta

re

h in

o an

e ry

o v er

ge s

c a se

p tu

ac

f

w

ir e

d he n

c

h a in

ro c e

1 ) L ig JJ te r

w p e th e r e is fo r e r e m e d ia l a c tio n

w e

ig ı lt

a rn

in g

c an

be

ta k e n

4

ds f s tr a n d s a n d tb e s tr a n p e s W ir e is tw is te d in o n e d ir e c tio n to o r m 1 in th e c o m p le te d r o p e o u te r w ir e s a r e p a r a u e i d ir e c tio n tw is te d in th c o p p o s te a r e a c c e p te d a s th e s e r o p e s d o n o t k in k o r u n tw is t th c a x is o f th e r o p e

R e g u la r la y a ıe

to

s ta n

ro

d a r cı

d in d th e s tr a n d s in th e r o p e a r e tw is te d p e s : W ir e s in th ĉ s tr a n s a n th e s e r o p e s f th e r o p e w ir e s r u n d ia g o n a lly a c r o s s th e a x is o s a ln c d ir e c tio n , \k a n d u n tw is L 19 a n d a n d a s h a u la g e gu y r o \ s 6 × s u ita b le ti : 6 × 7 . 6 p e o f c o n s tr u c o n fo r h o is tin g a p p lic a tio n s 6 × 37 ti b b n d in g s tr e s s c ) s tr e s s d u e to a c c e le r a o n 7 S tr e s s e s in w ir e r o p e s a ) d ir e c t s tr e s s ) e d ) s tr e s s d u e to s ta r tin g

S L lo n g la y

ro

,

8

D

e s ig n

p ro

ce

du

re

e o f c o n s tr u c tio n 1 1 C a lc u la te d e s ig n lo a d 2 ) C h o o s e th e ty p in e th e w ir e d ia m e te r ıı d ia m e te r 5 ) D e te rm e te r 4 ) C h o o s e d r u ı lo a d s a n d c h e c k th e fa c to r o f s a fe ty i

p e d ia m 6) C a ı c u la t« th e v a r

3 ) S e le c t

ro

o u s

Ł

Scanned by CamScanner ,

5

= ı9 ı9 1

.

.

A D D IT IO N A L

B a

le

s o

fP

IN F O R M A T IO N ed

N

m

ll ı

/ PR O B LE M s

tb e r s R 4ú

Ř 20

q

ı6 =

=

m

1 12

q

=

1 06

1 00

1 06

6 30

6 70

7 10 71 0

8 00 85 0 9 00

9 00

91 0 0 00 ı

10 月心

10 0 0

10 0 0

Scanned by CamScanner

19 2

p r o d u c tiv ity o f a m a c h in in g o p e r a tio n is c o n s ta n t in th e w h o le r p m u n it tin ıe )

2 in

(s u r fa c e ge ,

ran

are a o

if G p

f th e n ıe ta l r e m is u s e d

o ve

d

ll th e s p e e d s a r e to b e o b ta in e d fr o m a s in g le tr a n s n ıis s io n (i e , in b y c h a n g in g g e a r s o n ly b e tw e e n tw o s h a fts th e n a n y s e r ie s A P , o n e s ta g e ) H p , o r L P c a n b e u s e d , fo r d e s ig n in g th e g e a r b o x B u t th e a x ia l d im e n s io n s b o x b e c o m e to o la r g e B y u s in g g e o n ıe tr ic s e r ie s , s p e e d s c a n b e o f th e g e a r h a g r o u p o f tr a n s m is s io n s (in m a ııy s ta g e s ) b e tw e e n a n u m b e r h o b ta in e d t r o u g la y o u t b e c o m e s c o m p a c t o f s h a fts s o th a t th e W

3

nen a

,

,

,

,

P r e fe r r e d n u m b e r s a r e in G s p e c iM n g m a c h in e to o l s p in d le

4

e o m

tr ic p r o g r e

e

sp e e

s s io n

H

e n ce

th e y a r e u s e d in

ds

lly s e le c te d v a ı u e s r e c o m m e n d e d fo r u s e in a ll b r a n c h e s o f th e n a tio n a l e c o n o m y T h e y s p e c ify th e p r o p o r tio n s o f ite ın s d s tr u c tu r e s , p o w e r lo a d c a r r y in g c a p a c ity , s p e e d a n d a ll o th e r p a r a ın e te r s a iı u s e d in p r o d u c tio n a iıd a r e e x p r e s s e d n u m e ń c a lly P

r e fe r r e

d

n u m

be

rs a re

s p e c ia

,

u xa m

1 TM

es pı CTO R PO W E R

(S e r ie s 5 ) (S e r ie s 1 0 )

1 0 , 16 , 2 5 , 4 0 & 6 3 h p 12 5 , 2 0 , 3 1 5 , 5 0 & 8 0 h p

2 LO A D C A R R Y ı N G C A p A C H Y O F A U T O M O B IL E S (S e ń e s 5 ) 1 6 , 2 5 , 4 , 6 3 & 1 0 to n s 3 M A C H IN E T O O L S p ıN D L E S P E E D S (S e r ie s 1 0 ) 1 0 0 , 1 2 5 , 1 6 0 , 2 0 0 , 25 0 , 3 1 5 , 4 0 0 , 5 0 0 , 6 3 0 & 8 0 0 19 3 F o r c e A ııa ıs is in JG e a r s y N o ta tio n .

rpm

.

s

1 F ra m e 4 3 G e a rs a

b , q S h a fts

F

23 F o r c e o

P

2a

Fo

rc e

o

f ge a r 2 f Be a r 2

s a iııs t g e a r 3 a g a in s t s h a ft a

a

FZ T \ n tia l c o m p o n e n t o f fo r c e o f g e a r 3 a g a iııs t g e a r F R a d ia ım m p a ıc ııt o f fo r «x o f w a r 3 a g a iııs t g e a r 2 T

・2

T

o rq u e o

f s h a ft

a

a

w

st

gear 2

(r e s is tin g

to r q u e

2

)

Scanned by CamScanner

'

q

.

F IG A 3

Fı G F ig u

re

: =

F b 3 h a s to b

A 3

A 3

o

.

R E S O L U T IO N

C

a sho w s a

iv in g

・

Sı M P LE G E A R T R A IN

a

\

p in io

n

a r o n s h a ft

p F o s ite to F į

3

fo r

Fı G A3 ・

b

F R E E BO DY Dı A G R AM s

O F G EA R FO RCE S

d o n a s h a ft a r o ta tin c lo c k w is e a i g b atn he 3 T h e g e a r r e a a io n s o c c u r a lo n g t m o ïu ı te

c

q ııilib r iu m

Secly

,

F 3 2 is d r a w

thc n on

Scanned by CamScanner

19 4

5 Te

6

3

\ F ıG

A 3

5

Te

e

e

th

th

d

Scanned by CamScanner

19 5

In g e

a

b

G

T

tw o ta iıg e n

a re n o

r e su

35

6

=

2 10

m

m

d3

-

65 × 6

=

390

m

m

d4

-

45

=

270

m

m

×

×

6

th e s h a ft o

o rqu e o n

2 500 × 60

c

T

2 3r X 5 0 0 o r

e o n

th e

T

o rqu e o n

th e

ft o f g e a r 3 s h a ft o f g e a r 4

g e n tia l fo r c e o T 47 8 a

-

d ia l fo

rc e

ge

n

F,

4 55 2 ta iı20 th

e a ch

h

lo a d fo

m

sh a

°

ar

=

=

û 47 8 x

2

35

?

61 4 N

n ı

4 55 2 N

_

R

F3

rc e s

an

f ge a r 2

47 8 N

=

T

an

g e n tia l fo r c e a c tin g o n d F į 3 , b u t th e d ir e c iio n s In o th e r w o r d s th . Id le r

o n e ta n

ıe te r s

-

qu

ly

lta iıt ta n g e n tia l fo r c e

d2

=

o n

tia l fo

to r q u e

a iıy

d ia n

ear

4 th e r e is

a iıd

2

a rs

g e a r 3 , th e r e th a t th e r e is n o t tr a ııs m it

Ft

-

_

ta iıa

16 5 6 N

h g e a r m ıls t b e d e s ir e d is 4 5 5 2 N T h e fo r c e a p p lie d to th e s h a ft o f id le r g e a r 3 is th e v e c to r s u n ı o f the e fo Đ c e s a p p lie d to g e a r 3 b y g e a r s 2 a n d 4 d

T h e to

F3 ı9 A

-

o

h

S t r u c tı»

\ a

r w

h ic h

5 2 + 16 5

ıd la g r a

eac

6

・

_

8 18 N

ııı

S t r u a l fo r m u la o f a n ıu ı ti s p e e d g e a r b a įx is r e p r e s e M e d iıı lt e d w i l c tı ]r a d a g r a n ı Ķ m e A 4 a ) W a s łiels o f p a r a lle l linıe s aaiteĹ see e ı ı th e r ve a t e qu a li n t o f liJm 着 b e in g B r e a te r b y o ai A s e r ie s o f p a r a H e l ı iıte s iu e d r a w ııĥ orizoı ııu m b e r o f s t\ lt ba nm e q u a i to lo g ￠, th e n ıu n b e r o f t b e s e l m o f s p ir ıd le s p e e d s o f sh u

beingwuaı tbe

Scanned by CamScanner

r

19 6

Iı

11 ı

1V

(b ) Fı G

4

S

TR U C TUR A L CHA RT 9 F 6

Dı AG RA M

S PE ED

A N D Sp EE D

G EAR BOX

Scanned by CamScanner

19 7 c te re c o n n e v e r tic a l lin e a

S ym

d to p o in t 0

m e

tr ic

a

l w ith

re sp e c

t to

each

P o in t

b X 3) Th is X 2 lo g ￠, i e , 3 lo g q ( 2 e ra p o in ts ys 4 4 a th e fige th e d a ta a b o u t th e n u m b e r o f s t c o n ta in s a ge s ram T h e s tr u c tu r a l d ia g th e o r d e r o f k in d s in e a c h s ta g e , e e f e s o m r b e p a tic n u m h s ta g e a n d th e to ta l n u (tr a n s m is s io n g r o u p s ) r a tio o f e a c e n a r h m be r e t g f th e s ta g e s , a r ra n ge m e n t o t u r a l d ia g r a m d o e s n o t c u t r h s e t t B u gve the il b le a t th e s p in d le o fsp e e d s a v a a H e n c e e a c h s tr u c tu r a l i s t o a d r e e d o r sp u e s o f sp e e s a c tu a l v a ı i s h o w n in g e n e r a l fo r m l e r ie s o f a c tu a l d r v e s r e p r e s e n ts a w h o e s i io n r a tio s fo r a ll s ta g e s in th e d r iv e a n d A c tu a l v a lu e s o f tr a n s m s s d ia g r a m /s p e e d c h i d e te r m in e d b y c o n s tr u c t n g r a y a rt s p e e d s o f a ll s h a fts a r e (F ig A 4 b ) D e s ig n o f E p ic y c u c G e a r B o x e s 19 5 b ta in e d u s in g h e e b o d L o a d s a p p lie d to v a r io u s c o m p o n e n ts a r e o y f d ia g r a m s o r e a c h c o m p o n e n t o f th e d ' gr a m s F e A 5 s h o w s fr e e b o d y ș p lim e ta r y tr a in A m ıu la r r in g R r e c e iv e s in p u t to r q u e T i fr o m th e e n g in e I. Ħg lu e

th e s e T h e in te r v a l b e tw e e n d a s sho w n m a r e c o m p le te

,

diagr

i

Į

A i

đ e ach

p la n

e

la n g e n tia l fo r c e

t a p p lie s a

t a b o u t th e a x is o f th e l a to th e in p u t to r q u e T i

m o m en e

qu

ï ° F ig A 5 b , i o p p o s te fo , c e s a r e to b e in e q u ilib r iu ° a

p p ly

fo

a

L

81

o( n

th e

r i° g

m

i g d u e to th e fo , c e s

e x e r te

, n

j Òl

T he ï m u

d b y th e

a . E ts i:

B à d y d ia g r a m o f th e p la n e t is s h o w n E q u a l r n d pplied b y th e a n n u la r w h e e l [o th e p la n e t F o r a p la n a w ith r e s p e c t to m o m e n ts a b o u t ils a JEis th e s u n to o th m u s t ,

fre

fo r . .

E q u i】 ib r iu

o

m

f fo r c e s

ac

tin g o

n

p la .

a

E

t

q i

,e

e s th u

a

Ti

b e a p p lie d a t th e c e n tr e o f th e s in d le w h ic h is a r t o f th e p p , 40 5 m a r m /c a r ū e r E q u a l a n d o p p o s ite fo r c e s a r e a p p lie d b y th e p la n e t s p in d le s to th e c a r r ie r (F ig A 5 d ) E u ilib r iu m o f th e c a r r ie r r e u ir e s th a t th e o u tp u t q q (r e a c tio n ) to r q u e b e 1 4 0 7 T S u n w h e e l is a r r e t d b F rces on rc e

s e

ľ

th e m

su n

w

he el

are

a

p p lie d b y p la n

t te e th e u a l to q

Jk (

ts a b o u t th e a x is is b a la n c e d b y th e to r u q e a p p lie d S n ıa lle s t e le m e n t is th e l a n e t K n o w in p g th e n u m

o n ıe n

ta iıg e n tia l fo r c e 9 n th e p la n e

e

y th e b r a k e

q u a te d to th e b e a m

șp e e

d

K

x

s tr e n

e

t

g th to

A

is s o lv e

a ls o

fo r

o

F ig A 5

o

c

)

su m

of

by bra ke ber

o

f

te e th ,

fo r m

b ta in e d T h is ta n e n tia l fo r c e is g

m

in in g

'' ' ''' th e n ıo d u ı e o f g e a r s in '

Scanned by CamScanner

\ų n

Fı O

D e * \ı ıo f ı ı n te r n a ıl e u r s (ĦR A 5 c ) ı T h c tt \ n th t t l im in ic r n ııl lĮ c a r

l

c o r r e s p ttn

ds

ltì th c

to

o

th

sp a c e

u

f

a

s u r fn t ť # n r : D t h iu & lc a d o t 1 t h \ U i\ıg stı \ h L ı cnth ł\n t \ w e a r h l.ıw c c n c t\n v c x s u r fn c t s T h c m ı r t t c h iĽ h s t】c n * \h ł\n d T X \t \ n ı H h u r c in ç r c u « c d T h u » t h c t T iti\ u \ p ııiı u ıb e a r s u r w w cł ı r c ū \c u lu ı iu n ei h a v e Io h c m a d e in a p la n e ta r y B o a r tr a in is a lw a y s th c

an

J in tlw

lı \i\t

i

A S

cn n

ı a c \ b c lw c e n c

tm

vcx

w c \n t l ť \1 n c ł ł

'

P lu n c l p in iu

n

u l\in

tu c tm v c x

A

n

cu

an

d

liu n

ge n f

iÑtł\n c e n tr e «ı B in te r n u l g ů a r s , « h o r lc r c e h i ı ct tn tl h g e r cų ın ił n c iıv c * u r fu c u c tm lu c l ł ,

s m m tth u r illin

,

can

p ttr a titm d u c b c ı\Ľ h io v c d

Ltc c u r s b u lin g (u p t\r l fr o m in v d ı u tc in to r fo r c n e c k n u w ı\ u il 【 ) b e tw e e n in a c tiv e p r o flle ı a B tiie to o th g o in a n d o u t n f ın e s h ıı

\ı ı lc r fe r c n e c

'

'

.

Scanned by CamScanner

ıq 9

d iï ï c r c m c t* tw w n t h c l\x 4 h n u m h e r s Lf in tc r l n a g e a ıt s u ff ic ie n t ĥ n ı liĦiŁ\ x u m T h is p u ts a lim it \ t n th e s n

tı ıc m

c

d

d

A S

IN V O L U T E

e

矿二

N ı Pı ON

e x te r n al tio

ra

.

F ıG

ぬ

r a n

f

y

Is

ıllllliw

N TE R N A L G E A R A ND ı

˜

F ir s t g e a r eı ıg r g e m c n t b c 甲骨心e セ G a n d H S e c o n d B e a r e ııg a g e m e ııt b e tw e e n E a iıd F T h ir d g e a r e n g a g e m e n t b c lw c e n C a n d D T o p ge a r c w g c m e n t o f d o g d u tc h b c tw e c

ıı C

a i ıd

A

La

Ħ6

・

A5

łıO N D R C A R

Scanned by CamScanner

1 9 10 .

rpn r

E ge a f

h g e a r p a ir w ill h a to h a v e t h e s a m e m

ac

s are

(z A Z

+ +

Z

s in

U

z

n

z

Z

N

o w

G

2 .

z

z

F

E

z

E

, -

r

-

H

4 r a

t io

'

B

Z

A

l

2 5 2 十

卸

G 3

-

c

a

ll

-

48

B

-

48

16

=

g e t,

z

E

Z

F

ge t

z

z

,

2

-

G

X

z

n

-

32

明

旧 21

F

1 5

.

z

ge t

e

G

,

2

2 58

-

(a c tu a ı)

-

z

-

D

0 75

(6 )

48

(7 )

(6 ) a iıd (7 ) w

2 1,

Sp ee ds

(r e q u ir e d )

D

2

-

e

㈹

C

2

+

(2 ) w

t io

ra

S o h rin g zc

ce n

,

("quirĢd )

4

(4 ) a n d (5 ) w

-

D

o n

1 25

一

27,

=

r

z

a co m m

se

,

=

T h ir d e a g

z

m

m

d

S u b s titu tin g th is in 16 48 Z H

g (3 ) w e (a c tu a l)

S o lv in g z

72

lI

z

H

=

Z

Z

u s in

E

Z

+

G

16

-

+

d ge a

z

-

B

2

H

1

a n

o

(1 )

g

2

d u le

f te e th , b e c a u tr e d is ta n c e

ber

n u m

48

=

3

A

-

G

G

Sec o

Z

ke

a

-

B

.

+

T

=

(Z )h)

-

,

a

ı2

x

o

l

t io

r ra

F ir s t g e a

) n ı/2

B

2

A

G

z

=

th e s a m e to ta

ve

o

z

D

-

27,

b t a in a b le

ge t

e

G

3

-

1 55

(a c tu a l)

a re

卧

Scanned by CamScanner

15

? 0 00 '

G

ea r

20 0 0

2 00 0 ,

an

2 58

1 55

d

20 00

fp m

4

Xix

W

: ăe k ax

. e te r o

pi

zG

=

T F F

.

Ft

=

e

1 19 4 1 6 N

96/ 2

Ta n a

In p u t to r q u R

m m

nĐ

dG / 2 =

r

96

=

.

-

f ge a r G

m

32 x 3

-

' ï X åe x

t

° 1 19 4 1 6 X ta n 2 0

-

e a c tio n to r q u e

2 7r X

m

200 0

a x im u m

-

M

-

57 3 2

ť ?

4346 4 N

14 3 3 N

-

_

o u

14 3 3

In p u t to r q u

tp u t to r q u e =

4 29 9 N

e

m

Scanned by CamScanner ..

島 2O G ,

e a rs

,

EX ER C ı SE

.

S pe ed R

e

d

u c e rs

P R O B LE M S M

,

u

ı tls p e e d G e a r B o x e s

b

4 o o o rp m w iıb e u s e d '" " ' ' " '' " ' ' " A ıı fe o f 5 o . " % r e lia b ility is re q u ire d D e s ig n th e g e a r 9 ı p a ir fo r th is a p p ı c a tio n a b s u m in g h rs w ith 9 f g e a r s a n d b ) h e lic a l g e a rs a)spu P a ra 2 4 C h a p te r 1 fo r r e lia b ility fa c to r T a b ı e 1 27 nt Ref Hı d i b l t re c u e o n d s o u u r e d i p g a r r v e fo r th e fo lı o w in g d a ta ı n pu t po w e r = D e s ig n a In p u t s p e e d = 1 4 4 0 r p m O u tp u t s p e e d = 3 2 rp m L ife d e s ire d = 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 kw h o u fs ,

,

t

,

1ムムO r p m

ï s

p a ir tp

E P

F 1G

H in t 1)

f F ig E P 1 o c ity C h o o s e th e v e ı is 3 2 r p m R

t s h o tt. 32

rp m

1

e

2) K n o

w

in p u t to rq

in g

d e s ig n 3)

u

e

ra

tio s fo an

u e

d

r

s

b o th th e p a irs

peed

ta k in g

,

su c

1

a s

h th a t th e fin th e

p in io n

a

ıo

u

tp

u

t spe e d

Th e

fir s t p a ir is

' "

ta k in g 3 a s

d

P ,#8

,

%

.

H S ' -

' "

ı in g m a e o f a d riı T h e d ia m e te r o f th e s p in d ı th r u s t is 1 0 0 0 N D e s ig n th e r a c k a n d p in io n

'"'"nding c

h in

e

is 1 0 0 m m

Hı nR K n o w in g p o w e r p in io n Ħn io n to rq u e

a n

-

d p in io F tl X

2

n

s

pe ed

X 2

=

,

p in io

F tl

d

n

to rq

u e

'"

ca n

be

o

.

(F ig E P 2 ) T h e d r ill

b rta in e d

G

e a r 1

is th e

l

Scanned by CamScanner

i

lu tio

evo tw ic e th e a ċ u a ır ' ' " to F t tw

F tz

p in io

D e s ig n

n s

x

se t o

p in io

i

f

5

H ln t U 6

P ro

ve

Hı n t

E s tim

E q u a tio

se

n 7 1

p in io

Assu m e n 7

a te

1

,

n

m a x im u m

th e

å

g e t F t4

To

,

u se

d to a tw io e te e th a re s u b je c te e ee w ill b e ı s s e s t re s l e ib p e rm is s

6

ar

s te e

,

ıp ln io

[ü b ]

n

2

2 o o N /m m

=

m

=

5

to g e t F s e

p in io

l a n

po

n

is

w ea

g e a r to o th

an d

b ta in F s e

o

F t4 X

h to o th i8 s u b je c te d ' " 4 a n d 5 a re th e

50 m m

f th a t th e to o th o a

E q u a tio 7

e ca

E s tim a te th e to 띠 u F a c e w id th = m m

d 6,

c a u th e

ie d o u t b e a s to b e c a rr A c h e c k fo r g e a r 6 h ria ıo f g e t e a m F o r th e u tio n in o n e re v o ı 2 4 te e th p a c ity o f a

as

to rq u e

n

ca u se eac

i.

,

X

F t4

_

4 , ta k in g

n

be

m a ke s h ic h p in io n 1

mvoı utioni-thá

i& ì

p in io

ns w

2

EP

F IG

d Fs B 2

w e r th a

an

d

ke

r th a n

be

nu m co m

r8

th e to o th o f

,

z 1

p a re Y o

an

u w

d

m a tin

a

z2,

nd ı ll fı

re s

g ge a r

w

he n

ng Usı

p e c u v e ly

i

=

y2 f th e

FsB 2

e e d b y th e d r iv t c a n b e tra n s m itı

o

"

ı a l fo r F D a n d m a te r b = 2 5 m m , th e te e th a re 2 Ď m m = 2 5 m m r o 2 17 p , n l = i s te e ıw ith h a r d n e s s 2 5 0 B H N n io n a n d g e a r s b o th p ı ,

H ı nt fro m b e a m s ū e c o n s id e ra øo n e p o w e r tra n s m n io n o fû ı e pı a r v e lw angu ı w h e re a i\ c o n s i d n e , a rł S im iı y fro m w e a r

X

,

p om

ie r

-

F.

2 ) A M 目m a u n U se W

l・m Aı

m

-

&

× X aJ

×q

d ho4 1

s 1 5 a n d 13 tx ı

ıM t・ 図旧 瞻國 心

(fo

r

0

an

d

q

iM s ııb e ı

e

*»

―

―

一

ı u ıı)

》

2

iidi

崮

' ĝ g $ Scanned by CamScanner '

回国 自 由 自

一

自

一

뇨

加鳥

し

售

W

æ

召 智 勇

g ：

i

问 -

乱 ?

鬯 四

8

t 1 0 kw a t I w o rm ıp ıo d o f 1 4 4 o rp m Th* d rı v ņ te tm n ım ı ın e o b ņ tw ıo n th ı ıh ıftı lı2 2 4 m m ıı 12 T h ı d ı ı fo r a e ł v o n In T ıb ı Hı nl * rııd y k n o w n H ın o * u ıņ th ı fo rm u ı ı ıı U n tr・ d ı ıta n o e ı 4 2 T a k e Z - 3 z = 3 0 , m ) = 1 0 m m ın d o b tı\n q ・ e e N p r o e « d to

ıłg n

a w o rm g ・a r v ıı o óı ty rM o ı ı tó M

,

,

9

" x ın g lo ・ 1 0 , P o w e r ı o w ln e d « a H o lı h ・Iïo a l g ・a r d riv ı to th o fo ı l à Ħ 4 ı h n m n n u m b* t t M o o o \y ! n ło n ıp ・e ď - 10 ,0 00 Rp m , V o ı ł h ￠ d d ı tı・ı r h n ı a r e e * ı t o ı l ı o r ı t ı ( ı Q ıyıte łı z o p ıtu b ・n d h ı m

Dp ı qn

・

量

-

,

TM 1o

,

ii\ f liH

v ı \* fo r 了h e d rı

n ı to e ı m ıe h ı

i ın d

it h ıı Io h ıv *

iû

ı le r

2 b 20

ı Hı

Scanned by CamScanner

3 14 1\

\3

g h t Đtp v ￠Į W

ÏS

ł

F \ q th +

\

ta k

Ll

t *\ ų t\ # t \ì

0 ,P m * 0 m o f c a s t sM e i a n

a t 144

3 5 kw

T h e p ın k m

rp m

s ı

m ok ・ h . d tthe gew

n

D e n

tu

łt

tra n s m

m

\s

pt a s & ) r u n a t m h t\łt\￠ b h a tt m a t

\N ı

\￠

f sh *

r v

Ą Fw

a

ic a łg e a he ł

r

A s s + łm

đr iv e

S l a b łe

e

he ł iı

p o w e r to b e b a n s n u t* o a h in n n g d a ı f th e to ł tw Ą r t « łt r \ g Æ r c im « o f 1 4 4 r p ￠n = d ł e e h s e 《 d w p t n n a 如 t t 旧 p d = w m H t \\ s ł

°

an

15

c

r[*

r*

dw

* M

*

H in t Ąs s u Lm

\L'

廿

p

+t \ H ] t\

th # e m

0 e $ ıg n

16

at

N

f ı

th ￠ p

đ ts 6 0 0

spe e

n \ť n

、

1) *

ha

O ıw

s ig lo

u s* Ew

' "

'

o

Æ .

'

b tıın "

'

T Ą1 w d h ın c e

s

3

150 0

rr K ıx

S k ・t c h 钿 h in d m in im u m

pe ed s

= n ı

L«

sp e e -

3 00

T h e s p ıe d s

ľ 医

e r 「旧 tic

an

nm

f

OR

F

3 00

a re

\

300

2 1

R G

ť

po M

'"

The

i

a = t T ap pk d at

1h o ' "c y N

n

20

h

p łi r

H 1n ı

a

n

*

o xrhuts

k N ï s r ・ls e d b y m m n s o t a c a s t leo n r a d r a n d g a m h w h \n g m A fo r c e o f 3 00 N Ës r t rt m Ą L y ・n k Č ł\e t rg th 4 +x ım m r o ta te s tt g p ra c k h t n e d n a n h t t c t ü a n \ Cte s ig n t e ĺ l iJ t t i【 W lf W straignt b e \ e ı g a a s U F a ıs m a p a it o łc a s t ı{m h ra to a s t E h e c p a n o ttì e r ru n n in g a t 8 Q r p m rpm

Ą sł m \ı

15

h \ J X !O ep m 30' +\ a ttg h t = m * heł

ge ı4ı

a re

￠ 3 00

叫

ds

岡

a le '

an

2 23 6

d 300

×

2 23 5

ER Ą

d sp e e d 些 岡 a n d 3oo m

1 5 0 0 ıp m

￠=

a n

妇

a

鲫 刚

ıe s p e c i

\

奴

栩

1 71

3 00 X 1 7 ?

3 0 0 5 1 3 A 7 ? ın d 1 5 0 0 rp rT

3 0 0 X 17 1 Z

an

d 3 00 x

l 77

3

F

Scanned by CamScanner

L

205

R PM

□ ■瞩目ı 嘴 イ画岱 圈回

回回户

S tr u c t u r o l to

r m

d

2 (1 ) 2 (2 )

o

Fı G

*m So ı v e Ħo b ł

21

7 2

(C h ıp tır

H ln ll In th e firs t s W rh u n g p in io n s h o m

e u

Ep 5

7)

u s in e th e d e s ig n fo rm u ı a s g iv e n in C h a p te r 1 p in io n 1 is o n a n o v e r h a n g in g s h a ft S u ita b le v a lu e s o f k fo ld b e c h o s e n fro m T a b ı e 1 14 .

B

e a r in

r

gs

W n a t is th e m in im u m s p e e d o l o p e n « o n th a t c a n b e re c o m m e n d e d lo r th e h y d ro d y n a m ic io u r n a ıb e a r in g w ith th e fo ïı o w in g d a ta L o a d 7 0 k N a m te r 1 0 0 io u rn a ıd ı B e a n n g le n g th 1 5 0 m m ı1 m c le a r a n c e ra tio 0 0 0 2 a n d v is c o s ı ty o f o lı2 0 c p a t 6 5 ° C

1

sw

»

H e at e xch an ge ts 1 0 0 0 0 r p m iık ・v in g th e b e a n n g a t 6 S ° C

o

» *

) Se

ı e c t a n o il a n d

b ) D e te

in

rm

e th ・

re c o m

po

w e r

m

e n

r is

d a d ia m

to b e o tr a

d to

u se

ıc le

m

a in ta in th e te m

a ra n c e a n

d ı e n g th fo

r

pe

ra tu re

o

f

th e b e a r in g

ı o sa

ite o f 1 0 0 0 h r w h e n A b ıł ıb e w \n g is m r d b y o n e m a n u ta c lu r e r to h a v e a n a v e ra g e ı ife e x p e c ta n c y fo ı a ) W n a t is th o 9 0 p e rėe n t ı c a ry in g ・ d o l 4 5 k Ń i t 18 0 0 中 m T m 1 o r o e t M « » bı p w h e n c a n y in g 4 5 k N a ife o f 5 0 0 0 0 h r a t e ı b ) W n a t is 廿\e m te d c a p a c ity o l th is b e a r in g lo r a n a v e ra g 1 8 0 0 rp m ?

&

,

Fo

r a

Fo

r

em ) ra łe f t o P r o b ł

ite o f a g ro u p o f b a ll b e a r in g s w h e n ı d i c r ıw » in e ? d ı a H o h ra t g tıı» r 1h ın \ ・ o a d ia 2 0 % le s s th a n e ı d ltte w h a n 廿ı w n a t is 1h * p « ıo ın t in e m e s e in ıx p ıc te h e r お加 以 ı o ıd ?

◆ b}

5

9 2

b ) u se Eq n 9 4 W n « is m t ı k )a d i# 2 0 %

Hı 9 1 n Ł R ei am n r to Ħ o b ł » o a r y = lo a d o ï 7 0 0 N A bał ıb e a n n g ıs m b e d u re s W n h onı w iı y 1 0 % la ił a t 5 0 0 rp m fo r M re « W s is o f a b 曾 旧 n o u t SPecified if b e a r in g s * e r a

%

w

m h Eq

b)

n

3

rT

E qn 9 3 to p a ra g 1 7 ııd m 60 X W 9 3 L = 3 X 36S X 24 X =

x 1 0 0 00 X 6 0 X t 0 0 0

ģ

. 10

X 10 O

n

w

h e n ru n n in g c o n tin g ra tin g s h o

a t c a ta lo

ı» e r a g e

a

M

"

" 0 00 h "

ı y ld b e

u o u e

u

" 00

n w

'

Scanned by CamScanner

20 6

L1

5 00 60 X 1 30 0 0 X

=

o

e fo r uł

6

w

n

qiaı&h oa

be

Fo r

V

O

-

ı alı s s u w iv

th .

ld 2 16 d r g

u

肾

=

9o %

F

X o '

2

f th e

-

e

m r

e a w ra g

IH ・

￡n g Ţł, 1

su

p p o rt

. . ìi 2 0

a

ı o ad

o

f 8o N ? T h ı ıh

ah

m m

:

18 0

to ta l a n g

y 10

b e a r in g to

式 二 茖 g ßX

İ

10 0 0

m

th e

ıh d t,

a v e ra

ge

ru

b b in g

ape ı

d

八

ees e in d e g r oł la d p e r c y ı ı e tra v e

(in

th ie p ro b b m

,

e

.

4 x 16

.

\

* ı* ı ı n 目 》 \0 吧 ￠ 1 ) U I・ o o n 制 p o n d ı Eq n e 5

"

宇ı自 心 聞

= ￠￡=

L E qn « g 2

胃口島

an

d 9 &

o b* m pı

c ın

b o ıo M

叻d

b

ı

甽

5 ooo N M

ıI

d

Scanned by CamScanner

If \h ı ・m d r iv ・ o l th ı a b o v e p ro b ı w r p u u o y ia m p lıo ıd b y ・ « ıłp \ ı n th ı i h n n th e a e h o t * c w r i e m a t c e n ï g p p m y d ıtır it 7 5 k w fro m a m o to r s h a ft a t 1 5 0 0 r m W a rn a o h i t p n * ıh « h O ıırw a d r iv e to r a n s m f l be ı i t t b)V be ı a a n t c ) c h a in a n d d ) a p u r g * a r a C ın tr・ d ta ın o ı u m ) g ı ıt 2 5 0 r p v g e a r h a v e to b ￠ c o m w tw ・e n th ı s h a tta a n d w id th o f b e ı

w

,

3 *

,

bı

C ha ı n D rı vea

\ $Ë\ i ËX - i ? H X 蒙泰

'

tr e d is ta n c e m u s t b e a p p ro x im a t・ı n d r iv * y 1 2 m Č a ig n th * m h a ft o f th e re d u G e r to th e s h a ft o f th ・ tu m b ł in g b ır rıł e ın n \ T h e s h a tt d ia m e te rs a re g iv e n H e n c e th e h u b d ia m ・\ır a o f 1 ł Hı ıs iz e s o f th e s p ro c k e ta c a n b ņ m rm ł b ı o b ta in e d a n d in tu rn th e o v e ra ı nm

Th

! a

h a lt

ł

n

to c o n n e c t th e o u tp u t s

(H u b

d ia

m e te r

+

R o \ı e r d ia m

e te r

) S PC D

o

f th o

ap o c

k* t

2 X s h a n d ia m e te r H u b d ia m e te r h in e s h a lt a t 1 6 0 r p m m m o ao r m A 1 5 0 k w 4 8 0 r p m e le c tr ic m o to r is to d r iv e a ı \ ı e m o to r s h i H a n e T h e d ia m ・te r a o f tı in e s h a lt a re in th o s a m e h o r iz o n ta ıp ı and ı iv e ı in e a h a ft a re 1 2 5 m m a n d 1 5 0 m m re s M and ı y T M c e n tr ・ d is ta n c e m n b ı D e a ig n th e c h a in d r iv e fro m 1 0 m to 1 5 m =

2

,

po

w er

s c re w

s

th r« d « » D e ◆g n a s c re w p re s s to r a c a p a c ity o f 2 5 k N U s o d o u b h s tM s g u m ? * t o w b e *n d ı i » 5 t h ı i h n d t t e c o n n e c o u t a s e c o r s e a h r b ro n z e t ru s w a s ( ) ł N 7 fc * l o 0 r t n h i t f t e e o d i a s x h ı d h o t t o ra o r h e e e a m e e r e h t \ n w a t e a W a n p y ra m th e a c h h a n d ? w ı

d a n d c o lla r a re 0 2 a n d O L 1 h k N : T h e c o e ffic ie n ts o f fric tio n fo r th e t re a m m 8 0 i s ı l r a re s p e c tïv e ı a m e te r o f th e c o y The d ı io s a p u l!o t 3 0 k N w ith a ı ł r m n g m a c h in e a p p ı re d ra w ı T h e th re a d e d a p ı d e ofa w ı n ı h d d i t l t t re a s a n s d t b l s r b a e u d ・ i o e b r l e y e hae q v a \o o \ty 0 1 1 m ]a T h e ıp ı ndı s D o e le n th e s c fe w a n d e s tim a te th e n u t w h ĺc h lı ro ta te d b y a m o to r th ro u g h G e a r c n ı ı % e« o e y fo r th e g e a r d riv e p o w e r o f th e m o ł o r a ıe u m ln g 1 0 0 u tc h e s B ra k e ı a n d C ı 10

a

,

1

sc d ı a m e t・r is w a t 4 0 0 rp m T h e o u t e i d ı e to c a rry 1 5 0 k oı u to h ı d is c is e o n e ia e o o t r is 2 0 n ı t m y e a i c v e r s T h e l ņ a rg a r th a n 8 0 0 m m D o ılg ii th e o ı u lo h

A d Ty d ı ıo

n o

t lc

Scanned by CamScanner

ıı L 20 8 2

A

m ac

ge

n e ra te

h in e h a e

an

e

ent q u iv a ı

m a ss

m o m e n

t o f in e rtia o f 2 0 k g m

2

W n a t B ra ki

n

dT

ne

'

al

a

fm rı ł m

1)

F ro

ıfeu

T a

e m e n ta ry m e c e ı

m

(0

2

re

e

,

q u ire d to

)

re ta rd a ro t a tin

g bo d y i$

=

Ą ú LB

a r in itia ıa n d fin a l a n g u ı

=

,

m a ss m o m e n

-

2)

l

h a n ic s th e to r q u

E

he

=

at

g e n e ra te d

o c ltie s veı

t o f in e rtia a b o

c

=

u

in

ra

d ia

ns

/s e c

t th e ? is o f ro ta tio n in k g m 2

h a n g e in K E

-

ĝ ı(

(u

:

cu

:)

tip le d is c c ı u tc h w ith 8 m a x im u m t o rq u e c a p a c ity fo r a m u ı a te s pı w ith d ia m e te r o f th e p la te s a s 4 5 m m a n d o u te r d ia m e te r o f th e p la te s a s 6 0 m m d b w h e n th e c ı ) ry u tc h o p e ra te s a ) w e t a n d o c ity o f 5 m /s fro o w e re d a t a v e ı A b ra k e p e r m its a m a s s o f 5 0 0 k g to b e ı m a dr u o f 50 0 m m d ia m e te r T h e d r u m w e ig h s 1 5 k N a n d h a s a ra d iu s o f g y ra tio n o f m 200 i d t h t e s t o o p e lo a d in 0 5 W h a t is th e a d d itio n a ıb ra k in g to rq u e re q u r m m s?

w n a t is th e

3

in

,

n e r

,

4

H ı n t to p a ra 2 1 in c h a p te r 1 3 a n d P ro b le m

1)

R e fe

r

2)

K in

tic e n e r g y o f ro ta tio

e

m m

d

2 ı cu

)o f th e

d

ru m

is to b e in c ı u d e d in th e

e ner gy

in e a r v e lo c ity o f th e m a s s th e a n g u ı th e ı a r v e lo c it o f th e y d ia m e te r is k n o w n H e n c e K E o f t c a n b e c a lc u la te d a s th e d r u m he c a n b e c a lc u ı a te d

ca ı c u la tio n s

d ru d ru

n

13 5

F ro

m

in p o te n tia ıe n e rg y o f th e m a s s c a n b e c a lc u la te d

5

T he

in a c o n e c lu tc h h a v e a n e ffe c tiv e d ia m e te r o f 1 0 0 m m T h e i c o n e a n g le is 1 5 ° ; c o e ffic ie n t o f fric tio n ìi - 0 3 F in d th e to rq u e c p a c it o f th e y ie d is 2 0 0 N T h e c lu tc h is e m p lo y e d to c o n n e c t a n c lu tc h if th e a x ia ıfo rc e a p p ı e ı e c tr ic m o to r r u n n in g u n ifo rm ly a t 1 0 0 0 rp m w ith a flw v h e e i w h ic h is in itia ı ly t i o n a r y T h e fı y w h e e l h a s a m a s s o f 2 0 k g a n d its ra d iu s o f g y r a tio n is 2 0 0 m m C a lc u la te th e tim e re q u ire d fo r th e flw v h e e l to a tta in fu ı l s p e e d a n d a ls o th e e n e rg y lo s t in th e s ı ip p in g o f th e c ı u tc h ? c o n ta c t s u r fa c e s

se m

,

6

T h e w in d in g d r u m o f a c ra n e h a s a n e ffe c tiv e d ia m e te r 5 0 0 m m a n d c a rrie s a b ra ke ° d ia m e te r (ffig E P 7 ) T h e a n g ı w h e e l o f 100 0 m m e o f la p o f b ra k e b a n d is 2 7 0 a h d th e c o e ffic ie n t o f fr ic tio n b e tw e e n th e b a n d a n d th e w h e e ıis 0 3 F in d th e m m im u m lo a d w h ic h th e b ra k e c a n s u s ta in o n th e w in d in g d ru m if th e s a fe w o rk in g te n s io n in th e b ra k e b a n d is 1 5 0 0 0 N

围

五 一 Le a d

F IG

E P

7

Scanned by CamScanner

20 9

R o pe s A

1

h" w o ïk* n f 1h e q o

; m lł

De

o a d o f 50 k N u s ift a ł c r a n e ia to ı T h e lo a d is to A n d r o D e is 2 k N

ĺ

th e

ał gn

pe fo r th e

ge

oa sse n

a r a tło ! a cco ı

1)

o

2) A s w

m e

lo a d

a

o n

s

e le v a to r

rs

8 kN

n

-

ır

e gı

ro

r o

pe

a m a

,

t _

G

ro

25

=

(2 4 0 / 6 0 ￡

-

2 34 1 0

0 8

m

/52

pe s - 4 t o ta l w e ig h t to b e lŕfte d /4

e n eva

R W heeı ,

a tc

het & Pa

w

ı

dw er T h e fo lı p r im e c irc le d ia m e te r o f 1 5 0 m m ro t a te s a t 2 0 0 r p m le is a n m h a c n t e W e n i g t t n f ic m o tio n in 1 2 0 o c a m ro a o w ith p a ra b o ı h t e c a m i t e o s t lf o s e ı l o f f e r o w ı o f a r p e o s r a n p e e h r t s ) u ı e p v a u e o g lo w e r b ) ra d ia ıfo ı ro ta tio n e q u a ıto 1 0 m m ° w it h S H M in 1 2 0 s in g 2 5 m m lo w e r r ı A ra d ia ) c a m r o ta te s a t 1 0 0 0 r p m w ith th e fo ı i n m i m e s 85 T h e r o lle r ıa 2 5 m m in d ia m e t e r a n d t h e p r im e c irc ı ro ta t io n o fc am d ia m e te r C h e c k w h e th e r th e re w ill b e u n d e r c u ttin g ı o w e r r is in g 2 5 m m a t fa c e d fo ı a tin g fı A ra d ia ıc a m ro ta t e s a t 1 0 0 0 r p m w ith tra n s ı C h e c k w h e th e r i 6 0 m m e d ia m e te r s M S H M ın 1 2 o r o f c a m r o ta tio n T h e b a s e c irc ı w ł

A r a d ia ıc a m 50 m m rim 3 0 ï ın d th e

w rth a

de

ttin g u e s o f th e d r iv e r a rio u s v a ı i d e n a io n s o f a G e n e v a w h e e l fo r th e v m A t riv e a t th e m j G e n e v a w h e e ıh a s 8 T h e m f 5 m o 4 0 m m to 8 0 m m in s te p s ra d iu s r a n g in g fro m W is u s e d to t u r n th e s c r e w ro d In a 5 0 k N s c re w ja c k ra tc h e t a n d p a w l m e c h a n is m im e s th e n o m in a ıd ia m e te r o f t t o a w h t a e t h c M a u m e tFıe ü p c ir c le d ia m e te r o f t e ra e o f th e ra tc h e t h and m oduı th e a c re w r o d D e te r m in e th e n u m b e r Č f te e t e c o m p r e s s iv e s tr e s s o r v a lu e o f p e rm is s ib ı o w A a s u m in g a ı HM m in a ıd ia m e te r a n d p it c h o e n c h n d e co ı u m n e ffe c t) c o re d ia m e te r a n áte d a n d u s e d fo r b e c a lc u ı s c re w fric tio n to rq u e c a n Now ro d c a n b e o h a in e d

th e re w ilıb e

5

be

n u m

C

4

ire ro p e a n d a h o o k T h e w e ig h t d w ith a n a c c e ı e r a tio n o f

a c ce ı e ra te

rg

腳

a

a w

ift is 2 0 0 m th e ro p e in a b u ild in g w h e re th e to ta l ı ıw e ig h T h e c a g e w iı i 1 h d 0 m f i n l a p e e d 9 to b e re a c e u ı n a n d th e

10 k N

2

irrg be

u n

rc u

a o r

§n H

,

,

d e ıig n h g th e

ra tc

he t

Scanned by CamScanner

21

E S T IO N S SHO RT Q U

.

G 1

2

3

e a ra

a ra ? u re e In g e f fa lı nt m odes o t a r o ı m o t w h p t e w n a t a re l e q u a tio n ? v ln g L e w a n d e rı d e ı a m s n ı t o w n a t a re th e a e s u m p o a d fa c to r In g e a r d * ılg n ? o ı m ı to r a n d d y n a e n tra tio n fa c c n o d c ı a o h t e w n a t a re

w n a t a re th e

sp

ac

ific

a

d v a n ta g e s

o

f g e a r d rlv e a

7

8 9 1o

11 12 13

14 15

16

17 18

19

20

21 22

23 24 25

v e ı ? W n a t a re th o o th e r d rı th c

o a rı ?

g ı e a rs o v e r p d v a n ta g e s o f h e lio a g ? lc a l g e a rs n he ı e th ı W n a t is v irtu a ın u m b e r o f te ? llc a ıg e a rs o v e rc o m e a ıth ru s t in h e H o w is th e a x ı ? e ı le ıh e llc a g a ra d in p a ra ı W n a t h a n d s o f h e lix a ie u s e l th o re m ıd y ? o a l g ・a r ? W n a t ß ł n g le h e ı d v a n ta g e o f a s ı w n at ı s th e m a in d is a i th a o ro a i e d li a re u s e d ? W n y ı ? w n a t ha n ds o f he x w h a t is a c ro s s e d h e lic a ıg e a r ? n ı o ı a s o w e r tra n e m ic a ıg e a r d riv e n o t u s e á fo r p he ı ? W n e re d o w e u s e b e v e ıg e a rs ta g e o v e r s tra ig h t b e v e l g e a r ? W n a t d w h a t ĺ s lts a d v a n n a r w h a t is a s p ira ıb e v e ıg e a is a Z e r o ıb e v e l g e a r Ť ı ? t u s e d in a u to m o b l e s is ı w h a t is a h y p o id g e a r a n d o f w o r m g e a r d riv e s w h e n c o m p a re d ? , ow ? m i o e c p a ra tiv e ly ı rm g e a r d r v s th e e ffic ie n c y o l a w o w ny ı d riv e s a n d w h e re a re th e y m r lo p in g w o n g a n d d o u b le e n v e e e n v e lo p ı w n a t a re s in g ı u sed 7 ? d riv e s a n d h o w ia It a c h ie v e d w n a t is ıb ıl ıt y in w o rm g e a r s a h u n tin g to o th ? w nat ı w n a t is c ro w n in g o f g e a r te e th ? ? ta a d v a n ta g e s a n d d lıa d v a n ta g e ı t a re ı W n a t is a n in v o lu te s tu b to o th ? W n a o n e is d e e ı g n ・d W n v th e m a tin g e x te rn a ıg e a r a ł ı n internal g e a r d riv e s e a r to o th W n y ? r ic a ıg e a r to o th is s tro n g e r th a n a s p u g Heı i lo a d 7 W n y is a g e a r to o th s u b je c te d Io d y n a m c d in w o r m g e a r d riv e a ? d i e r e s n l o c r o a d in g ra e y W n y is d y n a m ic ı d o n b e tw e e n w o rm a n n g a c tı is s lid ı h o a d in g is n o t s e v e ro b e c a u s e t e re (D y n a m ic ı l n ta ) ım e o u ı c o n tıc l b e tw e e n th e e e m e n ılın ı e e l ; th e re is n o ı s

6

over

W nat

ur

a re th e a

'

ımī.thgeardives)

.

丈

二 h a n g e in th e v e lo c ity ra tio a n d 1h is m a y b e a c c e p » d a r g e r th a n th e in p u t ıh ılt ? h a g e a r re d u c e r w h y is th e o u tp u t s h a lt ı Čı e g ・« e o f a b e v e l g e a r d e M tł n in e s w h e ü w a in h o w th e p itc h a n g ı Expı externai o r internal b e v e ıg e a r sm

30 31

c

a n d d u ra b ilł ly o f g a a n t h e 1 h e a d m n w i n l ım a ł \ g e a łs o v e r e ı p u r

E x p la in h o

=

a

34

ic a ła n d h e r r in g b o n e g l w = d o u b le h e ı Ø s lin g u is h ￠ i n c m ıa in g a n d 1h o p n « W a t a a 1h a d i n s o d e a ig n ?

ï

»

w

is

an

to in c re a s e

32

36

召

d

g * ırı?

u n

m

p

in g w

Scanned by CamScanner

21 2 e w o u ı d im p ro v e th e b e a m a n d e u M r ・n g th s o f sı In c re a a ln g th o p r・s a u r ・ a n g ı n ta c t r a tio b e c o m r a I・s s a rid h e n c e to o th B u t c o g e a rs b e c o m e m o re n o is y d in c re a s e th e m in im u m D ıc r・a ◆n g th o p re s s u re a n g le w o u ı n u m b e r o f te e th o n to a v o id In te r fe re n c e /u n d e r u tti re d o n th e p in ı e is c n g T h e 2 0 p re s s u re a n g ı rıq u ı i f o m s e r o m r t o m o e f d c h t o o e p l i a a go p p c a tio n s W n a t a n th ・ im p o r ta n t p ro p e r tie s re u ir・d o f e a r m a te r ia ı s ? ,

q

a t a re th e

a

dv

a n ta

ge

M a L e w is (to o th ) fo W hat ı

37 38

d r iv e o

s a n

g

d d ia a d v a n ta g e

s o

f

n o n m e ta

lı ic g e a r a ?

fa c to r7

rm

ly th e w h e e ı(g e a r ) IB d e s i n e d W n ? y g u re in w o rm ? d i W n a t a re t h e m a in ty p e s o f fa iı e a r r e s v g In w o rm g ・a r in g h e a t re m o v a ıis a n im p o r ta n t d e s ig n re q u ire m e n t W n w o w a n c e is g iv e n w h e n c a ı c u la tin g th e le n g th o l th e w o rm ? W y g r in d in g a lı i d i d i d ı a n r n n ı a a o w a t n n c h t e e o g e ı e n g th o f th e th re a d e d p o rtio n o f th e W n g g e n g th o f th e w o r m ın o t h a v e fe e d m a r k s o n th e th re a d s A & th e w iı w o r m , e ffe c tiv e ı e b ・g in n in g a n d e n d o f th e th re a d e d p o r tio n , o n th e s id e s u r fa c e s o f th e th r e a d p ro fıı t o d o r a d h d h t re k b re e h t i ro u c i e t i ı a s b s t i ı d r e e a t v i d i h e a v a n g gr n n g w ee a s fa t i m p y d i a ı n y a n e ta ry re d u c tio n g e a rs a s c o m p a r e d w ith o r W n a t a re th e a d v a n ta g e s o f p ı to o th e d re d u c tio n g e a rs ? re d u c tio n s p re fe rre d to w o r m F o r tr a n s m ittin g la r g e p o w e rs to o th e d re d u c tio n g e a r ı

ı n

40 41 42

a w o rm

ge

a r

n

,

43

44 45

ge a r w n y ? W n a t a re th e

Æ

W nat

,

7

48

W

n

a re

p re fe

a re th e

d8

m e th o

s

rre

d

pe e

y s h b e tw ngu ı D lıtı

o

n u m

fı u b r ic a tio be

rs

spe e

d

re

d

u c e rs

7

7

d s in a m a c h ı n e to

e e n

in

n

s tr u c tu ra

o

ıd ia g ra

B

l ge m

a r

bo

d

ra

a n

e a r in

in g e o m e tr ic s e rie y (s p e e d ) d ia g ra m x

s

?

gs

3

s 7 L is t W n a t a re th e p ro p e r tie s re q u ire d o f jo u rn a l b e a rin g m a te ria ı s b e a r in g m a te r ia ı be i i h w n a t a re t e a d v a n ta g e s A n d d is a d v a n ta g e s o f a n ti fr c t o n ? i s Ĥ b n d a r i e b e c I il r i h t o u d g w e a r com p lm ita tio n o f M o k e e s e q u a tio n 7 W n a t is th e ı

4

W n a t is

1 2

a

fe

a r in

w

gs

o

f th e w

he

n

'

a n

o

iıle

tı o n

ss

d

b e a rin g ?

d

o

f

n e e

dı e

ro

le r b e a r in g s 7 ı 7

5

w nat

6

W n y is p re lo a d in g o f b e a rin g W n a t a re s h o r t a n d lo n g b e a rin g s 7 il lu b ric a te d b e a r in g s 7 u b ric a te d b e a rin g s o v e r o r ı W n a t a r e th e a d v a n ta g e s o f a ı ı c b e a r in g s D is tin g u is h b e tw ie e n h y d ro s ta tic a n d h y d ro d y n a m l b e a rin g s 7 b ı w n a t a re th e tw o m e th o d s o f a s s e m b lin g a iı u re ? f a e i W n y a re b a ll b e a r in g s s u b je o te d to fa t g u d n u m be r ? W n a t is S o m m e r fe ı u b r ic a te d b e a r in g s 7 d u s e d in o iıı W n a t a re th e ı u b ric a tio n m e th o s W n a t a re b o u n d a ry lu b ric a te d b e a r in g s 7 e m e n ts o f a n ti fr ic tio n b e a r in g s ? s u s e d fo r t h e e ı W n a t a r e th e d iffe re n t m a te r ia ı b e a rin g s e le c te d ? H o w is th e m in im u m o il #1m th ic k n e s s fo r a u b r ic a te d ı b e a r in g s a n d in o iı ı i baı W h a t a re th e d iffe re n t ty p e s o f fa ilu re s n b e a rin g s ? h e a t g e n e r a te d th ic k n e s s fiı m im u m e a ra n c e o n m in D is c u s s th e e « e c t o f c ı i s b e r n l a n a r o u i g n t n i j , te m p e r a tu re ris e a n d fı o w o f lu b r c a 7 W n a t is ro ı in g F r ic tio n ı W n a t is s ta k e lo a d ra tin g ?

7

8

9 10 11 12

13 14 15

16 17

18 19

20 21

22 23 24 25

s itu a

s

e m

a n

u se

s n e c e s s a ry

,

W W

n a

,

t is d y n a m ic ı o a d ra tin g ?

lin g c o n ta c t b e a rin g s ? t is a n e q u iv a le n t lo a d in ro ı e r b e a rin g s ? W n a t a r e th e d is a d v a n ta g e s o f n e e d le ro lı ı in g c o n ta c t b e a rin g s ? e c tio n o f ro ı \ h a t a r e th e re q u ire d d a ta fo r th e s e ı io n t fñ c d Dı s tin g u is h b e tw e e n d ry fric tio n a n d b o u n a ry n a

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

22

tin con nec

Fo r

a

)s pu

V E O BJEC T ı

.

r

Fo t

c o n n e c tin

)

a

Th e

4

f

rs

c

pa

ra

1ı e ln

o th

g e a r to

◆ p re s s u

a n

re

d )s p u

g ・a rs

r an

d h・

W

lge

"

d

) fa o e g e a r a

,

b)

a

o rm

t

n o n

g

)w

) 2 r æb W b e

'

w o rm

s iz e o

e a rs

Q U EST ı O N S

tin g s h a fts u s e

rs e c

3 d .

3

G e ıs h a fts u s e g p a ra lı g e a rs b ) h e lic a ıg e a

e c tin g in te Fo f c o n n

Z

TYPE

c ro s s e

ı n

d

rs e Đ n g s h a tts u s e h e lic a \ g e a rs e ) h e r rin g b o

e tr ic s y s te m

m

b)m

g le

in te

o n

o

d

e u ı

c

is

d! m M m

g

ne

ı ı y s p e c ltle d b y tra l p itc h d ) c itc u la

u su a

) d ia m

e

r

p itc h

) tm

e

th ic k n e s s

T h e fo

a

b

Th e

)20

c

(L e w

o r

er a n

d p

e

The dyn

ic lo

a m

d

a

re s s u r e

o n

L e w is

e

)

o n

ge

a r

a

Be a m

11

q u a t io

s tre

n

is

g th

o

W

ear ı o a

d

o

14 15

ge

a

f

a

ge

l

wi th'

"

・r

av oi d

m

小e e

)

to o th

"

"

p

ffe c t

e s s iv e

b)

a r

o n

a r to o th s

FD

is d u

e to

) d e fle c tio n s

c

e rro rs

h

.

P?

to o th s h o

u

ly to th e g e

ho

u

c ) te n s ile s tre s s e s

s tre s s ï n th e to o th a n d c o m p re s s iv e

f te n s ile

o

ar

c

) to

o

f te e th

u n

d

er

ı o a d

th e w e a k e r o f th e p in io n o r

ld b e ı o ad ı C

b ) g lfe

a te r

th a n

th e

d yn

a m

ic

ı o a d

ld b e

lo a d c th e d y n a m ı ı e r th a n b) sm a ı o ad th e d y n a p lc ı g r e a te r h le r th a n th e b e q m s tre n g t c sm a ı d u o n its S u rfa c e e n d u ra n c e ı im it o f a g e a r m a te ria l d e p e n s p d ) B ñ n e \ı s tre n g th c ) y ie ld ' s tre n g th m a te tı b) u ı a ) Y o u n g s m o d u lu s l o f th e a b o v e h a rd n e s s n u m b e r e ) a ı ı e th e y a re k n o w n a s E q u a l b e v e l g e a rs w h e n th e y c o n n e c t tw o s h a fts a t rig h t a n g , d ) m itre g e a r c ro w n g e a r b ) e x te r n a l b e v e l g e a r c ) a ) in te r n a ıb e v e ıg e a r b e in g g re a te r h t e m u d e d a n g le b e tw e e n W n e n b e v e ıg e a rs c o n n e c t tw o s h a fts in c ı ° I k t s o w n a s n e h t e s e a rs ï s 9 0 , th a n g o p a n d i f th e e o f o n e o f th e g p itc h a n g ı C ) \n te r n a ı b e v e ı g e a r s b ) e x te rn a l b e v e l g e a rs a n u ı a r b e v e ı e a rs d

th a n

g

g

n ı o n ) pı

a n

d c ro

w n

B 1

°

e

e b ) p r o fiı

h

,

i

13

f

) 14

oo m

ie d ppı

t

W 12

a

c

o n ı y to th e p in ı n

ï ng

)u se d

e a r to o th

g

a

a ' e °x ' 10

s h

u se

b) 25° FD

FD

)20

e n me

s d e p e n d e n t ￠m ı n th e d e s ig n o f g e a rs ı d ) s iz e o l to o th e c) m odu ı p re s s u re a n g le f) a \i o l th e a b o v e e a n gı r

b)

e r

h

d )1 8

is fa c to

b

n u m

is

a

9

17

d to fin d th e q u a tio n b) a ) s h e a r s tre s s In th e to o th d i c o m b in e d s tre s s in th e to o th b e s t g e a r s y s te m to re s is t w e a r is

L e w is

8

)

) to o th

n u m

7

b

fa M

rm

w

t

) 14

a

6

ft & g x

M

Į

ì

Po

t eı

v es D rı

t d riv e d e p e n d s u p o n p a c ity o f a b e ı tı a ıte n s io n b)ı nı a ! v e lo c ity o f th e b e lt ey h e p u lı fr ic tio n b e tw e e n th e b e ı á t t nd

w e r c a

) a rc o f c o n ta c t l o f th e a b o v e )a ı

o e

d)

co e

Ħlc le

n

t ot

Scanned by CamScanner

22 2 2

W he

n

W

3

Q

p

in a b e ll is d u e to

e e

W 4

m

a

) m

b

eı t

ic h m

pb

9

po

a re

)T.

b

)

) 3To

b

)

The a n g ı e b e tw

)1

T h e g ro o w n in

c

o

w ) o p e n b e lt d r ı

d)

o ro a ııd

b

g is d

) p i* e y

n

ith o u t o o n s ld ・r in g th e in th o b e lt is ・q u a ıto

C

15

Fb r the s m e ed a ı

\&

Th e p o

c

* re r

e

tra

q»n s o * R r

t ttıe

?

4op

a

o n

on e

d ) n o n e o f th e

ı sm

)

c

a

ta m p o rıt u ro a

ı n ı tla ı to n s ı n n

,

l8

a

,

ı s m

«

ı m

um

w

ho l

bo ve

is

)W

ı e y u sed pu ı d)2 5 c } 3 0P

f

o

)a r

se tı

tr iı u g a ıt e n

14

Pb

w

11

) 3To

d

60 ° ro

)

80°

p e d riv e is

u su a

ı ly

ı e y to puł

p

å į

ş

p u ıe y is

r

)3T.

b)W

g le

a n

o ve

a

en

beı t d r iv e te n s io

d

b ılt d rl vı

a

th e s id e s o f a v m

e e n

3 ı O e

a

)3T.

3

29

)æ

a

17

d

b)v

d in ¡n c h łs l

c

3

,

an

o n b y a b e lt d riv e c o n s id e rin g th e in itia l to n s ı m s m it ? tig h * s id o m s io n is e q u ıl to

a

13

b ı4t

* m

w e r

a

0

u se

"

?

d

l

M a n s m iĦe d b y e m w hen ü ı

w er

a

12

kw

a p o s itiw d r iv e ı) n a t m * ) c tw in d r iv e

n

is

:) -ļ n w

d e to n ıı d ał a o k* ı o n a

l* y d ・p ・n d ı u p o n d pu ı ı o ) m ıb rı ・y a ıo f th ・ p u ı ・lı o f u ı beł t b ) m a te rł p la y ın d a b o w f ・) n o n * o v

b a tw

n

f m

o

) b a łt v e

・n

io a « o n s b e o ıu s a o f th e ir p pł llty to w o r k C) abı b ) re s is ta n c e tt» m o is tu re a) e s s d ) n o n e o f th e a b o w a b o v e 4 0 ĦC a g iv e n & s f u d in g c e n trilu g a ıte n s io n ı L im iı in g r a o te n s io n s in c ł

&

11

a

d

P * b t ic b e ł ı s

&

10

f fr ic tio

o

se s

d u * to tł g h tıld *

in

c o ņ t

W

S

t in c ł w f ・ bał

o

%

0

'"

d to

o n o f th o d riv e n b ) c h a n g e th e d im « o n o f m o tı th e p tıw e r h f t e a bove ı o l d a o d ı i i b t te n s o n th e ıp a n g le a n )

slio n

in

a

b e » d riN

p u ıe y

c e n t r e d is ta n c e

rı s n n iū e d

by

.

lt r i ıl e , ın d b i Be ł t a n d p u llo y mı

b e lt d riv e is o e lc u la te d u s in g th e lır ıı b y o } a rn ı b ) te n s it»n ıa M o o f w er pu ı ey i o n o f sm a ı pu ı ey ł io s o f m tı p u « e y s d ) te n s io n ra tio o f a th e r p u ı itıe d b y a ł » « d r iv e c a n b e in c ı e as e d by M e in o w te n s io n in beı t b ) d re s s in g th e b ・It to ' t itĺ o lh ı o r* is in g id ı e ı ı ap m gł a

Įĺ

a

b

o*e

t :

+ .

・

n

Scanned by CamScanner

m

22 3

pow e o

a

o w in g th r e fo lı

a

ofM ic h

vth

,

is ta r

M u \t

3

a

d

h o w in g t re ı fo ı f th e

e

ds

a t th re

)

a dv

ffic ie

hn ta g ee

n c

d

b

y

a

u se

c re w s

d fo

u se

is

s

d to

u se

a re

i8

s

s

r

r

d fo

pow

r

pow

M

e

m

o

o w ) ı

ffic ie n c y

e

þ

h e re

t

c

9 A

a)

id to b

sa

q

< a

he

w

) g re a

e

is

ac fe w

A

ac fe w

is

n

a)

a

Ac m

d ia

Th o b e s t Ih

14

Th e

im

リ巫 圆

nc

ı y

?

n s

d ire c tio

o n e

n

?

d ) h ig h

ha

m e c

n ic a

ı

h is

n cy c

) e q u a ıto 5 o %

b

e

ge

) Sq

to

r

a re r

d

) ￠=

u m

e

圈 Įe t曾r o

y ol

a

lliı W

) qb s

d

q

)Bu

a

ı

n o r e

qual

tc a l b a

w

"

ia

ttr e s s

ú

m

B

n

出

沪 引

￡e i łt

ł) ı& n i d æ ą R pie

Į m

Ji

* łıl

矛

o

#

ıb

S* :ŕ

ĦĴB

W

.

\r ţ

t b h

ā

th a n t h e o th e r th re a d s ? c

)Bu

b) Ac m a

d ) V th re a d

ttr e s s

ł s

w e r s c re w

tfic ie n c y o f

e Ih r e a d

pow er m

c

)Bu

ttr e s s th re a d

de pe nd

e w

s o n

1 1h e s c r 曾W

po

w e r s c f* w

de pe

n

da

u

po

n

b ) p itc h

p ıi c a b o n s

c

h a in d t iĐ» $

b

ı h.

L￠

e

转 り 。巍

C h a in D r iv e

qu

o r e

a

it n u \? a spı

c

u a re

po

e s s th a n )ı

d

n c y is th a n 5 0 % c ) e q u a l to 5 o % d lı e s s th a o r e q u a ıto 5 0 % f) n o n e o f th e a b o v e ı in g it

) ￠=

c

ity d ) fin e th r e d g a b iı a s if th e ı e ad a n ı g e is e q u a l to

um

a te r

e to p ta b ı

s tr o n

re a d

83e ł ns o m

a

q

<

) S q u a t e th r e a d

m m

\&

o n

d ir e c tio

in g il th e e ffic ie ı

u

b ) g re te r th a n

) Squ

b

11

a

d

a

e

W h ic h th r e a d ia

)Acm

)a

b

a

12

a

in

n

ı ead

d ) 4 5°

e gı

a n

o v e rh a u

e

a x im

m

'

b ) a < qb c ) qb s a = Lea d an gı e

a

re

) ￠<

W n ic h th r e

1

ı o n g

is s a id to b e s e ı ï ı o c k in g il

a

is s io

in b o th

n

)seı f e n e r iz in g

-

F r ic tio

=

th a n 5 0 %

) ıe s s

to 5 0 %

t1

U

"

i8 s a id to b e o v e r h a

ec r e w

)

c

o c k in g if th e e ffic ie is s a id to b e s e lf ı b ) g r e a te r th a n 5 0 % a ) le s s th a n 5 0 % e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e w 50%

a

10

e r tr a n s m

s c re w

a A

is s io

nsm

sho

w

7 A

tia

b ta in

d have u ı i s io n s c re w s n sm s r tra b po w e P h i h Ħ ic ie n c y c e ie n y ) g w e ffic a ) lo o f a s q u a re th r e a d e d s c r e w ffic ie n c y Ħe e 5 b 45° ￠ C ) 4 5° + 4 60P ￠ ) 6

e r

haw

)

u e

t ra n n u m

be

r o

o

ıth e

s c re w

c

) c o e ffic ie n t o f tr ic tio n

es

t d r iv e s b e c w s e o f p r* *e rr e d » b e ı d ) re a s o n s g iv e c } c h o ıp n e s s s m is s io n

t 1 1 h in 1h e d riv in g

i1ı ieer a *

s p to c k e t a

w h n r

b

in

o ve

25

spe e

so

n

in

as

to

d

S

W

Scanned by CamScanner J

22 4

e rs a n a w e a r o f ro lı f l o th e a te e th d a ı

)

)

b ) b re a k a g e

d p in s bove

B 1

In

a

l Jo fu ı

u rn a

) 36 0

a

ıb e

b) 270

°

g th e

a r in °

c

g le

an

,

) 18 0

e a r in

d ) 12 0

°

o

Fo

r a s

3

Fo

r a

e

C

)w

ea r of S P ro

c ke

t

f th e b e a rin g

ith th e

w

jo u rn a l is

°

o is h o rt b e a rin g U D ra tı th a n c ) g re a te r b)ı e e a th a n 1 a)1 n g U D ra tio ls ı o n g b e a rı

2

f lin k p la te s

gs

f c o n ta c t

o

o

d)

oo

) g re a te r th a n

氐

ą M i ￡￡Ê￡đe s z k " m

&

F'

6

In h y d ro s ta tic lu b r ic a tio

"

'"

a

a

7

8

9

i

d n d th e u se

j

o u rn a

n e o

f th e

th e

b e a r in g , w h e n

a

bo

jo u rn a l

b e g in s

to

lu b ric a n t c ) w a te r b e tw e e n th e b e a rin g

a

be

ı

In a n o il lu b ric a te d cı o c k w is e d ire c tio n

d)no

ıg re ares lea tiisv eu sm e od tiao sn

b n e c e s s a ry to h a v e a p u m ld h u o s e h r e t d t a s a lu b r ic a n

) it is

is

n

in

ro ta te

th e

c o u n te r

ve

ic ı u b r ic a tio n p re v a ils n g , w h e n th e h y d ro d y n a m c a te d b e a r ı il lu b rı b ) th e jo u rn a l c lim b s to l ft s id e o f th e b e a rin g a ) th e jo u rn a l c lim b s to th e e o n e s id e o f th e b e a r in g t o s l e o v m a n r h o u e t J th e rı g h t s id e o f th e b e a rin g c ) ıis a t th e c e n tre o f th e a rn h u o t d e t t c a j i l n ) t o c a t rr e ı o a n d th e r e is n o m e ta b e a r in g de pe nd s o n i n g c a p a c ity o f a h y d !o d y n a m ic b e a r n g L o a d c a rry ı th ic k n e s s m c ) fiı o il b ) d im e n s io n s o f th e b e a r in g o f th e v is c o s it ı n

,

a n o

y

10

1

e c tio n s a n d b e a rin g ity to a c c o m m o d a te s h a ft d e fı f th e b e a rin g m a te ria l h a s th e a b iı ı d o h o e In a c c u ra c ie s b y p la s tic d e fo rm a tio n , it is s a id to a v g ily b ) c o n fo rm a b ility c ) b o n d a b ility d ) fa tig u e s tre n g th a ) e m b e d d a b iı h u t s c o rin g ıp a rtic le s o f d u s t, g rit, e tc c a n g e t in to th e b e a rin g s u r fa c e w it o If s m a ı d d h ï t o o i o a e v g th e b e a ń n g m a te r ia l s s a ity c ) a n ti fr ic tio n p ro p e rtie s c o n fo r m a b iı "ty b ) ,

i

..

2

U s in g P e tro n

'

a ı= .

13 14

15

In P a b o a

Aï

So

s e

,

eq'

q u a tio

X

n w e c a lo u la te

b'"'"g

Ï

"l o n

w a Baw

m ıl

m m e rM

b)

zu

PN °

w e r

lo

ss

in

a

a r in

be

g

c

) p re s s u re

m B

b ) u n lïo

a )c o n ve ı g ln g ñ lm l n g m o d u lu s II

b ) po

rm

d)

Ħm

c

)

z e ro

fılm

d)n

o ne

o

f th e

a

bo

ve

P N

d n u m b e r l8

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

Scanned by CamScanner

22 7

A n s w e r s to

C M į n D r lv

(b )

13

(C 1

12

14

(b )

O bł e c tı v e T yp e Q

15

o n s u e s tı

(d )

e *

B e a r in g s

C

m

召

(b )

24

(c )

25

(f)

s

u tc h e Cı

G

23

(d )

22

e n e va

s

a n

d B

W he

e

ra

R ı ,

ke

s

a tc

he t

a n

d P

a w

ım

e c

ha

n

is

m

Scanned by CamScanner 醪。

rı i R R N C L!S R li ı ,

,

.

￠ )(r') V r tt ł M ir P u h łıh h c R l\ ı N r a u l H r MW r ł n A M ı a k N A « hc r a n lllł# I q łllp m ￠łıl M ir P u b li* h c r \ l￠J M u lr ń łll* ı/d /u ı } HI A ı c x » n tlr u v M ł ł f>lul,f r ll / d u l￠ı n , o ' ın ￠f l# n x k »r \ K ll* * u » m j n K ıa d (I H Ų ı l ı t ı P ) » ( ( I ı i\ ı \ıı ıP u b ı i( * n 4 l 18 ￠ i* h c r * lŲ* H i P bı h m r D e t l#n , M r u Y u H ip r c / ıtv * k y r l u l M a ł: 4 ill B o J r M a c h in e D ￠ï i«n M c { lr u w ı la c k a ir ıl 0 t( A d a m A , o l p ıl Tł t ,

,

,

,

,

,

RMUf/ı llł ť

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

R H

«

ı nt

W HR

,

'

n l* k y ￠￠o

ï ) o b r łw

V

M

r c iı m e r,

D

a c h in e

l, M

«s k n

A tld i« o

,

E le m

« c h ln e

e n tr,

c a lc

W

n

y

P u b li* h in

g a

)

b il* n c r » , 19 7 7 H ill B o o k ( :o , 19 8 0 M

ľ

lr

u

ı ı￠f o l Alu c ltin r D ￠￠llp ï , M c { ira w b J h n W ile y & S o n i 19 8 p ıF u n d « m e n ta , o I J H in d h c d c M tłc h in « D ￠t lı 3 , D l m C n m e e RM I n h n W ile ıF u n d a m tn ık lf o r M a c h in e o p ł R ( J u v in a ı , y A S H

a

,

,

,

& S ım

,

ŲH 1 ı

an d D yn a m ic s o R c in h o liz , M e c h a n iTm H H M a b ic a n d ( F l M łıc h łn t ry J o h n W ile y & S tm n , 19 8 6 V I M aı e c v a n d J B H a r tm a n , M e c h u n ic a / D e n gn o f M a c lE n e * , C B S Pu hı i* h c r * a n d D i» tr ib u to r » , 1q tļ 6 N K M e h ta , M a c /tin e T o o l D e rM , T a ta M c (}r a w H ill P u b liıh in g C o ,

.

M

o v n in a n

M

d D

«io ltz ik e r , M

D J M y a tl, M ü c lłin e D e ï lp t , M ( i N ie m a n n , M a c h in e E le m L td , tŲĺ ļ O

tn e ů c lı c G ra w

Desł pt H ilıB

Vo t

e n ts ,

,

o o

M ir P u b lia h c r s , 19 6 9

k C

o

,

19 6 2

A llie d

1/,

P u bı is h e r s

R M P h e \a n , F u n d a m e n ta ł s o ï M e c h a n ic a l D e s l8 n 3 rd , M c ( ir a w H ilt P u b liıh in g C o L td 19 7 8 , D N R e iıh e to v , M a c ltin e D e s ip t M ir P u b lis h e r s 19 7 8 l ,

e d itio n

,

(P ) T a ta

.

,

H A R

N

R

o lh b a r l,

uden

ko ,

Cam

J o h n W ile y & S o M a 如 初 妇 H tu td lln g E q u i m p s,

«l H R yĐ r a n d M D M a c m illa n , 19 80

B e n n e t, M

n s,

]9 5 6

e n t,

e r h a n ic s

M ir P u b lis h e r s , 19 6 4 o

f M

a c h in e s ,

E LBS &

J E S h ig le y a n d ıJ U ic k e r J R , 7h e o ty f M a c h in e s a n d M e c h û n is m s , ų M c o r a w H ill B o o k C o ]9 8,4 , M P \ lı, D e s im o f M a c h i n e E le m e m s p r e n tic e H a ll o f In d ia (P ) , L td , ı ğ￠)] P S (L T e c h , De t t D a ta B o o k , 19 9 5 .

.

.

26 27

.RþZlńg & å#, Sį ￥i af k

,

28

.

.

L

.

.

DeJl

,

tio n E dł

2n d

,

T a ta

, .

D

e $ ign

D

a ta

jo , M

æ

h in

e

E le m

d n ß,

Scanned by CamScanner

' ł N \{ ł N l }ı D t￠ T tt A N H M Iı HNı o N mı N TH ĘM I￠ ,ı \ H t lľ ı \ , 帆M K N T A ,

r w t, \\\ m

\

A

p n ıı \ \ r ııp \ ıľ * Ħ ı\ ı« n ıņ ııı ı d p ııl* ıı» d rııı ıh ・ ıp ı i \ ï 1 n ı \ n L\ h * p \ n m n n łq ł ı \\w w v h \\ ı\ ı ı ııH ı\ ıtıı\ llıp ıı H k w r * iï łı* d m \\ n \ lm \\ ľ p m ł ıı ıın ı h ￠ p \n ł \\ f ł t v n lı n ı p ı ħı I) lıt ııır ıı Hı lı llp i ı " \\ ł A ・ı\ ıw ı\ l \\ ņ łı\ ı\ t h « v # » O ı n v n ı u t » w lt l\ # 4 Iı\ u * ı * ı ıı ıılt ııi ıı ı ıııł ı '

・

'

,

ı

\\w

h \ \h t w i n *

t' m

,

'

t *»

・\\ ť

t»

m

\n « łn ť

h

« \*

ı « \

i

ť \\ ı \\ \\ tn ł\ t n n ı \ ıı ı

ł u \\ « \ ı *

\M

ıw ı \» e \

・

4 11 ı!ı ı, ıı ıı ıi* r t l» ı* ı ıť ııı ・

\ u »ı ı

*n ı Ĥ ıtt ı \ł ı (ııłıı '

'

,

ıo f ı ı

,

\

10 0 N

Ħ

v

ßit0 0

\

do

\

'

ı \\ı u

l* 0 0

i

(T Ħh lo 1 l n )

u

lļ 0

×

10

マ '

o

y o le *

Scanned by CamScanner

5

C

.

e n

tr

d ie t a n

e

o e

2 [3 + 1 )

i. 3

2 1 0 4 2m

V

m

Æ 6

3 1

.

24

.

z

,

2

(z

×

24

+

72)

10

×

6

e d )

N

72

=

/nm

2

.

l +

z

V i s e

a

a

(z

M

=

O b t a in

N

e w

V

71

b

,

F -

lu

v a

1

l

Vp

or

1 0 3 (T

a

-

a

=

\

e s

b/ d

-

p

(2 4

1 + z 2y

d 9

2)

2 5 (s t a n d a r d )

-

k

S

-

2 1

-

'"

M o d ıl e

7

8

iz 1

-

0 3 (-

-

2

0 3

-

3 6/ 60

=

0 6

×

24

=

f k , kd

o

-

2 5 (2 4

-

-

36

2 5

-

60

m

m

io

m

m

[AJ

d

c lo s e

b e a r in g s

to

ge

a rs

a n

d

sym

m

e

tr ic a l,

b le 1 1 4 ) d ln

n

P it c h lin

IS q u

12 0

=

0 6

=

d

an

120

×

a n

722

+

a

e

v e

lo c ity

lit y 8 g e a

=

a re

°

60

×

12 0 0 -

10 0 0

3 8

×

1000

su

it a b le fo r t h is p it c h lin

60

rs

60

N x

i

×

m

e

/S

v e

lo c it y (T a b le

1 2 1)

kd 1

lity 8

=

io

C hĠ

c

-

1

-

t

m

a n

1 03

×

k in g i+ 1

Čb

M

Kd

k

:r c

M t】

(3

82 N /m

<

【 o b]

=

m

×

1 4

1)× 9 1 8

×

2 5

120

2

U

=

12 7 4 N / 2

×

63 6 6

91 8 N

-

m

=

91 8

x

i0 3 N

m nr

:

+

=

-

(T a b le 1 1 5 )

d p in io n s tır fa c e ha r dn e ss > 3 50 B H N )

a

L

[a] ı0

1 4 (IS q u

-

×

36

× ×

0 4 1 4 fo

10

(E q n

3

0 4 14 r 2 1

-

t ı( f i l

)

ı ł

r

!

i

24, T

a

1 8)

r

b le t 1 6 )

S a tis fa c to r y "

Đ.

:. .

ą

毫

-

0 74

=

659 N /m

Æ ı M 】

2

n ı <

[o c ]

=

7 75 N / n

2

u ıı

S a t is fa c to r y

Scanned by CamScanner

c

n

a se

1 M

te

a

ia l

r

P in io n Č.

8

2

e s

ig n

D

e s

.

600 N /

=

1

8

=

ig n

E

=

2

p in i o

[C ib ]

tr

s

m

n

ĺ c iJ

K

=

y

10

×

ci

5

a

tm

300 N /m

m

N / 】n

l

×

2

r

n

q

1

(Đ .

.

0 25

(6 8 0

×

1

H B

2

m

(p iııio

13 2 1

M

u

M

k je d

0

T ak

2a / 8 1 e

m

+

O

y

o o

k)

(D

a

ta

B

o o

k)

m

m

1 5

=

o

)+ 5 0

3 3 0)+ 5 0

+

M =

￠

l

C B

2

t

×

63 6 6

=

1 3

×

×

10

63 6 6

302 5 N /

=

2

=

2 5

K

82 76

×

ct

1 3)

1

-

×

3

N

10

3 .

10

3

N

m

Į

a

n c e

×

10

6

3

0 3

× ×

a ss u m

82 76

×

e

10

d)

3

0 3

1

le

=

B

)

n

1 3

=

=

X

d

ta

(E W

542 5

o

a

K cl

u e

kkd

0 25

2 1

M

K

2

・

-

=

6

(D

2

m m

217

×

Đ

1 5

×

d is t a

e

217

t

k bl - 1

3 02 5

H B

1

tr

en

=

2

m

1

542 5 N / m

=

B H N

,

cr

×

2 5

ig n t o

e n

?

,

2

ı m

t

e s s e s

m t t] = k o C

2

tr e

en

ly

o n

CB

=

-

4

3 0 0 he at

14 1 2 N /

=

ko

330 N /u

1 4 K bı =

=

e s

h e a t t r e a tm

o

=

,

2 1

2

D

N

2

m

=

n

1 4

3

m

l 3 0 C 8 (C

n e e

◆.

D

680 N /m

=

W

4 0 C 8 (C 4 0 )

+ z 2 )= =

3

2

×

1 3 2 / (2 4

+

7 2 )= 2 7 5

m

m

(s t a n d a r d ) (皇

，

A召

Scanned by CamScanner

a

=

M

(z

b

-

y

a =

d

l

+ z 2

l

d [M t]

2

3 {2 4

y

=

0 3 × 14 4

24

?ı = z lı

=

an

×

9

72

s

r r

8

m

Kd M

lv t] k o k 【 =

1

× 1 o9 x

.

￠

C h e c k in g

7

?

c

62 6 N / m

=

0 7

D

e ıig ıı t h e a

te

3

N / ııım [o b ] . 1 4 1 2

<

.

2

p in io

a n

n

d

c

a u r fa c e

C 45

7 0 0 N / m ın

.

C

W he e l e ıig ıı *

=

=

tr e

=

D

a r in

a n

1o

a

10 1 6

×

2

S a tis fa c to r y

.

×

be

to

d p itc h lin

as

2

%

t ir o n

10

e

3

rr ıe d

v e lo c it

y

N

m m

1 .4

×

2 ó

ļ

-

K

H RC ×

60

to r q u

障 い。 8 2 7 6

?

2

×

10

3

S a t is fa c to r y

n ı

(T a b le 1 1 8 )

2

n ı -

.

250 N / m

1

-

u

1 6

117 6 N /n

23

10 1 6

n

=

a

(T a b le 1 1 8 )

2

K

2 5

o

=

1 5

9 16

X

×

×

he el

w

360 N /m

gr a d e 2 5 ,

,

6

h a r d e n e d to 5 0 R C

￠ıe a

[o . ] . C R

.

10

×

h e c k th e

1 4 K u

S

2 1

[? c ] = 5 4 2 5 N / m

<

l

r ia

HN

lity 8 i8

M t】 E 【

p in io n

D

m

×

m

a ıe

a

66

× 63

6

/8

m

+

748

c

2

2

527 5 N / nm

=

ı M

U $ t] ・ 1 4 4

=

o

15

f is q u

3 50 B

4 5

.

10 0 0

a

=

=

o

×

01 0 트 10 避 끄즈 1 l 4 3 2 × 0 4 14

i+ 1 o b

60

<

a u c e har

12 0 0

X

×

ge a r

v e lo c ity

/ı)

!

.

dn ele

1 6 5 (fo r

=

m

14 4 m

-

43 2 m m

=

lin e F o r th i吕 p itc h kd

721 2

+

×

0 2 5 (7 0 0

.

u n

Ķ

+

3 6 0)+ 5 0

=

315 N /m

m

2

2

CE

t

0 586

-

-

6 72 8 N / n u

e

(P in io n )

×

a lo N

nm a

(a ı in

ZR C ı

23

=

50

t

-

0 585

2

ı ı

心畠马图吕

I & ID

A 4

Scanned by CamScanner

L

C

4

tr

e n

d 如此a

e

n G e

V

E

10 1 4

×

1 46

×

5

10

10

×

5

280 N / m

N /n 2

m

u n

(T a b le 1 1 2 )

2

)

\

x

m m

nI WnLO, A , 1 O IW E

R

ü

1 46

-

◆u <

L

2 (3 + 1 )

(a s s u rııe d )

0 3

-

.

2 a / (z l + 2 ) = 2 2 2 5 (s t a n d a r d )

ı ?ı -

S

6

e

a

S in

k, kd

,

th e

ce

M t】a ls o h a v 【 a

=

12 0

k

=

1 03

Ch

7

e c

? b

Č.

8

C h

m

e

sa m

b

ı n ııı

kd

k in g t h

2

=

82 N /n

<

[Č b ]

=

0 74

=

0 74

=

54 9 6 N / m

nu ı

(s a r a e

/i +

园□ 1

T

a s -

l

a

t in

in

ca se

60

n m

91 8

×

a

10

c a se

I,

a

,

b, d

k, kd

1-

a n

d

I

N

(a s in

m

m

D

ca se

n

th

a s

117 6 N /m

=

=

th

a s

d

1 ıı

m

W ]

p in i o

e

s a ıııe

v a lu e s

e

1 4

-

m

m

]

36

-

7 2 )= 2 1 1

+

￠

d u le i8

o

th

e

d [M

an

1 0 1 4 / (2 4

×

m

1

2

a

月 凸 【 W 阅￠ J

' 46

.

2

I)

ca s e

S a t is fa c t o r y

\ n ı <

t in

×

10

5

×

91 B

2

[o c ] = 6 7 2 8 N / m

×

10

a

S a t is fa c t o r y

n ı

le w h e e ı k in g t ı W n e e l m a te r ia l C I g r a d e 2 5 2 B Æ V = 2 00 ◆ = 250 N / n u n e c

(T a b le 1 1 8 )

.

D

ig ıı s tr

e s

◆

1

K

bı

=

0 45

0 45

C iıł .

ī

[O b ]w

fo

e ss e s

2 50

12

×

=

112 5 N / 2

10

N

Cl '

-

he e ı ×

0 758

d in g

s

CFb1 O b2

-

tr »

o 6

e s s

×

×

=

he e ı

112 5 .

500 0

×

60

X n 2

-

5000

×

60

×

or

=

1 2

39 8 N /m

m

n

=

400

-

12

×

10

7

c

y c le

s

2 5

2

1 2

il ı t h

c ib 2 y 2 ・ tu

K

=

he et

.

1 4 K bı

2 5 e n

×

-

1 4

B

pheel

r

e

w

82

×

ı ie e ı 0 4 ı4

68 7 N /m

=

y2 C ib z X

2

0 4 94 5

-

(b y in fr o m

ıı

0 4 945 te r p o la t io n , T a b te 1 1 6 )

A 5

Scanned by CamScanner

口b

C

ta

o n

t

c

【 llu 加 イ

ン C ib

h 《ť l

tu

tr

e

N

in t h

e a e

ıu

N

Y 12

0 6 6i

=

7

n

W

x lu

200

O ?

p in b

c

tł

N

[? c ]u ìh d ￠l

>

hm l

p w

?

=

h« l

tu

ť

6 4 9 6 N / ıï ın

=

to r y

(T a b le 1 1 1 )

マ

fio ?

Fi

c

heel

w

e

f t e a tie a

o

t

o

sa

r

0 66

×

=

264 N / m

m

i￠

C8

=

2

2

tis fa c t o r y

ı

T r ia l 2 T a ke

m

a

=

(z

b

-

y

d

,

+ 3 2) n ￥ / 2 l a

b/d

r

0 3

=

lm

z

=

5

=

en

p in io

◆c

=

=

W h

6

×

7 2/ 12 0

=

mbi

l

tr e

s

w

Jb = 1 0 3 = -

N

60

×

to b e

a re

7 5

m

/S

100 0 u se

d

S u r fa c e h a r d n

ess

>

3 60 B H N

n ıJoa

1) × 9 1 8 ×

5

×

72

×

×

10

3 =

2

1 0 2 6 N / n r na

0 4 14

E IM t】

×

1 46

×

10

5

×

91 8

×

1 0P

194 3 N / m

.

ase e

ht tl

=

Čb

h a ￠l

=

o bįy

vy2

[Č b ]u rıae e ł 3 9

<

c w

3

+

240

ļ

\

O

(3

=

0 74

o b

10

1 ı ıu ı

0 6

=

m nı

m ma

12 0

=

24 0

=

s se s

A t t】 【

0 74

e e

×

7 2 )5 / 2

+

72

=

v e lo c ity

e

91 8

=

tr e

e

n

i+ 1 ? b

24 0

IS q u a lity 8 g e a r s c e kd - 1 4

M ,] 【

=

24

=

P it c h lin

H

×

(2 4

-

=

=

O

<

fo c】 w h e el

p fn io Jł

c

=

=

=

10 2 6

2

8 N /m

194 3 N / n u

264 3 N /n

x

0 4 14 / 0 4 9 4 5

=

g 6 n /

z

ı aı

)tČı

S a t is fa c t o r y

2

ı ı

ım

2

,

S a tis fa c to r y c

n n ıe ııt s o ı

W ith iın u ın

(c a s e I) M a x w e d (c a s e m )

h e a t tr e a te d a llo y a te e l c o m p a c m e a s ie a c a d is s p a c e is r e q u ir e d w h m tlıe c h e a p e s t m a t e ń C I ,

A 6

Scanned by CamScanner

tp p n 1 \\

*

nn

A

t

n

\#

p

ttt r ł o

tn u lıır

ı *

\ı*

tłı

e u ł ın e *

44 ņ

t* tl

*

th r u u « h ł T ı \・ ・ pw p » » » r ıı » P » «ņ a r r ￠\ ť R t n # p ıılr ı ip ı ı ı ha ￠ t » M t ıt u p * p p p t ı . ı4 4 o r p tï \ ti n # in t h e ł h ,n ı " " \t ı M ß ł t \ u n łĤ r » M p a o r p ııw n ı ı n n ß k w T h łł ı ı h \ \ t in n r » rp ￠ ıo llu ı ı \ \} p ıı\« n a ) » n p u ľ ￥ n # r d r ıv l\ n n ııı ») » ı r ıp p n u r o łłn « p 1o p \ h ņ lix ı u \ « lĦ * 6 d r iv a w tt ı ・

・

.

«p

a f

«

a =p

:I

'

,

,

B p u r «ņ a r tı r iv * ıin iu n n l\tıg R n 1, » l, 1 4 6 ro r trnth ı rł ı M a te ł IŁN 22 9 B a * 0 . 400 N / ı (it?O N ' In N ı\ m ◆ y

1

N

w R (ı ı

\ u

'

p a

\łıla * ı, ı ı» l ￠ w lı \ı ıı

*

・

# 1 J» ) (T Ĥ b ı

,

..

a

.

L ift?

600 0 h n

=

5 0 0 1) S

D

lio ×

\

ig n ııt r e 1 4 K tt

* a

u rB

\)

( 1\ a a u h

t«

t4 4 0

43 Z

-

×

10

7

y ı\ l=

ı\

=

ıa e ı ı "

n

K

U

・

1 6

.

.

K p, ￠= t 1 4 =

1

×

2

3 10

x

144 7 N i

=

[0 , 1 C =

(1

1 ĥ

×

2

m

m

=

0 2 1r In

=

0 2 6 (e R o

ı

ł ı

ł rï

y

)

3 60 ) + 60

+

=

2 6

×

229

M

r

ild

m

a

h o c k (fo r

1 6 (ın it in lly ) 36 8

=

2

x

ÐI ,1 k o =

(T

n

ıh \ıı »

(T

j « n ı

'

ı ın

n

)

ıH ) n ı ıı

*

m

l ıı

H

u

K

u

-

.

.

ı10 )

2 6

(T

ł\tlĦ ı

220

(T

n

ı IH ) \ıı n

ı

(T

»

1 10 bı n

(T

n

b lp

m n ı

A tt - ı 2 5 fo =

IU) bı »

￠ (ı łı ıı 1 a )

1

×

572 5 N /

A* d

n

M

TLB ß

C n .

3 ıo N /

.

ıH

iT

(T

60

+

n dk rı

×

10

3

×

fo

60 .

ı4 4 0

n x

M

J

M

,

.

r

o v ・r

24 4 N

1 25

r ・c

×

m

1 6

ip r o c a t \n

g pu

h ın g in g p itıio 2 44

×

10

3

=

×

244

×

1o

l

n \p

)

\ \a )

n

N

m

.

4 6 7 ß × ıO

m a

N

m ïn

Scanned by CamScanner

剧 召 6

A

Mbdul m

2 a / (2

=

R

is e

e v

=

(z

b

=

\

N

8

l

l

z

=

) /2

0 3

ł= l J?

lu

e s

p it c h lin

is q u łd

a

e

×

18 o

=

97 2

6

-

108

x

f k , kd

1 4 5 (m

=

・

9

+

0 m m

n a x in ıu ı =

￠

s

3 24 m m

D ım

m m

īo o o

to b e

a re

° .

14 4 0

1

60

×

8 14

.

itc h lin e v e lo c ity d fo r th is p l it itc h lin e v e o c y d p n a N Ł Į

6) T a b le 1 1

v a lu e

fo r

n ov erhu

5 × 1 55 1 26 × 1 4

×

i n g p in o 244

×

10

fr o m

?

3

.

{M ,] =

×

10

3

N

(E q n

85 5 × (5 + 1 1 x 6 2 ×0 377 3 24 × 6 × y

T a b le 1 1 4 )

685 5

1

-

/s

m

10 0 0

u se

350 B

<

/s fr o m

m

0 1 6/ 2

60 x

n e s s

C h e c k iııg o b

=

n x

lity 8 g e a r s

M [M t] = l 0 k K d 9

2

a4￠】 d 【

an

v e lo c ity

1 55 (fo r

-

Č

=

+・ q

o °

32 4

8

k

=

r

+ z2 m -

v a

e w

a)

z

8 / (1 8 2 × 2 84

a

a

d

+ z

18 ,

-

l

9 s 5 X 18 27 0 )- 6

5

d 6 (s ta n d a r )

-

T

1

z

e

ssu m

iz ,

n

1 8)

(T a b le i 1 6 )

0 3 71

-

m

2

5 7 7 N / ııu

-

o

=

c

2

ıı <

/ ın ı {o b 】 1 4 4 7 N n =

(E q n

1 6)

0 74

(6

+

=

0 74

-

577 7 N / m

×

ı (6

l)

×2

1

×

ó

10

×

×

685 5

×

10

3

97 2

[a J = 5 7 2 6 N / łn m

'

iıı >

6

2

n ia a ib le lly g r e a t e r t h a lı th e p e r ı T he e In g e a r d e a ig n p r a c tic e , e v n a y b e s a t id a c to r y m i d n s e 11 e ı g u e v aı lııa th a n 1 0 % o f th e i r e a te r b y a v a lu e th e in d u c e d s tr e s s s g w hen t h e d a « iB n il p t a b l e l p e m a is a ib le v a w

i ııd

C 1

e

u

C

n

e 目 仕e

E

e

s tr e ıs

io a l g e u ı

is

m a r g in a

de d p

吐血凶鹰 ııo a

(E q n

V

-

0 5

U t】- 4 【

ó

×

10

3

N

2 ı1 )

m

鳥召

Scanned by CamScanner

X

ż 23 1 5

2 N

3 B

e v

a

d2

=

m

=

id

.

a

-

(d

b

=

V

e s

p

>

ďco6 P

d22

-

0 5

to

397 2

-

(7 9 4 4

238 32

P

=

60

(m

d

n

.

=

1 25 n

ax

im

-

4 / s in 2 5

°

,

u m

v a lw

n x

79 44

60

×

1 45

o

f in d

×

×

1 3

1ıc e

fo ×

12 0

m n ı

ra a ı ı

29 7 a

.

m

rg

a

Ż

w

g p in io n Ė ł) n

14 4 0

a

b

m

n

J

×

d

e

u

×

tr e ×

(T

3

.

575

×

ıo

a

N

a

b l«

+

1 ) × 57 5 ×4 ×

12 0

×

2

tņ n ı

×

108

łE

qp 2 M ì

4T a

b l* ıım

0 4 ı4

z

n ı

[Č b l = 1 4 4 7 N / n

.

-

=

0 7

0 7

2

ın ı

ļ

E ĹM

g

6 12 N /

l

u

-

0 4 14

2 I

×

[Č c 】= 5 7 2 5 N / m

2

ıı >

2 12 )

J .

m

ıM /

sae «

(5

23 8 32

10

ı IA /

b i#

6 na/ S

Ħ

24 4

ıT a

(E q p .

/

t

o v e rh m

r

10 0 0

o 7 =

-

51 N /m

<

119 16

23 8 32

=

1 5

=

(i + 1 ) M J

o 7

=

ï ıł m

ic a l g e a r s ) (fo r IS q u a lity 8 h e ı

ı c u la t io Čb

2 2

=

100 0

×

1 3

M tl 【

79 44

.

M tl k o K k d M 【

u e

-

-

)

n

m nı

397

+

-

It x

=

120 / 79 44

1 45

a

q

r

k

-

18/ c o s 25°

×

m nı

S a t is fä e to r y

1

kd

C

4

=

/ s in

.

n

6

×

26 ・ (g iv e

(ı ￡ q lł 2 rj '

3 9

-

9o

+

-

=

26 °

x eo*

￠

79 44

×

+

b/d

V

5

a

ig n

=

ı8

z =

2 3 ı5

2

d a rd )

n m

a

b

l

z

n

l

a

-

p

4 D

ı+

z

is e l

8

.

(s ta

d

P

co e

4

-

d u le

o

2a ı = ı ı n

F

rn m

ıın

o r n ıa

￠

10

S

x

575

×1

2

ı ıı

Bas*d e r m i* * ib ļ e v a l齢 h e a 呷 th a iı t a p l y t h g i l y g In d u c e d s tr 国8 吕 沁 th is d e s ig n m a y b e case I i n n e i v o n th e r e a s o n in g g ır 箔* ・r ıp ı tb a n 锄 ie s l鼋吕吕 \ d r iv e o c c u p r a e ı H e lic a g C o e n t d r iv « A4 -

s

.

Scanned by CamScanner

鳥

P r

b le

ro

p

a ııd

m

a r e

m

M

1

d

a

te

a

A

3

m

h

e

f

o

ir

a

8o

a s

t

c a s

m

m

s

te

lo

is d e s ig n

n e

e

i D

e

e s

s ile

ig ıı t h

c a s

1 ha

iba

e e

t

N

65

a

m

s a n ıe

th e

v e

P C D

m

m

it 1 4

a n s m

B

o

th

t tr e

a

t ıııe n

ir

a

p

CS

te e l

s

32 0

s

a r

ge

e

tr

to

a r e

r s

ıg e a

1 rh

p cD

X a

f h

o

H ig h te n

ia L

r

p

ic a e 】

t e r ia l

he

o

a

d he n

a n

th e

ce

t

p in io n

d

(E q n [o b ]

也

=

×

-

1

0 22

-

1 ı2

105 N /

L ife

K

+

n

=

ĹC IJ

C

=

B

2 5

=

K

H B

×

190

×

c

1 (h a r d n

-

C

3

tr

d a

N

4

.

(d

=

Ca H B

l

l

P

45

co s

x

d

m

o

=

(T a b le 1 6 )

)

l

=

1 3)

(T a b le 1 1 0 )

19 0

=

1 (h a r d n

=

200

3 50 B H N

e ss <

) (T a b le 1 1 1 )

32 0

=

(8 o

+

3202

2 5)

E qn

'

'

m

m

m

d e rc u

To ttin g z

°

"

da rd

e ta n

a

80

4

=

ö

=

w

s >

0 6

z

-

o

P

て口 J1 ]4

)O n

b

c y c le s

m o

.

d u le

Ta

.

ke

,

3

z

.

id in te r fe r e n c e a n d 2 1 4 fo r s t u b to o th

/ s ı co

.

-

12/ o o8

a v o

3

4 5° . 3 3 9 m

.

.

4

W

P

a n

=

d

z l

-

12

34 z

l

-

14 ,

d a ıı

P

d ify

P

7

2 5

=

=

X

T

10

×

(E q n

12 -

60

=

350 B H N

e ss <

le

u

(fr o m

-

80

d2

+d22

n ıo

co s

10,00 0

×

n G e

m

m

l

l

o r ın a

D m

80

=

ı r

(T a b le 1 7 )

1 5

ın ı

d 如此a

e

=

91

2

4 75 N / n e n

(T a b le 1

ı

Ķ =

281 N /2

=

2 5

1000 × 60

-

br

4 0 0)+ 50

(6 5 0

k. ◆

1 1)

28 1

200

-

x x

4

»

G p

17 6

×

m

-

m

s in

45 5

=

° 45 57

10 0 -

m

V

m

17 6

-

0 5

(a s s t1Jo ıe d ) (E q n 2 3 )

nnnn

S a t is fa c to r y A 10

Scanned by CamScanner

l n es g p &

M

=

t

kQ

X ,

r

14

×

￡

10

x R x

2

￡

u e

q

to

3

s s u m

b ld

l

e

13 3 7

=

10

×

3

N

m m

d)

100/80

1 25

=

b e a r in g s

in ,u n ı

m

c lo e e

to

ge a

ra

an

d

e tr ic a

s y ın r

ı .

ge t

w e

1 14 ,

Ta b le

k

丽

.

一

買x

15 w In T a b le ı , iılıu D l t h e n ıa ) ￠

g»

13 37 N

=

10000

1 (a

=

60

x

fo r B H N

JrS l

la t io n & C a lc u i+ 1 7 Ob = 0 a bm n}u

M

Kd

h a v e th e d a t a r e q u ir e d io r V = 4 1 9 m l* k d - 1 3 is t a k e n a s s ııın irıg ı s q u a lıty $

t

n o ,

,

m i ll

i

l

×

c e

d

s

1 15 tr e

200

=

z

=

1 5 N /m

=

m

2

<

[o b ]

<

×

4 6 5 ifo

r

14/

0 4 65/ 0 8

-

4

×

ď co 5 P

=

10

3

20

.

×

×

N

10

co s

3

45 5T

=

0 58

=

(T

(fo r

s

Z B)

W

40 8

a

=

7 B

a

2 I

.

12 6 8 N / m s ic d iın

k ĺ. ]

n ı < e n s

s u flix 1 fo

r

io

=

×

p in io n

5

4 7 5 N / ın

a n

d

su

t o l» t o o d ı)

° *

'"

-

-

・

#

°

2 m

-

.

-

5

N /n

m a

2

1

._

To r y

ın

2 1 4 to 2 1 7 ) ıe e a f x 2 fo r w ı

ı

fı

.

'

i

S a t is fa c to r y

10

(R e Ĺ E q

n s

1 16

b ļe

(E w

0 7 2

2 13 }

O 58

10 =

a

ım

æqn

1o

4 0 t e e th )

105 N /2

=

×

4

=

3

z

13 37

×

ss e s

100

×

3 20 / 80

=

1 3

×

7 × 1 )× 2o

o =

-

,

f in d u

o

-

v

do a lĐ

350

<

k

m ítl = k o

e

[

"

"

"

°

z

"

z

=

i= 1

=

\

a æ 38

×

ı4

=

56

】a m

A4 1

Scanned by CamScanner

气

0 3

p

ro

b l*

4t A 14 4 0

m

IZ

«

n tn \

.

・ tıt t n ı

ıı ı t\ w ı

w

Đ ı\ m

180 k w h * v ln « h e lix T h d ı m n t tï r 4oo m t ıt * ı o* ı ı* łw l= t o t h * « * ・r p * lr ,

4

×

Iıı d r iv e n b y a o rpm lııır » t a o r p ıl) h o llo u l g e a r ı r u r ao \ lı» ı \ ł th r u u d ı \ m o tl w ľ p ıı m a te l t a ıı{ jo l« n p p r o x ł ı ı # d ł y Tı \ « o o l \ t ıı a n # h * łt f * Iv l i t ıe d r iv e n t o e ıa n t ı « «l ı n

'

.

plnlołlı ıA

*

.

b ・ fı» r l* ıo ıı o d lu m

to

m

ııu m e

k

o

o o n

d lt lo

m

D e ılg ıı (A p r ' 9 8 )

.

,

ı 鳥医長l* r i确 lı 、

Ħw n «r

*

y

D

o tī

7 10 N /

n ım

860 N

r \m

=

.

4 6 to r g # d a a

(T a b le 1 1 8 )

H B a 2 9 e a ıt a to ・1

C S 66 660 N /m

=

S in p in io n

m

d

a n

*

tv

.

4 00 N / n

tu i・la fo

r

p in io n

m

f

tı ı・

ı n a

c h ・c

k th ・ g ・a r

・

L ifo

N

X =

öt =

知戛」= C B

m

1

ho u

5000

60 00

=

1 4 8 2 N / l»

=

×

60

×

an

<

a

N B

d ge a r

=

a re

(T a b le 1 1 8 )

19 0

d iffe

re n

t , d e s ig n

th e

(a s 8 t u n e d )

rs

14 4 0

(s te e l Æ B ,

n ı ı

-

43

860, N

×

>

10

7

c y c le s

7

10 )

a

ヨ 戈t 辺旨 ヨ

Ala

Scanned by CamScanner

\ M ,

ıl

ıı￠ ı ı ıł

4 1ł 4ı ııt ıl ı n ı ıf lr * iıi ı ıl \n ・ı v r ￠lv * m

￠￠-

rlt

!￠￠￠ın D

..

ı

la

*

lı

P

,

D

ı

*

X ı

ı e ıı *n

H

ıß fııf

ıı 4

-

»

t ıłr i ı u

A tı

丁H h l»

'

n n ł / ılır \ n

Ił, ı

,

A

i . ı4 4 61/ # lło

gp p ï RJ

l

Ë

,ł

b 4

4 ￠!ł! p

・

2 7)

(Ð »ln

*

II w l

A

!

ı

・

lfłn * »

・ ,

-

l*ıe4 Jr

m

ni

4

JR

72

lıiı n

n * Ħ/ 》ln Z fı"

.

吕四 4 7

lI» fiłc tt tp y *

h

\l\1m lt\« ￠

(rıı,

ı n ı

ı ı » ı łr iı ı gı

(T * b l・ 1 1 a )

ok

r in n a

k

ı

g e łtn

ı an

d

n

ym

m

e

tr ic a l,

fr o m

1 14 ) l ln l 0 0 ıi lO U D n

V

r

p ￠łp lh ı*

M

,

-

T

v p ln c

u

'

n X

= 11 98 m / ı 10 0 0 lc a l g e a r iı I8 q u n lit y 吕 h * ı

60

lly ł

İ2 "

-

×

094 7

N

m

=

geĄ 7

×

a

10 N

con a

\d ・r e d

su ll . A u A A il M ,

t

.

1 ß× 1 1 4. x 1 4 ,

×

9 94 7

×

ıo

a

d fo r

m m

ļ

n

a n

.

2a 81 a

×

10

a

N

m

m

Scanned by CamScanner

6

D

.

【 O N

ig n

e e

fo

e ss e e

\

-

1

协

tr

s

ge

r

1 4 0

.

1

ı= ı

k.

N

-

CB 2 ó

=

(Đ .

2

(s te e l

In d

7

u c e

d

s

tr

c rb 1J 1

=

a rb a

?bı

-

=

5000

X

60

X n 2

=

6000

×

60

×

(s te e 1ßB

1

[O b ]w

hee l

>

[O c lw

l

th

=

360

-

3 50, N

10 8 10

>

×

7

(T a b le 1 9 ) (T a b le 1 7 ) 10

7

l

cyc e s

(T a b le 1 6 )

)

(E q n 1 3 ) T ( a b le 1 1 0 )

=

ge a r p in io n

,

su

,

13 1 1 3 N /

-

(T a b le 1 1 1 )

1

=

n i

190

2

m -

2 5

-

ffix 2

ge

4 75 N /

n

m

m

2

J

.

a r

u

-

-

-

350 B H N )

<

e ss

ĝ åĝ

4 9 4 3 N / 立u he e l

e

fñ × 1

31 9 ・

-

<

c

2

lis e d )

(s u r fa o e h a r d n

ł

26 2 N /m

O

<

CB H B

in

(s u

C íb z y z

=

a

m

2

2

m

e s s e s

=

C ic 2

o rm

281 N /m

=

1 6

1

×

4 75 N / m

=

\

t, n

ca s

,

K ł

4 0 0 )+ 6 0

+

(T a b le 1 8)

50

q )+

+

0 2 2 (6 5 0

=

1 1)

1 6

K ct

19 0

×

(E q n

28 1

=

-

13 1 13 N / n am

×

0 22

bı

=

H B

×

heel uı

K

l

×

2

◆ ı=

[O c 】 w he e l

a r

)

96 7

-

100

(T a b le 1 1 6 )

0 505

2

m m

E

T h e in d u c e d c o n t a c t s t r e s s in t h e g e a r is s lig h t ly ģr e a te r th a n th e e r m i ss i bl e v a l ue . h e s o l ut i on m a y b e p r o b a b l y s a t i sf ac t o r y . o b e o n t h e s a fe s id e , th e g e a r m a y b e fla n ıe h a r d e n e d s o t h a t th e p e r m is s ib le s tr e s s c a n b e in c r e a s e d ,

b le m 5 D e e ig ıı a p a ir o f C I b e v e l g e a r s fo r a s p e c ia ıp 1u ]? o s e t o o l t o t r a i ıe m it 3 ￡ k w fr o n ı a s h a R a t 5 0 0 r p m t o m a c h in e T h 0 0 8 t »n ı e rı a a n o th e r g e a r s o v e r h a n g iıı t h e ir a h a ft « L ife r 曾 q u ir e d is 吕心0 0 h o 髓 r s

P

r o

1

M

a

te

r

ia ı s e ı e c t io

C I gr a de 3 0,

8

.

T he ge

a r

t lıa t g e a r is

tıat co n

n

c í.

-

300 N /2

' ,

t g r è a te r r p n s id e r e d a s t h e P ru n s

a

B ı w

-

22 0

ill h a T e

am

a

(T a b le 1 1 8 )

u e r d ia

ın e

te r

an

d

1 4

Scanned by CamScanner

墨 D

r 嚇調际 国宝

e ıi移强

1 4 K bł

O

o û】 ı ・

1 4

ı

0 867

×

2

×

.

n

62 5 N /

-

B

2

K

23

×

220

10

×

(? a b h

q

.

=

(T ・b lo 1 7 )

0 46 o

ı ı

0 46

=

13 6 N / m

a

×

300

D

O

t

A 3

«

B

5

=

3 ×

l 25

8

×

7

N B

=

M

1 3

×

ıO

l l ￠◆ '

(

ı8 1

(m b l・ 1 1 0 )

220

o

* *d

IU ,) . I o

1 9)

a

目題酱园 4

(T a b h

(E q ıı ı3 )

0 64

×

×

a

1 6)

0 667

2 ı

ın

c Jrc l«

cl

C =

38 4

g

7

1 2

=

=

0

n u ıı

H B

boo

×

-

=

to . 】 C

60

×

-

Ka =

80 0 0

.

13 6

1 2

×

(E q n

N

H 4 ı7 8

×

ı0

8 6

,

×

:

=

S

x

10P

ı u n ı

8 00

(m

w

3

ı ıQ

1 26

=

M

d

=

m ìF

60

* x

m

N

×

"

j

d iı

1 S (・ııı\u

ıA

×

m

(T a b h

fo r

1 ı3 )

ıh o c u

n ed

×

)

67 88

×

le p

ı6

とı罅 卫 爱 国

1 5

Scanned by CamScanner

e, M

d \t ı e ı n lt

o

R

O ßn r￠ ï ı l

10 0 2

R

T

a

u

I

ip

ll

0 ß x n łr X 2 0 X

.

ß i ßlD

Ħ

￠ #m

,

*

轵

in

( lh lĺ ı a

,

i

l

,

=

￥

ıM

=

a u

20

6

×

100

-

ılin p lto ı

n

l ity

o v e o c

ii

"

ı ı

6a

ÐO

«

(Æ{ł n a e)

1 n t fł

,

tiB

ÐO

»

1

1

,

8 2"

1\ m ı

d

n

V

H2

»

n*

lJ

d)

10

X

l0 )

11

-

111 la

ı» tłlrt »

/I I * 1 0

i￠ıJ .

ıö z ta ł

d

1 0 (n

-

I

,

n

tt!

L

o × 1o o o

¡0 0 8 9 1

X

Į

.

8o

×

10 0 0

.

4 2

m

/=

lit e b ņ v e t g o ta r irı to b o F o r t h o a b o v e p itc h lin ・ v e lo c ity , ls q u a y ı・lo o te d (T a b le 1 2 1 ) 8 m /ı ) (T łıb l・ 1 1 6 ) ı k d - 1 6 6 (H a r cln e m < 3 6 0 B H N , fo r V u p to W

°

p

b / d la u <

1, H B

[M t] 1 2 6

×

1 l

ı o u la t io

o

4

1 1 (V p

»

.

e

.

C

a

8 7 78 / 10 0

=

n

1 66

f ı n du

(T a b le 1 1 4 )

3 6 0)

<

×

0 88

-

o e

4 1 78

×

d

×

10

9

89

.

×

10

3

N

n m ı

ıt r e r ıe ı

(E q n O b

-

0 5 b )?b m ü

(R

Z￠

yu

22 8 N í-

.

-

0 6

=

z

v

a

,

20/ c o 8 32g

89

1

×

×

37 78

2

<

=

×

84.

10

×

[o b ] . 62 6 N / m

(E q n

24

6 m

3 2)

(T a b le 1 1 6 )

3 ×

0 4 14

z

9 . Ti. Fa a

. Ry

in

t 2

.

fo r 2 4 te e th

0 4 14

3 7 73)

×

Ö,

co l

4 1 6 12

1 13 2

(1 1 8 2

u

=

q

8 19 )

.

Nl m .

1

>

o]=

[į

2

. 4

×

10

6

×89 .

"

a

? 8 N/ m z

A 16

Scanned by CamScanner

In d u 1o)

(n

o

s a

tis fa

t gre

B

e

tr e

s

th

r

T

c to r y

h a rde n o f th e 10

a

d

ce

te

a r g in a lly g r e a te r t h a n th e p e r m is s ib le v a lu e f t h e p e r m is s ib le v a l u e ) T h is m a y b e p r o b a b ly b e o n th e s a fe s id e t h e c a s t ir o n , g e a r s r a a y b e fla m e s e s u r fa c e h a r d n e s s in c r e a s e s th e s ţ r e t ı th a n d d u r a b iliw g

u

su r

a s

R

ic d iın

A dde n du D

e

m

o

(E q n

n s

m

an

g le e .

a n

g le e f - t a

ţ

-

-

T ip

a n

g le (p in io n )

T ip

a n

g le (g e

R

oo

t a n gı e

R

oo

t

a n

g le

P r o b le ın d is t a n c e a

ı M

w a

D

6

to

o r ın

te

W

te

r

f ge

o

c

t io

B

a

lc

t io

ssu m

ch

2

z

=

1

1m

t

32t

-

-

m

-

6 (2 0

-

m

t z 2 +

-

6 (3 2 + 2

{

g fr

o ın

co s

2

co s

co s

120

×

6

-

6

-

192

n ım

m

m

õ1) 13 0 1 7 6

3 2 °) =

m

m

62 )

co s

w

a

20

2

d r iv

e a r

54 3 6 °

=

×

2

+

28 36°

=

32

z t( 1 +

-

1

=

3 64°

6 1 03 °

-

3 64

]=

2

0 2

=

3 5 03°

.

3 64

58

=

n

N

e

2

m

f

o

ilı e d

fo r V tr

c e n o

o

f

s ta r

C hoose g s s u n ıe

5 8 °) = 1 9 8 3 5 9

e

ińth

o r n ı r o

sta

a

n

t a t in g

n ım

d a

a r

d

c e n

t 1440

r

tr

p

e

m

72

3 9o N /m

d ir e c t io n

o n e

m

2

)

/8

m

n c e

1

-

72

=

25

e en

a i ıd

85

M

at

10

3

-

=

￠

1

-

P

a& tl = l o 8 【

×

t

72

-

e le d iııit ia lly ı

u e

3681

×

ts Z

c iı >

1 1 (in it ia lly )

-

iv ) W ı ıe e ıb o r q

=

l

=

lie s b e tw

z

iii) A

iz

=

3

=

a

d is t a

e

i - 14 40 / 2 0 z

t in g ,

c a s

(r o t a t io n in

n ı

159 N / m

=

r ıla

i) A

da

3 03

32

-

2113

3 03°

n

ro n z e

[? b ] = 1 1 o N / m

C

3 03

c

=

S te e l

M Th e e l

2

+

d2

=

da2

a r

32

f

(6 / 1 1 3 2 )

y R ]

+ c

0

+

'

a n

+

d

=

f p in io n

o

f

ig ıı a w o r m t r a n s m it 7 6 k w w h e e ı a t 2 0 r p ın

o rm

[c 'c ]

e

(fo

ţ

=

[ 6 (1 58

-

e e

ia ı s e le

r

)

3 16

_

t

-

e

) o f p in io n

r

te

e.

61

a r

[m

'

ea

+

62

(o u t s id e ) o f g e

e

+

(g e a r )

t s id e

e

61

=

PCD

m

-

(m t/ R )

'

n n

(p in io n ) =

'

an

ta

62

=

(o u

T ip d ia m

to

)

ar

=

P CD

T ip d ia

3 9

s

m

m

de n du

io

e n s

113 2

-

m

10%

a n

o

d, beca fa c e

i8

ss

ow er x

60

ro s u x tiu

2xtcxrpınwheel l

×

l

×

3681

×

10

3

-

2

x

i x iö

f￠o

=

-

1 (a

3 581 N ssw

ıe ı

m

d)

N h w

Scanned by CamScanner

8

l * l

,

m

.

.

R*

m

v

lı・

N

ow

a

N

d

*n

a

ı a tio

u

3 49

.

n

8 3

(T a b la 4 2 ) m n\

(ıt« n d a r d )

n m ı

b t ・In d l

o

r e o a la u

i*

a

,

modiing

10

=

.

lo

3x

.

T ake ,

c a

2 ￠ı

m

4

d u lo

o

i

la te cl to

t

a

a rr v o

da rd

m ıt ı

a

c øn

q

=

0 6

=

4 16

m

・a r e a

(q

,

+ *

)- 0 6

ıı1

t

=

ta

n

da rd

tr ・ d iıt n n

con

iı 4 0 0

ee

n m ı

a c c o r d in

,

N

o w

400

,

w ・ ı ı to d

iu q

0 6 × 1 0 × (q + 7 2 )p

=

CD

o f tho

dl ・

wo rm

g

q

8

-

n ı..

×10 -

8

0 mm

8

(E q n V

1

p itc h lin

=

rrd =

S in

>

ce

a ccou n

t fo

4

7

.

R

ev

ia e k d

V2

W

0 86

×

ep e e

o rm

=

60

14 4 0

60

e in c *

V2

x n x

×

10 0 0

-

0 76 .

m

M ￠] iß

u n a

10 -

t

=

w o rm '

60

14 4 0

×

.

100 0

×

6 03

/8

m l

1/ 8 ,

7

-

Č 】ie 【 .

7 12 6 °

du

re

c ıd

í

{

by 15 %

to

2

m

a c tu a

×

m

l p itc h lin 14 4 0

r

=

'

0 75

m

l

×

1

×

1

×

e v e lo c ity o

(Z n m

.

) ,

60

×

10 0 0

f , th e

w

heel

(E q n

!!

4 12 )

/8

/ a (le a 8 th a n 3

W ti] = 6 0 k K d M

-

f th e

4 10)

epeed

10 0 0

l

×

=

to b e m o d ifie d

d (r p m ) ×

10 0 0

Z /q

-

80

1C x ī

o

.

a

7

13 6 N / m

=

×

Į

v e lo c ity

n

M t】fo r th e d 【

an

60

t"

e

ta

/ e , [Č , ] h a

m

th e in c r e a e e d

r

[o . ] = 1 6 9 '

R 10

g to

(P 4 1 8 )

ı・ń ・ı

e

ce

(T a b le 4 2 )

72)

× (1 1

10

×

d iıta n

tr e

/8 ), n ı

kd

× 8681 ×

10

1

-

3 .

368 1

×

3

10 N

m ı

n

lt e r e d

A 18

Scanned by CamScanner

8

D

.

e

te

2

m

#

.

E ffic ie

n c

n

o 95

=

e a

t r

a a

n

×

×

2

m

3581

8

>

72

×

×

10

3

0 499

z

,

ic d iın

z

/co

8

=

73 7

.

a

7

3

72/co

-

n

4 9)

śE q n

7 12 5 °

ts

80

(T a b le 1 1 6 )

0 499

=

u

ta

(r

n

F

7

n

p)

+

v

(7

ta n

125°

ta

1 7 1 8 °)

+

P l

4 44

-

o w er

e n s

io

10

-

( (to

-

×

40

t )A a

/ß,

m

F ig 4 7

P - P - 0 03 1 7 18°

n =

T ake K

×A

to

2

m

s

ly s is

a n a

In p u t p

ı id in g e lo c it ie s g r e a t e r th a n 3 o r

￠ı0 0 3 fr o m

ta n 7 1 2 5 °

x

e ın o v a

A

-

eq

l

/ ıD H ı2

0 7 63)× 7500

.

ie

ta

n )×

(1

(ļ

13 5 N / m

=

0 763

=

H

e a ße a

y

0 95

-

tr

2

m

ic b l = 1 1 0 N

<

10

10

qzyu

a

a r g in a ll y g r e a te r (n o t g r e a te r th a n 1 o r lu ) t h a d th e d e s i n g m a y ĥ e p r o b a b ly ts a t ia fa c t o r y

m

3

d

c e

[? . ]

>

1 9 3

23 7 N /m

=

W

m

W

=

Æ

B

f in d u

ıı o

In d u c e d s t r e s s is p e r m is s ib le v a lu e a ? b

9

tio

a

14 1 9 N /

=

th e

in

r ın

t

a

t

10 W / m

=

2

%8

4 15)

4 0 °C

=

n s

o r m

o if

L e ń g th

'

*

on

2(11

iı L

+ O

(1 1

0 06

+

163 2

L

L

ı

N

be r t u ıı

=

A c tu

a

35

+

l le

p itc h d ia

o

153 2

=

+

f th r e a d s

n

g th

n ıe

o

te r

f o

35

w orm

on

w o rn ı

f tlıe

=

oo

t d ia

80

2

n ıe t e r ×

10

d

-

fı

d

-

2 )< (0 3

6

ı ııe

2m ×

×

7 2 )5 « 1 0

m

na

L

=

x rrm

d

w o rm

l

(T a b te

.

į 6)

n ım

18 8 2

=

P r o ]n T a b le 4 2 , T ip d ia R

b 6 z )m

te x

r

.

Vn

m

6

-

80

-

ı

da1 2c

10 )į 5 4

(w ith g r in d in g .

=

x n x

a

llo w

a n ce

)

1 8 8 2 / (n X 1 0 ) = 5 9 9 10

188 4 9

-

m

-

6

m

m m

-

d1 + 2m

(6

=

0 3

m

«

=

80

+

2 3( 1 0

.

10 0m

m

J

M m

A 19

Scanned by CamScanner

W lıe

￠t

l

F

a c・ w

b

*

id t h

o 76 d t

(z

=

2 )m

+

d rł= (1

2 )m

a x im

u m

d « a 2 74 0

+

ß0

l2

0 3

=

w

h e e l d ia

2

×

m e te r

760

10

×

74 0

=

72 0

=

田 m

m m

J

m

0 3 × 10

×

=

72

.

.

2 )1 0

(c

2

10

z m

+

2c

.

80 m m

=

-

(7 2

=

«

w

×

,

2 )1 0

(7 2

e i

M

0 76

=

T a b l・ 4 2

IP p o m da z

f th e

o

(T a b le 4 6 )

heat

694

-

d e2

m m

d. 2

2

2m

+

(T a b le 4 6 )

.

m m

th e d i】n e n s io n s w ith th o s e d v is e d to c o m p a r e t o r q u e o n th e w h e e l i8 th e p r o b ie m 吕 th e g iv e n fo r p r o b le m 4 1 In b o th b e t w e e n th e c e n tr e d is t a n c e s ıĤ M e b u t t h e r e i8 a s m a ll diference a t 900 r p m n s ın it 6 k w P r o b le m 7 1 D e ılg n a R a t b e lt d r iv e t o t r a b e 2 6 1 A s s u ın e t h a t S p e e d r e d u c t io n ia t o o f t h a d r iv e r p u u e y t h ・ ı・r v lo e lı l e h o u r a a d a y

N

T h・

o t ・1

d e n t in

a tu

a

lle y d la rııe t e r R e fe r to T a b le 1 o 6 A a e tıın in g d ia m e te r o f p u lle y a s 1 8 0 m in im u m p lle ı - 4 ı P

u

A c tu

a

l b e lt

ßp e e

d

=

O õ

b e lt

a

spee

o

f 20

d th e

a n

m m

d

" -

co rre s

×

10 00

m

fın d th e d in g N o o f

w e

pon

8 48

=

60

/8 ,

m

/

s

C hoose d 2 00 T h iı ıp e e d i吕 m u c h le 吕8 th a n th e a s a u m e d v a lu e 9 0 0 / (6 0 × 1 0 0 0 ) 9 4 2 m / s F r o m a n d fin d b e lt s p e e d a s n x 2 0 0 × m m T a b le 1 0 6 fo r t h e b e lt a p e e d 1 0 m /e a n d d - 2 0 0 m n ı N o o f p lie s - 6 -

=

,

D

C 8

p

.

e

=

2 6

2 00

×

d lıt a n c C m in . 2 (D

tr e

・n

D

id

-

te

in

rm

a

t io

e

+ o

n

-

500

m n ı

R e fe r to p a r a 1 0 8 F o r fla t b e lt, d ) = 2 (6 0 0 + 2 0 0 ) = 1 4 0 0 m m f

v a r io u s

fa

c

to r a

a n

d

c a

lc

u

la t io

n

o

f d e s ig n

o w e r

L

oa

d

co r re c

tio n

fa c to r R

・

=

(T a b le 1 0 6 )

1 3

(fo r in te r m itte n t lo a d 吕) A

r"

A

r c o f co n

Bm

a

f

co n

ta c t

ta e t

-

10 0

co rr ec

im

łw

=

a

h

tim

Ķ

200

M m

R a

İ

.

ı ıp u lle y fa c to r

(fo r d D

d

￠a d

kW

Ķ

×

c to r

180

=

=

\

m

・

60

(T a b le 1 0 7 )

1 04

e 10 8 ) (T a b ı

0 6

-

m

60

)

Bq 1 04

×

0 6

=

12 5 k w

Aą o

Scanned by CamScanner

t i ım

&

ıJ o

&

l p tr

ım

*

d

C

« * ı\ m

r a

B

ı t

«

?

.

B

s

ra

t ın g

=

2

×

&

Ħr

B

n »b

ı » =

=

e

ı2 5

ı * n

fo

į

.

=

ı D

e

o

×

1

ıd

p

l ıı l s

=

L

=

0 0 23

o a

d

tu

l

a

pe

s

r a t iııg

d

o

t 10

a

9 42/ 10

×

e

m

p

it y iß o 0 2 3

a c

f th e b e ı t /

m

(9 4 2 / 1 0 )

s x

0 02 17 k w /

=

n u ıı/

t iııg × N

« to

o

d r iv

o

o

-

f p lie

s

125

m

(T

m

a

o o21 7 115 2

×

m

5

m

bı e 1 0 1 0 ) fo

5 p Ķ b e lt

r

e

(E q n 1 0 n

50 0

+

p ly

\

20 0 )+

+

i

3 9 15 6

-

m

m

m

id t i n

ı3

+

D

138

-

e a

13

+

ig

d

2

=

m

o m

ar

(T

m

b le

a

10 2

)

m

m

n

& b

ıt v e ・ 22 5 kw D r iv e th e P e e n

ıı a

= n u u n

p

p

c a

ËO l w e r ra

ded

e ıı

a

e

_

D /i R

ı D

/ s

It a

d )・

.

tt w id Yth

&

tr

ac

m

=

it ıe d 3 Į D i m o e b e tw ı3 ı= tb

th e

to

9 42

ı o a d

r o t ın

r

(D

14 0 0

3 920

=

=

=

t 9 42

a

t beł t

n g ti

ĐC

=

r a t it ıg

b e lt

e

d tìı is

m

=

L

p

f th

o

Bi ı m

e

o

ıđt h

T fu

lo a d

e

id rd h

w

w

e e

th

Spe*d

&

łt

a

d ti n b r ic b e lt (li h g t d u ty ) is s e ı e c te d a t 10 a t 1 8 & o ııı T a b le 1 o 9 , ā ııg c o r r e c t io n ı

ıti# łı s p

ıw in

f b

o

1

=

a

-

3

-

te d ıW

ı

225

×

×

0 4 ×

ıĻ

Ķ

fo

r

s

p

r

K A

e

d

4 00 *

m

fo lıo w in g d a t a P o 7 4 0 r p ın S p e e d r L a r g e p r ılle y d i a m =

3 m

=

lıı =

th e e

rc

o

f

e r

a

t io

e

t e lp

(r i ı

98)

m

1 5 (a

=

w

s s u ıııe

c o ııt a e

d)

(T

a

b le

10 6)

t

=

180

=

互吕リ

ı5

Q J C

60

×

400 且

v

g 冒

呙

・p

口

= =

39 65 kw

=

3000

16 4°

1 064

h ıt i « » ı) (T a b le =

» ıh

g i*

1 8

1o 7)

(T a b le 1 0 名)

ı自匦 虹旧 屋 e cł e d r も国虹 F 曜 t d ııc と 细出台昭 轻治 国 ワ 出国 孑) is s e ł ° fr o ın T a b le 1 0 9 ıt 1 8 0 ł & o a e ņ k w /ıa m /Þ y * t ıo m

墓 每日ı 制匡 ・ e t iı 、

× 辱り

e

Scanned by CamScanner

4

ıo

d

a

,

_

r a

L in

tin g

v eı o c ity o

e a r

t io

c o rr e c

n

ttd n i

f th e b e lt

=

V

=

60

n x =

ıo a d in g

ra

r

t in g

a

t 15 5

/8

m

B

th

ıu

×

0 0 28 9

x

1o 00 74 0

×

15 5

.

o 1/ 8

100 0

ra

tin g

1 5 6 / 10

t 1 0 m /s

a

x

1 5 5/ 1o

0 0 4 4 8 k w / m m / p ly

=

d b e lt s p e e d 1 5 5 m /8 (1e 8 8 F o r d ia n ıe te r 4 0 0 m m a n T a b le 1 0 5 ta k e n a s 6 fr o m 2o m u m b e r o f p Į ie s m a y b e 39 65 14 7 5 m m D e s ig ņ p o w e r = u ı o e iL 0 U4 4 ö x o li s e f o N o × p ıo a d in g r a tin g y b e lt (T a b le 1 0 1 0 ) fo r a 6 p ı m 2 m 5 1 t T h e w id th is r o u n d e d o ff o lt

e

an

r r

60

r

=

5

400

ıo a d in g

=

×

w

w

id t h ls ), n

r

P

7

P P

r o

ı le y W id t h = B e lt w id t h

n

b le

9

n ı

22 5 k w

-

ı B

e

lt

P

u

lle y D i a

2

.

R

4

N

se c

25

+

m

m

152 + 2 5

-

177

-

V b e lt D e s ig 】ı a S p e e d r a t io = 3 D

d r iv r iv e r

t io n

fo r P

t io

S e le c t C '

n

ın e

te

'

fo

e

r

sp e e =

d

th

fo u

e

7do

=

22 5 kw

,

r

p

o w

in g

d a ta

m

T a b le 1 0 1 1 :

fr o m

r

d e d d ia r a e te

e Ĝ o m l n ie n

sec

m

m

r

d

-

200

(T a b le 1 0 1 1 )

m n ı

iııa ıp it c h 】 e n g th

o m

g{D

=

2C ・

=

2

=

2 523 2

L

×

600

+

+

m

d )・

V

6oo

+

2 o o)+

\

m

N e a r e s t s ta n d a r d n o m in a l p itc h le n g th fo r a C b e lt i8 2 4 9 4 m M fr o ııt D e s ig n D a t a B o o k N o m in a l in s id e le n g th is 2 4 3 8 m n ı S p e e ifie a ń o n t is C 2 4 3 8 ıe b e ı o f tł &

S e le

c

t io

n

C d r r e c t io

Se

r v ic e

f

o n

v a r

h

c

E ıc to r

io

m a t i o n

u s

to r F .

F

.

-

=

0 92

'

1 4

fa c to !

Jf 4

rs /

,

lı "

!

Ë

.

(D a t a B

oo

k)

(T a b le 1 0 1 6 ) 8 22

Scanned by CamScanner

A

rc

f

o

ta

con

t

c

D

180

=

d ×

C

60

180

e

×

600

60

14 0 ・

-

o 89

M a x i ın ım p

6

M ı

r

S "

:

(1 4 7

=

4 5

N

7

b

r ıın

n b

o

r o

f

n ıo t u

is h

T

1

o

f b

o

F

X

p

b

.

60

D /d

e

200

7C X =

60

×

×

74 0

7 76

.

1000

3

×

ın

th

o o

-

228 4

10

×

m m

×

7 75

2

)× 7 76

ım

F d

x

.

×

×

0 92

1 4 ×

0 89

-

8 65

9 b e tt a

-

m

m

D

e g

n u ın

b

e r s

=

27

8

2

-

iz l

tu

2 5

=

l

a

a

fo

c

h

in

a

ßp r o c

r

k

e

tß

s

pe

e

27

×

d

ra

-

=

S

S

e

le

c

T

a

13 00

C

e n

r

t io

ıı o

67 5

-

(p r e fe r a b le t o h a v

67

d io i = 6 7 / 2 7

ke P pn

tr

ı,

e

-

f p it c h 15 875 m

fr o n

d 血姑a

a

-

(3 0

a

=

30

ı

(T a b le 1 1 4 )

t'

fo r i - 2 5

1

c

jg n

=

2 4

l

a n

e

(e m

a

í.

.

/»

lt s

10

z

A 2

m

(T a b le 1 0 1 8 )

1 14

22 5

F

n l

2 34

W ×

(T a b le 1 0 1 7 )

9 2 )8

1000

×

.

200

-

d

N

4

10

×

0 09

7 75

Tm

.

d

=

it y

a c

2 34

r

(T a b le 1 o 1 6 )

d r iv e t o t r a l ıs ın it 6 k w a t 9 0 0 r p ııı S p e e d r e d u c t io n iß 2 6 1 D r iv in g ın o t o r i= s p r o c k e t p in io n t d a a n rt e d o n b u s a b le b a B e A s ßu ın e t h a t ıo a d is a t e a d y } d r iv e (M U O e t 9 6 ) r i z o n t a l a n d s e r v i c e i8 1 6 h o r ır e /d a y

b le

a

e r

584 4

=

P

×

1 1 4 fo

-

e

p

b e lt s p e e d

b

d

c a

14 2 7

-

F

į

=

e r

0 09

(1 4 7 F

=

o w

m

fo r

T a b le 1 1 5

z l

27

-

a n

(Ħ n io n

d

n ıa x

ep ro eke

im

t

n m

n ın B

o

n u m

ber)

il d e v ia t io n c a n b e to le r a t e ċ L )

B

p r o c l￡je t

a

t 900

s

pe ed

rp m

o n

ly )

n G e

(E q n

5 0 )p ×

dd

1 5 8 7 5 to 6 0

×

15 87 5,

4 7 6 2 5 to

79 3 7 5

11 3)

ın N ı

A2 3l

Scanned by CamScanner

Take 4 6

.

.

A

s s \ım

T

o

a

4 76 26

=

s in ıp le x

e

ta l ı o a d

m m

h a in

c

s id e

d r iv in g

th e

on

1 / R ÕO

1 0A

,

o

ith

w

f c h a in

m

P

,

1 O l kg/ m

(T a b le 1 1 6) P t + + P S (E q n I 1 4 ) (E q n I 1 5 )

=

T

-

T a n g e n tia ıfo r c e p , - 1 0 2 0 N l u N

6 lsw

-

u

P

t

=

1020

=

m

Ą P

1 01

.

k

=

.

w

ó

P 7

.

D

e s

8

.

F

a c

B n

-

lo

a

11

=

=

1

e s

ig n

to

o

r

re a

C h

k fo

In d u

g

m

w

=

×

4 76 25

P

-

l

×

×

ce

lu

3

10

28 86

k2

=

1 (fo r

a

ka

-

1

(fo r

a

24

-

1 (fo r h o r iz o n ta l d r iv

k5

-

1 5 (a

l26

-

1 2 5 (fo r 1 6 h o le

×

l

1022 4

=

B

-

d b e a r in g

su

p p o r ts )

3 0 p to 5 0 p )

-

e

,

in c lin

a

t io n

d fo r p e r io d ic lu b r ic a ū

e

1 25

s

u o n

° p to 6 0 )

)

)

1 8 75

-

1 875

19 17 N

=

k in g lo a d / D 1 = 2 2 ,2 0 0 N

re a

to 1 1 1 3 )

es

ig n

lo a d

(T a b le 1 1 6 )

11 5

-

o

a

d ju s t a b le

ssu m

×

)

d)

c o n s ta n

e a r

w

t lo

1 (fo r

×

1 1 7)

1022 4 N

-

1 5

(E q n

(T a b le s 1 1 8

is g r e a te r t h a n th e

e

=

k,

×

11 6)

28 86 N

.

+

m e tr e

(w e ig h t p e r

1o 1 N /m

-

(E q n

(T a b le 1 1 7 )

k4 Kõ 26

fe ty

s a

r

/s

e

k,

p x

I3

lo a d

v a

m

4 1 76 N

.

6 fo r h o r iz o n t a l d r iv

-

2 2 ,2 0 0 / 1 9 1 7

=

e c

l

f

2

k in g lo a d fo r 1 0 4

T h is

9

d

Kz

×

×

6 43

.

10 00

951 78 N

=

9 5 1 7 8 + 4 1 75

EP

ig n

ks

D

=

T

10 I

×

9 00

×

15

60

1000

×

6 43

×

×

.

a

k

=

60

6/ 6 43

×

2

u

=

27

x n l l x p

z

f

u

r o

re co m m

en

ded

v a

lu

e

g iv

en

in T a b le

e r s

s tr e s s

Č

=

P

,

x

(E q n

ks / A

11 9)

(T a b le 1 1 6 )

10

N

[ç i]

Č >

o

t

sa

[c i] 2 2 4 N / 2

tis fa c to r y

=

(T a b le 1 1 1 4 )

M ia l 2 A

Ł

ssu m

×

e s

ig iı lo a d

=

=

l

25

d r o p lu b r ic a tio n l

k. D

e

×

l

×

l

×

l

102 2 4

× ×

1 25

1 25

-

1 25

-

-

1

1278 N

A 24 -

Scanned by CamScanner

/ Ł=

2 2 , IW I/ 1 2 7 8

17 a

=

,

W

{o }湃 2 2 11

U

,

n

th ￠ ı

o

t

z

,

ı

.

lłł* iłı

c

=

dņ

be

Batieacry 11 8)

(E q n

(N

:JX)ı ĮJ

f li

￠ı

r rJł

ff to

n

a n

4 Z

'

+ Z2

ļ

p

M

ĴĹ 6

.

4 6 az

8

P it c h d ia

13

F

P

te

d is t a

tr e

cen

4 o 53

-

t

r ı o

s

p

15 8 75 n ce

r o c læ

w

4 89 63

m

it h th a t

o

.

n ı

b ta in

e

d fo

r

a

fla t b e lt 11 1)

(E q n

ta

r e , r e te r to P r o b le m 11 1 p ro ce dtı 1 ı D e = ig n a jo 1 ım a l b e a r in g fo r a centrifı b le m gaı p ıın p D ia n ıe t e r o f t h e journal is 1 0 e m a n d lo a d n in g a t 1 4 4 0 r p m A ı L /D = 1 ￡ a n d C /D = 0 0 0 1 a o , g iv e n e a c h b e a r in g i￠ 2 0 k N (A p ŕ il 9 8 )

ro

r u n o n

o r

.

L

D

2

习k

3

ıııe

27

4 o sa

×

×

C o n ıp a r e t in p r o b ı en ı 7

63

.

-

d ă t ıæ łĵ ı8

»

2 7 + 67 2

1 1 o lin k s

-

ber)

n m

ı3

1 10

.

2

4

dń v e

e ven

P Tı

e .

+

108 3 6

°

B

10 0

=

a r in

g p r 创晒 u

in g ZN

e a r

：戸

=

1ıi a V

4

T5 C

x.

c

,

&

om

h

iıup o

-

尸

re

×

15 D

=

a r a c

28 44

ııc o ıit y

'

L

n am

te

1o

f th e

Ħg 8 2 6 ,

一

ißtic

6

2 81 4

1 5

万歹

一

r

=

fo r ×

o w e

10

×

150

10 0

150

=

女万万百

n u n ıb e r

r

j

c e ııt a l 6 ,

Z

=

m

m

一

1 i5 i5 爿 / n u n

=

1 33

×

6

īu Ļ

A

pu

10

m

p

11

+

0 02 62 7 k g/

2

N /m ,

1 Ł

ť,l*

4

ð

54 $ iT

ttv

ď

/Ħ ,(Table =

iŁ A M u m in g a n a v e r a g e t e m p e r a h ic h h a s Z ・ 0 0 2 3 P a c h o o ee S A E 40 w

￡ 8 2)

J

o ųs

f

o

il

a s

G W ni s )

A -25

Scanned by CamScanner

U s in g M

6

c

k

'

q

e e ß e

ïţ

I

H

L

7

t gen

e a

te d H

e ra

=

0 0 10 12

=

1526 W

a sc

h

H

ea

A

'

e g

B

14 4 0

tw ı

=

g

2 0,000

t io

u a

360 ° b

e a r

w a

忱s H d

=

7tD

-

1o ×

=

7 54

s u r fa

g

K

T

8 su

(2 2

H

d < <

ċ e te m p e r a t u t

tb

-

(A T

+

'

5

+

Z

1

N

g

2

m

1

n

A

io

e

b C

/W

e

d) 5 2 5 °C

-

2 2 5 °C

-

c o n s tr u c

in g h e a N

a ssu m

n

tila te d b e a r in g

w e ll v e n

d

t io

90 12 W

=

sa

t is fa c to r y

9 0 12

a

flo w

t e n ıp e M

=

te d , p r e

era

fe e d in g

ss u re

c

ra ra

h

1 7 10

x

x

u e

r is e

×

1 4 8 d

tıt io n

n ıin

irııu

2

26

×

-

s

p e c ió c h e

in

o

o

f t h e lu b r ic a n t is

×

o

iı(6 °C

f

o

il (1 7 1 0 J / k g

a ssu m

e

°

C)

d)

Įi

t h ic k n

film

m

t

a

6

in g S o e r f e l d

m

fıo

e ss

ıb e r

n m

=

2 5 lu ?ı - 2 5

×

0 00 1

ı

×

1o-

6

n ı

6

10

0 5

-

0 0001 =

C

0 0 0 1,

T a b le 8 1 , fo r 2 1ıo / C

Fbom

te

l)

(C / D

.

t

o

ıııa s s

=

d

0

=

s su m

Z

3

P Į Ĺ

-

-

30

8 国国

o 15

ff th e h e a t g e n

o

H

g

A ı t e Jn ıa t e T r ia ı 1

.

m

18)

ı ı

1526

2

/s

m

K

tb

re

52 5

=

a

o 2 7 3 °C

-

x

1

(1 4 4 0 / 6 0 1 0 0 0

g g e s te d

H

į

×

0 273

c a r ry

o

10 0

h ıg

a n

d

'

il t e 】n p e r a h l r e to - 7 5 C ° d in g a ir t e m p e r a tu r e ta - 3 0 C (ä s s lım

AT

=

N / 10 00

=

o

rro u n

H

0 0 10 12

=

°

ge

e a r in

r

fo

n

V 7 54

×

0 0 02

(1 0 0 0 ) +

X

6

t d is s ip a te d in

v er a

Su

q

e

×

10

×

lc u la te P

ca

n

×

1 33 6

t io

u a

-

-

0 5

0 1 an

d L /D

=

0 0 00 1

-

«o

)

】 ıı

,

S ・ 0 0 5 0 7 5 (b y in te r p o la t io n ) F o r tł ıis v a lu e o f S , pD / C - 1 36 ie

,

p

=

1 36

×

0 001

=

l 36

×

loT

3

È' ř

Z

=

2 8 12

×

10

3

k g / ıııs

Scanned by CamScanner

E m

is v w y s m iıı Ħig 8 2 6

,

ll

a

a ııd

th e

is

r e

SA E

n o

o

iı w ith

t h is

1ń a c o a

ity

a

t

T t ia ı2 ť ho

1

)s ı

e

m

FB

be 4

Jo ı

S

r

S

F ig

8 2 6 , fo r

10

re

kg/

q u ir

m

10

×

S

,

0 24

.

(ł

144 0/ 6 0

×

7 5 °C

-

2

(1 0 0 0 )

X

6

o o

d Z

a n

A t ￠o

t

e n

.

.

=

s

to e m

L /D

0 24

Z

:

=

d L /D

a n

1 33

×

・

0 9

-

O 24

,

13 3

o u r

0 9

-

0 000 ı

t in g

or

6

4 S X 10

å

-

m e e

F

×

=

Z S

2

4 5p m

T a b le 8 1 , fo

lıı

S

-

=,

C X

lı{t

d

a n

P

=

7 5 °C

-

P

13 3

.

,

a

s

SA E

20 h

T

b le 8 1 ,

360° f o m

a

fin d S A E

w e

,

Z

a s

-

12 P

a

20

to

s

C

D C N し P C A tn '

二二二二卫

ıs

P

o m

&

(3 )

19 9

。

(1 ), ￥L = 4 8

H

t ge

e a

A

s

n e r a

H

d <

W

/,

H

0 00 1

×

ûe d H

a r

p

pW V

=

g

4 B

=

t ilic ia l

co o

×

3

10

_

4 8

=

724

lh ıg

×

w a

×

2 0 ,0 0 0

×

7 54

t ts

p

o r

3

10

fe

re s s u r e

e

d in g

o

f lu b r ic

a ııt

is

s t e d 4q r

q

27 27

-

?

(3 ), i

e

,

M o

In le t O

u

O l ×

0 000 1

×

10

6

3

/

(1 4 4 0 / 6 0 ) × 0 1 5

19 9 ,

-

0

-

v o

s

142

P C & fo

p

m

×

×

10

4

M o

x

-

1 33

×

10

19

.

pc

'

.

142

×

10

4

N /

2

n ı

°

C

18 6 4 C

=

-

pe

ra

t le t o il t e n ıp e

t tir e

ra

tu

tl r e

-

l2

lo -

.

-

t 1 + A to

=

Į8 -

65 68

+

6 5 6 8 °C

18 64

-

,

8 4 3 2 °C

Scanned by CamScanner

W

s\ıitabłp

h e a t ge

d

0 4

-

.

'

A

D

FS

d ia

q

=

'

s

n e

a

o

f th

F in d th

ĺ N /c 18o ı

-

a

=

=

(3 0

lo

a

a

s

a

e

ro

pe

d ia

e

ı

n ı

1 5)× 1 5

+

T

a

b le

a v a

d

n »p e

a

w e

ııım

T b is

ıı

W in

&

e

n

)

d

-

3 0 (g iŢ e

=

n n i ıı

0 4

=

_

u

m

W

e

30

=

38

m

e

×

l

t io ııa

×

d ia

d

e t

=

r

s e c

ig lıt

e

o

,

fo

r

h

a s

rope

6

u se

gr

D

lo

iııg

o

53 2

? .

te r

ir e

e

ť 9G)

d a iı

37

pe

h o o k )× P S

a

b re

th e

a

boo

ta

×

ro

3 7,

c o r r e s

k in g lo

e

p

o n

o o s e

d in g t o

d g r e a te

a

h

c

w

th

r

a rı

o łııiııa

o

5 17 6

d»

=

f

o

ro

ın ın

f th

ro

e

ı0

=

p

e

f t lıe

W

532 N

.

=

-

g th

o

f

Z n ı

1 14 0

=

pe

-

m

0 4d

m

￠

Ė im

)

ı

a

d / (1 5

o

s tr e n

1 7 5 0 to 1 9 0 0 N l m

-

a

l b r e a k in g kN r o

798

3 1» × 3 8

a r E ia

le n g th

ıe

×

w

a

f lo a d

×

6

p

o u

»

=

S a f { 1 N

(i = 6

te

1ıs

th d is lifte d w i P S = 6, e o f th e r o p »e ro ı th e o f t io n e

5 32

s ie c

ro e s

n ıe

f 30 k N

d

38

C

Th

tı ıe

in

iı a b le

fo r

&

o

67 5 kN

-

r

38

-

tw

=

N

D

d

a

c ı\ D s s

,

d lw ) × F S

ie a t io * ı is fo p pı

1 9 o o N / ııu

-

d to

e ııı) h ı t lıe p r o b ı

e n

T o ta ıı,o

f t lıe

o

ı7 5 o

D

ce

ı5 (iııit ia lly )

=

t lıe

ı

th e d e s ig n

&

du

kg /m s a t ïe d is s ip a te t ł

(O

6 (g iv

lo a d

te r

ıııe

%

,

FS

tlıe

n

d ia ï

e

te r

lo

ie

c a r r

c r a i ıe

p

o

f ım

o

l

=

e

ig n

X

o

3

10

×

f ro p e )

o

ss um

es

=

'

e s ir e d

ı D

n

n n na

ld i»

×

th

e s

t io

ra

8o kN

=

.

le

rk sh

n n

is s (» t im

rw u n

a ï ı a c c e

B

A

ıx

m

12

Z

d

n e r a te

b le

ro

ó n d th s

e

T 5 e c is

P

S A E 2 0 h a v in g t th e lu b r ic a ııt in g is in tr ffic ia ıc o o ł r o v id e d a r t

W

ro

pe

e ig

M

a s

p

10 er

1 7

=

o

o

f

w

m

m

ir

es

-

6

×

37

-

2 22 )

m

tm

it

n ıe ł z re

(fin a n

ta b le

)× 1 0

0 5 3 2

Scanned by CamScanner

n

.

V

io

a r

lo

m

a

d

a

D ir e c t lo a d

B

Æ,

=

D tu / D

W

b

A

c c e le r a

119 3

=

E EEe c t iv W

W

8

o r k in

×

tio n

e

W

=

..

W

d +

g (a c t u

in

a

.

T h is F S i8 t h e p r o b le m

8 0 ,0 0 0

.

th e

W

b +

=

1 7 / 1 14 0

.

+

×

6 8 ,9 1 0 N

.

lo a d w

on

0 68 2

46

-

,

46 6a2 kN

? bA

=

5 77 6

W

+

-

in

m

lo a d

7 9 8/ 1 19

=

W

=

d in g lo a d W ò

en

?b

Nd

.

( )

«

4 6 kN

.

z

\

-

(a

1

.

a

1

m

2

/ı )

pe ,

-

45 53

r

o

D fa c to

m

68 9 1 kN

-

-

ro

1 1 9 ßN / m

f

68 91

+

B

fe ty

ea

4 6

+

re a

-

-

1 19 k N

k in g lo a d

田园

6 7 aa

t is fa

c to r y

be c a u

,

th e d e s ir e d

se

v a lu e

iı 6 ,

a ı

g iv

en

W h e n c h e c k e d w ith T a b le 1 8 4 fo r e x t r e m e a it u a t io n i e fo r c la l ı , , i l th e r e q u ir e d F 8 ie 6 T h ia i8 in a g r e e m e n t r 4 a p p c a t io n , fo r c , w it h th e v a lu e g iv e n in t h e p r o b le m

N

o

P

ro

te

b le

13

T h e le a d d ia n ıe t e r

A c m e th r e a d ı o t 6 0 It d r h re ı t h e t o o lı i d a n a t r a l p r e ıın r e o f 2 6 0 0 N A c o u a r b e a r in g e x e r a c a r r ia g e a n d i a m e t e r ıo c m d h ı» id e d ia ın e t e r 6 c ııı fı o u t a id e m w it h M t h e 如旧 以 ・c r e w r o t a t e a a t 8 0 ￠e n p th e t p r 《》v id e d t o t a ı d f i d h t e c l w i e c a n n t ı o e r r e q u ir e d t o d r iv e t h e ・c r e w e n r p ın y p T a k e c o e tlic ie n t o f in ic t io n fo r s c r e w t h r e a d = a ı 0 1 6 a n d to r (A p r il' 9 9 ) a = 0 12 c o llm m

o u

n ım

t a id

e

ßc r e w

d

a n

t

o

la t h e h a p it c h

a

ıo

m

ı

m

.

.

T

o r

q

C

u e

Tr

=

a

W

ıe u l« tio

g2 t

n

d ı po

Æ

◆

ir

p

-

d

=

p itc lı= ı O ııe te r m e a n d ia ı

=

m a io r

=

60

\

e ın e n

46

=

m

心口島

rr

d

14 2 )

m

=

= ー

島

t

p itc h / 2

d i t a r

ı0 / 2

P

P ―

n

2

心0 1

14 5 0

0 154 9 !

◆1 = 8 名

°

0 16

=

―

q

r

(E q n

)+ pr

a ī ı( 1 + a

tţ a n

w e r

=

14 6 ° ? 10 囂×

Ju u

a u e

=

th

pe a d

4°

4ó

昏 骊ぴ?嚇

Scanned by CamScanner

ım

￠

4

ıl

W

Ť,

ı n te l d l￠ ı \w Ĥ ł

Ţ

#

aao o

=

2 4 0a o N

X

a

e r

ı tl￠ lo in

.

n o

24 08 N ,

? ￠. i ı

.

2

eo

llĦf

( 1 0 0 + ßo y z

*

260 0 N

-

00

x

*

76 加加

70

x

"

m n ı・

・

an

ł0 j 2 4 ı(e Ħ ł ) × te ł

y

pow

l ltatl

Ĥ x ln

=

f

ı }

ær

m

4 , a )￠a n eo

￥

.

. 7

lu l ı

0, w

y

陇

2 6 0 0

w

2

24080

n x

2 4 ) r o t a t in g m ŁÕÚ r p m h a v in g n ( p r o b t・m 1 4 1 A p o u lı t h a t o f t h e ıo t io n rı (1 o r It ı d ı ・r a t io n h a ı t h o p o ıit iv e a o o a ı f I O m m In 4 0 d e ￠r e e ı o f o f lt ı r fı・ o a n t) p l m o ı o d a l i t ı ı e v o p p ・t th e e n d i n v a lm ty a n d * o o e le r a t o F lï ıd t h ・ v ・lo o ł o m r o t ・t io n ° (O o t e 7 ) r o t a t io n ım o r o ı o f 80 0 × 2 n / 60 = ó 2 8 r a d/ ・ A 1W u la r v e lo c ity o f c a n ı - (o - 6 698 ra d ° C a m r o t ・tio n = 4 0 . 4 0 x rr/ 1 8 0 - 0 i ıim p b p o ly m m a l c u r v e iı o f a u a tio n d i la c ・m ・n t ıla n o tı

l

o a m

・

.

T h・

O 尋朴

y

阳

w

hw

or

q

ıp

・ n

C

llū ı y

=

p o p u la r

be r

a m

ow

a C e

-

4 ,

y

n

,

po w

b ic m ı

Z

=

At e

2 4

10

-

C (0 6 9 8 )

u a

t

ı: ıt r a

= or

C

,

ig h t lim t

c o n ıt a n

0 Be8

-

' 4

ra -

dp y

j« h 10

=

,

n

n

1

-

=

p a r a b o lic

a

u ıı ı ı

23 7

t io n iı

a (2 3 7 ) e

-

c o n ıt a n

=

th e b a ıie q

,

・

.

In th iı p r o b le ııı, y

d C

ith in w

￠u r v e ı w

t ・o o «山ır a tio n

a n

N

a n

4

U iı iłı n ın ı) D ilı e n

Put e

(ı), d y / d t - 2 3 7

t ia t in g

n

3 0 °,

=

V e lo c ity

dr/d t =

14 4 3 8

=

23 7

da / d put e d ay / a w

=

.

23 7

2 4

e

×

2 4

(8 0

×

x tt l

e 'A

x ￠ o

"

18 0 )

x

6 28

m ın la

Difentiating (2 ) a g a in a

×

×

,

o 4

×

2 4

×

14

×

×

2 4

×

ı4

× (S O x «

x a

(3 )

?

soe -

23 7

A e r a t i o ıı

-

2 48 4

m m

/a

1 / ı8 0 ) 4

x

ó 28

?

'

Scanned by CamScanner

目h o

N

ft

P

o

o

te

ly n

ı

l◆ e ra l

o ln

T he ge n

m e

o

qu

t io n a

t io

e u rv e ı ıa ı

f

rugged

b y s to d d ia

ly n

a r

t

o m ia l c u r v e lł t C l e + c e2 + c oa + en + č 2 a A P l» ly in g th ・ b o u n d a r y c o n d iţ io n e th e c o n ß u a te d a n d a re e v a ı t h * d i・p la c e in ・n t e q u a t io n iı o b t i a n ed In a 2 3 p o ly n o ın ia l ca m in th e d ißp la c e m e n t e q u a tio n (a fte r i i t t t f u n b « o r c o n Ħt a n t a ) o l tm g n y 2 n d a n d 3 r d o r d e r t e r n ıs w iiì b e , prese n t S im ilta r ly in a 3 4 5 p o ly n o m ia l c a m t i t h e d ie p la c e m e n e q u a t io n , n , o n ly ßr d , 4 th a n d Ďth o r d e r te r m e w ill b e p r e s e n t C o n ıid e r a 3 4 5 E x a m p le T h e d is p la c e m e n t p o ly n o m ia l c a m e q u a t io n iı

y

=

C

rı o

a

po

o +

ts

,

S u b s t itu tin g th e b o u it a d e r iv a t iv e s a n d a n d c o n e t a n t 吕 a r e e v a lu a t e d C

N

ow

,

O

n

d a r y c o n d itio n s in t h e d is p la c e m e n t e q u a tio n oo ı v in g th e e q u a tio n s s in ıu lt a n e o u s ly , t h e '

=

e

0

=

C

2

=

4 C a - 1 0 1ı/ pa 041 6 1ı/ p t h e d is p la c e m e n t e q u a t io n i8

p It

C 1

0

h o u ld b e

n o

p

.

te d t h a t ,

"

on

0

C

õ

-

p

6W

6

P

・

ly t h e 3 r d , 4 t h

a n

d 5 th

o r

d e r te r m

s

a re

pre e e n t

Scanned by CamScanner

P robı e ın ı5 D e s ig n d » ıa m ic lo a d a n d w

he s

a

t t»

t a t ic

tr e

s

S in

if

*e d

e a

te

s

ss

ı I«r d

X

C

,

A

a se e

l

lc

u

te a

200 N /

a

b d

p in

io n

{

ı+

rp s m

=

experi

z

=

l

H t c h lin

q

=

20

×

a n

1 0 {2 0

-

500

×

10

e re

fe ı ıd

,

Z22

0 3

=

ı o c it y

s ııit a

W

ı

=

(a s s

a

-

m

w e

ı= fe o ł \

8 0 2

+

m

oa

fo

e

n ıa

y

s

ıo

×

b le m (M U

a

id e

N / ııu

ı ı

t io

a n

ı*

d

r ia l fo r gear «k ť 9 Ą s i m ıits

.

g iv

re

â

r a

te

en

b o tlı p in io n

r

2 00

m

a

m

=

10

z

=

20

ı

=

« x

60

×

bo

pe

-

1000

,

it is

a n

eı lo

d gea '

)

q gh

»

w e

to

be 8 0o N / m

ı

2

m

m

i = 6 0 0 / 150 z

o 3

2

2 00

60

×

=

ız

=

4

×

-

0

e

n

v e

×

20

4

80

=

d)

e

6 00

10 0 0

=

ı

(a s s ıır

.

p it c h lin

2oo

ı aJ

a s s u nı ıe

50 0

-

y

-

=

6 28

-

600

ı

ın

/s

r p ııı

lo c ity

a a ņ \ a ın e

d

t r ic a l s

k

o H

￠

t

c o n s

d 【 U ,]

150

=

dr

e

a

ıa o f te e tı

ber ı

a n

lo

m

2

a s

"

IS q u a lity 8 is * d = 1 4 fo r tlıe ł ・ 1 2 2 fo r

fr o

)

ıı

,

f B

o

ıe s s ıu ı

n u n

v e

» 90 k w

a n sm

te r ia l t o b e

a

2

m

oïı o u r

n ız

=

m

ı a *e b

-

l

d

th e

Đ

a r

u e w aı

iııg

a v

th e

c e

=

B s

ıh

tr

to

ıııo d u le a ııd th e c h e c k tı ıe iııd u c e d s

w e

r

e a r

f 800 N /a

o

d e s ig ı]

fo

e

ge

sp M

a

r ig

\

id

t

2 tr x 6 0 0 = =

ı× 1 0

=

ó

×

×

l 4

ıo

s

×

M

ı 4

×

1 4 38 4

×

ıO P N i n

an

iď

m

Scanned by CamScanner

S

.

In d u ◆b

d

c e

ıt r e ııe ı

W

-

y

(4

.

46 6

500

×

10

×

16 0

10 3

×

×

o 3 8 Ðfo

=

4 1 g N / m n ı2

=

O 3 89

20 t t h

r

[O b ] 2 0 0 N -

.

c

/ tn n ız

0 74

=

Y

500

4 72 5 N /

=

[O , ]

<

T h e d e e ig n

×

150

×

2

×

10

E

.

6

244 6 5

×

2

10

×

6

10

×

N /m

a

2

m

2

m m

800 N /m

=

4

2

m

i8

a a t ie fa c to r y b l 1 6 A m o t o r a h a ft r t r o e m o a t iııg a t ı 6 o o r p n ı h a ı t o t r a n n n it ı6 k w t o a lo w e p e e d s h a ft w it h a a p e e d r e d u c t io n o t a ı T ı ıe t e e t h a r e 2 0 ・ in v o lu t e w it h 2 6 t e e t h o n t h e p in io n B o th t h ・ p in io n a n d g e a r a r e ın a d e o f a t e e l w it h a m a x in ıu n ı a a te « r e ı* o t 2 00 N / 2 A ßa fe s tr e a a o t 4 o N / m ın 2 to r t h e m a y b e ta k e n h f t a o n s w h ic h t h e g e a r iı n ıo r ın t e d a n d b r t h e k e y D e a fg n a a p 1ır g e a r d r iv e t o m u tit t h e a b o v e e o n d it io n ı A ın ım e ıt a r t h w t o r q u e t o b e 2 5 % M g h e r t h a n t h e n ın n in to r u e

P

.

.

g

1

2

[o b ]

=

200 N /

m a ıı

[o c ]

=

800 N /

m

n

q

(g iv e n )

2

(a 8 8 u

m

d fo r a l )

e

in g t o r q u

M

t]

=

(It t

kk.

ko

x

fe o

=

1

kkd

=

1 5 (a

to r q u e

,

aat

-

=

-

l

×

1 6

×

96 6

E

=

m o

d ifie d

1 2 5)

15 p in io n

is

e

×

1 04

2

i= 3

×

×

×

2n 95 6

1 25

10i N

=

104

g in g p in io n )

60

×

15 o o

×

10

a

o v er ha n

in g

x

1 79

=

X

N

lų

m 】ı ı

10 3 N

n ım

(e ıe iım

e

×

2

/ ım

V

ın ßa tı

ıı

0 3

d)

A -3 3

Scanned by CamScanner

129 6 8

M

.

o

d

u

】 oa m

ı e 2

2a m

=

(2 5

+ z2

R

e v

J

ie e

d

a n

a

a

-

(z

b

.

V ł= 0 3

=

z

dl

1td U

/2

×

25

=

(2 5

=

150

×

3

ln l

75

=

=

60

IS q u a lity 8 g e a r s kd = 1 4

1 3 2 fo

=

2

25

=

iz

l

3

=

×

25

=

75

d

Vp

r

×

150 0

to b e

0 6 , fo r

=

iße [M

t

]

n u n

/

m

s

d

u se

0 6

=

75

l

e v

15 0

=

5 9

10 0 0

×

45

=

R

fb , fe d

n ı

m

a re

b =

k

2

=

m

m

75

þ

7 5) 3 / 2

+

45

=

1r x

60 × 1 0 0 o

=

b t a in b , d

o

, + 2 2) m

l M

l

3 (s ta n d a r d )

=

.

75)

+

z

2 59

=

4

12 9 6

×

w

e r fı a n

g ın g p in io

n

[M ￠] = k o k k d O t r X 1 2 6 ) 3 且 日 为

ı 八

=

6

.

C he

e

o b

22 1

10

×

k in d 1 ıc e d =

3

N

び口 ひ x

且リ

ı n m

ıt r e a

e =

y +

160

1 )× 22 1 ×

3

46

×

10 4 N / m

ı 王马

X

\ (3

=

ı 吆 ス

八

×

×

2

la ı <

10

0 4 2 0 fo

=

r

2 5 te e tı ı

3

0 42 0

[r b】= 2 0 0 N

2

/ ım

ı

S a t is fa c to r y

=

-

0 T4 7 14

(8

+

1)

15 o

N / tm

J @

+

1)

Ma××2×10

2

ı <

= 【 o e】 8 00 N

6

×

2 21

×

ı0

/

Satie*ory

Scanned by CamScanner 加鹰

聞

唿秽 國

婊

聞

泣

3ケ

ß

妞

夕と

ß D * ııl* n

f

o

.

a

h a ft

d ke y

an

h a n g ln R ) fo r tit e ge a r a re ı e n c u la l io n c a n n ot b* d o n ・ a rı d n ve r

k ııo w

lıo

w

th

n

p in lo

e

rı r o

ta te

.

e

a

h a ft

th e , bo d e ai m

ow n

caħ

b e n d in s m o m e d o n ly fo r to r

n

2 a ßK W

te

kn

hot

th e

th

a n

p ln io n In t o c o C /

t

y

d lt a fa

c e

a

id t h il 1 4 t iın

w

d th e g e a r f ro m t lıe s id e r a t io n t h e e ff e c t

t 3oo

a

r

th e m

e a

nı

o

du

The

v e

ie

e

D

lo

te

c

it y

rm

in

r a

qu

t io

t

e

iß

(i) t h e

e

a n

n

id e r

on a =

=

(

z

l +

3

f dyn (M U

o

2 ) ı? ı/ 2

o n ss e

e tr e B S

[? b ]

ta n d p

a

ly t h e in io p n

on

0 3 4 2 6 fo

D e s im b e n d in g s t r e

z

r z l

l

in t o f s t r e n th o ııl t k i g n g y, a a ın io lo a d in g , O o t 8 9 , w it h n ıo d ilic a t io n e ) o

.

M

a ×1 0 a n » x

X

x

m

8

]= k o k k d M

￠

e

m

m

14

×

14

(

s

0 3425

x

m

d,

=

z

l m

=

15

×

8

-

120

】 JM

dż

=

z

2 m

=

45

×

8

-

360

m m

8

-

M

1 12

t

kk d

[Ært]

ta n d a r d )

-

ıï ı =

,

,

22 5 -

×

2n

=

716 2

=

1 6

10

3

×

x

300

×

10

3

H

60

m

ta c t

10

x

N

e n ce

co n

3

m

(a la r g e v a lu e i8 a s s u m e d fo r s a fe ty a n d fo r th e s im p lic it y o f d e s ig n )

b

14

d e r c u t)

u n

fr o m th e s t a n d p o in t o f e tr e n g th , ie a s k e d q u a tio n i8 u s e d a n d th e r e i8 n o n e e d to c h e c k t h e ' t】 uı

30

ld b e

ly

=

-

w ou

15

-

ko

120

(to o th

16

=

P in io n to r q u

S

p

e n

=

1 6

-

1 14 6

×

71 6 2 *

10

3

×

N

10

3

n m

n ım 1

ic a l g e a r s t o t r a n s ın it 6 0 k w t o o f h e ı i ń t h p in i o n c o n n e c t e d t o m o t o r 5 1 f 2 n o r e e ffe c t a s p e e 1 1 ıe t e e t h o f g e a r s a r e o f ń ıll d e p t h 2 0 ° ?m r o t a t in g a t ı4 4 0 r 】 P e r ip ll e r a l p it c h lin e v e lo c it y l ı p r e a s rır e a ııg le to t h e n o r m a p a n e i t A ßß1m e g e a r a n d p in io n n ıa y b e liın it e d t o 6 0 0 n ıe t r e s p e r ın n u e ıh a v in g u ltiın a t e t e n s ile s tr e n g th t a r e t o b e m a d e o f fo r g e d s e e

P

ro

b le

n ı

18

D d

e s

ig n a d u c t io

se

t

.

o

f 600 N / a

T he

p iııio

n

is

p

r o

p

e r

ly h

e a

Ė tr e

a

te d

to

o

b t a in

6

Scanned by CamScanner

h

d

a r

te

n e eo

t h in

e

1 A

p

s s u n ıin

ll o w

fa c to

g

a

e v e r,

y be

m Ĥ

r

N o f 24o B H iı\ io n = 1 6

11ì e

u se

3

N

m

th e

u su a

fa c t o

e

a ta n

d

k ti (M

k

U

a rd

o

tr ľ

t '0 8

n u n ıb eņ o S I , U n ih

d e a ig ıı p r a

ig n

l

b ta in

o

,

ge

d

a n

O

t )

i

et c ı

to r q u

e

)

iR C 4 0 (D

a

ta B o o k )

r e «

ee w

io e

S e r v ic e fh c to r )

x

,

d

f 2

r o

(M

.

i s te e l h a v n g

c n rbo n

e d iu

m

ic

se rv

e

a ßu m

a n y to r i8 n o t in s e i v ic e ra\ c to ıq u o (to ıo d ify t h e to ıı

T a k e [M ,] = k o 2

A

.

( f..

z

60 0 N / m

-

n ı

fo llu w e d c m l be l d e s ig n p ıo c e d u r e t r a n e n ıit 7 6 k w at io a l g e a r t o ıe ı D e g ig ıı a ı ı9 p w »b le m e d u c t io n S e e d r a i n t i o a p a li 3 o i o t o t h e fo u o w in g a p e 14 o o r p m fa c e c o n ıp r e a s iv aw i D e e 0 m 1 " l e ix a n g e H eı p r e s s u r e a n g le 2 o 2 / N M 0 ı n ı d 1 n o 2 l u u a of l D e a ig n b e n d in g s t r e s s s tr e s s 9 o a N / m m z ' 5 (n & U , O c t a 7 , S I u n itı) 2 o 6 × 1 0 N / ıır m e la s t ic it y o f ın a t e r ia ls r e e d il b l n o t be ] a n d [o ,ľ ] a r e r e a d ily a v a a e H in t D e s ig n s tr e s s e s , 【 LČ b b ow

,

.

°

,

Č ÐU

u s iı rg

lc u la t e d h a rdn e s s ,

e

P

2o

ca

O

life

J

V

}

m

,

a

te r ia l

fa c to r

p r o p e r t ie s ,

tr e n g t h

s

o

f

s a fe ty

,

tc

d r iv e w iiı a p e e á o r g le D e v e i g e a r h ft - 1 6 0 r p n ı = 5 0 0 r p ın a n d t h a t o t t h e g e a r ß a s h a ft ith n ıo d u le o f il f w e is t o h a v e 2 o t e e th o f in v o lu te p r o D iß t o b e o f e 1ıit a b le a n d 2 0 ın n ı a ııd a p r e s s 1ır e a n g le o f 2 0 G e a r is o f fo r g e d s t e e l h a v in g a llo w a b le s t r e a e o f n ıa t e r ia l a = 2 e ße r v ic e fa c t o p 1 6 0 N / n ın ı K W a t g e a r s h a f t = 6 6 A ßs m e w U , A p r il 9 8 , S I u n it a ) b le p irıio n P in io n r o

n ı

D

e a ig ıı a

r

ig h t

a n

,

1

M ￠】 k o k k d 【

2

[Đ b ] is g iv

W

=

en

a n

×

d [c iJ

S e r v ic e fa c to r ) 7o o N / m

=

S in c e t h e m o d u le a n d t h e n u in d u c e d s t r e s s e s is to b e c a r r ie d 3

th e

m

n ıb e r o u

2

m o

a

y be

f te e th

a ssu m a re

kn

e

d fo r

ow n

,

s te e l

c h e c k in

g

t

P r o b le n ı 2 1 D e ßig n a s p u R g e a r p a ir t o b e u s e d in a s u g a r c a n e T h e c e n t r e d 如此a n o e e h a 《s c n ıs h in g ın ill T h e g e a r s o v e r h a n g o n b e tw e e n t ı ıe g e a r s is 2 4 ın S p e e d o f t h e d r iv e r i8 4 2 r p n ı a iıd ı T h e n u ın b e r o f t e e t h o n tı i a t o f t h e d r iv e n is 6 r p ıı p in io n ie 2 0 L ife d e s ir e d ie 2 6 0 0 0 h o u r s P o w e r t o b e t r a n s m itt e d i8 3 0 0 k w T h e g e a r b la n k s a r e c a s t in t h e fo r ın o f w h e e l w it h h u b , a r n ıe T h e p in io n m a t e r ia l is c a s t in g C S 8 6 a n d th e w h e e l r iın a n d M ie r r o u g h c u t t in g t h e t e e th e t r e s s r e lie v in g n ıa t e r ia l ie C S 7 1 , h is d o n e t o t e g e a r s .

.

ı M

te

a

r

ia ı

P in io n

C S 8 6,

o

W heel

C S 71,

0

th

e n

s in

ce

th e

w

L ife

=

.

.

8 60 N / m

-

-

710 N /m

m m

d iffe r e n t m a te r ia ls h e e l is c h e c k e d

26 000 h rs, N

.

250 00

2 ,

2 ,

o

f

y

y

.

-

710 N / m

570 N /

a re u se

×

60

×

m

n u n

2 ,

2 ,

H

ar

dn

e Bs

-

24 8 B H N

H

ar

dn

ess

-

207 B H N

d , th e p in io n is d e s ig n e d fir s t,

42

.

an

d

6 3 × 1 0 7 c y c le s

A 召6

Scanned by CamScanner

3

D

e p

ig

n

[? b ]

4

M

d

o

e

24 00 m

5

C

a

O

T

(2 0

14 0 )m

+

=

z

2

20,

=

l

a

d r iv z

24 00

=

m

e r

sp e e

e n

2

e e

i2 1

=

d d =

42 .

7

la t i o V 0 2

-

n

24 00

×

k

20

=

Kd

×

30

60 0

-

1 32

m

/

-

] 0 2

-

m

m

o v e r

ı o c it y

g in g g e

n

ln l

1c x °

-

1 3 5 (I S q u

d

ha

60 a

×

1000

)

a r s

600

×

42 -

60

×

10 00

k in g i+ 1 =

a m

(7

by +

2400

-

t

-

ko

M t]

y

1)× 13 3 52 ×

30

79 5 N / m

× m

480 2

<

S

lit y 8 )

=

O 'b

14 0

0 8

-

(fo r

e v e

,

M

e c

=

n u n

300

C h

20

×

a n ĵa】

N

P itc h lin

V

s s ln ııe

480

1 45

-

d [M

ı a n

=

4 80/ 600

-

1,

f b,d

o

A

z l m

=

b/ d

6

7

.

6

30

u

l

d r iv

i=

2

=

d

1 + 3 2)

=

lc

1

le

u

=

b

e s s e a

=

(3 o

tr

× ×

10

=

=

×

2n 68 21 1

(a

10 x

×

ssu m

3

60

×

A

42 10 e

6

N

m

IU

JN Æ M

m

d)

0 389

6

0 389

[c íb ] = 1 8 3 6 N / m

m

2

S a t is fa c t o r y

入蜀

Scanned by CamScanner

o

a n

7

o 74

=

c

￥

0

=

0 74

=

63 7 N /

×

×

2

m m

e s

ig n

N

tr e

s

heel

w

?

1

K

r

fo

s se s

N

-

0 2 2 (o r.

+ O

=

1 5

=

"

n

h

w

r

6 3

-

e e ×

l

n ıa

7

=

heel -

[c iJ w

C

he e l -

B

e n

k fo

d

2

Ó

th e

p e r m is s ib le

v a

h re

0 9

=

×

10

7

C y c le s

0 2 2 (7 1 0 + 6 7 0 ) + 5 0

331 6 N /m

=

m

2

×

ı ıB

×

207

K

c

×

156 6 N / m

-

1 5

K

l

cl

h

w

e e

m

ī =

207 2 5

-

B

-

=

H B

1 0 177

2

m

2

l

e b s e s

d in g r e s s

79 5

ta ?

c

t

c

2

C 'b 2

-

0 389

×

? b2

o n

r

tr

s

C ib l 7 1

C

tn

1

52 6 7 N /m

=

t ıc e

N /m

t e r ia l

C

h d

10

×

5

cr

B

2 5

=

e c

133 52

10

2

?

K

n

2

C h

×

×

1 4 K bl

[C ib ]w

8

6

lly g r e a te r th a n

10 / 7

)+ 5 0

y

a

10

×

2 1

=

m

=

-

p in io n

2 l

[c r, ] 6 2 0 N / m

>

In d u c e d s tr e s s is m a r g in d th is m a y b e to le r a te d D

E

T a ke

-

o b2 ×

=

60 2 N /m

<

[O b ]w

tr

e s s

=

?

1

>

[? c ]w

s

S u fñ × 1 fo r in io n p

72

c

=

m

h eel=

63 7 N / m

0 5 13

l2 C ib

2

15 6 6 N / m

iJū

h e e ı- 5 2 6 7

m

2

d

su

Ħix 2 fo r

0 5 1 3 fo r

=

i

an

=

z

79 5 N / m

m

heel

14 0

-

2

w

2

S a tis fa c to r y

2

N /m

m

2

N

o

t S a t is fa c t o ry

A 召8

Scanned by CamScanner

W ł ￠ł

Þ

W

-

»

8

.

ïn d u

e * t ı*

t

nbm

*

tn t h ņ p ı \ ı\o

\

»

8 00

V ı,

\ 48

0

n

\ 3

0 k 0 490 & -

aı

+ ı* N .

/ m m

司

*

a8

v\

<

[q ] - 1 8 8 ßN

*

o 7

=

u

=

.

ļ

į

Į

Ą

IV 7

・

m m

a

<

S a ti* {h ņ to ty

ß[M .)

7

7

M《 N

/m m a

1

+

×

4 80

x

a 1

{q 】 6 a o N h

=

×

ì m

10 m

a

\

10 8 8

￥

ıo

B a d * fħo to 】 ry

A d sl

Scanned by CamScanner

C h e c k fo

4

O bl l l

41 9

Ci

In d u

P

ro

ga 3 s

,

h

tr y 4, 5

n

a

34 2 N /m

<

[C ib lw 5

eı=

1

c

>

[G c lw Th is

6

a

ft is 3 3 0 0 N

J

(

2

m

111

for

C

2

u

co s =

126

2 3

13

co s

3

2 5 84 °

ł ï

o

0 5 16

S a tis fa c t o r y

S 7 1)

2

hee1

is

lig h tly h ig h e r th is m a y b e to le r a te d k in e m a t ic a r r a n g e m e n t o f t h e g e a r b o x o f a e s h o w n in F ig A 1 D e s ig n t h e g e a r p a ir s G e a r s r e h e lic a l g e a r s T o r q u e a v a ila b le a t t h e o u t p u t

s tr e s s

c r a n e

a ııd

N/ m m

54 4 N / m

ż is

0 516

1 56 6 N / m

he el =

26.

2 0q

2

】 n

-

ce d

b le m

C ib 2 ×

-

=

C'

=

c2

8

l2

0 4205

O b2

l

O b2

-

×

ç' c wh e

heel

w

r

s

m

,: "

:

"

: \

F IG

Spe T he

e

d

d T

a n

u ū o to r

Spe e d

o r

f s h a ft 1

-

S e e d o f s h a ft 2

.

S pe e d

-

o

o

f s h a ft 3

T o ıx ł u e t To

n

u e ł

;

a

sha

ţ

Tque t W e Ďį a

s

q

s h a fi

u e spee

C

a

lc

u

.

A

l

la t io

n s

d is 1 7 5 0 tp

n ı

(1 8 / 2 6 ) × 1 7 5 0 8 7 5 m D 4 / 4 5)x 8 7 5 į 2 7 2 2 rp m =

(1 5 / 4 8 ) × 2 7 2 2

-

86

ft 3

.

3300 N

h a ft 2

-

(8 6 / 2 7 2 2 ) × 3 3 0 0

m

rpn ı

Ĺ -

10 3 0 N

m

a h a ft

1 - (2 7 2 2 / 8 7 5 ) × 1 0 3 o . 3 2 o N r a o to r s h a ft . (8 7 6 / 1 7 6 0 × 3 2 o . 16o N )

m

Scanned by CamScanner

M 1

o

\

f h

e

lie

a

Fi is tł ıe

C n r

P in io n

l ge a » « 8 & p in io ıı M

t o łq u e

M

a

te

ť M

ıı »

35

l Łp in io 2 M

n

n

o

10 3 0 N n ı

￠"

t

\

16

a

a n

d

su ľ

,

N く 350 B H c

3

D

e s

h e e l h a v o th ı fa c e h a ľ d o ı ı ed t w

46 R C

u

900

=

.

e

w

m ı ıı

o

y

・

G 0 0 N / m in a

(D

'

O

Iı

\)

I

1 4

×

2 6

1

×

×

435

L ife

1 6

N

e

(i +

&

łı ł ıııu

ı

1)

,

×

10

6

3 2

729 4

×

tł

n

=

1 34

×

Z Ö

=

0 5 (fo r h e lio

×

10

2 1

×

r s

)

10

5

ko

kkd f,

M ×

1 3

×

N /m

m

2

t

aı

l

l ge a

6

=

[A $ ] = k o k k d M

=

a

0 5

E

m

120

4

1

=

ı O

=

8 l

22 9

B o o k)

y

i

a

ta

a

6 0 0 0 lu 8 (a s s u m e d ) 60 00 × 6 0 × 27 2 2 8 1 6 × 1 0 7 c c le s

=

=

v

r «ln e a ı

0 B fi X 9 0 0 + 1 2 0 436 N /m m 2

=

=

ă bČ

U

=

=

a

ha

o Bs e s

1 4 R bı W b]

co ro

a

N

tr

s

d a iı

,

10 3 0

×

t

10

=

1 (a

s su m

1 3

=

103 0 .

d)

(in itia lly )

-

3

e

1 34

× ×

10 10

3

N

m

6

N

m

ın

Scanned by CamScanner

M

rı

空卫 口a s 巨 兰× 2 2 9

一

一

8 (s t a

v i s e a

6

C

.

a

P

6

.

7 02 ° (P = 1 5 )

da rd)

=

260 89

.

Z2(2

l +

m

n

b

0 5

V

-

=

a

s >

p m

=

-

ia

z

f b,d ×

l , kd

il

260 89

48(2

1 5 °)

co e

[M ,]

n e w

m m

97

=

s in

d

a n

13 0 4

=

15°

l .

P

60

n x

1

1000

×

16°

cos

nd "

o r

8 (1 6 +

=

S a t is fa c to r y

a

co 8

=

o

fi

-

1,

P)

co s

ı n m

ı c u ı a t io

F =

(z

-

U

kd

n

一

48

+

a

b

d

15

1 + 32

8

15°

× co s

e

a

12 4 2 3

.

124 2 3

-

bov

60

p it c h

e

×

ı n m

×

2 72 2

1 77

10 0 0

lin

IS

v e lo c ity

e

/s

m

qu

a

lity

is

8

c

ho

se n

an

,

d

1 1

In d u o rb

c e

=

d 0

s tr e s s e s

7 a

bm

0 7

[Aď t]

rar u

=

×

(3 2

260 89

×

+

1) × 1 3 3 8

13 0 4 z

.

c

=

39 5 N /m

<

[c íb ]

=

0 7

=

0 7

=

<

=

+

[? c ]

=

7

u

×

0 366

=

z

.

0 366

l

eo s

3

P

15 / c o

=

s

3

15c

.

17

S a tis fa c to r y

Ë 【 A t E]

(3 2

1)

+

į ĻE Z U 3 2

599 3 N /n

q

8

3

2

162 4 N / 2

(3 2

e

10

n ı

X -

×

×

m

×

×

13 0 4

13 3 8

×

10

3

2

u aı

72 9 4 N / m

m

2

S a tis f a c t o r y

A 42

Scanned by CamScanner

D

e

m

f ı ıd io

o

G ı M .

ņ

ig n

M

a

s

te

a ıs e a r a s & is t h e p in io n

3

e « ı

tr

e s s e s

ia l

r

d is

ııs e

k ïbı =

0

1 4

1

×

2 ó

s a lu e

th

a s

a

t u

1

×

se

d fo

L ife

435

= =

义 1

=

CR

=

23

=

6 0 6 5 N / ıJa n ı2

M O d ıl e ,

(i + 1 )

a

46

×

c e n

×

tr

K

0 686

d is t a

e

t

× 7

10

6

8 75 c y c le s

1

43 5 N /

立 业n

=

2 5

K

ar

2 =

1 5

=

c,

0 5 86

n c e

￥

Ao

W ×

605 5 m

=

×

a i ıd

H R C

2 1

176 6

6

a rs

=

n

[a rJ

ge

50 00 hrs 6000 × 60 i

2

n u u

r

26 25

=

1 6

×

162 4 N /

=

4

10

5

3 2

×

4 16

×

0 5

×

10

]

1

=

fe o

=

1

3 =

y

m

=

=

kkd kkd ×

416

1 3 ×

W

2a n

=

Æ= 2 1

R

ie

v

e

m

14

ı ł

Lz

l +

z

a

P

ı c u la t io

n

b

0 5

P

V

=

.

=

a

=

,

-

o

Si b

d

2)

=

2 CO S

C

15°

co s

10

3

N

×

10 .

Ó

N /m

2

a ıı

3 2

5 75

=

45

+

×

a

a

a

x

3

(s t a n d a r d )

6

is

175 5

×

1 + 2 2

z =

2 =

10

t

320

×

1 3

0 5

i- 4 5/ 14

M

M

-

>

-

a

411

+

=

183 2

2 COS 16

f b,d ×

s

p

§61 4

k

ri

183 2

=

k

d

91 6

72 8

in 1 5 ° S

,

a

t is fa

-

87

c

a n

d

ııe w

M

￠]

n ım

D ŪJE ı

t o ıy

m a ıı

A 4S

Scanned by CamScanner

=

=

Įfo

k

=

1

1 18

=

4 53

[M t]

Iııd

4

d

u c e

c rb

×

s

tr

[c rb ] =

1 2

8

N

320

×

×

10

×

(3

t

1

=

3

iJtı

m

[w ]

by

n

37 3 N /m

<

ko

e n

m

ge

a rra n

e sse s

a m

=

t r ic a l

Àt t

×

10

×

ln e

a sy m

r

kd

7

o

=

1 1 8 fo

k

0 7 =

183 2

u

×4 5 3 6

×

91 6

×

×

2

m

z

16 2 4 N /

ı n m

e

2

ý

l

z

=

q

×

0 355 eo s

3

P

=

14 / c o s

3

15°

=

16

0 355

-

u

3

1o

S a t is fa c t o r y

ol

=

c

D 1

ig n

T

o 7

f b

E

l ge a rs 1 a G e a r 1 is th e p in io n M a t e r ia l (fo r b o th p in io n

e s

A c o re

h

o

s s u m

a r

◆

2

L if e

3

D

e s

dn

z￠

e v e

C

40

e

1000 N /

=

r

m

s

tr

ay

,

5000

=

Đ

1 4

×

2 5

su r

w

h e e l)

fa c e h

a tT

de n

e

d ţo 45 R C

=

×

700 N /m

60

×

1750

m

=

,

2

52 5

×

10

7

c

y . Ie

s

1

l

×

×

1 5

4 70

1 7 5 N / 1ta m

H RC

=

C

=

23

=

605 N /m

4

28,

d

e b s e s

=

l0 l

a n

1 4 K öl

[Đ b 】

=

o

2

m

500 0 hrs , N

ig n

1 M

d 2

n

350 B H N

<

e s s

M t]

R ×

45

×

2

K

c

CR

Į

0 5 85 m

H R C

2

=

.

23

45

A 44

Scanned by CamScanner

d ï »n o « R

( :łıtı#

4

1 ı4 4

.

D

a

p

=

0 ñm

ı1 4 4

=

0 5m

:.

=

7 8

M

￠ R ,

t

e v

R b ?

tı ıı o n

te r m in

R

.

N

e w

ł«

t

t

t

naı

R

x

a n

-

R /3

×

lu

z

13

8 (・t a

-

0 6

U

o

z 1 ￠

=

v »

m

.

=

8

x

+

n

d a r d)

d dm 13

×

f lı, k d

=

6 67 m

=

p itc h lin » It x

・

38 76

=

hů

z

n ın ı

d U $ ,]

a n

m v e

86 7 × e o × 100 0 ,

n c lla

lo c ity

178

26

=

2

n ım

7 9

.

u

n

m

t a n ô2

-

62

=

ta

n

61

=

90

i= 2 '

2

63 4 3 °

=

63 43

=

26 57o

l

m m m i

=

d

la

u

/・

r e c ia io n

no

13 ,

b

118 2 7 6

=

116 2 7 6/ a

e ıı o

出

×

-

l

in

rm

l

a re

ge a m

h p H rł ı u a lit y 4 , H ig B o o k , a n d to b e d a ta a v a ila b le in th e D a ţ a 3 l* a » # u m r d , )bt t ° 1 v a lw k - 1 6 7 . 0 46, = a e 7 8 8 b/ d

o n

lm

a u

=

13

×

(i 6 7

=

86 7

立业 立

be

to

z

=

d S in c e th e r e i8 M ghe r e a fe r e id e , a

u se

th e

A

a a u n ıe

ho

=

1

.

.

l, łu

IM ￠】・ k o k *

aaa

×

kd

1o

a

År ￠

.

N

ı× 1 E .

×

1 8 ,

×

16 0

×

10

3

t m ıı

Scanned by CamScanner

8

In d u

.

c e

C ib

d

tr e

s

s se s

-

2

0 5b) bm

æ

tJ

u

116 2 75

×

0 6

×

333

=

(1 1 6 2 7 5

2

38 76)

×

×

38 76

10

×

8

3

0 343

×

Z

J

r +

.

(1 1 6 2 7 5

￥į

74 6 N / 2

>

-

=

.

3 8 76)

[c r. ]

=

=

q

1

D

e s

1 10 0 N / ra

=

ig n

s

tr

2 -

=

'

] in

LW

2 I

.

605 N / m

2

m

800 N /m

0 0

1

1 n

1 4

0 7

×

2 5 =

ĹC IJ

×

13 2 N / m

=

C

=

26 5

C

o n e

×

×

50

505

K

1 5 m

N

o

10

×

t

sa

5

×

×

10

3

tis fa c to r y

t o th

e

333

S u r fa

e

ge

=

505 N /n

a rs

ce

2

m

K

2

or

bt

=

0 3 5 C iı

=

0 35

=

2 5

=

1 5

=

0 7

t

×

+

12 0

1 10 0

+

12 0

ım

2

Iı

H R C

R

7 75 N / m

2

2 6 57°

e s s e s

1 4 K öl

lc lb J

m

CO S

0 343

=

u

m ia ı2 T t? o u g h h a r d e n in g a n d te m p e r in g is d o n h a r d n e s s is 5 0 R C a n d c o r e h a r d n e s s > 3 5 0 B H N ◆ıt

51

COS

× m

0 585 2

d i c e

2 3

22

と96 9

+

1

N Ll

×

3

×

10

5

立业n

A

Scanned by CamScanner

M

o

d r ıle

Ro 96 9

R

V i ße d

,

=

0 5

m

t

=

0 5

m

t x

0 5

×

8

z

l

国吕剧目目 qr Ħ 13

x

m

-

￠

6 7

.

8 (s ta

-

8 , th e

n

d a rd )

Vise R 口

I \

W it h

k , kd

a n

rev

13

×

is e d R

-

d u v t]

×

a re

!

仁下 V Z + ı 116 275

sa m

e

eu l

=

116 2 75 n ım

a n

d

m m m

t

v a

in T b ia l 1

lu

es

o

f b

,

d

u ı a tıi

,

In o th e r w o r d s t h e in d u c e d s tr e s s e e a r e a l« » s a ıiıe a s in T i a ] 1 t h e y a r e le s s th a n t h e p e r m is s ib le v a lu e s an d N o w , th e d e a ig n ia t f o r c a i s t y s a T h e e q u iv a le n t n u m b e r s o f te e t h o f t e N o le r g e a r a 1 a n d 3 a r e 吕n ıa ı r e q u ir e d v a lu e o f 1 7 T h is n ıe a n s , g e a r e 1 a n d 3 t h a n th e n ıin im u m o f u n d e r c u ttin g T h e s e u n d e r c u t g e a r s h a v e lo w e r h a v e th e p r o b le m h i h t i d t e t e d r e n n u b c s e a d in g s tr e s s e s w ilıb e s lig h t ly h ig h e r t e n bea g , , in t h e c a lc u la t io n s H o w e v e r in t h is t h a n th e v a lu e s s h o n r p r o b le n ı w e ib l b i d i h s e e n n g s tr e s s e s to b e fa r a w a fın d t e p e m ı s y f o n ı t h e in d u c e d ,

,

,

s tr e s s e s

,

a n

d he

n ce

th

e

d e s ig n

is

s a

fe

8 47

Scanned by CamScanner