Threat N Antivirus Report
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SPSS OUTPUT and its analysis Frequencies St at is t ics N A ge Oc c upation Depar tment How of ten do y ou us e inter net Main pur pos e of us ing inter net Sec ur ity c onc er n ov er inter net Sec ur ity c onc er n in pur c has e/banking Would y ou r epor t s ec ur ity br eakin c onc er n about online bus ines s in other c ountr ies c onv enienc e or pr iv ac y c r edit c ar d s tolen w ill y ou us e c r edit c ar d on w eb put name and addr es s in dir ec tor y banking w ithout s ec ur ity pr oc edur es par tic ipate in online auc tion inter net making lif e eas y s ec ur ity f eatur es bas is f or bus ines s w ho to as k ques tion about br eac h/online s ec ur ity how s ec ur e metr ic es help to v alue r egis tr ation on s ite: time r egis tr ation on s ite: r eq name r egis tr ation on s ite:r eq e- mail r egis tr ation on s ite:r eq addr es s r egis tr ation on s ite:not aw ar e how data w ould be us ed r egis tr ation on s ite:not w or th r ev ealing inf or mation r egis tr ation on s ite:dont tr us t the w ebs ite r egis tr ation on s ite:alw ay s r egis ter r egis tr ation on s ite:other r eas on s pam e- mail:pr ac tic e is f ine s pam e- mail:law to make it illegal s pam e- mail:agenc ies liable s apm e- mail:mes s age f ilter ing s hould be s tr ong
V alid 119 119 119
Mis s ing 0 0 0
Mean 2.16 1.19 1.61
119
0
1.92
119
0
2.53
119
0
3.32
119
0
3.36
119
0
3.40
119
0
3.38
119
0
2.45
119
0
43.45
119
0
44.20
119
0
3.22
119
0
3.50
119
0
3.23
119
0
3.38
119
0
3.29
119
0
2.17
119
0
3.27
119
0
3.52
119
0
3.29
119
0
3.29
119
0
3.23
119
0
3.23
119
0
3.18
119
0
3.18
119
0
2.87
119
0
3.32
119
0
3.42
119
0
3.26
119
0
3.28
119
0
3.26
Age
Valid
Frequency 24 75 5 7 8 119 119
17 - 21 22 - 26 27 - 30 31 - 35 35 + Total
Total
Percent 20.2 63.0 4.2 5.9 6.7 100.0 100.0
Valid Percent 20.2 63.0 4.2 5.9 6.7 100.0
Cumulative Percent 20.2 83.2 87.4 93.3 100.0
Bar Chart 80
60
Frequency
40
20
0 17 - 21
22 - 26
27 - 30
31 - 35
35 +
Age
Occupation
Valid
Student Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Total
Frequency 100
Percent 84.0
Valid Percent 84.0
Cumulative Percent 84.0
15
12.6
12.6
96.6
4
3.4
3.4
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Total
Bar Chart 120
100
80
60
Frequency
40
20
0 Student
Occupation
Teaching Faculty
Non Teaching Faculty
Department
Valid
Engineering Non Engineerin Total
Frequency 47
Percent 39.5
Valid Percent 39.5
Cumulative Percent 39.5
72
60.5
60.5
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Total
Bar Chart 80
60
Frequency
40
20
0 Engineering
Non Engineerin
Department
How often do you use internet
Valid
Total
Daily Couple of times a week Once a week Once a fortnight Once a month rarely Total
Frequency 46
Percent 38.7
Valid Percent 38.7
Cumulative Percent 38.7
49
41.2
41.2
79.8
17
14.3
14.3
94.1
2
1.7
1.7
95.8
4
3.4
3.4
99.2
1 119 119
.8 100.0 100.0
.8 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 60
50
40
30
Frequency
20
10 0 Daily
Once a week
Couple of times a we
Once a month
Once a fortnight
rarely
How often do you use internet
Main purpose of using internet Frequency Valid
Just surfing collecting study related information collecting leisure information keeping touch with friends shopping 6 Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
13
10.9
10.9
10.9
66
55.5
55.5
66.4
7
5.9
5.9
72.3
31
26.1
26.1
98.3
1 1 119 119
.8 .8 100.0 100.0
.8 .8 100.0
99.2 100.0
Bar Chart 70 60 50 40 30
Frequency
20 10 0 Just surfing
collecting leisure i
collecting study rel
Cumulative Percent
shopping
keeping touch with f
Main purpose of using internet
6
Security concern over internet Frequency Valid
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
23
19.3
19.3
19.3
13
10.9
10.9
30.3
14 41
11.8 34.5
11.8 34.5
42.0 76.5
28
23.5
23.5
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 50
40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 least concerned
neutral
some what concerned
very concerned concerned
Security concern over internet
Security concern in purchase/banking Frequency Valid
Total
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
22
18.5
18.5
18.5
7
5.9
5.9
24.4
33 20
27.7 16.8
27.7 16.8
52.1 68.9
37
31.1
31.1
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 least concerned
neutral
very concerned
some what concerned
concerned
Security concern in purchase/banking
Would you report security breakin Frequency Valid
definitely not not may be yes definitely yes Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
12
10.1
10.1
10.1
17 28 35
14.3 23.5 29.4
14.3 23.5 29.4
24.4 47.9 77.3
27
22.7
22.7
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 definitely not
not
Cumulative Percent
may be
Would you report security breakin
yes
definitely yes
concern about online business in other countries Frequency Valid
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Total
Valid Percent
Percent
Cumulative Percent
17
14.3
14.3
14.3
15
12.6
12.6
26.9
30 20
25.2 16.8
25.2 16.8
52.1 68.9
37
31.1
31.1
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 least concerned
neutral
some what concerned
very concerned concerned
concern about online business in other countries
convenience or privacy
Valid
Total
convenience privacy both are equally important neither Total
Frequency 13 42
Percent 10.9 35.3
Valid Percent 10.9 35.3
Cumulative Percent 10.9 46.2
62
52.1
52.1
98.3
2 119 119
1.7 100.0 100.0
1.7 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 70 60 50 40 30
Frequency
20 10 0 convenience
privacy
both are equally imp
neither
convenience or privacy
credit card stolen
Valid
yes no dont have a credit card Total
Total
Frequency 14 54
Percent 11.8 45.4
Valid Percent 11.8 45.4
Cumulative Percent 11.8 57.1
51
42.9
42.9
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 60
50
40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 yes
credit card stolen
no
dont have a credit c
will you use credit card on web Frequency Valid
definitely not not may be yes definitely yes dont have a credit card Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
14
11.8
11.8
11.8
9 13 20
7.6 10.9 16.8
7.6 10.9 16.8
19.3 30.3 47.1
12
10.1
10.1
57.1
51
42.9
42.9
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 60
50
40
30
Frequency
20
10 0 definitely not
may be not
definitely yes yes
dont have a credit c
will you use credit card on web
put name and address in directory Frequency Valid
Total
definitely not not may be yes definitely yes Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
17
14.3
14.3
14.3
19 28 31
16.0 23.5 26.1
16.0 23.5 26.1
30.3 53.8 79.8
24
20.2
20.2
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 definitely not
not
may be
yes
definitely yes
put name and address in directory
banking without security procedures Frequency Valid
definitely not not may be yes definitely yes Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
13
10.9
10.9
10.9
11 31 31
9.2 26.1 26.1
9.2 26.1 26.1
20.2 46.2 72.3
33
27.7
27.7
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 definitely not
not
Cumulative Percent
may be
banking without security procedures
yes
definitely yes
participate in online auction Frequency Valid
definitely not not may be yes definitely yes Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
17
14.3
14.3
14.3
20 28 27
16.8 23.5 22.7
16.8 23.5 22.7
31.1 54.6 77.3
27
22.7
22.7
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 30
20
Frequency
10
0 definitely not
not
may be
yes
definitely yes
participate in online auction
internet making life easy Frequency Valid
Total
definitely not not may be yes definitely yes Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
14
11.8
11.8
11.8
18 23 37
15.1 19.3 31.1
15.1 19.3 31.1
26.9 46.2 77.3
27
22.7
22.7
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 definitely not
not
may be
yes
definitely yes
internet making life easy
security features basis for business Frequency Valid
definitely not not may be yes definitely yes Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
13
10.9
10.9
10.9
16 37 29
13.4 31.1 24.4
13.4 31.1 24.4
24.4 55.5 79.8
24
20.2
20.2
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 definitely not
not
Cumulative Percent
may be
security features basis for business
yes
definitely yes
who to ask question about breach/online security Frequency Valid
to the web master to the contact us link dont know who the right authority is 4 5 Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
29
24.4
24.4
24.4
44
37.0
37.0
61.3
44
37.0
37.0
98.3
1 1 119 119
.8 .8 100.0 100.0
.8 .8 100.0
99.2 100.0
Bar Chart 50
40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 to the web master
dont know who the ri
to the contact us li
5 4
who to ask question about breach/online security
how secure metrices help to value Frequency Valid
Total
definitely not not may be yes definitely yes Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
9
7.6
7.6
7.6
17 38 43
14.3 31.9 36.1
14.3 31.9 36.1
21.8 53.8 89.9
12
10.1
10.1
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 50
40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 definitely not
not
may be
yes
definitely yes
how secure metrices help to value
registration on site: time Frequency Valid
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
8
6.7
6.7
6.7
14
11.8
11.8
18.5
34 34
28.6 28.6
28.6 28.6
47.1 75.6
29
24.4
24.4
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 least concerned some what concerned
registration on site: time
Cumulative Percent
neutral
very concerned concerned
registration on site: req name Frequency Valid
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
11
9.2
9.2
9.2
13
10.9
10.9
20.2
45 30
37.8 25.2
37.8 25.2
58.0 83.2
20
16.8
16.8
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 50
40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 least concerned
neutral
some what concerned
very concerned concerned
registration on site: req name
registration on site:req e-mail Frequency Valid
Total
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
13
10.9
10.9
10.9
18
15.1
15.1
26.1
31 36
26.1 30.3
26.1 30.3
52.1 82.4
21
17.6
17.6
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 least concerned
neutral
some what concerned
very concerned concerned
registration on site:req e-mail
registration on site:req address Frequency Valid
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
13
10.9
10.9
10.9
20
16.8
16.8
27.7
33 33
27.7 27.7
27.7 27.7
55.5 83.2
20
16.8
16.8
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
20
Frequency
Cumulative Percent
10
0 least concerned
neutral
some what concerned
registration on site:req address
very concerned concerned
registration on site:not aware how data would be used Frequency Valid
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
15
12.6
12.6
12.6
17
14.3
14.3
26.9
36 28
30.3 23.5
30.3 23.5
57.1 80.7
23
19.3
19.3
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 least concerned
neutral
some what concerned
very concerned concerned
registration on site:not aware how data would be used
registration on site:not worth revealing information Frequency Valid
Total
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
12
10.1
10.1
10.1
26
21.8
21.8
31.9
33 25
27.7 21.0
27.7 21.0
59.7 80.7
23
19.3
19.3
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 least concerned
neutral
some what concerned
very concerned concerned
registration on site:not worth revealing information
registration on site:dont trust the website Frequency Valid
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
13
10.9
10.9
10.9
23
19.3
19.3
30.3
35 26
29.4 21.8
29.4 21.8
59.7 81.5
22
18.5
18.5
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
20
Frequency
Cumulative Percent
10
0 least concerned some what concerned
neutral
very concerned concerned
registration on site:dont trust the website
registration on site:always register Frequency Valid
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
20
16.8
16.8
16.8
26
21.8
21.8
38.7
36 24
30.3 20.2
30.3 20.2
68.9 89.1
13
10.9
10.9
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 least concerned
neutral
some what concerned
very concerned concerned
registration on site:always register
registration on site:other reason Frequency Valid
Total
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
13
10.9
10.9
10.9
16
13.4
13.4
24.4
31 38
26.1 31.9
26.1 31.9
50.4 82.4
21
17.6
17.6
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 least concerned
neutral
some what concerned
very concerned concerned
registration on site:other reason
spam e-mail:practice is fine Frequency Valid
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
8
6.7
6.7
6.7
19
16.0
16.0
22.7
34 31
28.6 26.1
28.6 26.1
51.3 77.3
27
22.7
22.7
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
20
Frequency
Cumulative Percent
10
0 least concerned some what concerned
spam e-mail:practice is fine
neutral
very concerned concerned
spam e-mail:law to make it illegal Frequency Valid
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
17
14.3
14.3
14.3
11
9.2
9.2
23.5
31 44
26.1 37.0
26.1 37.0
49.6 86.6
16
13.4
13.4
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 50
40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 least concerned
neutral
some what concerned
very concerned concerned
spam e-mail:law to make it illegal
spam e-mail:agencies liable Frequency Valid
Total
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
12
10.1
10.1
10.1
21
17.6
17.6
27.7
29 36
24.4 30.3
24.4 30.3
52.1 82.4
21
17.6
17.6
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 least concerned
neutral
some what concerned
very concerned concerned
spam e-mail:agencies liable
sapm e-mail:message filtering should be strong Frequency Valid
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
22
18.5
18.5
18.5
10
8.4
8.4
26.9
27 35
22.7 29.4
22.7 29.4
49.6 79.0
25
21.0
21.0
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
20
Frequency
Cumulative Percent
10
0 least concerned some what concerned
neutral
very concerned concerned
sapm e-mail:message filtering should be strong
Data analysis: The average age of the respondents is in the group 22-26. The average respondents are students. The average respondents’ belong to the Non-engineering department. The average respondents responded that they use internet couple of times a week. The average respondents use internet mainly for the purpose of collecting leisure information. The average respondents’ security concern over the internet is neutral. The average respondents’ security concern over the internet banking is neutral. The average respondents’ responded that they would report a security break-in in the internet. The average respondents’ concern about the security over cross country trade over internet is neutral. When it comes to convenience/privacy over the internet, the average respondents responded that they are concerned about their privacy rather that the convenience. Only 42.9% of the respondents do not have a credit card. When asked about the credit card loss or stolen credit card over the internet, the average respondents responded that their credit card was not stolen. The average respondents responded that they use their credit card over the internet. Average respondents may enter their name/address in the internet. Average respondents responded that they may use banking services when there is no proper security over the internet. Asked about the online auction participation, average respondents responded that they may participate in an online auction.
Average respondents responded that internet is making their life easier. Average respondents said that they may be concerned about the security over internet for business. Chi Square Test: Crosstabs Case Processing Summary
N convenience or privacy * put name and address in directory convenience or privacy * banking without security procedures convenience or privacy * participate in online auction
Cases Missing N Percent
Valid Percent
Total N
Percent
119
100.0%
0
.0%
119
100.0%
119
100.0%
0
.0%
119
100.0%
119
100.0%
0
.0%
119
100.0%
convenience or privacy * put name and address in directory Crosstab Count put name and address in directory definitely not convenience or privacy
Total
convenience privacy both are equally important neither
8
2 4
4 11
6 11
definitely yes 1 8
9
12
12
14
15
62
17
1 19
1 28
24
2 119
not
may be
yes
31
Total 13 42
Chi-Square Tests
Value Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases
Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
df a
12.030
12
.443
14.431
12
.274
.297
1
.586
119
a. 10 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .29.
Directional Measures
Nominal by Nominal
Lambda
Symmetric convenience or privacy Dependent put name and address in directory Dependent
Goodman and Kruskal tau
Value .014
Asymp. a Std. Error .049
Approx. T .277
.000
.000
.
.023
.081
.277
.031
.021
.534
.025
.011
.462
convenience or privacy Dependent put name and address in directory Dependent
b
c
Approx. Sig. .781 .
c
.781
d
d
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis. b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis. c. Cannot be computed because the asymptotic standard error equals zero. d. Based on chi-square approximation
Symmetric Measures
Nominal by Nominal
N of Valid Cases
Phi Cramer's V Contingency Coefficient
Value .318 .184
Approx. Sig. .443 .443
.303
.443
119
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis. b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.
convenience or privacy * banking without security procedures
Crosstab Count banking without security procedures definitely not convenience or privacy
6
2 3
5 10
5 13
definitely yes 1 10
7
6
15
12
22
62
13
11
1 31
1 31
33
2 119
Value .063
Asymp. a Std. Error .061
Approx. T 1.004
Approx. Sig. .315
.018
.087
.200
.841
.093
.061
1.474
.141
.034
.023
.441
.027
.013
.383
convenience privacy both are equally important neither
Total
not
may be
yes
Total 13 42
Chi-Square Tests
Value Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases
Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
df a
11.058
12
.524
13.690
12
.321
.400
1
.527
119
a. 12 cells (60.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .18.
Directional Measures
Nominal by Nominal
Lambda
Goodman and Kruskal tau
Symmetric convenience or privacy Dependent banking without security procedures Dependent convenience or privacy Dependent banking without security procedures Dependent
b
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis. b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis. c. Based on chi-square approximation
c
c
Symmetric Measures
Nominal by Nominal
Phi Cramer's V Contingency Coefficient
Value .305 .176
Approx. Sig. .524 .524
.292
.524
N of Valid Cases
119
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis. b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.
convenience or privacy * participate in online auction Crosstab Count participate in online auction
convenience or privacy
definitely not 1 5
convenience privacy both are equally important neither
11
Total
2 5
6 9
3 9
definitely yes 1 14
13
12
14
12
62
20
1 28
1 27
27
2 119
not
17
may be
Chi-Square Tests
Value Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases
Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
df a
11.751
12
.466
12.188
12
.431
.590
1
.442
119
a. 10 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .29.
yes
Total 13 42
Directional Measures
Nominal by Nominal
Lambda
Goodman and Kruskal tau
Symmetric convenience or privacy Dependent participate in online auction Dependent convenience or privacy Dependent participate in online auction Dependent
Value .061
Asymp. a Std. Error .067
Approx. T .890
Approx. Sig. .374
.035
.088
.392
.695
.077
.074
1.004
.315
.037
.027
.370
.026
.015
.410
b
c
c
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis. b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis. c. Based on chi-square approximation
Symmetric Measures
Nominal by Nominal
Phi Cramer's V Contingency Coefficient
Value .314 .181
Approx. Sig. .466 .466
.300
.466
N of Valid Cases
119
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis. b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.
Privacy and putting name and address in directory There is a positive correlation between privacy and putting their name and address on the online directory The lambda value is .781 this signifies that we can reduce the error by 78.1% of predicting if the person has chosen privacy or convenience if we know his response over the question whether he will put his name and address in the directory. Privacy and banking without security procedures There is high positive correlation between the privacy and banking without security procedures
The lambda value is .315 which signifies that we can reduce the error by 31.5% of predicting if the person will participate in banking without knowing the security procedures if we his response over the question whether he chose privacy or convenience. Privacy and participation in online auctions There is a positive correlation between privacy and participating in an online auction The lambda value is .374 this signifies that we can reduce the error by 37.4% in predicting weather the person would take part in online auction or not if we know whether he chose privacy or convenience.
ANNOVA test: To compare the student department with how often they use internet and what is the main purpose of them using the internet. Oneway
ANOVA Sum of Squares How often do you use internet Main purpose of using internet
Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total
Mean Square
df
1.461
1
1.461
120.858
117
1.033
122.319
118
4.393E-02
1
4.393E-02
135.603
117
1.159
135.647
118
F
Sig.
1.414
.237
.038
.846
There is low degree of correlation between the department and how often person uses internet but there is a high degree of correlation in the main purpose of using the internet. Oneway
ANOVA Sum of Squares Security concern over internet
Security concern in purchase/banking
concern about online business in other countries
Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total
Mean Square
df
3.516
2
1.758
242.350
116
2.089
245.866
118
.552
2
.276
246.910
116
2.129
247.462
118
1.810
2
.905
232.173
116
2.001
233.983
118
F
Sig.
.841
.434
.130
.878
.452
.637
Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons Tukey HSD
Dependent Variable Security concern over internet
(I) Occupation Student
Teaching Faculty
Non Teaching Faculty Security concern in purchase/banking
Student
Teaching Faculty
Non Teaching Faculty concern about online business in other countries
Student
Teaching Faculty
Non Teaching Faculty
(J) Occupation Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Student Non Teaching Faculty Student Teaching Faculty Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Student Non Teaching Faculty Student Teaching Faculty Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Student Non Teaching Faculty Student Teaching Faculty
Homogeneous Subsets
95% Confidence Interval Lower Upper Bound Bound
Mean Difference (I-J)
Std. Error
-.35
.400
.657
-1.30
.60
-.75
.737
.567
-2.50
1.00
.35
.400
.657
-.60
1.30
-.40
.813
.875
-2.33
1.53
.75
.737
.567
-1.00
2.50
.40
.813
.875
-1.53
2.33
-3.00E-02
.404
.997
-.99
.93
.37
.744
.873
-1.40
2.14
3.00E-02
.404
.997
-.93
.99
.40
.821
.878
-1.55
2.35
-.37
.744
.873
-2.14
1.40
-.40
.821
.878
-2.35
1.55
-.13
.392
.944
-1.06
.80
-.66
.721
.632
-2.37
1.05
.13
.392
.944
-.80
1.06
-.53
.796
.781
-2.42
1.36
.66
.721
.632
-1.05
2.37
.53
.796
.781
-1.36
2.42
Sig.
Security concern over internet a,b
Tukey HSD
Occupation Student Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Sig.
100
Subset for alpha = .05 1 3.25
15
3.60
4
4.00
N
.509
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 9.184 b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.
Security concern in purchase/banking a,b
Tukey HSD
Occupation Non Teaching Faculty Student Teaching Faculty Sig.
Subset for alpha = .05 1
N 4
3.00
100
3.37
15
3.40 .827
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 9.184 b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.
concern about online business in other countries a,b
Tukey HSD
Occupation Student Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Sig.
100
Subset for alpha = .05 1 3.34
15
3.47
4
4.00
N
.579
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 9.184 b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.
ANOVA test to compare the occupation and their concern over security on the internet and whether their comfort level on making purchases online and conducting business outside of the home country. There is positive correlation between the occupation and the security concern on the internet amongst students, teaching faculty and non teaching faculty There is very high correlation between the occupation and whether the person would be making purchases over the internet. There is high correlation between the occupation and a person conducting business online outside the home country.
Kruskal Wallis Test: NPar Tests Kruskal-Wallis Test
Ranks
registration on site: time
registration on site: req name
registration on site:req e-mail
registration on site:req address
registration on site:not aware how data would be used
registration on site:not worth revealing information
registration on site:dont trust the website
registration on site:always register
registration on site:other reason
Occupation Student Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Total Student Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Total Student Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Total Student Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Total Student Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Total Student Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Total Student Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Total Student Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Total Student Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Total
100
Mean Rank 57.24
15
70.57
4
89.25
119 100
59.96
15
65.90
4
38.88
119 100
58.74
15
68.17
4
60.88
119 100
57.58
15
79.50
4
47.50
119 100
58.38
15
70.20
4
62.25
119 100
57.63
15
76.47
4
57.38
119 100
60.56
15
58.10
4
53.13
119 100
56.14
15
76.07
4
96.25
119 100
61.49
15
51.00
4
56.38
N
119
Test Statisticsa,b
Chi-Square df Asymp. Sig.
registration on site: time 5.252 2
registration on site: req name 2.100 2
registration on site:req e-mail 1.034 2
.072
.350
.596
registration on site:not registration aware how on site:req data would address be used 6.140 1.635 2 2 .046
.441
registration on site:not worth revealing information 4.113 2
registration on site:dont trust the website .243 2
registration on site:always register 9.415 2
registration on site:other reason 1.332 2
.128
.886
.009
.514
a. Kruskal Wallis Test b. Grouping Variable: Occupation
To compare occupation & reasons as to why he doesn’t fill out the online registration forms at websites Occupation and time taken to fill the form has a low level of correlation Occupation and the fact that it requires to give the name on the websites has a positive correlation Occupation and the fact that it requires to give the email address on websites has a high positive correlation Occupation and the fact that it requires to give the address on websites has a low level of correlation Occupation and the fact as to how the registration information entered by them on the websites has a positive correlation Occupation and the fact that person feels that its not worth revealing the information has a low level of correlation Occupation and the fact that the person doesn’t trust the website has a high degree of positive correlation Occupation and the fact the person always registers on the website has a very low level of correlation Occupation and other reasons as to why a person doesn’t register on the websites have a high positive level of correlation.
Recommendations & suggestions: • The websites need to make the registration process shorter • The websites need to make people aware as how their personal information will be used or even give a confidentiality information as to that the websites won’t use the personal information given by the users • Strict laws should implemented by the government to make the spamming illegal. • The rating of how secure a website is helps to attract new users thus it should be highlighted on the website so as to make people aware of the security strength of the website.
V alid 119 119 119
Mis s ing 0 0 0
Mean 2.16 1.19 1.61
119
0
1.92
119
0
2.53
119
0
3.32
119
0
3.36
119
0
3.40
119
0
3.38
119
0
2.45
119
0
43.45
119
0
44.20
119
0
3.22
119
0
3.50
119
0
3.23
119
0
3.38
119
0
3.29
119
0
2.17
119
0
3.27
119
0
3.52
119
0
3.29
119
0
3.29
119
0
3.23
119
0
3.23
119
0
3.18
119
0
3.18
119
0
2.87
119
0
3.32
119
0
3.42
119
0
3.26
119
0
3.28
119
0
3.26
Age
Valid
Frequency 24 75 5 7 8 119 119
17 - 21 22 - 26 27 - 30 31 - 35 35 + Total
Total
Percent 20.2 63.0 4.2 5.9 6.7 100.0 100.0
Valid Percent 20.2 63.0 4.2 5.9 6.7 100.0
Cumulative Percent 20.2 83.2 87.4 93.3 100.0
Bar Chart 80
60
Frequency
40
20
0 17 - 21
22 - 26
27 - 30
31 - 35
35 +
Age
Occupation
Valid
Student Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Total
Frequency 100
Percent 84.0
Valid Percent 84.0
Cumulative Percent 84.0
15
12.6
12.6
96.6
4
3.4
3.4
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Total
Bar Chart 120
100
80
60
Frequency
40
20
0 Student
Occupation
Teaching Faculty
Non Teaching Faculty
Department
Valid
Engineering Non Engineerin Total
Frequency 47
Percent 39.5
Valid Percent 39.5
Cumulative Percent 39.5
72
60.5
60.5
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Total
Bar Chart 80
60
Frequency
40
20
0 Engineering
Non Engineerin
Department
How often do you use internet
Valid
Total
Daily Couple of times a week Once a week Once a fortnight Once a month rarely Total
Frequency 46
Percent 38.7
Valid Percent 38.7
Cumulative Percent 38.7
49
41.2
41.2
79.8
17
14.3
14.3
94.1
2
1.7
1.7
95.8
4
3.4
3.4
99.2
1 119 119
.8 100.0 100.0
.8 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 60
50
40
30
Frequency
20
10 0 Daily
Once a week
Couple of times a we
Once a month
Once a fortnight
rarely
How often do you use internet
Main purpose of using internet Frequency Valid
Just surfing collecting study related information collecting leisure information keeping touch with friends shopping 6 Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
13
10.9
10.9
10.9
66
55.5
55.5
66.4
7
5.9
5.9
72.3
31
26.1
26.1
98.3
1 1 119 119
.8 .8 100.0 100.0
.8 .8 100.0
99.2 100.0
Bar Chart 70 60 50 40 30
Frequency
20 10 0 Just surfing
collecting leisure i
collecting study rel
Cumulative Percent
shopping
keeping touch with f
Main purpose of using internet
6
Security concern over internet Frequency Valid
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
23
19.3
19.3
19.3
13
10.9
10.9
30.3
14 41
11.8 34.5
11.8 34.5
42.0 76.5
28
23.5
23.5
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 50
40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 least concerned
neutral
some what concerned
very concerned concerned
Security concern over internet
Security concern in purchase/banking Frequency Valid
Total
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
22
18.5
18.5
18.5
7
5.9
5.9
24.4
33 20
27.7 16.8
27.7 16.8
52.1 68.9
37
31.1
31.1
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 least concerned
neutral
very concerned
some what concerned
concerned
Security concern in purchase/banking
Would you report security breakin Frequency Valid
definitely not not may be yes definitely yes Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
12
10.1
10.1
10.1
17 28 35
14.3 23.5 29.4
14.3 23.5 29.4
24.4 47.9 77.3
27
22.7
22.7
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 definitely not
not
Cumulative Percent
may be
Would you report security breakin
yes
definitely yes
concern about online business in other countries Frequency Valid
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Total
Valid Percent
Percent
Cumulative Percent
17
14.3
14.3
14.3
15
12.6
12.6
26.9
30 20
25.2 16.8
25.2 16.8
52.1 68.9
37
31.1
31.1
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 least concerned
neutral
some what concerned
very concerned concerned
concern about online business in other countries
convenience or privacy
Valid
Total
convenience privacy both are equally important neither Total
Frequency 13 42
Percent 10.9 35.3
Valid Percent 10.9 35.3
Cumulative Percent 10.9 46.2
62
52.1
52.1
98.3
2 119 119
1.7 100.0 100.0
1.7 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 70 60 50 40 30
Frequency
20 10 0 convenience
privacy
both are equally imp
neither
convenience or privacy
credit card stolen
Valid
yes no dont have a credit card Total
Total
Frequency 14 54
Percent 11.8 45.4
Valid Percent 11.8 45.4
Cumulative Percent 11.8 57.1
51
42.9
42.9
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 60
50
40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 yes
credit card stolen
no
dont have a credit c
will you use credit card on web Frequency Valid
definitely not not may be yes definitely yes dont have a credit card Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
14
11.8
11.8
11.8
9 13 20
7.6 10.9 16.8
7.6 10.9 16.8
19.3 30.3 47.1
12
10.1
10.1
57.1
51
42.9
42.9
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 60
50
40
30
Frequency
20
10 0 definitely not
may be not
definitely yes yes
dont have a credit c
will you use credit card on web
put name and address in directory Frequency Valid
Total
definitely not not may be yes definitely yes Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
17
14.3
14.3
14.3
19 28 31
16.0 23.5 26.1
16.0 23.5 26.1
30.3 53.8 79.8
24
20.2
20.2
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 definitely not
not
may be
yes
definitely yes
put name and address in directory
banking without security procedures Frequency Valid
definitely not not may be yes definitely yes Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
13
10.9
10.9
10.9
11 31 31
9.2 26.1 26.1
9.2 26.1 26.1
20.2 46.2 72.3
33
27.7
27.7
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 definitely not
not
Cumulative Percent
may be
banking without security procedures
yes
definitely yes
participate in online auction Frequency Valid
definitely not not may be yes definitely yes Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
17
14.3
14.3
14.3
20 28 27
16.8 23.5 22.7
16.8 23.5 22.7
31.1 54.6 77.3
27
22.7
22.7
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 30
20
Frequency
10
0 definitely not
not
may be
yes
definitely yes
participate in online auction
internet making life easy Frequency Valid
Total
definitely not not may be yes definitely yes Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
14
11.8
11.8
11.8
18 23 37
15.1 19.3 31.1
15.1 19.3 31.1
26.9 46.2 77.3
27
22.7
22.7
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 definitely not
not
may be
yes
definitely yes
internet making life easy
security features basis for business Frequency Valid
definitely not not may be yes definitely yes Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
13
10.9
10.9
10.9
16 37 29
13.4 31.1 24.4
13.4 31.1 24.4
24.4 55.5 79.8
24
20.2
20.2
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 definitely not
not
Cumulative Percent
may be
security features basis for business
yes
definitely yes
who to ask question about breach/online security Frequency Valid
to the web master to the contact us link dont know who the right authority is 4 5 Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
29
24.4
24.4
24.4
44
37.0
37.0
61.3
44
37.0
37.0
98.3
1 1 119 119
.8 .8 100.0 100.0
.8 .8 100.0
99.2 100.0
Bar Chart 50
40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 to the web master
dont know who the ri
to the contact us li
5 4
who to ask question about breach/online security
how secure metrices help to value Frequency Valid
Total
definitely not not may be yes definitely yes Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
9
7.6
7.6
7.6
17 38 43
14.3 31.9 36.1
14.3 31.9 36.1
21.8 53.8 89.9
12
10.1
10.1
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 50
40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 definitely not
not
may be
yes
definitely yes
how secure metrices help to value
registration on site: time Frequency Valid
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
8
6.7
6.7
6.7
14
11.8
11.8
18.5
34 34
28.6 28.6
28.6 28.6
47.1 75.6
29
24.4
24.4
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 least concerned some what concerned
registration on site: time
Cumulative Percent
neutral
very concerned concerned
registration on site: req name Frequency Valid
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
11
9.2
9.2
9.2
13
10.9
10.9
20.2
45 30
37.8 25.2
37.8 25.2
58.0 83.2
20
16.8
16.8
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 50
40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 least concerned
neutral
some what concerned
very concerned concerned
registration on site: req name
registration on site:req e-mail Frequency Valid
Total
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
13
10.9
10.9
10.9
18
15.1
15.1
26.1
31 36
26.1 30.3
26.1 30.3
52.1 82.4
21
17.6
17.6
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 least concerned
neutral
some what concerned
very concerned concerned
registration on site:req e-mail
registration on site:req address Frequency Valid
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
13
10.9
10.9
10.9
20
16.8
16.8
27.7
33 33
27.7 27.7
27.7 27.7
55.5 83.2
20
16.8
16.8
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
20
Frequency
Cumulative Percent
10
0 least concerned
neutral
some what concerned
registration on site:req address
very concerned concerned
registration on site:not aware how data would be used Frequency Valid
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
15
12.6
12.6
12.6
17
14.3
14.3
26.9
36 28
30.3 23.5
30.3 23.5
57.1 80.7
23
19.3
19.3
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 least concerned
neutral
some what concerned
very concerned concerned
registration on site:not aware how data would be used
registration on site:not worth revealing information Frequency Valid
Total
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
12
10.1
10.1
10.1
26
21.8
21.8
31.9
33 25
27.7 21.0
27.7 21.0
59.7 80.7
23
19.3
19.3
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 least concerned
neutral
some what concerned
very concerned concerned
registration on site:not worth revealing information
registration on site:dont trust the website Frequency Valid
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
13
10.9
10.9
10.9
23
19.3
19.3
30.3
35 26
29.4 21.8
29.4 21.8
59.7 81.5
22
18.5
18.5
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
20
Frequency
Cumulative Percent
10
0 least concerned some what concerned
neutral
very concerned concerned
registration on site:dont trust the website
registration on site:always register Frequency Valid
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
20
16.8
16.8
16.8
26
21.8
21.8
38.7
36 24
30.3 20.2
30.3 20.2
68.9 89.1
13
10.9
10.9
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 least concerned
neutral
some what concerned
very concerned concerned
registration on site:always register
registration on site:other reason Frequency Valid
Total
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
13
10.9
10.9
10.9
16
13.4
13.4
24.4
31 38
26.1 31.9
26.1 31.9
50.4 82.4
21
17.6
17.6
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 least concerned
neutral
some what concerned
very concerned concerned
registration on site:other reason
spam e-mail:practice is fine Frequency Valid
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
8
6.7
6.7
6.7
19
16.0
16.0
22.7
34 31
28.6 26.1
28.6 26.1
51.3 77.3
27
22.7
22.7
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
20
Frequency
Cumulative Percent
10
0 least concerned some what concerned
spam e-mail:practice is fine
neutral
very concerned concerned
spam e-mail:law to make it illegal Frequency Valid
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
17
14.3
14.3
14.3
11
9.2
9.2
23.5
31 44
26.1 37.0
26.1 37.0
49.6 86.6
16
13.4
13.4
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 50
40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 least concerned
neutral
some what concerned
very concerned concerned
spam e-mail:law to make it illegal
spam e-mail:agencies liable Frequency Valid
Total
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
12
10.1
10.1
10.1
21
17.6
17.6
27.7
29 36
24.4 30.3
24.4 30.3
52.1 82.4
21
17.6
17.6
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
Frequency
20
10
0 least concerned
neutral
some what concerned
very concerned concerned
spam e-mail:agencies liable
sapm e-mail:message filtering should be strong Frequency Valid
least concerned some what concerned neutral concerned very concerned Total
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
22
18.5
18.5
18.5
10
8.4
8.4
26.9
27 35
22.7 29.4
22.7 29.4
49.6 79.0
25
21.0
21.0
100.0
119 119
100.0 100.0
100.0
Bar Chart 40
30
20
Frequency
Cumulative Percent
10
0 least concerned some what concerned
neutral
very concerned concerned
sapm e-mail:message filtering should be strong
Data analysis: The average age of the respondents is in the group 22-26. The average respondents are students. The average respondents’ belong to the Non-engineering department. The average respondents responded that they use internet couple of times a week. The average respondents use internet mainly for the purpose of collecting leisure information. The average respondents’ security concern over the internet is neutral. The average respondents’ security concern over the internet banking is neutral. The average respondents’ responded that they would report a security break-in in the internet. The average respondents’ concern about the security over cross country trade over internet is neutral. When it comes to convenience/privacy over the internet, the average respondents responded that they are concerned about their privacy rather that the convenience. Only 42.9% of the respondents do not have a credit card. When asked about the credit card loss or stolen credit card over the internet, the average respondents responded that their credit card was not stolen. The average respondents responded that they use their credit card over the internet. Average respondents may enter their name/address in the internet. Average respondents responded that they may use banking services when there is no proper security over the internet. Asked about the online auction participation, average respondents responded that they may participate in an online auction.
Average respondents responded that internet is making their life easier. Average respondents said that they may be concerned about the security over internet for business. Chi Square Test: Crosstabs Case Processing Summary
N convenience or privacy * put name and address in directory convenience or privacy * banking without security procedures convenience or privacy * participate in online auction
Cases Missing N Percent
Valid Percent
Total N
Percent
119
100.0%
0
.0%
119
100.0%
119
100.0%
0
.0%
119
100.0%
119
100.0%
0
.0%
119
100.0%
convenience or privacy * put name and address in directory Crosstab Count put name and address in directory definitely not convenience or privacy
Total
convenience privacy both are equally important neither
8
2 4
4 11
6 11
definitely yes 1 8
9
12
12
14
15
62
17
1 19
1 28
24
2 119
not
may be
yes
31
Total 13 42
Chi-Square Tests
Value Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases
Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
df a
12.030
12
.443
14.431
12
.274
.297
1
.586
119
a. 10 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .29.
Directional Measures
Nominal by Nominal
Lambda
Symmetric convenience or privacy Dependent put name and address in directory Dependent
Goodman and Kruskal tau
Value .014
Asymp. a Std. Error .049
Approx. T .277
.000
.000
.
.023
.081
.277
.031
.021
.534
.025
.011
.462
convenience or privacy Dependent put name and address in directory Dependent
b
c
Approx. Sig. .781 .
c
.781
d
d
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis. b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis. c. Cannot be computed because the asymptotic standard error equals zero. d. Based on chi-square approximation
Symmetric Measures
Nominal by Nominal
N of Valid Cases
Phi Cramer's V Contingency Coefficient
Value .318 .184
Approx. Sig. .443 .443
.303
.443
119
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis. b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.
convenience or privacy * banking without security procedures
Crosstab Count banking without security procedures definitely not convenience or privacy
6
2 3
5 10
5 13
definitely yes 1 10
7
6
15
12
22
62
13
11
1 31
1 31
33
2 119
Value .063
Asymp. a Std. Error .061
Approx. T 1.004
Approx. Sig. .315
.018
.087
.200
.841
.093
.061
1.474
.141
.034
.023
.441
.027
.013
.383
convenience privacy both are equally important neither
Total
not
may be
yes
Total 13 42
Chi-Square Tests
Value Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases
Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
df a
11.058
12
.524
13.690
12
.321
.400
1
.527
119
a. 12 cells (60.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .18.
Directional Measures
Nominal by Nominal
Lambda
Goodman and Kruskal tau
Symmetric convenience or privacy Dependent banking without security procedures Dependent convenience or privacy Dependent banking without security procedures Dependent
b
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis. b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis. c. Based on chi-square approximation
c
c
Symmetric Measures
Nominal by Nominal
Phi Cramer's V Contingency Coefficient
Value .305 .176
Approx. Sig. .524 .524
.292
.524
N of Valid Cases
119
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis. b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.
convenience or privacy * participate in online auction Crosstab Count participate in online auction
convenience or privacy
definitely not 1 5
convenience privacy both are equally important neither
11
Total
2 5
6 9
3 9
definitely yes 1 14
13
12
14
12
62
20
1 28
1 27
27
2 119
not
17
may be
Chi-Square Tests
Value Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases
Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
df a
11.751
12
.466
12.188
12
.431
.590
1
.442
119
a. 10 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .29.
yes
Total 13 42
Directional Measures
Nominal by Nominal
Lambda
Goodman and Kruskal tau
Symmetric convenience or privacy Dependent participate in online auction Dependent convenience or privacy Dependent participate in online auction Dependent
Value .061
Asymp. a Std. Error .067
Approx. T .890
Approx. Sig. .374
.035
.088
.392
.695
.077
.074
1.004
.315
.037
.027
.370
.026
.015
.410
b
c
c
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis. b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis. c. Based on chi-square approximation
Symmetric Measures
Nominal by Nominal
Phi Cramer's V Contingency Coefficient
Value .314 .181
Approx. Sig. .466 .466
.300
.466
N of Valid Cases
119
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis. b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.
Privacy and putting name and address in directory There is a positive correlation between privacy and putting their name and address on the online directory The lambda value is .781 this signifies that we can reduce the error by 78.1% of predicting if the person has chosen privacy or convenience if we know his response over the question whether he will put his name and address in the directory. Privacy and banking without security procedures There is high positive correlation between the privacy and banking without security procedures
The lambda value is .315 which signifies that we can reduce the error by 31.5% of predicting if the person will participate in banking without knowing the security procedures if we his response over the question whether he chose privacy or convenience. Privacy and participation in online auctions There is a positive correlation between privacy and participating in an online auction The lambda value is .374 this signifies that we can reduce the error by 37.4% in predicting weather the person would take part in online auction or not if we know whether he chose privacy or convenience.
ANNOVA test: To compare the student department with how often they use internet and what is the main purpose of them using the internet. Oneway
ANOVA Sum of Squares How often do you use internet Main purpose of using internet
Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total
Mean Square
df
1.461
1
1.461
120.858
117
1.033
122.319
118
4.393E-02
1
4.393E-02
135.603
117
1.159
135.647
118
F
Sig.
1.414
.237
.038
.846
There is low degree of correlation between the department and how often person uses internet but there is a high degree of correlation in the main purpose of using the internet. Oneway
ANOVA Sum of Squares Security concern over internet
Security concern in purchase/banking
concern about online business in other countries
Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total
Mean Square
df
3.516
2
1.758
242.350
116
2.089
245.866
118
.552
2
.276
246.910
116
2.129
247.462
118
1.810
2
.905
232.173
116
2.001
233.983
118
F
Sig.
.841
.434
.130
.878
.452
.637
Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons Tukey HSD
Dependent Variable Security concern over internet
(I) Occupation Student
Teaching Faculty
Non Teaching Faculty Security concern in purchase/banking
Student
Teaching Faculty
Non Teaching Faculty concern about online business in other countries
Student
Teaching Faculty
Non Teaching Faculty
(J) Occupation Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Student Non Teaching Faculty Student Teaching Faculty Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Student Non Teaching Faculty Student Teaching Faculty Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Student Non Teaching Faculty Student Teaching Faculty
Homogeneous Subsets
95% Confidence Interval Lower Upper Bound Bound
Mean Difference (I-J)
Std. Error
-.35
.400
.657
-1.30
.60
-.75
.737
.567
-2.50
1.00
.35
.400
.657
-.60
1.30
-.40
.813
.875
-2.33
1.53
.75
.737
.567
-1.00
2.50
.40
.813
.875
-1.53
2.33
-3.00E-02
.404
.997
-.99
.93
.37
.744
.873
-1.40
2.14
3.00E-02
.404
.997
-.93
.99
.40
.821
.878
-1.55
2.35
-.37
.744
.873
-2.14
1.40
-.40
.821
.878
-2.35
1.55
-.13
.392
.944
-1.06
.80
-.66
.721
.632
-2.37
1.05
.13
.392
.944
-.80
1.06
-.53
.796
.781
-2.42
1.36
.66
.721
.632
-1.05
2.37
.53
.796
.781
-1.36
2.42
Sig.
Security concern over internet a,b
Tukey HSD
Occupation Student Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Sig.
100
Subset for alpha = .05 1 3.25
15
3.60
4
4.00
N
.509
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 9.184 b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.
Security concern in purchase/banking a,b
Tukey HSD
Occupation Non Teaching Faculty Student Teaching Faculty Sig.
Subset for alpha = .05 1
N 4
3.00
100
3.37
15
3.40 .827
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 9.184 b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.
concern about online business in other countries a,b
Tukey HSD
Occupation Student Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Sig.
100
Subset for alpha = .05 1 3.34
15
3.47
4
4.00
N
.579
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 9.184 b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.
ANOVA test to compare the occupation and their concern over security on the internet and whether their comfort level on making purchases online and conducting business outside of the home country. There is positive correlation between the occupation and the security concern on the internet amongst students, teaching faculty and non teaching faculty There is very high correlation between the occupation and whether the person would be making purchases over the internet. There is high correlation between the occupation and a person conducting business online outside the home country.
Kruskal Wallis Test: NPar Tests Kruskal-Wallis Test
Ranks
registration on site: time
registration on site: req name
registration on site:req e-mail
registration on site:req address
registration on site:not aware how data would be used
registration on site:not worth revealing information
registration on site:dont trust the website
registration on site:always register
registration on site:other reason
Occupation Student Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Total Student Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Total Student Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Total Student Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Total Student Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Total Student Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Total Student Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Total Student Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Total Student Teaching Faculty Non Teaching Faculty Total
100
Mean Rank 57.24
15
70.57
4
89.25
119 100
59.96
15
65.90
4
38.88
119 100
58.74
15
68.17
4
60.88
119 100
57.58
15
79.50
4
47.50
119 100
58.38
15
70.20
4
62.25
119 100
57.63
15
76.47
4
57.38
119 100
60.56
15
58.10
4
53.13
119 100
56.14
15
76.07
4
96.25
119 100
61.49
15
51.00
4
56.38
N
119
Test Statisticsa,b
Chi-Square df Asymp. Sig.
registration on site: time 5.252 2
registration on site: req name 2.100 2
registration on site:req e-mail 1.034 2
.072
.350
.596
registration on site:not registration aware how on site:req data would address be used 6.140 1.635 2 2 .046
.441
registration on site:not worth revealing information 4.113 2
registration on site:dont trust the website .243 2
registration on site:always register 9.415 2
registration on site:other reason 1.332 2
.128
.886
.009
.514
a. Kruskal Wallis Test b. Grouping Variable: Occupation
To compare occupation & reasons as to why he doesn’t fill out the online registration forms at websites Occupation and time taken to fill the form has a low level of correlation Occupation and the fact that it requires to give the name on the websites has a positive correlation Occupation and the fact that it requires to give the email address on websites has a high positive correlation Occupation and the fact that it requires to give the address on websites has a low level of correlation Occupation and the fact as to how the registration information entered by them on the websites has a positive correlation Occupation and the fact that person feels that its not worth revealing the information has a low level of correlation Occupation and the fact that the person doesn’t trust the website has a high degree of positive correlation Occupation and the fact the person always registers on the website has a very low level of correlation Occupation and other reasons as to why a person doesn’t register on the websites have a high positive level of correlation.
Recommendations & suggestions: • The websites need to make the registration process shorter • The websites need to make people aware as how their personal information will be used or even give a confidentiality information as to that the websites won’t use the personal information given by the users • Strict laws should implemented by the government to make the spamming illegal. • The rating of how secure a website is helps to attract new users thus it should be highlighted on the website so as to make people aware of the security strength of the website.
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