Thermography For Resource Conservation
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WELCOME TO THE PRESENTATION ON
INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY
WHAT IS INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY • The Process of writing involving the use of heat obtained by an image on a small picture tube by using INFRARED camera. • All objects in the universe above ABSOLUTE ZERO (-2730C) emit thermal radiations. • All thermal radiations are in the Infrared region of electromagnetic spectrum. • Infrared thermography allows us to see the thermal, or heat energy, that is radiated by objects.
WHY USE INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY • Infrared Thermography allows us to diagnose and pinpoint problems based on temperature differential of areas. Temperature provides an excellent identification of the condition of equipment. • It is ability of THERMAL CAMERA to “see” these early stages of increasing temperature that makes thermography such a valuable technology
PRINCIPLE ENERGY LOSS • • • • • • •
CONDUCTION CONVECTION RADIATION Radiated Energy is a function of Temperature and Wave length Almost all energy is radiated in the infrared band of the electromagnetic Spectrum At 1000oK Energy is radiated in the visible band Total Energy Radiated; W = σεT4 (Stefan-Boltzman Law)
Radiation Heat Transfer • •
• • •
Thermal Radiation: The Electromagnetic radiation emitted by a body as a result of its temperature. Properties: Propagates at speed of light (c)= 3X108 m/sec Infrared radiation lies from 0.75–1000 µm Visible light lies from 0.4 – 0.75 µm Radiative Heat Transfer lies from 0.75 – 100 µm Most practical measurements can be made upto 20 µm Propagation of Thermal radiation takes place in form of discrete quanta each quantum having energy of E = h v, where v - frequency = c/λ h is Planck’s constant 6.625X10-34 J.s
Radiation Heat Transfer • • •
• •
Very hot objects radiate in the visible region also. The Sun at about 6000 0K appears to glow yellow to white hot An electric heater / stove at about 800 0K glows red but as the element cools, it looses its visible glow but continues to radiate. We can feel the heat with hand but can’t see the glow as the energy has shifted from RED To INFRARED Wein’s Displacement Law: λpk = 2898 / T , µm Thermal Infrared imagers have measurement capabilities with sensitivities down to 0.10C
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Fundamentals of Radiative Heat Flow KIRCHHOFF’S LAW
A
R
T
PRINCIPLE • • • • • • •
ENERGY EMISSIONS A = Absorbed Energy Black Body: E = 1 R = Reflected Energy Grey Body: E = 0.7-0.9 T = Transmitted Energy A+R+T = 1 E=A E+R+T = 1
Radiant Energy Related to Target surface
Stephan Boltzmann Law W = σεT4 W = Radiative flux emitted per unit area (W/m2) ε = Emissivity (unity for black body target) σ = Stefan-Boltzmann constant = 5.673 X 10-8 W/m2 K-4
INSTRUMENTS • OPTICS • DETECTOR • INDICATOR/DISPLAY • Infrared Thermometers - Spot Radiometers • Line Scanners • Imaging Systems
FPA Detector Technology
Single Detector Scanning System
Linear Focal Plane Array System
Focal Plane Array System
FPA Thermovision Instrument -Key features • Choice of hand-held infrared condition monitoring systems • High resolution FPA image quality for rapid fault detection • Easy to use • Rugged design for operation in harsh environments • High accuracy and reliability
Typical Applications • Electrical inspection • Mechanical inspection • Refractory, insulation diagnostics • Energy conservation • Leak detection • Building Insulation
Refractory diagnostics - Poor insulation
Leak detection Steam line leakage
Electrical inspection Sub-station
Electrical inspection 220 KV Switchyard (CT Bolts)
Electrical inspection 220 KV Switchyard (Broken Conductor Strands)
Electrical inspection Cable Heating
Electrical inspection – Control Panel
Electrical InspectionLow Oil level in Transformer Second Fin
Mechanical InspectionBearing Problem
Mechanical inspection Overheating fan
Building Insulation
Critical Vessel Monitoring
Critical Vessel Monitoring
View from West side I498 252.50C GST (217-2260C)
View from East side
Critical Vessel Monitoring Thermal Image No.: I-498
User Industries Electrical Utilities
Consultants Iron and Steel
Automotive Manufacturing Petrochemical Industry
and many more...
User Industries Automotive Manufacturing
Electrical Utilities
Petrochemical Industry
Iron and Steel
and many more...
HOPE YOU HAVE ENJOYED THIS PRESENTATION
THANK YOU
INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY
WHAT IS INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY • The Process of writing involving the use of heat obtained by an image on a small picture tube by using INFRARED camera. • All objects in the universe above ABSOLUTE ZERO (-2730C) emit thermal radiations. • All thermal radiations are in the Infrared region of electromagnetic spectrum. • Infrared thermography allows us to see the thermal, or heat energy, that is radiated by objects.
WHY USE INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY • Infrared Thermography allows us to diagnose and pinpoint problems based on temperature differential of areas. Temperature provides an excellent identification of the condition of equipment. • It is ability of THERMAL CAMERA to “see” these early stages of increasing temperature that makes thermography such a valuable technology
PRINCIPLE ENERGY LOSS • • • • • • •
CONDUCTION CONVECTION RADIATION Radiated Energy is a function of Temperature and Wave length Almost all energy is radiated in the infrared band of the electromagnetic Spectrum At 1000oK Energy is radiated in the visible band Total Energy Radiated; W = σεT4 (Stefan-Boltzman Law)
Radiation Heat Transfer • •
• • •
Thermal Radiation: The Electromagnetic radiation emitted by a body as a result of its temperature. Properties: Propagates at speed of light (c)= 3X108 m/sec Infrared radiation lies from 0.75–1000 µm Visible light lies from 0.4 – 0.75 µm Radiative Heat Transfer lies from 0.75 – 100 µm Most practical measurements can be made upto 20 µm Propagation of Thermal radiation takes place in form of discrete quanta each quantum having energy of E = h v, where v - frequency = c/λ h is Planck’s constant 6.625X10-34 J.s
Radiation Heat Transfer • • •
• •
Very hot objects radiate in the visible region also. The Sun at about 6000 0K appears to glow yellow to white hot An electric heater / stove at about 800 0K glows red but as the element cools, it looses its visible glow but continues to radiate. We can feel the heat with hand but can’t see the glow as the energy has shifted from RED To INFRARED Wein’s Displacement Law: λpk = 2898 / T , µm Thermal Infrared imagers have measurement capabilities with sensitivities down to 0.10C
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Fundamentals of Radiative Heat Flow KIRCHHOFF’S LAW
A
R
T
PRINCIPLE • • • • • • •
ENERGY EMISSIONS A = Absorbed Energy Black Body: E = 1 R = Reflected Energy Grey Body: E = 0.7-0.9 T = Transmitted Energy A+R+T = 1 E=A E+R+T = 1
Radiant Energy Related to Target surface
Stephan Boltzmann Law W = σεT4 W = Radiative flux emitted per unit area (W/m2) ε = Emissivity (unity for black body target) σ = Stefan-Boltzmann constant = 5.673 X 10-8 W/m2 K-4
INSTRUMENTS • OPTICS • DETECTOR • INDICATOR/DISPLAY • Infrared Thermometers - Spot Radiometers • Line Scanners • Imaging Systems
FPA Detector Technology
Single Detector Scanning System
Linear Focal Plane Array System
Focal Plane Array System
FPA Thermovision Instrument -Key features • Choice of hand-held infrared condition monitoring systems • High resolution FPA image quality for rapid fault detection • Easy to use • Rugged design for operation in harsh environments • High accuracy and reliability
Typical Applications • Electrical inspection • Mechanical inspection • Refractory, insulation diagnostics • Energy conservation • Leak detection • Building Insulation
Refractory diagnostics - Poor insulation
Leak detection Steam line leakage
Electrical inspection Sub-station
Electrical inspection 220 KV Switchyard (CT Bolts)
Electrical inspection 220 KV Switchyard (Broken Conductor Strands)
Electrical inspection Cable Heating
Electrical inspection – Control Panel
Electrical InspectionLow Oil level in Transformer Second Fin
Mechanical InspectionBearing Problem
Mechanical inspection Overheating fan
Building Insulation
Critical Vessel Monitoring
Critical Vessel Monitoring
View from West side I498 252.50C GST (217-2260C)
View from East side
Critical Vessel Monitoring Thermal Image No.: I-498
User Industries Electrical Utilities
Consultants Iron and Steel
Automotive Manufacturing Petrochemical Industry
and many more...
User Industries Automotive Manufacturing
Electrical Utilities
Petrochemical Industry
Iron and Steel
and many more...
HOPE YOU HAVE ENJOYED THIS PRESENTATION
THANK YOU
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