Theme Six Part Two

THEME 6 THE NATION BUILDING YEARS AND INDEPENDENCE 1950 – 1984 PART TWO BRUNEI’S INDEPENDENCE STEPS LEADING TO THE INDEPENDENCE OF BRUNEI 1. Brunei became full internal self-governing state. 2. Britain was still responsible for Brunei’s external affairs and defence.

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THE 1971 AGREEME NT

Signed at the Lapau DiRaja in BSB

Between Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah and the British Representative, Antony Henry Fanshawe-Royle

3. Brunei and Britain shared responsibility for Brunei’s defence and security. 4. The Gurkhas would remain in Brunei to maintain peace and security. 5. The local post of General Adviser to the Sultan was introduced for the first time. Brunei’s first General Adviser was Pehin Orang Kaya Laila Setia Bakti DiRaja Dato Utama Awang Haji Isa. 6. The British High Commissioner was no longer the adviser to the Sultan.

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THE 1979 ANGLOTREATY OF FRIENDSH IP AND COOPERATIO N

Signed at the Lapau DiRaja in BSB

Between Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah and Lord GoronwyRoberts (Secretary for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs) The Queen’s representative also there was HRH 1

Brunei:  Agreed to take over international responsibilities as a sovereign and independent nation. Britain:  Agreed to assist Brunei in area of diplomacy since

Michael of Kent.

Brunei would need to establish international relations as an independent nation.

FULL INDEPENDENCE IN 1984

Since 1979

 Brunei made the preparations to shoulder responsibilities as a fully independent nation.

 Several new departments were created: 1. The Diplomatic Relations It was set up to take over the conduct of Brunei’s external relations from the British Government in 1979. 2. The Brunei Investment Agency It was set up to take over the management of Brunei’s financial affairs overseas from the Crown Agents in London in 1983.

 Official announcement made: May 1983

31st Decem ber 1983 1st January 1984

1. Brunei would become independent on 1st January 1984. 2. British protection would end after 95 years (1888 – 1984).

 Mass Maghrib prayers in all the main mosques in the four districts.

 At midnight: His Royal Highness the Sultan now addressed as His Majesty Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Mu’izzaddin Waddaulah, Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan Negara Brunei Darussalam, read the proclamation of full independence of Brunei. His father, HRH Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III spoke aloud “Allahu Akbar” (Allah is Almighty) 3 times. The crowd repeated after him.

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A ‘Doa Selamat’ was read by the State Mufti, Pehin Dato Seri Maharaja Dato Seri Utama Awang Haji Ismaili bin Omar Abdul Aziz.

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DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS Since independence, Brunei has:  Established diplomatic relations with many countries around the world.  Embassies and High Commissioners in all ASEAN capitals and many other countries.

BEFORE INDEPENDE NCE (SINCE 1979)

AFTER INDEPENDE NCE (1984)

BRUNEI’S INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 

Brunei’s foreign affairs were handled by the Brunei Diplomatic Service.



The Brunei Diplomatic Service was upgraded to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.



Brunei’s foreign policy has been guided by the principles stated in the Declaration of Full Independence: 1. RESPECT other countries’ sovereignty, integrity and independence. 2. FRIENDSHIP with all nations. 3. NON-INTERFERENCE in the internal affairs of another country. 4. PEACE, SECURITY, STABILITY in the region.

BRUNEI’S PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS BRUNEI’S PARTICIPATIO N

COMMONWEALTH

ASEAN

OIC

UN

SEAMEO

1ST JAN 1984

7TH JAN 1984

15TH JAN 1984

21ST SEPT 1984

1984

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BRUNEI’S PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS

COMMONWEALT H

Brunei joined on 01/01/1984

It is a voluntary organizations consisting of Britain and its former colonies and protected states

ASEAN

Brunei joined on 07/07/1984

ASEAN was first formed on 08/08/1967 in Bangkok, Thailand

(South East Asian Nations)

Brunei joined as the 6th member

OIC (Organization of Islamic Conference)

UN (United Nations)

SEAMEO (South East Asian Ministers of Education Organizations)

Brunei joined on 15/01/1984

It is an association of Islamic states. Brunei became its 44th member

Brunei joined on 21/09/1984

Brunei joined the UN as its 159th member

Brunei joined in 1984

AIM: Working together for economic progress and friendship

AIM: To maintain friendly relations and keep peace, security and stability in the region

AIM: To co-operate economically, socially and culturally

AIM: To co-operate for world peace and security

AIM: Co-operation in education, science and culture

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