The Urja Watch - May 2009

A monthly newsletter of

Indian Association of Energy Management Professionals

THE URJA WATCH May 2009, Vol. II/Issue 11 It is about “Conscience Keeping on Energy Matters”

FOCUS ON

LIGHTING

The Urja Watch

May 2009

Vol. II/Issue 11

FOCUS ON

LIGHTING What’s inside…  From the Editor: Bright Ideas in Lighting

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 Be Smart with T5 Energy Saver

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 Energy Audit in Lighting Systems

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 Light Pollution And Its Impact On Energy, Safety, Health And Environment 20  Debate of feasibility of LEDs for Street Lighting 24  Lighting Quiz

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 IAEMP News

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 Upcoming Events

38 Editorial Board

S. Subramanian, S.K. Sood, Amit Gupta, R.V. Ramana Rao Reporters: Vikas Apte – Regulatory affairs, D.K. Agrawal, Jaipur Website: www.iaemp.org

Editor Contact: [email protected]

Contributing Authors for this issue: T.P. Sadananda Pai, N. Ravishankar, R,P. Rammohan

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From the Editor’s Desk…

Bright Ideas in Lighting Ever since the invention of the carbon filament electric lamp by Thomas Alva Edison in 1879, bright ideas continue to work on making lamps more efficient. From the age of kerosene-powered lanterns, India has progressed to producing the most modern electric lighting systems. At many of the street-side markets, electric lamps have now replaced traditional petromax lanterns. The bright lamps not only help businesses but also light up smiles on the faces of vendors. Globally, advancements in lighting technology have made the day much longer leading to more human output. Gone are the days when outdoor games were played only when daylight was available. Lighting accounts for 15-20% of total electrical consumption in India. It offers great opportunities to improve energy efficiency and environment as more efficient lighting systems are now available in the market. India’s lighting industry is estimated at around Rs.50 Billion. The industry produces a variety of lighting products including incandescent lamps, fluorescent tubes, vapour lamps and others. The market for Compact Fluorescent lamps (CFL) is the fastest growing segment, growing at an estimated 25 percent annually. The market for high intensity discharge lamps such as sodium vapour lamps is also growing rapidly at around 15 percent. Alongside, there is a huge and latent market for lighting fixtures and support systems. Energy efficiency is taking center stage in almost every product category. It's not just the technology that affects the efficiency of light, it's the application of the light source. All light sources can be used in more efficient ways. Light-emitting diodes or LEDs offer by far the most efficient and longest lasting form of electric supplied light. While the LED lamps save energy and last longer, their initial pricetag is much higher. However, LEDs generally require little maintenance over the life of the fixture because no relamping is required. Cool and energy-efficient lighting by the LEDs is important option to consider for a rapidly growing India.

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When we talk of lighting a home, generally the idea that enters our minds is - electric lighting. While there are many options in electric lighting applications, natures way of lighting our way is obviously the most effective and efficient means to brighten our lives. Few people realize how many different ways natural light can be best used. The use of natural light has a positive effect on our wallets and our environment, besides producing an extremely positive effect on our psychology. Market Trends Lighting sets the mood. A change that is observed in our conception of good lighting is the quantity and intensity of the light we expect. To meet varying consumer expectations, control networking will play an increasingly significant role in lighting products. As LED manufacturing techniques are improving and new materials are being developed, there have been breakthroughs in ultra-bright LED with various colours. As a result, the application of LED lighting instruments in professional lighting industry will most likely expand, from the present decorative devices to comprehensive lighting equipment. The use of computer technology in professional lighting control systems has significantly improved. As computer technologies continue upgrading and progressing, professional lighting control systems are gradually evolving from analogue to digital stage and networking stage. An issue that grows more prominent as development expands is the pollution caused by lighting. Light pollution is the accumulated effect of the excessive artificial lighting, needlessly wasting energy. In future, regulation may become necessary to minimize light pollution. Energy Efficiency In an effort to cut down wastages and improve energy efficiency, many municipalities in India are partnering with Energy Service Companies (ESCOs). With average per capita energy consumption growing at around 8 per cent per year, lighting offers a significant opportunity for India to manage the growth of the residential sector electricity. Let us hope more bright ideas continue to make the lighting systems not just more efficient but more cost-effective. Energetically, S. Subramanian Editor

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Be Smart With T5 Energy Saver By T.P. Sadananda Pai T5 Lamps – An Overview T5 lamps are fluorescent lamps that are 5/8" of an inch in diameter. The "T" in lamp nomenclature represents the shape of the lamp-tubular. The number following the "T" usually represents the diameter of the lamp in eighths of an inch (1 inch equals 2.5 centimeters). T5 lamps have a diameter equal to 5 times an eighth of an inch, or 5/8". T5 lamps are available for standard output and high output. The wattages for standard T5 lamps are 14, 21, 28, and 35 watts. The highoutput T5 (T5 HO) lamps are available in 24, 39, 54, and 80 watts (49watt T5 HO lamps are also available from GE Lighting). A four-foot long, 54-watt version that delivers 5,000 lumens is popular in the United States. The high light output allows fewer luminaries to achieve the same luminance levels as when using other fluorescent lamps. "HO" stands for high output. T5 HO lamps deliver more light than standard T5 lamps and are available in higher wattages. HO lamps have the same diameter and length as standard T5 lamps. T5 lamps operate at frequencies greater than 20 kilohertz. Instant start, rapid start, and programmed start electronic ballasts are available for T5 lamp operation. Ballasts for T5 lamps are available for 120-, 277-, 240-, and 347-volt operations. Most T5 ballasts are more compact than T8 ballasts, although the dimensions vary depending on manufacturer and lamp type. For instance, the height, width, and length of a T5 ballast are 2.5, 3.00, and 36.20 centimeters (1.0, 1.18, and 14.25 inches) or 3.18, 3.18, and 48 centimeters (1.25, 1.25, and 19 inches). These small crosssection sizes allow luminaries designers to create thinner luminaires. Most manufacturers claim that their T5 ballasts have total harmonic distortion (THD) of less than 15%. This small amount of THD avoids potential imbalances in electrical lines that would damage wiring, transformers, or other equipment. Manufacturers claim these ballasts have highly efficient power factor values of more than 0.95. Most T5 ballasts carry class "A" sound ratings, so they are very quiet. The small diameter of the T5 lamp bulbs results in an increase in temperature, leading to cracks in the bulb. New ballasts for T5 lamps, therefore, are required to have "end of life" circuitry that ensures that power is shut off to the lamp when its functioning becomes impaired.

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It is possible to dim T5 lamps with dimming ballasts. In the United States, several dimming ballasts for T5 high output (T5 HO) lamps are available. At least two ballast manufacturers—OSRAM SYLVANIA and Energy Savings produce analog dimming ballasts for T5 HO lamps, and at least one manufacturer—TRIDONIC provides digital dimming ballasts for T5 HO lamps. Few dimming ballasts for standard T5 lamps are available. However, analog dimming ballasts use a standard 0- to 10-volt directcurrent (VDC) dimming control signal. Digital dimming ballasts use digital communication technology that is controllable through switch DIM®, Digital Serial Interface (DSI), or Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI). The manufacturers claim that these ballasts can dim from 100% to 1% of full light output. Wiring for instant start ballasts differs from that for rapid start ballasts and programmed start ballasts. In addition, the rapid and programmed start ballasts have two options for wiring when being connected with more than two T5 lamps. In series wiring, electrodes of two lamps are connected in series, while electrodes are connected in parallel in the other method. Energy Savings' ballasts can be wired by either way. Incorrectly wiring any ballast may hasten end darkening of lamps and/or shorten lamp life. Lamp manufacturers claim that T5 and T5 high output (T5 HO) lamps last 20,000 hours. This average rated lamp life is measured at temperatures between 15°C (59°F) and 50°C (122°F) when operated on electronic programmed start ballasts on a three-hour switching cycle—3 hours on and 20 minutes off—and designated as the number of hours after which 50% of the lamps fail. The 20,000-hour lamp life of T5 lamps is the same as the lamp life of most T8 lamps, although newly developed prolonged-life T8 lamps have lives of 4,000 or 10,000 hours longer than T5 lamps. Lamps operated on longer burning cycles will have longer life spans. Shorter burning cycles (frequent switching on and off) reduce lamp life. Use of ballasts that do not meet lamp requirements set forth by the lamp manufacturers may also result in reduced lamp life. T5 and T5 high output (T5 HO) lamps are designed to produce maximum light output at 35°C (95°F). The compact size of T5 lamps reduces the amount of materials used in their manufacture, the potential for toxic substance contamination, and packaging materials needed for shipment and sale. T5 lamps can, therefore, have less impact on the global environment than T8 lamps.

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In addition to their smaller dimensions, T5 lamps have an improved phosphor coating that prevents mercury from being absorbed into the phosphor and the bulb glass. This technology allows for reduced mercury content in the lamp, as well as higher lumen maintenance. A T5 lamp includes less than 3 milligrams (0.0001 ounces) or 5 milligrams (0.0002 ounces) of mercury. T5 lamps save material. The reduced surface area allows manufacturers to use nearly 60% less glass and phosphor material when manufacturing. Energy Saved is Energy Produced One should begin the energy conservation from the point of installation itself. A simple way is to use energy efficient T5 lamps with efficacy (lumen/watt) >100 and lamp life >10000 hours which is higher than the normal fluorescent tube-light. Mercury content in T5 lamps are less. A lot of electrical energy is wasted in the present street lighting system. We use sodium vapour (SV) lamps, 40w tube lights, CFL (compact fluorescent lamp), etc. Ideal replacement for all these lighting systems is T5 lamp with total harmonic distortion (THD)THD<10%. Roadside street lighting is very important. In earlier days for street lighting, ordinary bulbs were used, and then came the tube light, SV, CFL, Metal Halide, and other lamps. If we use CFL in place of bulb, it uses only 25% energy originally used. It reduces pollution level by the same amount. For CFLs, power factor is less and THD is high .Hence it creates disturbance in supply and it adds up to E-waste. Bulb gives 5% light and 95% heat and in MH and SV, they are 85% and 77% respectively. Street lights in Kerala need to be improved. Safety and comfort are the prime necessities of any street lighting. Street lights should be bright enough to enable driver’s visibility to see the road and its edges clearly without the use of dipper or headlights to locate any obstacles, traffic signals, etc. The lights should also help pedestrians to see the edges of the footpath, obstacles, signals, oncoming vehicles, etc. Street lighting loads are generally estimated based on number of fittings, irrespective of choke losses. Hence there won’t be any loss to the supply party or the users but loss is to the Government and the people.

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Comparison with 250w SV Lamp A good quality 250w SV lamp will consume 272w in which 22w is choke loss creating heat .A 4X24w T5 IP65 street light is an ideal replacement for this which consumes only 100w power by giving enough light. Thus it saves electricity by 63%. For a 12 hour street lighting it saves 172x12=2.064 units/day which can electrify 2 houses which consume one unit/day so that the thought of RECI can be fulfilled. In Kerala we can save lot of electricity by replacing SV lamps. But even at this juncture of shortage of power and global warming every municipality and corporations are running behind SV lamps .Nobody can stop them. Proposal forwarded by EMC to some corporations are still kept in cold storage. Since ambient temperature here does not go beyond 30*C street lights with T5 lamps are best suited for Kerala. Comparison with 1x40w Street light If we replace 1x40w tube light with 1x28w T5 lamp we can save 25w/lamp as T5 lamp streetlight fitting will consume only 30w compared to 55w by normal tube Light, which means each light can save more than 45% of electricity consumption. Comparison with CFL Studies reveal that a 2x11w CFL will consume 50w power after making current impure due to low pf & high THD value. Ideal replacement for this is 1x28w T5 street light which gives more lighting level also. 4X24W T5 IP65 Street light is an ideal replacement for metal halide on high mast in almost 95% cases. High mast system is an energy eating system. Most of the high masts in Kerala do not need such an intensive lighting. In such cases a typical high mast with 12 Nos. 2x250w metal halide can be replaced with 6 Nos. 4x24w T5 street light and we can save 5400w i.e. nearly 65 units/day with a payback period of just 4 months. Power of T5 lamps A 250w SV lamp can be installed at a height of 9.5m. Whereas, a 4x24w T5 street light can be installed at a height of 25m. In certain cases it can be used instead of 400w SV lamp. Also 1x28w T5 is an ideal replacement for 2x40w tube light, thus, saving 50w. One 1x28w T5 can save 45% energy compared to normal tube light. It starts instantly and it can work even at 90V.

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Efficacy is 100 lm/w compared to 70 lm/w of ordinary tube. These HF tubes works at 28000Hz compared to the mains 50Hz. This increases light output, reduces running costs, starting currents and ballast losses. Other benefits are fast starting with no reduction in lamp life (starts at 90V), elimination of flicker, and elimination of strobe effect and varying light output. Power factor is .96 compared to .85 of ordinary tube light. This gives the same light output as that of 40w tube with a 14% reduction in consumption size is 5/8 of an inch. CRI is >80. Lamp life >100000 compared to 4000 of ordinary tube. Colour temp 4000. CASE STUDY 1 - Street lighting from main junction of Payyanur Municipality to Payyanur Railway Station. Payyanur Municipality in Kannur District had planned to provide SV lamps on octagonal poles. When they were made aware of energy saving T5 street light they have requested to provide T5 street light. Hence 55 Nos. of 4X24 T5 street lights were provided on 7m octagonal poles. If 250w SV lamps were used, consumption for 12hr=272x55x12=179.52 unit If T5 were used, consumption =100x55x12=66 unit. Savings =113.52 unit/day If rate is Rs. 6 per unit then savings per year=113.52x365x6=248608.8 which means about 40 Nos. fittings cost is reimbursed. On the other hand government is benefited with the energy saved and this surplus energy can be used for 113 families with consumption of 1 unit/day stipulated by RECI. Think about the enormous saving if we replace the SV lamps. CASE STUDY 2 - Thalassery Municipality in Kannur District. On the ROB in Thalassery about 22 Nos. of 250w SV lamps were provided (11 Nos. on both sides). When municipal authorities after seeing the power of T5, requested to provide T5 street light on ROB. Accordingly, 15 Nos. of T5 street lights were provided. The Savings were 45.408 units/day. Pay back was 1 year and energy saved can feed 45 families. High Mast There is a 25m high mast in main bus stand Thalassery with 12 Nos. of 2x250w metal halides. It was not working for months. 5 Nos. of 4x24w T5 street lights were fixed on high mast which give enough light. Energy saved is 5500x12=66 units/day which can feed 66 families and pay back is just 4 months.

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The main issues involved in the design of street lighting system are 1. Scope for selection of Energy Efficient Equipment/System 2. Use of better design practices Technology has developed a number of energy efficient lighting equipments, such as, Low-loss chokes; High lumen tubes; Low wattage lamps for same lox levels and Energy-efficient luminaries. Now-a-days people have started using T5 lights in houses, residential complexes to save energy and reduce current bill. It is good but what about THD value. Who cares? The Government has to be concerned. So the limit should be specified.

An example of bright illumination by T5 tube light The above photograph shows drawing-cum dining hall measuring 20’X12’ in my rented house at Ranchi. I have provided Philips make T5 tube light ( Philips Vector neo TCH 204) on the TV side wall. The lux measurements at 7pm were recorded as follows; 1. On the top of the Sofa 6 feet below the tube: 122 lux 2. On floor diagonally opposite at a distance of 15 feet : 26lux 3. On the top of the dining table at a distance of 10 feet :50 lux 4. On the top of the inverter at a height of 2 feet on opposite side : 48 lux I could not check the consumption but it consumes 28 watts at rated voltage. It cost me Rs. 550/- only including fitting charges. It works between 170-250V without flickering. Sunil Sood [email protected]

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ENERGY AUDIT IN LIGHTING SYSTEMS By N. Ravishankar BACKGROUND The major objectives of energy audit in lighting systems include:      

Measurement and comparison of illumination levels at various locations and ensure that those are as per required standards. Measurement of actual power consumption of all lighting feeders. Calculate the installed load efficacy in terms of lux/watt/m² (Existing vs Design) for general lighting installation. Compare calculated value with the standard norms applicable. To suggest ways and means to optimise the illumination levels and to optimise the power consumption at different locations with clear bankable proposals. To identify energy saving measures and quantify the energy as well as cost savings.

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LIGHTING SYSTEMS ENERGY AUDIT The steps involved in conducting energy audit of lighting plant are:    

Data collection. Observations, measurement and Analysis. Proposal for energy conservation measures with detailed technoeconomic calculations. Report preparation as per standards laid by BEE.

DATA COLLECTION   

Collect the single line diagram of electrical drawing pertaining to lighting ( Cell wise, Building wise as appropriate ). Obtain the lighting fixture details for each section. Typical format for data collection of lighting details is given.

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Table 1: Typical Data Collection Parameters

Section / Dept.

Fixture Type & ballast type

Watts of each fitting

No of fixtures

Total connected watts

Feeder details

Other energy consumer details

Room size

Lumens required

Rema rks

Example: By changing from standard fluorescent lamps with magnetic ballasts to energy efficient T8 fluorescent lamps with electronic ballasts, the energy consumption can be reduced by approximately 50 percent, while still maintaining the same light level. Look for or Ask Questions  Are lights on in unoccupied areas?  Is the exterior lighting on during the day?  Do operators manually turn off lights? Because there is no investment, some opportunities can be the simplest and most cost effective to save on lighting energy. Create awareness of such opportunities and fix responsibility by implementing monitoring and targeting. Reward employees on performance in energy saving. Install occupancy sensor or photo electric sensors. This offers a more reliable method to obtain savings as it is not operator dependant. Typical applications are pump houses, meeting rooms, bathrooms, warehouse, or storage areas. (one photo sensor can operate multiple light fixtures). Replace high pressure sodium (HPS) lights in low use areas with fluorescent lights for quick on and off control. Although HPS lights can operate more efficiently, their long re-strike times can make them a poor choice for low use areas. Because they take so long to warm up, they are frequently left on continuously.

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Replace or maintain faulty photo controls. Often when lights are on during the day it turns out that photo controls are already installed but have become inoperative. Are existing lighting levels higher than the recommended levels? This can be accessed through your Energy Auditor . Use a hand held calibrated light meter to measure the amount of light available in work areas. Hold the meter at work level. Refer to the table appropriate for recommended lighting levels. ( Check with your Energy Auditor ) In case the details are not available it is suggested to conduct a survey and obtain the above details. Also check and create a column marked as ―other energy consumers‖ column and incorporate the details of fans, air conditioners, computers, photocopiers, and others which are connected to lighting circuit. For illumination levels required, refer to standard practices where recommended illumination values as per IS: 3646 (Part-1)–1992 for various areas are available. 

If the plant has separate transformers for lighting circuit, provide details of the transformer.

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Details of energy saving retrofits installed in the plant (such as voltage controllers, sensors, controllers, timers and others).

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Details of on & off mechanism of lighting circuits

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Details of energy meters provided in the lighting circuit and sections served by these meters.

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Details of energy consumption monitoring of lighting systems.

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Energy consumption of lighting circuits.

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INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED The following calibrated instruments are required for conducting the energy audit of lighting system    

Power Analyzer: Used for measuring electrical parameters such as kW, kVA, pf, V, A and Hz of class 0.5 accuracy Lux meters Measuring tape ( to measure room size , fitting height etc ) On line energy meter instruments – (calibrated)

MEASUREMENTS & OBSERVATION TO BE MADE While conducting the audit carryout a detailed survey/study for the following 

Monitor the condition of lighting fixtures

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Lux measurements at various places (Number of measurement to be carried out is as per Industry standard )

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Measurement of power parameters kW, kVA, Current, Voltage, power factor, harmonics, frequency of all feeders Room dimensions / Room Index Counting of installed fixtures Vs number of fixtures in operation Maintenance practices – for cleaning, replacement, life etc

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OBSERVATIONS AND ANALYSIS

System familiarisation and operational details Collect the single line diagram of electrical drawing pertaining to lighting (Cell wise, Building wise as appropriate) and visit to the plant can be made to ensure correctness of the same .

Measurements & Evaluation The summary of lighting measurements and calculations are shown And the more content of details/data will ensure more precise study on the systems and identify savings potential.

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Table 2: Summary of lighting measurements and calculations Location / Room No

Type of lamps

Measured Average Lux level

Standard Measured Lux level Power (kW (as per I S 3646)

Observations on house keeping and maintenance practices Interactions and surveys to be carried out on:           

House keeping measures in up keeping of luminaries Failure rate of lamps and ballasts and compare with Mfg standards Replacement procedure of failed lamps and data’s ( Check with stores on FIFO / FILO material management practises ) Procurement options , stock options Maintenance practices Operational practices (on / off controls , purpose , ) If any energy saving retrofits are installed in the plant then the operational status of the retrofits can be assessed Identify the areas where poor illumination and excess illumination is provided Assess the various alternate lamps / luminaries applicable for various sections Type of panel lamps or sign lamps used – to explore possibility of using LED lamps Observations on other loads which are connected to the lighting circuit and their energy consumption

Exploration of energy conservation possibilities While conducting the energy audit explore for various energy conservation measures such as: 

Look for natural lighting opportunities through windows and other openings. Derive way to improve natural lighting during the day time.

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In the case of industrial lighting, explore the scope for introducing translucent sheets. Use of energy efficient lighting methods / products / equipments / retrofits. Maximize sunlight use through use of transparent roof sheets, north light roof, and other roofing. Examine scope for replacements of lamps by more energy efficient lamps, with due consideration to luminaries, colour rendering index, lux level as well as expected life comparison. Performance of luminaries which are commonly used are given in the Replace conventional magnetic ballasts by more energy efficient ballasts, with due consideration to life and power factor apart from watt loss. Select interior colours for light reflection. Assess scope for re-arrangement of lighting fixtures Modify layout for optimum lighting. Providing individual / group controls for lighting for energy efficiency such as:  On / off type voltage regulation type (for illuminance control)  Group control switches / units  Occupancy sensors  Photocell controls  Timer operated controls  Modify switches / electrical circuit Install input voltage regulators / controllers for energy efficiency as well as longer life expectancy for lamps where higher voltages, fluctuations are expected. Replace energy efficient displays like LED's in place of lamp type displays in control panels / instrumentation areas, etc. Opt for better reflector in lighting Cleaning of reflector at regular interval In power plant, locations like HT/LT switchgear rooms, cable galleries etc which sites / locations are rarely visited, lighting circuits may be modified in such a way that keeping 25% to 30% lights always ―ON‖ and remaining lights controlled by simple ON /OFF switch provided at the entrance of the room / hall Opportunities to reduce the power consumption/ improve the energy efficiency of other loads which are connected to the lighting circuit

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Reduce lighting levels where appropriate It is common for some areas to have excessive lighting; particularly warehouse space, walk-in freezers, and hallways. There are a number of strategies for reducing lighting: lamps can be removed (for fluorescent fixtures the ballast will still consume some energy), fixtures can be rewired to allow partial to full lighting, or new efficient fixtures can be installed with a reduced design point for the lighting level. Lighting level may be perceived as a ―health and happiness‖ issue. Even if an area may have higher lighting levels than recommended by Illuminating Engineering Society of North America it may go against the local culture to reduce lighting. Reduce overall lighting and install task lighting. This approach can provide better lighting at the point of use, while reducing the overall lighting in an area. Unless task lighting is installed to be easily modified, an excellent task lighting layout can quickly become obsolete as manufacturing operations and layouts change. Are incandescent lights installed? Replace incandescent lights with T8 Fluorescent lamps and matched electronic ballasts. The fluorescent fixtures of today are extremely rugged and versatile. These fixtures can operate in ambient temperatures down to 0° F, can be operated as BI-level lighting or dimmed without reducing the rated lamp life. These fluorescent fixtures provide flicker-free operation and can operate with Total Harmonic Distortion of less than 5 % and Power Factor greater than 90%.Energy consumption can be reduced by whopping / unbelievable 50 %. Replace incandescent lamps with compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). Compact fluorescent lamps offer a quick and simple opportunity to retrofit to more efficient lighting.

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Estimate 80 percent increase in efficiency. For persistence of savings, fixtures that can only accept CFL’s should be installed. Replace high bay incandescent fixtures with high pressure sodium (HPS) lamps in areas where the colour of the light is not important. Some might not like the yellow orange light. It may also be unacceptable where good colour recognition is required (Example: a product inspection/grading area). HPS lamps take time to restrike and then come up to full output when first turned on. Replace incandescent fixtures with higher efficiency metal halide (MH) fixtures in areas where colour is important such as product grading areas. MH lamps offer a ―white‖ light preferred by some. Generally they are not as efficient as HPS lights. MH lamps also take time to restrike and come up to full light output when first turned on. Are standard fluorescent lamps installed? Replace standard fluorescent and magnetic ballasts with T8’s and matched electronic ballasts. 35-45 percent increase in efficiency It can be problematic to have T8 and standard fluorescent fixture at the same facility. Although standard fluorescent lamps fit in T8 fixtures, the ballasts are not matched and may create problems. Replace fluorescent fixtures with low bay MH fixtures. MH lights are more commonly chosen for their white light than their efficiency. Savings will only be available for specific selections of MH fixtures. For some combinations of existing fluorescent fixtures replaced with metal halide fixtures, energy use could increase. Are magnetic ballasts installed on the existing fluorescent lights? Install electronic ballasts.

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Estimate: 10-25 percent increase in efficiency It can be difficult to determine the type of ballast installed without a visual inspection. Are Mercury Vapor lights installed? In the past, Mercury Vapor lights were selected because of their long lamp life. These lamps are not energy efficient because as they age, their lumen output decreases but they continue to consume the same amount of energy. Efficiency increase estimates assume maintaining same lighting level. Replace Mercury Vapor fixtures with higher efficiency metal halide (MH) fixtures in areas where color is important such as product inspection areas. MH lamps offer a ―white‖ light preferred by some. Generally they are not as efficient as HPS lights. Estimate: 80 percent increase in efficiency MH lamps take time to re-strike and come up to full light output when first turned on. Replace Mercury Vapor fixtures with T8 Fluorescent lamps and matched electronic ballasts. Again, the fluorescent fixtures of today can handle temperatures down to 0 F, can be operated as BI-level lighting or dimmed without reducing the rated lamp life. These fixtures can provide excellent color rendering for areas that require this, such as inspection areas. The mounting height for these fixtures may have to be lowered in order to achieve adequate light distribution. This could create interference problems with overhead cranes. Some good practices in lighting are:    

Installation of energy efficient fluorescent lamps in place of "Conventional" fluorescent lamps. Installation of Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL's) in place of incandescent lamps. Installation of metal halide lamps in place of mercury / sodium vapour lamps. Installation of High Pressure Sodium Vapour (HPSV) lamps for applications where colour rendering is not critical

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Installation of LED panel indicator lamps in place of filament lamps. Light Control Grouping of lighting system, to provide greater flexibility in lighting control Installation of microprocessor based controllers Optimum usage of day lighting Installation of "exclusive" transformer for lighting Installation of servo stabilizer for lighting feeder Installation of high frequency (HF) electronic ballasts in place of conventional ballasts

Recommendations Each energy conservation measure should discuss:       

The back ground Analysis and suggestion Energy savings evaluation (Estimated – before and after) Impact on energy consumption after implementation Economic feasibility Investment required and payback period Monitoring and verification of energy savings after implementation  Efforts and resources required for sustainability of energy savings  The vendors/ suppliers/ manufactures details Courtesy: www.energymanagertraining.com About the contributor: Mr. N. Ravishankar is a BEE Certified Energy Auditor having vast experience in machine maintenance, utilities O & M, machine reconditioning and Training & Development. He can be reached at [email protected] or [email protected]

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LIGHT POLLUTION AND ITS IMPACT ON ENERGY, SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT By R.P. Rammohan WHAT IS LIGHT POLLUTION Light Pollution affects everyone's quality of life and many of us do not even realize it. Light pollution is wasted artificial light; light that shines where it is neither needed nor wanted. Light pollution, a phenomenon that is created because of inefficient, excessive and poor lighting. Light pollution is wasted illumination needlessly spilled to the sky from poorly shielded and improperly installed outdoor light fixtures. Wasted electricity from excess illumination spilling into the sky and across property lines wastes an enormous amount of energy needlessly, serving no useful purpose whatsoever. In areas where electricity is generated by burning coal, this needless waste contributes to additional greenhouse gases in our atmosphere, contributing to global warming. Light pollution caused by luminaires that are not properly adjusted and shielded needlessly robs everyone of their inalienable right to view the stars. Light beamed into the sky is squandered, since it's not illuminating any target. Most light fittings waste a large fraction of the light they produce. If you fly into a city at night and you can see the streetlights from the airplane, that light is counterproductive. LIGHT POLLUTION KILLS SAFETY Light Pollution occurs when unmanaged glare emitting from improperly aimed and unshielded light fixtures causes uninvited illumination to cross property lines or shine bright light into drivers' eyes. When this happens, the safety of pedestrians is often placed in jeopardy.

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In Oxfordshire, a man was killed when a pub floodlight blinded a car driver. In Australia, ill-directed lighting surrounding an airport caused a fatal air crash. Responsible nighttime illumination makes roads and parking lots much safer for both drivers and pedestrians. Glare from a car's high beams, a poorly aimed porch light, or even an unshielded window inhibits night vision, paradoxically making it harder to see. That can endanger drivers, not to mention hapless deer. LIGHT POLLUTION KILLS HUMAN HEALTH Intrusive nuisance lighting can cause stress, leading to deterioration in health, heart attacks, and even thoughts of suicide. Light Pollution also robs us of our right to a good sound night's sleep when artificial illumination coming from poorly aimed and unshielded light fixtures shines glare into our windows at night. Occasionally, poorly aimed lighting gets so bad that even the best blinds and drapes cannot end the spill of light into a room. Controlling outdoor illumination prevents eye abuse Artificially generated light at night affects the pineal gland's ability to produce melatonin (the sleep hormone). Light and cancer may be even more fundamentally linked. 73 percent more breast cancers occur in US’s brightest communities than in its darkest. Too much artificially generated light at night can have very adverse affects on our health by disrupting natural hormone production that our bodies require! Research in this area is indicating more links to some very interesting medical questions about how natural circadian rhythms, when disrupted, can increase the risk of certain types of cancer. HOW TO COMBAT LIGHT POLLUTION Use outdoor nighttime lighting only for as long as and as bright as it is absolutely necessary. Make sure your home or business lighting only shines where it is needed and with appropriate power, without wasting light upwards into the sky, or outwards into neighbouring homes.

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Well designed outdoor light fixtures do not show the source of illumination when they are properly shielded and installed so no light shines above the horizontal plane. Municipalities can fix light pollution problem by instituting comprehensive outdoor lighting ordinances that require shielded lighting that does not shine illumination above the horizontal plane. In the interest of reducing glare to improve safety, security, and visual acuity after dark, the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America recently dramatically lowered their recommended illumination levels for the nighttime environment. LIGHT POLLUTION – LEGAL ASPECTS Light Pollution robs us of our right to privacy and fair legal use of our land when glaring unshielded lights shine artificial illumination onto our property at night. It is an unwelcome violation of our space and is known as Light Trespass. Many communities have nuisance laws that prevent this abuse in US. These conditions are commonly known as Light Trespass. It should be one of your rights not to be forced to suffer this kind of abuse.. LIGHT POLLUTION – SOME STATISTICS An estimated 30 percent of outdoor lighting is wasted in USA. Each year an estimated 10 billion dollars worth of electricity is being wasted due to light pollution by the United States alone. The majority of this electricity is generated by burning fossil fuels. They have documented light from distant cities traveling roughly 200 miles into national parks in USA In dark US rural areas about 2,000 stars are typically visible at night, compared with "maybe five" in a bright city square—and about 5,000 in centuries past. More than 300 megawatts worth of light is wasted skywards from UK streetlights alone, at an annual cost of about £100m ($190m). Even the most modern streetlights in UK divert light away from the street, and shine light directly into the sky. Light pollution in the UK increased by a staggering 24% between 1993 and 2000, making Britain the third most light-polluted country in Europe.

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In 2008 Hong Kong's environmental protection department received some 50 complaints about light pollution, up from the 40 cases received in 2007, with neon advertisement signs posing a growing nuisance for the public. CONCLUSION Putting an end to light pollution is a responsible and ethical thing to do, and it will enhance the quality of life for nearly every citizen in the process.It only makes sense to conserve electricity where possible, and turning the night into daytime conditions is neither prudent nor necessary. About the contributor: Mr. R P Rammohan is an independent energy management consultant with extensive experience in energy audits. He has a special interest in lighting pollution and lighting related energy conservation. He is based in Hyderabad and may be reached at Email: [email protected] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

30 % of world population without access to electricity lives in India! And on the other hand some people are suffering from light pollution! What an irony!

Photos by: Sunil Sood

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Debate on feasibility of LED Street lighting An interesting debate took place in iaemp yahoo group. Here are some of the unedited messages!- Editor ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---Lumens - Unit of energy for light, which is produced by any light source. The efficacy is lumens per watt. For monochromatic light of mid spectrum (maximum spectral luminous efficiency) is 683 lm/W at 555nm - which corresponds to peak of visible spectrum , and green. For multi spectrum light would be lesser, as different frequencies have different energy. Lux is the lumens per sq.m in a plane. Thus product of lux over an area and the area in Sq meters would give the lumens. All lights give off light in 360 degree direction, atleast in one axis . Thus, for getting light for working area, we need lumnairs or reflectors. Thus, the final area covered by the total unit (lumnaire +lamp) is more a function of the lumniaire than the light. Since no luminaire can reflect 100% of the light, the amount of lumens falling over an area would be less than that produced by the lamp. The lamp itself would absorb a considerable portion of the light reflected onto itself. For HPSV, a net reflection of 70% is considered as good. The LED lights give off light in a specified direction, and the efficacy (lumens per watt) is the net light output in that direction. Thus there is no loss of light. It is due to this reason LEDs can produce more lux than conventional light. Further, most lumniares cover more area due to wider angles, as reducing the dispersion below certain value reduces the luminaire efficiency. LED lights can e designed for the exact requirement of dispersion angle, without loss of efficiency. HPSV and night lighting The human eye perceives the objects differently during the night and the day. The day vision is called the Photopic vision and the night vision is called Scotopic. A search in the net would give many details on the above. Venture lighting gives the complete detail of how metal halide (whose S/P ratio is similar to that of white LED with colour temperature of 6500 deg K) is much better than HPSV. (I can give links to the different sites, once I am a bit free) Fog visibility The idea that yellow light penetrates fog is due to the higher diffraction of the shorter wavelengths of light in a spectrum. This is the reason for the red colour of the sun during the evening and morning.

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However, during the fog, the visibility becomes poor in general - and the fog is a phenomenon at sunrise or essentially day time. The street lights are meant for providing light at the night. A search in the IESNA site for street lighting ( none can say that IESNA knows less about lighting) will give all the relevant details, and how the S/P ratio is becoming a very important tool for comparing the lux levels of different different lights for street lighting and why metal halides / LEDs will become more preferred lights in the future. My recommendation is that anyone wanting to question a posting or pass adverse comment, should first do a simple net search, understand and pass comments with reference, than just state what they "believe" to be true - without any further basis. teejay

Dear Mr. Sood, As per my experience in lighting, only lumen to lumen comparison should be right thing. Lumen to lux comparison is technically not correct because 01 lux is 01 lumen per sq. mt. Colour rendering of HPSV is less but it gives maximum illumination level if installed properly. For street light application CRI does not matter because objective of street light is to improve visibility.

Subodh Shah Executive Engineer (electrical) Vadodara Municipal Corporation Vadodara Mobile: 09825801936 Dear Mr Shah, I am reproducing your mail Quote Dear Mr. S. Khandekar, I agree with you, 100% lumen can not be converted in to lux. Even though as of now there is no replacement of HPSV SON T PIA lamps. In Future LED may replace all conventional lighting source.

Subodh Shah unquote.

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I agree with you that one unit cannot be and should not be compared with other units in engineering. the point is if you compare lumen to lumen, and find it unfavourable, but lux to lux i the required area is favourable, which one should you take? It is a comparison of lux to lux, and that is the final requirement for any lighting application. regards teejay Dear Group members, In lighting, lamp is the source of light output, which is measured in lumen, if any light source is emitting less lumens, more lux (illumination) is just not possible. CRI is related to quality of light, it can not be compared in terms of lux. Low CRI of HPSV does not mean that lower conversion of lumen to lux. In street light CRI is not important, as it will help in identifying the colour of the object. I am not against any product, I am trying to put technical data to the benefit of the group members. I also request to Mr. Teejay to surf the net and find out the right thing. I do not have any vested interest. I am largest user of lighting products hence I need to check all the products technically.

Subodh Shah Re: “In lighting, lamp is the source of light output, which is measured in lumen, if any

light source is emitting less lumens, more lux (illumination) is just not possible.” I am a bit of a rookie on this topic, but I am presuming that not just Lumens, but directionality matters and that is what makes LED really neat. It doesn’t make sense if a lamp is generating a lot of light (lumens), but headed in the wrong direction or wasted (like they are in down-lighters in offices and corridors). Lux is really what the experience of lighting is about and I am presuming that even though certain light sources have higher lumens, the lux levels at the places that matter don’t add up due to the lack of proper directionality. Did I get that right ? K.R.Harinarayan

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Mr. Hari, Luminary & reflector is giving direction to the light output (lumen) towards the object to be illuminated. We have achieved 35lux level for 250 w HPSV lamps (33200 lumen ouput). We have installed poles at 45 meter span. Mounting height is 10 M. We are the only Municipal Corporation in the country to have this type of installation with effective service delivery. Ihave already uploaded picture galary, pl. look at it.

Subodh Shah Dear Mr Datar and Mr Subodh, Please find attached, two pdf files, which should give relevant data. Mr Datar is absolutely right - When using LEDs, the biggest advantage is the LUX where you want - thus, when a streetlight requires only about 120 degrees of dispersion along the road, and less than 60 degrees (mostly around 30-45 degree) of dispersion across the road - most HPSV lamps give about 160 degree or more of dispersion . Thus, even with the assumption of 100% reflection (which is impossible as the lamp itself would absorb the light reflected onto it) the effective lux from properly designed LED lamps outweigh the advantages of the higher (say 1520%) of HPSV. Also, SECO's design ensures more that 96% efficiency to the LEDs compared to the normal HPSV lamps ( or most of the other LED design) Also, the lumen loss is spread over a longer time compared to the HPSV. When You compare the metal halide lamps, LED would not have the advantage of the S/P ratio which is available when compared with HPSV. One should also remember that HPSV has mercury, while LEDs have none. For those who are interested in the quantification of mercury due to lamps (cfl at home was taken as example), I can send a paper written by my daughter Vaishnavi Jayaraman, and her friend Divya, who are second year students of chemical engineering at SSN college of engineering, Chennai. Dear Mr. T.jayaraman & Mr. Datar, Light distribution of HPSV is depending on the design of reflector not on lamp. Very good quality LED give lumen efficacy of around 80 lumen/watt.

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At present LED lamps are costly compared to sodium for equivalent lumen package.

Subodh Shah Dear Mr Subodh, It is possible to have LED lights with equivalent LUX on the roads ( not lumens, as it does not matter if we produce more lumens or less lumens, but what is required is lux in the roads) with less than 3 year payback and 30,000 hours of life (70% lux retention). - if the unit cost is taken at Rs 5 and light hours per day as 12. During that time, at least three HPSV lamps would have been changed and no mercury would have been added to poison the earth. For energy conservation and not having mercury, three year payback is not too high. T.Jayaraman. Dear Mr. Subodh, HPSV is not a point source of light. That is why it is extremely difficult to design an exact reflector which will ensure that light spreads only in the required area. More over, there is some loss in the reflector too. If you see the soft ware of Crompton Greaves, you will find that light output ratio of street light fittings varies from 70 to 89%. Regards S. khandekar Dear Mr. Jayraman, LED is definately not for streetlight application. Please compare LED & HPSV for on kilometer road length by following points. Road Length: 01 KM Road width:

42 M,

Installation:

Central

Carriage width: 8.5M X 2 Mounting Height of HPSV Luminary: 10 M Span Between Poles: 42 M Average Illumination Level: 35 lux (By considering factor .8 for IP 66 luminary)

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Total Load: 13.44 KW for 01 Km length (40% energy saving after dimming) Note:- Abovedata is measured at Vadodara Municipl Corporation's insatalltions. Lumen out otput of 250 w HPSV PIA Lamp: 32000 lumen Life of Lamp: 32000 burning Hours. I request u to calculate load & energy consumption of LED for getting illumination level of 35 lux. As 01 lux is 01 lumen per sq. mt. pl. compare for equivalent lumen output. Pl. do not adjust illumination level with respect to CRI.

Subodh Shah Dear Mr subodh shah, Could you please send me the lux mapping of two to three lights for my reference please? Once i get that data, i hope to be in a position to answer your query. Please note that i am not using this forum for "selling”. hence, it is for you to take the S/P correction or not. All the information I give can be cross verified in the web or books - except about our LEDs. I stand for the correctness of information about our products. Hope to get the required information from you at the earliest. regards teejay Dear Mr. S. khandekar, I agree with you, 100% lumen can not be converted in to lux. Even though as of now there is no replacement of HPSV SON T PIA lamps. In Future LED may replace all conventional lighting source.

Subodh Shah Dear Mr. T. Jayraman, There is international nine point method (between two poles) of lux measurment. Take three points below each poles at equidistance on carriage width (06 points) and three points between the two poles. there is a formula to calculate average lux level, for A1 & A2 category of road uniformity should be 40%. (This is as required in IS 1944). We have considered maintenance factor also.

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I am herewith attaching a file which shows details of lux measurments. Please feel free to contact me on the issue.

Subodh Shah Hi Mr Subodh Shah and Jayaraman and others.

1. This is Vijay Gupta ( MD , Kwality Photonics P ltd, manufacturers of Power LEDs( 100LPW currently). Though I am joining in discussion a bit late, I’ll offer comments in random chronological order. ( I’ve also edited the mails in the chain for ease of cross-reference and for new participants). 2. Congrats, Mr Shah, for the meticulous work done on Streetlight measurement method ( 9point system).Thanks for your simple and clear explanation of the same.

Very good quality LED give lumen efficacy of around 80 lumen/watt. At present LED lamps are costly compared to sodium for equivalent lumen package 3.

There are few makers like Kwality, Seoul, Cree that offer 100LPW commercially now. Prices: are poised to fall steeply with excellent variable-cost breakthroughs happening recently. Yet, We have to recover our development costs. So prices don’t fall in the general market for some more time. Yet we are willing to offer the cost saving realised by us for large projects on one-one basis , and rather are looking out for such partners who can work with us on longterm business.

It does not matter if we produce more lumens or less lumens, but what is required is Lux in the road(TJ) 4.

Lux on the road is indeed directly proportional to Source Lumens. But with right geometry/optics one can eliminate the light going into unwanted places( Skylight, Glare etc). For HPSV its too complicated to achieve( really?) , but with LEDs , same Lux distribution can be achieved with lesser lumens/power( as propounded by Mr T Jayaraman). Further, the eye response for low light levels ( mesopic) , such as in the nights, is better for Blue dominant LEDs than the Yellow dominant HPSV ( Yes Mr Datar !), allowing further reduction in LED Lumen or given Lux target.

Efficacy of LED is much less compared to HPSV lamps. Lumen output of LED may reach up to 200 lumen/watt in future, Now a days techno-economics of LED do not allow LED to be used in street light applications. In the same way solar lighting also cannot be implemented for street light service.( SubodhShah) 5.

You may be right that SOLAR lighting is not competitive, naturally when grid power is available on demand(?) @Rs7, and no hassles of maintaining the battery( a major pain and need

replacement every 500 days) and need for security against pilferage. Yet Mumbai (MCGM) has installed 1000 nos of 12W streetlights in adivasi-pada’s( Jogeswari forest) and slums in northern Mumbai, for calls that go beyond economics. LED cost effectiveness has seen swift changes, of recent, as the outcome of R&D by Chip produces have begun trickling down to us now. If you can share you calculations and assumptions with the forum, we can try to bring it update with present or near-future-certaintyfigures.

Also, SECO's design ensures more that 96% efficiency to the LEDs compared to the normal HPSV lamps 6.

Mr Jayaraman must be using source voltage close to combined Vf of the string of LEDs. Yet the 220V SMPS which is employed to get to this voltage has a 80~90% efficiency. May be it needs to be counted too. Mr. Subodh Shah, This is most interesting… a couple of questions: - Is the distance A1-B1 about 22m (1/2 the distance between the poles) - What is the distance A1-B2 and B2-A4 ? (is it 8.5 / 2 = 4.2 m ?) - How does one define the IP class for a luminary ? What it would be for an LED streetlight ? K.R.Harinarayan Dear Mr Subodh, Could you please send the file as .DOC (word 2000 or lower) as my open office does not open the higher versions. However, i am giving below the results of the testing of SECO's street light by one of the BEE approved consultant. The payback would be about three years for 12 hours burning and for unit cost of Rs 5. The lumen maintenance would be 70% at 30,000 hours, thus justifying the investment. ------------Comparison of 250 W HPSV lamp and SECO's 70 W LED light , on behalf of Energy management Centre (EMC) Thiruvnanthapuram, by a BEE approved consultant

Ratio of Lux/W between SECO's LED lamps and HPSV = 4.82

Ratio of average Lux between SECO's LED lamps and HPSV = 1.3

Ratio of Power consumption between SECO's LED lamps and HPSV = 0.24

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--------------------End of the extract While I agree that the LED light was compared with a old HPSV, SECO did not choose the light for comparison. This also should give you an idea of the design of LED which could result in higher lux, though the lumens from LED lamp was not higher - even if the deterioration of th HPSV was 50%. I am willing to send a street light on a trial basis, matching LUX to LUX , after I study your data. However, I would need to be paid if the results match. I am also willing to guarantee the performance for 6 months over and above the payback period. Please let me know your unit charges to calculate the payback. I do think that this is a fair offer, though it might be difficult for a municipal body. teejay Dear Mr. Hari You are right, all distance r correct. While procuring, buyer should specify IP of luminary. Higher is the IP better is tightness. Higher IP luminary requires lower cleaning frequency, hence it has higher maintenance factor. So far I have not used LED luminary for street light application. I do not have its specifications, if anybody from the group send me detailed specifications of LED luminary I will be able to comment.

Subodh Shah Dear Mr. Jayraman, I am out of city, I can send u the file in .doc format after a week time, in the meantime u can get the same converted in to .doc. Average street light "ON" time in Gujarat is 11 hours. per unit kwh charge is Rs. 04.25 . We are using dimming technology, which saves 40% electricity. Most important features of my project are:  

  

IP 66 luminary ensures light output up to end of life of luminary 32000 burning hours of life of lamp ensures 8 years of operation without lamp replacement (Based on my 18 years of experience in lighting I am assuming HPSV SON PIA lamp life of more than 12 years) Lumen maintenance is 90% at the end of life Average 35 lux level is achieved by considering 80% maintenance factor, which means actual illumination level measured is 20% more at 42 meters span between poles. We r dimming street lighting during off peak hours which gives savings of 40%

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 

Annual Electrical consumption for a 250 W HPSV lamp including ballast loss of 30 watt per year is: 11 X 365 X 0.280 = 1124 KWH, after dimming consumption will be 675 KWH. The most important factor is life cycle cost of entire project.

From where u get this data "deterioration of th HPSV was 50%. " I do not agree with this. I request you to refer manufacturer's catalogue. It is my humble request not to quote any data which is technically base less. When we r comparing LED with HPSV, it should be compared with latest and new HPSV lamp. Compare apple with apple. Service delivery I.e. illumination level is most important than the data of lamp & luminary. Service delivery depends on which type of luminary we r using and how it has been installed. According to you data of lux measurment, if it is nine point method than, average lux level is 12.5 (After considering maintenance factor ilumination level will further reduce either 0.7 or 0.8) at a span between poles of 30 meters, road width is 6.0 meters. In case of Vadodara we have span btn poles is 42 meters road width is 8.5 meters and installation of 250 W HPSV lamps on central divider, illumination level is 35 I request u to calculatetotal load for one K.M road length & electric consumption. I will install LED lamp if I will satisfy technically.

Subodh Shah Dear Mr Shah, I would be working on the data provided by you, for my own knowledge, if not for selling the LED lights. There are but two points. 1. Regarding deterioration of HPSV, I had mentioned "even if the deterioration had been 50%" with specific reference to the case study i had used. This is based on measured data and not with out a base. - And the data was taken by a third party and not by SECO. 2. The phillips data sheet i could get hold of in the net for HPS-son-PIA talks about 12000 hours of life - could you please send me the data sheet with 32000 hours of life. 3. If you are buying the luminnaires also from phillips, could you please send me the link which gives data on luminnaire efficiency and the optical characteristics etc., One of the sites did talk about luminnaire with 80% efficiency - but i could not get the angle of dispersion. 4. Please bear with me for the delay in studying your data - but i would like o make a single report, after i get the above data also - either from the net or from you. 5. While I do see your commitment, the data on HPS lighting I have recd from various parts of the country do not match with your claim of average 35 lux for 42 m * 8.5 * 2 - it might take me a

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while for compiling the data - i would also have to check the confidentiality. Please do note that i do not sell - I want the customers to buy after they are convinced - thus I state the facts available with me . My writing quote This also should give you an idea of the design of LED which could result in higher lux, though the lumens from LED lamp was not higher - even if the deterioration of the HPSV was 50%.

unquote Your comment quote From where u get this data "deterioration of th HPSV was 50%. " I do not agree with this. I request you to refer manufacturer's catalogue. It is my humble request not to quote any data which is technically base less. unquote Quoting anything out of context would confuse many and would not result in healthy debate. I will wait till i get the data from you - please do give me some time for collating the answer. teejay Dear Mr Shah, sorry about the point 2 - i did get the son-tia plus data sheet - the interesting fact is that only 50% survive at the end of 32000 hours. I have also got a nice article by Dr Biswas, who has analysed and found that while the life of the HPS lamp averages 20,000 in advanced countries, in India the life averages 8000. I would welcome your comments on Dr Biswas's article. He has also recorded that the HPSV lumen maintenance has come down by 40%. The data and info is by Author:Dhananjoy Biswas Inventor Dragon Kink Effect –HID lamp Scientist E ; Electronics Regional Test Laboratory (East) Sector –V: Block-DN: Salt Lake City: Kolkata-700091 India Email: [email protected]/[email protected] I am attaching the pdf. Pl do send me the data on the luminnaire being used by you. teejay

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LIGHTING QUIZ Enjoy this lighting quiz compiled by the editor. Answers are at the end. 1. Which is the most basic source of light: a. b. c. d.

lightbulb stars moon sun

2. Lighting is an intrinsic component of: a. b. c. d.

landscaping coloring dancing singing

3. The most concentrated form of lighting is: a. b. c. d.

decorative task lighting purpose lighting design lighting

4. This type of lighting is mainly decorative: a. b. c. d.

purpose lighting design lighting style lighting accent lighting

5. The life of a 32 watt linear T8 fluorescent light bulb is ___ times the life of a 60 watt incandescent. a. b. c. d.

2 times 12 times 18 times 24 times

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6. Ambient lighting refers to: a. b. c. d.

focusing on an object creating a mood illuminates an area to create comfortable brightness lighting for distant objects

7. The color rendering index (CRI) is measured in the scale of a. b. c. d.

1 – 100 1 – 100 % ¨ 100 – 1000 none of the above

8. A device that distributes and filters the light emitted from one or more lamps is: a. b. c. d.

control gear lamp luminaire starter

9. Ignitors are used for starting: a. b. c. d.

fluorescent tube lights compact fluorescent lights sodium vapor lamps none of the above

10. This type of lighting is popular with mounted fixtures a. b. c. d.

recessed accessed stressed backlighting

Answers: 1. d, 2. a, 3. b, 4. d, 5. d, 6. c, 7. a, 8. c, 9. c, 10. a

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IAEMP NEWS The following are the new office bearers of the INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONALS (IAEMP) having the administrative office at: 102, Eden Park, 20, Vittal Mallaya Road, Bangalore-560001. Phone: 09818527944, +91 120 6512372. Web Site: www.iaemp.org President: Bhupal Singh, Ghaziabad Vice President: S. Khandekar, Nagpur Secretary: Sunil Biswal, Bhubaneswar Treasurer: Prakash Magal, Banglore Dy. Secretary: F T Kanpurwala, Ahmedabad Jt. Secretary: Nitin Sharma, Mathura Jt. Secretary: N.Ravishankar, Chennai Central Council Members Sunil Sood, Ranchi G.G.Dalal, Mumbai Prof. Ajay Chandak, Dhulia Ravindra Datar, Mumbai Pradeep Kumar, New Delhi Kuntal K Mitra, West Bengal Paritosh Awasthi, Bhopal Rakesh Sahay, Bangalore G.H.Iyer, Bhubaneswar K.D.Bairagi, Bhopal Prof K R Ramana, Hyderabad Krishnamurthy, Vizayangar Mahadevan, Chennai P A Johny, Kerala A K Verma, Raipur T. Srinivas, Vizag State Coordinators KD Bairagi, MP D.Agaarwal,Rajasthan Amit Gupta, Karnataka S C Sabat, Orissa N.Ravishankar, Tamilnadu The Urja Watch congratulates all of them and hopes their efforts will further strengthen IAEMP.

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UPCOMING EVENTS World Renewable Energy Congress Bangkok, WREC 2009 Asia, Thailand. www.thai-exhibition.com/wrec2009asia/

May19-22, 2009

PV America Conference & Exhibition, Philadelphia, USA June 8-10, 2009 Pennsylvania Convention Center, www.seia.org 1-day Training Session (organized by Technology Training Group-TTG) on ―UNDERSTANDING DATA CENTRES - FAST TRACK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME‖ Sponsored by Pacific Research and Analysis, Singapore, June 11, 2009 Email: marine.noel@ psholdings. com Workshop on "Adoption of Energy efficient process technologies & practices and implementation of Energy Conservation Act 2001 in Buildings.‖ Organized by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, Bangalore, June 12, 2009 www.energymanagertraining.com 17th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Conference Centre, Hamburg, Germany June 29-July 2, 2009 www.conference-biomass.com 3rd Renewable Energy India 2009 Expo, New Delhi. August 10-12, 2009 Pragati Maidan, New Delhi. Organized by Exhibitions India Pvt. Ltd. Supported by Ministry of New & Renewable Energy, Government of India www.renewableenergyindiaexpo.com

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We Need Your Active Participation… Do you have an area of expertise in energy management? Have you solved a difficult problem or have an interesting case study? Do you want to share a joke with others? Or just have a word of appreciation for this issue. Share your knowledge with others and promote yourself too, by writing to The Urja Watch. You may also tell us about upcoming energy-related events in your area. Be sure to mention the title of the event, organizers, dates, venue, city, and contact information to get more details of the event. Please note the following points while making your submissions:  Articles must be original, in electronic version, 500 words or less. If you are using material from external sources, please acknowledge them.  Please include contact information (full name, title/organization, phone numbers, and email ID) with your submission.  Articles should be in MS word, single spaced, with easily readable font, preferably Arial size 12. Photos should be of high resolution.  Please e-mail your submissions [email protected]

to The Editor, ―The Urja Watch‖ at

 There are no deadlines for submissions. You may submit articles anytime.  We reserve the right to edit, rewrite or reject any article.

We Need Your Feedback Too! Please write your views and suggestions to the editor at: [email protected] Letters must include the writer’s name, address, phone and email ID. We appreciate your feedback and thank you for your support.

Disclaimer: This newsletter is published by the Indian Association of Energy Management Professionals (IAEMP). It is intended for IAEMP’s existing and potential members who are interested in energy management and IAEMP's activities. It does not imply endorsement of the activities, individuals or organizations listed within. Views expressed in this newsletter are entirely those of the authors and not necessarily that of IAEMP or the editorial board.

IAEMP NEWS

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