Thalamus
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THE THALAMUS It is an integrating centre for most inputs before relaying information to the cerebral cortex. Thalamic nuclei are divided into three groups: 1. Lateral group of nuclei a) Ventral group Ventral anterior nucleus Ventral lateral nucleus Ventral posterior nucleus Medial geniculate body Lateral geniculate body b) Dorsal group Pulvinar nuclei Lateral posterior nucleus Lateral dorsal nucleus 2. Medial group of nuclei. Centromedian nucleus Dorsomedial nucleus Midline nucleus 3. Anterior group of nuclei
MAIN CONNECTIONS OF THALAMUS
SENSORY FUNCTION MEDIAL GENICULATE BODY. Lateral geniculate body. Posteroventral nulcleus Motor functionslateral ventral nucleus Dorsal lateral nucleus.
AFFERENT FIBRES COCHLEAR NUCLEI and inferior colliculi From optic tract From spinothalamic tracts. From cerebellum and basal ganglia From thalamic nuclei and parietal lobe of cerebral cortex.
EFFERENT FIBRES To auditory cortex.
FUNCTIONS Hearing.
Ipsilateral Vision. calcarine cortex. To Sensory Somatosensory cortex impulses. To motor cortex.
Voluntary motor functions.
To cerebral cortex
Concerned with language, auditory and visual information.
Functions: z
It is an integrating centre for most inputs before relaying them to the cerebral cortex.
Includes
z z z z z z
a) Relay station in the pathway of somaesthetic sensations arising from opposite half of the body. b) Impulses coming from opposite cerebellum c)Impulses coming from reticular formation d) Relay station for autonomic and emotional reactions, Subcortical perception of sensations Control of muscular movements Integrating centre for sleep Centre concerned with emotions and recent memory Centre concerned with language Important centre for genesis of EEG
APPLIED Thalamic Syndrome: Damage of posteroventral and posterolateral nuclei of thalamus due to blockage of posterior cerebellar artery leads to : z z z z z
Loss of tactile localisation and discrimination Muscular weakness Ataxia Intentional tremors Choreoathetosis
MAIN CONNECTIONS OF THALAMUS
SENSORY FUNCTION MEDIAL GENICULATE BODY. Lateral geniculate body. Posteroventral nulcleus Motor functionslateral ventral nucleus Dorsal lateral nucleus.
AFFERENT FIBRES COCHLEAR NUCLEI and inferior colliculi From optic tract From spinothalamic tracts. From cerebellum and basal ganglia From thalamic nuclei and parietal lobe of cerebral cortex.
EFFERENT FIBRES To auditory cortex.
FUNCTIONS Hearing.
Ipsilateral Vision. calcarine cortex. To Sensory Somatosensory cortex impulses. To motor cortex.
Voluntary motor functions.
To cerebral cortex
Concerned with language, auditory and visual information.
Functions: z
It is an integrating centre for most inputs before relaying them to the cerebral cortex.
Includes
z z z z z z
a) Relay station in the pathway of somaesthetic sensations arising from opposite half of the body. b) Impulses coming from opposite cerebellum c)Impulses coming from reticular formation d) Relay station for autonomic and emotional reactions, Subcortical perception of sensations Control of muscular movements Integrating centre for sleep Centre concerned with emotions and recent memory Centre concerned with language Important centre for genesis of EEG
APPLIED Thalamic Syndrome: Damage of posteroventral and posterolateral nuclei of thalamus due to blockage of posterior cerebellar artery leads to : z z z z z
Loss of tactile localisation and discrimination Muscular weakness Ataxia Intentional tremors Choreoathetosis
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