Th Ore Sample (1.4x1010yr.)
Page -811-
low energy portion
238 ( Pb) 583 ( Tl)
520 523 546 549 562 571
503
478
727
DE/214Bi
463 409 440 453
616/DE 620 640 651 666
Pb
508/510
338 214
328 321
340
Pb
214
300
288
270 277
240 252
209 215
1495 1501
Bi
1245
214
Bi
214
1287
1247
Bi 214
1164
1153
Bi 214
102
1133
1065
1033
234m
Pa
975 982 988
1078/SE 1093/1095 1110
214
Bi
964
Bi 214
x10
938
904
958 952 947 944
893
835 840
830
Bi
103
204
235
Ra
Pa/211Pb/214Bi
794
968 ( Ac) 228
860
234m
223
129
911 ( Ac) 228
755 763 772 782 785
U/226Ra
208
701
114 108 105 98 93 90 86 77 74
214
Counts/Channel/Second
104
10-4-72 65 cm3 coaxial Ge(Li) no absorber 10 cm 90-230-1 low energy portion
212
DE
x-rays
105
Th Ore Sample (1.4x1010 yr.)
1459
106
101 0 1000
200 1200
400 1400
600 1600
Channel Number
Table of Contents
800 1800
1000 2000
Page -812105
10-4-72 65 cm3 coaxial Ge(Li) no absorber 10 cm 90-230-1 high energy portion
SE
Bi
Bi 214
Bi 214
1887
Bi
214
1806
Bi
1677 1686
214
Bi sum
214
1638
214
1620 1630
1588 1580
1557
1625
2614 (208Tl)
Bi
102
101
214
Counts/Channel/Second
103
1529 1537
214
1512
Bi
104
DE
Th Ore Sample (1.4x1010 yr.)
100
10-1
10-2 2000 3000
2200 3200
2400 3400
2600 3600
Channel Number
Table of Contents
2800 3800
3000 4000
Page -813-
Th Ore Decay Chain
232
Th
220
(1.9x1010yr.)
Rn (55 sec.)
α decay 228
α decay 216
Ra (5.7 yr.)
Po (0.145 sec.)
β- decay 228
α decay 212
Ac (6.1 hr.) β- decay
228
β- decay 212
Th (1.9 yr.) α decay
224
220
Ra (3.6 day)
Pb (10 hr.)
208
Bi (60 min.)
35.94% α decay
64.06% β- decay
Tl (3.0 min)
212
α decay
β- decay
Rn (55 sec.)
208
Table of Contents
Po (0.299 µsec.)
α decay
Pb (stable)
Page -814-
GAMMA-RAY ENERGIES AND INTENSITIES
(
Nuclide: Thorium Ore 232Th Detector: 65 cm3 coaxial Ge (Li)
)
Eγ, σEγ
Eγ (keV)
σEγ
S
Ac Th
114.8 129.065 204.2 209.253 215.983
0.3 0.001 0.3 0.006 0.005
4 4 4 3 4
212
Pb
238.632
0.002
1
224
240.986 252.61 270.245 277.358 288.20 295.19 295.19 300.087 321.646 328.03 328.000 338.320 340.96 409.462 440.44 452.98 463.004 478.33 503.823 508.959 510.77 520.151 523.131 546.47 549.73 549.73 562.500 570.91 572.14
0.006 0.10 0.002 0.010 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.010 0.008 0.04 0.006 0.003 0.05 0.006 0.05 0.05 0.006 0.05 0.013 0.017 0.10 0.016 0.016 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.004 0.10 0.08
4 4 3 4 4
Isotope 212
Pb 228 Ac 228
228
Ra Tl 228 Ac 208 Tl 212 Bi 212 Bi 214 Pb 212 Pb 228 Ac 212 Bi 228 Ac 228 Ac 228 Ac 228 Ac 228 Ac 212 Bi 228 Ac 228 Ac 228 Ac 228 Ac 208 Tl 228 Ac 228 Ac 228 Ac 214 Pb 220 Rn 228 Ac 228 Ac 228 Ac 208
4 3 4 3 2 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4
Half Life: 7.538(39) x 104 yr. Method of Production: Natural Radioactivity
- 1998 ENSDF Data Isotope 208 Tl 214
Bi Bi 228 Ac 228 Ac 212
214
Bi Ac 214 Bi 228 Ac 228 Ac 212 Bi 228 Ac 208 Tl 214 Bi 234m Pa 228 Ac 228 Ac 212 Bi 212 Bi 228 Ac 228 Ac 228 Ac 228 Ac 208 Tl 212 Bi 228 Ac 228
228
Ac
228
Ac 228 Ac 212 Bi 228 Ac 228 Ac 228
Ac
Eγ (keV)
σEγ
S 1
583.191
0.002
609.321 616.02 616.22 620.38 640.34 651.41 651.51 665.76 666.45 701.747 727.330 755.315 763.13 768.36 768.36 772.291 782.142 782.2 785.37 794.974 830.486 835.710 840.377 860.564 893.408 904.20
0.018 0.12 0.03 0.05 0.30 0.30 0.03 0.14 0.10 0.014 0.009 0.004 0.08 0.20 0.20 0.005 0.005 0.3 0.08 0.005 0.008 0.006 0.007 0.005 0.005 0.04
4 2 4 3 3 2 4 4
911.204
0.004
1
927.9 944.196 947.982 952.120 958.61 964.766
0.3 0.014 0.011 0.011 0.04 0.010
4 4 4 4 4 2
968.971
0.017
1
Table of Contents
Isotope 208
2 4
Tl
228
Ac Ac 212 Bi 208 Tl 228 Ac 228 Ac 228
4 4 4 4
228
4 2 4 4 4
Ac 228 Ac 228 Ac 228 Ac 228
Ac K 228 Ac 228 Ac 212 Bi 228 Ac 228 Ac 228 Ac 228 Ac 228 Ac 40
4 4
212
Bi Ac 228 Ac 228 Ac 228 Ac 228 Ac 212 Bi 228 Ac 228
208
Tl
Eγ (keV)
σEγ
S
975 982.70 988.19 1033.248 1065.18 1078.62 1093.70 1095.679 1110.610 1133 1153.52 1164.50 1245.05 1247.08 1287.1 1459.138 1460. 1495.91 1501.57 1512.7 1529.05 1537.89 1557.11 1580.53 1588.20 1599 1620.50 1625.06 1630.63 1638.281 1677.67 1686.09 1806.0 1887.10
2 0.20 0.20 0.009 0.04 0.10 0.20 0.020 0.010 2 0.04 0.08 0.20 0.04 0.3 0.015
4 4 4 4 4 3 4
0.02 0.05 0.3 0.10 0.10 0.04 0.03 0.03 2 0.10 0.05 0.01 0.010 0.03 0.07 0.5 0.05
4 3 2 4 2 4 2 3 4 4 3 4
2614.533
0.013
1
4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 4